Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Optimization of the deposition bath".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath":

1

Venkateswaran, T., T. Thinesh Babu, M. Agilan, P. K. Jayan, D. Sivakumar, Xavier Vincent, P. Prakher Gupta, and B. Anandavel. "Optimization and Characterization of Manganese Coating on Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.671.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
In this study, the deposition of Manganese (Mn) on Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti alloy was carried out using electro plating route. The purpose of this coating is to join copper alloys utilizing eutectic reaction between Cu and deposited Mn. Mn coating through electro deposition is difficult due to very high electronegativity. Two different bath compositions have been studied, with and without the addition of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), where base composition remains same (MnSO4& (NH4)2SO4).The influence of the bath composition and deposition parameters such as pH, current density, time on the deposition rate of Mn coating was studied. Higher deposition rate of Mn was obtained with lower pH and higher current density (~6 amps/dm2). Time of deposition was optimized to obtain varying thickness, ranging from 10 to 30 microns. Detailed characterization was carried on the Mn coated samples using OM, SEM-EDS and AFM. XRD phase analysis on the coated surface ensures the presence of α-Mn at room temperature. Subsequently, DSC analysis was carried out on the Cu alloy/Mn deposit pair to assess the brazeability temperature window.
2

Patil, H. B., and S. V. Borse. "Optimization of Chemical Bath Deposited Mercury Chromium Sulphide Thin Films on Glass Substrate." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2013 (September 12, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/694357.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Semiconducting thin films of ternary () have been deposited on glass substrate by the simple and economical chemical bath deposition method. We report the deposition and optimization of the solution growth parameters such as temperature, complexing agent, thiourea, and deposition time that maximizes the thickness of the deposited thin film. The X-ray diffraction deposited thin films having cubic structure. The thin films were uniform and adherent to substrate. The composition was found homogeneous and stoichiometric by EDAX analysis.
3

Gangopadhyay, U., K. Kim, S. K. Dhungel, H. Saha, and J. Yi. "Application of CBD-Zinc Sulfide Film as an Antireflection Coating on Very Large Area Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell." Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (March 30, 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/18619.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The low-cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique is used to prepare CBD-ZnS films as antireflective (AR) coating for multicrystalline silicon solar cells. The uniformity of CBD-ZnS film on large area of textured multicrystalline silicon surface is the major challenge of CBD technique. In the present work, attempts have been made for the first time to improve the rate of deposition and uniformity of deposited film by controlling film stoichiometry and refractive index and also to minimize reflection loss by proper optimization of molar percentage of different chemical constituents and deposition conditions. Reasonable values of film deposition rate (12.13 Å′/min.), good film uniformity (standard deviation <1), and refractive index (2.35) along with a low percentage of average reflection (6-7%) on a textured mc-Si surface are achieved with proper optimization of ZnS bath. 12.24% efficiency on large area (125 mm × 125 mm) multicrystalline silicon solar cells with CBD-ZnS antireflection coating has been successfully fabricated. The viability of low-cost CBD-ZnS antireflection coating on large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell in the industrial production level is emphasized.
4

Bindu, K., M. Lakshmi, S. Bini, C. Sudha Kartha, K. P. Vijayakumar, T. Abe, and Y. Kashiwaba. "Amorphous selenium thin films prepared using chemical bath deposition: optimization of the deposition process and characterization." Semiconductor Science and Technology 17, no. 3 (February 18, 2002): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/17/3/316.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Yan, Xiaoxing, Yu Tao, and Xingyu Qian. "Preparation and Optimization of Waterborne Acrylic Core Microcapsules for Waterborne Wood Coatings and Comparison with Epoxy Resin Core." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102366.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization with urea formaldehyde resin as the wall material and Dulux waterborne acrylic acid as the core material. The effects of the core–wall ratio, water bath temperature and depositing time on the morphology, particle size, yield and encapsulation ratio of microcapsules were investigated by orthogonal experiment of three factors and two levels. The results showed that the core–wall ratio had the greatest influence on the performance of microcapsules. When the core–wall ratio was 0.58:1, the water bath temperature was 70 °C, and the depositing time was 5 d, the microcapsule performance was the best. With the increase in depositing time, the yield of microcapsule particles increased gradually, and the microcapsules appeared to show an adhesive phenomenon. However, the long-term depositing time did not lead to complete deposition and agglomeration of microcapsules. When 10.0% concentration of the waterborne acrylic microcapsules with 0.58:1 of core–wall ratio was added to the coatings, the mechanical and optical properties of the coatings did not decrease significantly, but the elongation at break increased significantly. Therefore, this study offers a new prospect for using waterborne acrylic microcapsules to improve the toughness of waterborne paint film which can be cured at room temperature on a wood surface.
6

Altomare, Lina, Serena Bertoldi, Monia Montorsi, Gabriele Candiani, Alberto Cigada, and Luigi de Nardo. "Optimization of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds Obtained via Cathodic Polarization." Key Engineering Materials 654 (July 2015): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.654.154.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Cathodic polarization is a powerful technique largely used for the deposition of thin films on metallic substrates; it offers the distinctive advantage of an easy control over the composition, thickness, and morphology of the films by simply adjusting the process parameters such as the electrolyte bath composition, the applied potential (or current density), and the process duration. In this work, electrochemical deposition (ECD) was exploited to engender biopolymer blends composed by chitosan/collagen and chitosan/poly (ethylene oxide) and deposited at different weight ratios (5:1, 3:1) and compared to pristine material. Our findings demonstrate that ECD is an effective technique for the preparation of scaffolds made of chitosan blends in which morphology and mechanical properties can be optimized via scaffold composition.
7

