Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Multilateral environmental agreement"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Multilateral environmental agreement".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Multilateral environmental agreement":

1

Kuriyama, Ikuko. "Supporting multilateral environmental agreement with satellite Earth observation." Space Policy 21, no. 2 (May 2005): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2005.02.002.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Voigt, Christina. "Equity in the 2015 Climate Agreement." Climate Law 4, no. 1-2 (July 25, 2014): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00402005.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The success of the negotiations under the adp will depend, among other things, on a common understanding of equitable sharing of efforts and benefits. An equitable climate regime needs to be based on differentiation that is flexible and dynamic and only granted on a temporary basis. Finding reliable yet flexible and dynamic ways for allocating rights and responsibilities accordingly may be the main and toughest task in multilateral environmental treaty-making. This article anslyses differentiation in various multilateral environmental agreements and identifies ways for differentiating between states that could be helpful in a climate context.
3

Kim, Rakhyun E. "Is a New Multilateral Environmental Agreement on Ocean Acidification Necessary?" Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 21, no. 3 (November 2012): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12000.x.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Kim, Rakhyun E. "The emergent network structure of the multilateral environmental agreement system." Global Environmental Change 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.006.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Downs, George W., David M. Rocke, and Peter N. Barsoom. "Managing the Evolution of Multilateralism." International Organization 52, no. 2 (1998): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081898753162866.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
One of the most prominent characteristics of multilateral organizations is that they do not “spring forth full blown”; they grow. Although this is well known, relatively few attempts have been made to explain it at a general level or to explore its implications. In this paper we show why states that desire to create a multilateral organization or agreement might be attracted to a strategy that involves admitting potential members sequentially based on their preferences. Such a “sequential construction” strategy can generate an unusual kind of structure-induced equilibrium that dramatically mitigates the breadth-depth trade-off and increases the level of cooperation a multilateral is able to attain. We evaluate these claims with data drawn from the history of the European Union and twenty environmental multilaterals.
6

Waelde, Thomas, and Abba Kolo. "Environmental Regulation, Investment Protection and ‘Regulatory Taking’ in International Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 4 (October 2001): 811–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.4.811.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
This article addresses a currently very controversial issue—the question of environmental regulation of foreign investment and the limits on such national regulation by international law, in particular by recently completed and negotiated multilateral investment Treaties (MITs). It contributes to the emerging discussion on how and where to draw the line between legitimate non-compensable national regulation aimed at protecting the environment, or ‘human, animal or plant life or health’1 on one hand, and regulation which is ‘tantamount’ to expropriation requiring compensation, on the other. It is a question that is largely responsible for the 1998 collapse of the negotiations for a Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) within the OECD.2 This experience is currently the main obstacle for negotiating multilateral investment agreements—and it has already become a problem for the proper implementation of the already existing ones—in particular the novel and far-reaching investor-state arbitration under Chapter XI of NAFTA and Art. 26 of the Energy Charter Treaty.3
7

Singer, Thomas O., and Robert Stumberg. "A Multilateral Agreement on Investment: Would It Undermine Subnational Environmental Protection?" Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 1 (March 1999): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659900800102.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Egger, Peter, Christoph Jeßberger, and Mario Larch. "Trade and investment liberalization as determinants of multilateral environmental agreement membership." International Tax and Public Finance 18, no. 6 (April 13, 2011): 605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9169-9.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

LAURENS, NOEMIE, ZACHARY DOVE, JEAN FREDERIC MORIN, and SIKINA JINNAH. "NAFTA 2.0: The Greenest Trade Agreement Ever?" World Trade Review 18, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 659–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745619000351.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
AbstractThe renegotiation of what US President Trump called ‘the worst trade deal ever’ has resulted in the most detailed environmental chapter in any trade agreement in history. The USMCA mentions dozens of environmental issues that its predecessor, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), overlooked, and in line with contemporary US practice, brings the vast majority of environmental provisions into the core of the agreement, and subjects these provisions to a sanction-based dispute settlement mechanism. It also jettisons two controversial NAFTA measures potentially harmful to the environment. However, this paper argues that the USMCA only makes limited contributions to environmental protection. It primarily replicates most of the environmental provisions included in recent agreements, and only introduces three unprecedented environmental provisions. Moreover, it avoids important issues such as climate change, it does not mention the precautionary principle, and it scales back some environmental provisions related to multilateral environmental agreements.
10

Churchill, Robin R., and Geir Ulfstein. "Autonomous Institutional Arrangements in Multilateral Environmental Agreements: A Little-Noticed Phenomenon in International Law." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 4 (October 2000): 623–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2589775.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Since the early 1970s a considerable number of multilateral agreements have been concluded in the environmental field that establish a common pattern of institutional arrangements. The purpose of these arrangements is to develop the normative content of the regulatory regime established by each agreement1 and to supervise the states parties’ implementation of and compliance with that regime. These institutional arrangements usually comprise a conference or meeting of the parties (COP, MOP) with decision-making powers, a secretariat, and one or more specialist subsidiary bodies. Such arrangements, because of their ad hoc nature, are not intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) in the traditional sense. On the other hand, as the creatures of treaties, such conferences and meetings of the parties, with their secretariats and subsidiary bodies, add up to more than just diplomatic conferences. Because such arrangements do not constitute traditional IGOs and yet are freestanding and distinct both from the states parties to a particular agreement and from existing IGOs, we have chosen to describe them as “autonomous.” They are also autonomous in the sense that they have their own lawmaking powers and compliance mechanisms.

Дисертації з теми "Multilateral environmental agreement":

1

Seymour, Sezaneh Momeni. "What Factors are Associated with Multilateral Environmental Agreement Noncompliance, and can Agreement Provisions be Designed to Mitigate them?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104987.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
This research contributes to gaps in the international relations and international law literature on compliance by engaging practitioners with multilateral environmental agreement (MEA) expertise to answer two questions: 1) what factors are associated with MEA noncompliance; and 2) is there a relationship between the design of MEA provisions and compliance with those provisions. Practitioners overwhelmingly associate MEA noncompliance with insufficient domestic interagency consultation early in the lifecycle of a multilateral environmental agreement, particularly during its negotiation. The interagency consultative process is the mechanism by which a state identifies the nature of its relevant domestic environmental challenges and the availability of its institutional, financial, and technical resources to address them. Absent a robust process, state delegated representatives engage in negotiating obligations on behalf of their states without a full understanding of the domestic context. Consequently, they may inadvertently negotiate obligations that are impractical or otherwise inconsistent with domestic realities. Under these circumstances, a state may subsequently set itself on a trajectory of noncompliance when ratifying the agreement. Three noncompliance cases under the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal are consistent with this finding. The design of treaty provisions might serve to mitigate some factors associated with MEA noncompliance. Practitioners observe a relationship between the design of treaty provisions and compliance with those provisions. When presented with two different legal design options, practitioners overwhelmingly expressed a preference for obligations of outcome over obligations of action. Preserving state flexibility to determine how to implement obligations may mitigate noncompliance associated with insufficient domestic consultation early in the lifecycle of an MEA, but more research is necessary to draw the conclusion that one legal design produces better compliance results over another.
Doctor of Philosophy
States actively negotiate multilateral environmental agreements (MEA) to address transboundary environmental challenges. When states fail to comply with their obligations under these agreements, the international community's collective environmental goals are compromised. This research contributes to the literature on compliance by exploring two questions: 1) what factors are associated with MEA noncompliance; and 2) is there a relationship between the design of MEA provisions and compliance with those provisions. MEA noncompliance is overwhelmingly associated with states' poor preparation to engage in the negotiation and implementation of multilateral environmental agreements. Poor preparation is the result of insufficient domestic interagency consultation, which is the process by which a state identifies the nature of its relevant domestic environmental challenges and its ability to address them. The design of MEA provisions might serve to mitigate some factors associated with noncompliance, particularly if that design gives states the flexibility to later determine how or which domestic measures to take in order to meet the relevant outcome contained in their MEA obligations. However, more research is needed to draw the conclusion that one legal design is better than another.
2

Cederlund, Douglas, and Karl Hammarsten. "Balanced interests in the Paris Agreement : Analysis of COP attendees’ interests at multilateral climate negotiations pre- and post-the Paris Agreement." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176022.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The United Nations climate change conferences are the utmost platform for climate change negotiations and are convened under an international treaty known as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The causes of greenhouse gas emissions are deeply embedded in the economic and social activity on a global scale and yet, developing countries are expected to evolve into developed countries without straining the environment further. Knowledge of the interest of the participants at the COP is limited since no other research projects have measured it quantitively and at a large scale. This thesis aims to examine the professional interest in adaptation of delegates to the UNFCCC relative to other issue areas (mitigation and financing) and if there has been a shift in focus pre- and post-Paris Agreement. This thesis uses quantitative survey data gathered by The International Negotiations Survey (INS) together with two external indexes and data regarding CO2 emissions per capita for each country. While the chosen indexes to some extent overlap, they both contribute to the analysis by allowing to (1) measure the economic and social development of a country (HDI), (2) measure a country´s vulnerability to climate change (ND-GAIN). The results in this thesis show that there is a difference in interest among respondents that represent different HDI-categories. Results show that when comparing interest in adaptation to the external indexes, the more vulnerable a country is to the effects of climate change according to their ND-GAIN score the more interested their delegates are in adaptation. The results also indicate that respondents that represent countries that are most capable of addressing the effects of climate change show the least interest in doing so.
3

Jeßberger, Christoph. "Environmental Economics and Multilateral Environmental Agreements." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-126257.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Ikoum, Francoise Ongmalik. "Interaction between international free trade and environmental protection: the continued search for balance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7279_1256219850.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:

There is an existing conflict between trade and environmental policies. There are different opinions and attitudes in the relation between free trade and environmental protection. Free trade regards environmental factors as part of the comparative advantages that one country may have over another. However, many environmentalists are critical about trade liberalization. The scope of this paper was limited to the interaction between international free trade and the environmental protection. The main objectives of this study was to examine the interaction between trade(free trade) and environment and to analyse the areas of conflict between free trade under the World Trade Organization and environmental protection.

5

Wu, Mingge. "Essays on interaction of multilateral environmental agreements and international trade." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52287.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
This thesis studies the interaction between the environmental regulations/ agreements and international trade. I investigate and verify pollution haven hypothesis with panel regression with industries and country level data. The pollution haven hypothesis states that stringent environmental policies may drive the dirty industries to the countries with less stringent regulations. This paper verifies the pollution haven hypothesis from three aspects. Imports will increase for European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) members for dirty industries while exports decrease. Both the inward and outward foreign direct investments of dirty industries decrease for EU ETS countries. In the last chapter, I consider all types of multilateral environmental agreements and show that the presences of multilateral environmental agreements decrease countries total trade volume.
6

MacKay, William R. "Implementation of multilateral environmental agreements in Canada the role of legitimacy /." Calgary, Alberta : University of Calgary, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=994232541&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=78006&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Krueger, Jonathan P. "Explaining regime content : the use of trade restrictive measures in multilateral environmental agreements." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1606/.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
One of the central preoccupations of international relations scholars is to explain and elaborate the conditions under which international co-operation will occur. In particular, the 'international regimes' literature investigates how states attempt to manage collective action problems such as threats to the global environment. While there has been much progress in our understanding of the conditions required for the formation and maintenance of regimes, the question of regime content - also known as regime properties or institutional design - has been neglected. A second aspect of international co-operation yet to be fully treated is issue linkage. How does one regime - and its provisions - interact with another. The thesis addresses these issues by investigating a specific question: under what conditions will trade restrictive measures be incorporated into a multilateral environmental agreement (MEA). In addition to the regime analysis literature, I draw upon the 'trade and environment' literature on the interaction between trade policy and environmental policy to strengthen the analytical framework. The debate regarding potential conflicts between the rules of the World Trade Organization and the trade measures employed in various MEAs is particularly useful. A review of the contributions and gaps of the relevant literatures provides the basis for selecting four factors - power, costs and benefits, knowledge, and institutional forum - that are used to answer the research question. The use of trade restrictions is examined in the two pre-UNCED MEAs that are most clearly at the intersection of trade and environment: the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes. The thesis then extends the analysis to consider the future of trade restrictive measures in MEAs by applying the conclusions drawn from the two in-depth case studies to two post-UNCED MEAs: the 1998 Rotterdam Convention for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade and the planned Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. It is found that while power, costs and benefits, and institutional forum contribute in different degrees to understanding the factors influencing regime content, traditional knowledge-based regime analysis approaches fail to do so. Thus, a broader approach to examining the role of knowledge - analysing the influence of the Dominant Social Paradigm - is employed and demonstrated to have strong explanatory power.
8

McIntosh, Lee Michelle. "International investment and the environment, an analysis of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0023/MQ47927.pdf.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Rieder, Lidia [Verfasser]. "The Relationship between Trade-Related Environmental Measures in Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO Law / Lidia Rieder." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212394682/34.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Behrens, Alexander. "A legal analysis of multilateral environmental agreements dealing with hazardous products and hazardous waste." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15421.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Incudes bibliographical references.
The first human activities which were recognized as major environmental threats were industrial production processes. As a result, this field was the first which was subjected to environmental law, initially on a domestic level, and then subsequently also on a regional and global level. As development continued to progress, people realized that there were considerably more human activities that could also have a hazardous impact upon the environment. One of these were hazardous products, products which possess the inherent capacity to cause adverse effects on human health or the environment. This group includes, in particular; .certain chemicals, like pesticides, industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as many other nonchemical products as diverse as radioactive materials, consumer goods and, in more recent times, genetically modified organisms (GMOs). As a consequence, many countries have adopted national laws to deal with these products. In addition, states have had to recognize that the issue of hazardous products also has certain international ramifications. This led to the adoption of a special group of international environmental instruments which specifically addressed product related hazards. The, present study undertakes to analyze this group of i agreements with a view to identifying common characteristics and differences. In order to achieve this, it concentrates on the four Multilateral Environmental Agreements which have been concluded in the field: the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam Convention), the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity (Cartagena Protocol), the Montreal Protocolon Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) and the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention). In addition, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention) was also included in the study, in spite of the fact that waste presents certain peculiarities which render its classification as a product contentious.

Книги з теми "Multilateral environmental agreement":

1

South, Asia Regional Conference on the Doha Agenda (2005 New Delhi India). Trade, Biodiversity, and Multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEAs): A report of the South Asia Biodiversity Forum. New Delhi: Research and Information System for Developing Countries, 2006.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs Committee. Multilateral environmental agreements: Sixteenth report. London: Stationery Office, 1999.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Vaughan, Scott. Policy effectiveness and multilateral environmental agreements. Geneva: UNEP, 1998.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Chambers, W. Bradnee. Interlinkages and the effectiveness of multilateral environmental agreements. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Desai, Bharat. Multilateral environmental agreements: Legal status of the secretariats. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Chambers, W. Bradnee. Interlinkages and the effectiveness of multilateral environmental agreements. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Chambers, W. Bradnee. Interlinkages and the effectiveness of multilateral environmental agreements. New York: United Nations University Press, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Westin, Richard A. Environmental tax initiatives and multilateral trade agreements: Dangerous collisions. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Raustiala, Kal. Reporting and review institutions in 10 multilateral environmental agreements. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP, 2001.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Ojwang, J. B. Multilateral environmental agreements: Relevance, implications, and benefits to African states. [Nairobi]: United Nations Environment Programme, Regional Office for Africa, Water Branch, 1996.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Частини книг з теми "Multilateral environmental agreement":

1

Rao, P. K. "Multilateral Environmental Agreements." In The World Trade Organization and the Environment, 55–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333993958_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Taylor, Tim, Alistair Hunt, and Anil Markandya. "Trade and Environment: Linkages in Multilateral Environmental Agreements." In Towards an Environment Research Agenda, 123–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554429_6.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Taylor, Tim, Alistair Hunt, and Anil Markandya. "Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the Trade and Environment Nexus." In Climate Change Policy and Global Trade, 85–110. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2654-8_4.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Rao, P. K. "Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Trade Policies." In International Trade Policies and Climate Change Governance, 35–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25252-5_4.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Cherian, Anilla. "Confronting a Multitude of Multilateral Environmental Agreements." In Global Environmental Issues, 39–61. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119950981.ch3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Sindico, Francesco. "The Guarani Aquifer Agreement 2010." In Multilateral Environmental Treaties, 299–310. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781783477210.v.30.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Krasnova, Irina. "Finnish-Russian Agreement concerning frontier watercourses." In Multilateral Environmental Treaties, 291–95. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781783477210.v.29.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Harrison, James. "Exceptions in Multilateral Environmental Agreements." In Exceptions in International Law, 328–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789321.003.0018.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
When negotiating multilateral environmental agreements, it is often necessary to balance the environmental objectives of the agreement against other countervailing social or economic values, in order to ensure that all relevant states are willing to become a party to the agreement. One way in which to accommodate divergent values is through the inclusion of exceptions to the substantive treaty obligations. This chapter considers three different models for exceptions in multilateral environmental agreements: exclusions, reservations or opt-outs, and ad hoc conditional rights. The chapter also explores the oversight mechanisms that are utilized in order to prevent abuse of these exceptions in practice. The research suggests that there is a trend towards increasing scrutiny of states that take advantage of exceptions in environmental treaties, through the use of both political, independent, and judicial mechanisms.
9

Duruji, Moses Metumara, Faith O. Olanrewaju, and Favour U. Duruji-Moses. "From Kyoto to Paris." In Promoting Global Environmental Sustainability and Cooperation, 31–56. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3990-2.ch002.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The Earth Summit of 1992 held in Rio de Janeiro awakened the consciousness of the world to the danger of climate change. The establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change provided the platform for parties to negotiate on ways of moving forward. The global acknowledgement of the weightiness of the climate change and the future of the planet galvanized international agreements to this regard. Consequently, a landmark agreement was brokered in 1992 at Kyoto, Japan and 2015 in Paris, France. However, the strong issues of national interest tend to bedevil the implementation that would take the world forward on climate change. The chapter therefore examined multilateralism from the platform of climate change conferences and analyzed the political undertone behind disappointing outcomes even when most of the negotiators realized that the only way to salvage the impending doom is a multilateral binding agreement when nation-state can subsume their narrow interest.
10

Meidinger, Errol. "TPP and Environmental Regulation." In Megaregulation Contested, 175–95. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825296.003.0008.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
This chapter examines the environment-related provisions of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) to assess how and how much they contribute to a larger megaregulatory program for the Asia-Pacific region. TPP calls for “high levels” of environmental protection and effective enforcement; incorporates duties from several multilateral environmental agreements; adds new provisions addressing several important environmental problems; mandates administrative best practices; promotes corporate social responsibility and the use of voluntary certification systems; and provides implementation mechanisms for most of these provisions ranging from Party negotiations to committee processes and binding arbitration. On the whole, it promotes a model of environmental regulation consistent with that of the most OECD countries. The resulting movement toward cross-border regulatory alignment is likely to make member state environmental programs increasingly legible and navigable for transnational business actors. Alignment dynamics are likely to contribute to increased economic and political integration through implementation of common administrative techniques, increasing levels of communication and idea-sharing among mandated committees and resulting networks of officials, and increased trade and regulatory interactions across member states. While these developments seem likely also to lead to modest strengthening of environmental regulation in some member states, they clearly leave the dominant role to markets and trade as the driving forces in megaregional integration. Finally, TPP’s environmental regulatory program is quite different from China’s current model, and seems likely to provide an important arena for engaging and countering Chinese policies. While TPP’s environmental provisions are likely to spur improved environmental regulation in some member countries, they do not pre-figure a governance system capable of controlling the environmental degradation wrought by continuingly intensifying production and trade.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Multilateral environmental agreement":

1

"Potential of Satellite Earth Observation in Support of Multilateral Environmental Agreements." In 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-04-b.1.08.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Vladut, Gabriel. "Regional Cluster’s development." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4262.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The European Commission aims to ensure coherence between environmental, climate, energy and industrial policy to create optimal business environments for sustainable growth and innovations, in a way that enhances the competitiveness of European industry, while moving towards a more resource efficient, circular economy. Sustainability needs to be mainstreamed into all areas of industrial policy to help European businesses to unlock first mover advantage and gain a competitive edge. The Dorothy project is inspired by the contents of the “Flagship Initiative for a resource-efficient Europe under the Europe 2020 strategy”. The Dorothy Project is targeted to develop the potential of innovation and research in the four Regions composing the Consortium in the field of Urban Logistics, which represent the specific application topic of the proposal, and is one of the main focuses of attention of the Flagship Initiative. The industrial environnent is the main actor on the research and innovation regional driven Clusters The Dorothy project has achieved the result of setting up three Regional Innovation Clusters in: Valencia – Spain, Lisbon – Portugal and Craiova – Romania, under the mentoring action of the already existing Tuscany Cluster in Firenze. They operate in the field of Urban Logistics. This achievement must be made durable in time and the cooperation among the Dorothy Clusters must be ensured over the time after the end of the project. For this reason, among the other activities carried out by the project, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) have been defined and signed among the four Clusters in form of a multilateral and mutual agreement among them. This paper explain the contents and the importance in the JAP – Joint Action Plan, of the thematic area 3 about regional clusters development, the target of the overall Thematic Area, why has been chosen as a Thematic Area, shortly remind the actions that are contained in the Thematic Area. The action fields and related actions are organized under 6 areas:1. Innovative ICT solutions to support advanced UL regulation schemes2. Open data architectures to support urban logistics3. Proximity delivery areas4. Cooperation agreement among the Dorothy Clusters5. Reverse logistics6. Cooperation with other existing Clusters and networks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4262

До бібліографії