Mukhametova, Gulnaz M., Tatiana F. Burukhina, Vladimir V. Vasil’ev, Evgeny G. Vinokurov, and Vladimir D. Scopintsev. "MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF SOLUTION’S COMPOSITION ON THE BASE OF NICKEL COMPLEXES WITH GLYCINE AND SUCCINIC ACID FOR ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION OF Ni-P ALLOY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 64, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20216405.6359.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
In this paper the effect of parameters such as concentration of glycine, succinic acid and bath pH on the technological parameters of the electroless deposition of nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings (deposition rate, specific pH change during deposition), the composition of the coatings and their properties (microhardness after heat treatment) was studied. Experimental design of 23 central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the appearance of coating, rate, specific pH change, the chemical composition of alloys, and microhardness, as well as to optimize the electroless process of the alloy using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) associated with experimental design. The microhardness of the deposited coatings was 4.6 - 6.8 GPa and after heat treatment at 400 °C for 0.5 h increased to 9.7-11.6 GPa, which corresponds to hard chromium coatings obtained by electrodeposition from solutions of chromic acid. The Harrington desirability function was applied for optimization. The optimal composition of bath (in mol/l) and electroless conditions are proposed: NiSO4·6H2O – 0.12, NaH2PO2·H2O– 0.36, NH2CH2COOH – 0.30, (CH2)2(COOH)2 – 0.20, Pb(CH3COO)2 - 10-5; pH – 5.8. Temperature – 70 – 96 ºС. An acceptable rate deposition of 8 (70 ºС) and 34 (95 ºС) mg/(cm2∙h) was observed for an alloy obtained under optimal conditions from an solution of optimal composition. Under these conditions, the coating contained 6 wt.% of phosphorus. Therefore, the results of this work show the importance of using optimization techniques to obtain metallic coatings with controlled properties for different types of applications.
8

Perraudeau, Amélie, Christelle Dublanche-Tixier, Pascal Tristant, Christophe Chazelas, Sylvain Vedraine, and Bernard Ratier. "Low-temperature deposition of TiO2 by atmospheric pressure PECVD towards photoanode elaboration for perovskite and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells." EPJ Photovoltaics 10 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2019006.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
An original low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process was used to deposit titanium dioxide thin films. The parametric study in dynamic mode deposition aimed at growing an ideal columnar film composed of aligned anatase monocrystals as solar cell photoanode, previously obtained on silicon wafers in static mode deposition. A process parameters optimization was necessary to deposit onto thermally sensitive glass/FTO substrates. In this paper, the morphology, crystallinity and optical transmission of the coatings have been studied. The coatings display a columnar cauliflower-like structure, composed of TiO2 amorphous particles assembly. After deposition, the light transmission properties of the substrate were reduced. As a solution, an ultrasound bath cleaning was set up to enhance the transmitted light through the photoanode.
9

Mali, A. E., S. V. Borase, and A. S. Gaikwad. "Optimization of Growth Parameters for Deposition of Cd1-xMnxS (x=0.4) Nanocrystalline Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique." Volume 5, Issue 4 5, no. 4 (June 12, 2019): 773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.262.19050408.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Ali, Rashid, Fahad Ali, Aqib Zahoor, Rub Nawaz Shahid, Naeem ul HaqTariq, Saad Ullah, Arshad Mahmood, Attaullah Shah, and Hasan Bin Awais. "Synthesis of Al/Cu core–shell particles through optimization of galvanic replacement method in alkaline solution." International Journal of Materials Research 112, no. 6 (May 1, 2021): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-8167.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Abstract In this work, Al/Cu core–shell particles were successfully synthesized through an optimized galvanic replacement method. For this purpose, a uniform and dense copper layer was deposited on aluminum particles in an alkaline solution. The effects of four deposition factors, i. e. (i) molar ratio EDTA-2Na/CuSO4 · 5H2O, (ii) molar ratio CuCl2/Al powder, (iii) pH and (iv) temperature were systematically studied and optimized using the Taguchi orthogonal (L9) method. It was observed that molar ratio EDTA-2Na/CuSO4 · 5H2O and temperature are the most affecting factors in the deposition process. By increasing their levels, copper deposition increases within a specified time. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/ energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results revealed the formation of homogeneous nanostructured Cu shells around Al particles. The results revealed that to achieve maximum copper deposition on Al powder; molar ratio EDTA-2Na. 2H2O/CuSO4. 5H2O, molar ratio CuCl2/Al powder, pH and temperature of the deposition bath should be 2.0, 0.05, 8.8 and 55 °C, respectively.

Дисертації з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath":

1

Hildebrandt, Thibaud. "Optimisation des interfaces absorbeur/couche tampon/fenêtre avant dans les cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066720.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Le remplacement du CdS dans les cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2 est un des défis majeurs de la communauté. À ce jour un des matériaux les plus prometteurs est le Zn(S,O,OH) déposée par voie chimique en solution. En raison de la faible vitesse de dépôt du matériau et des phénomènes de métastabilités présents dans les dispositifs formés, il apparaît nécessaire d’optimiser les conditions expérimentales et les interfaces. La 1ère partie de ces travaux a été consacré à l’optimisation des conditions de dépôt des couches minces de Zn(S,O,OH) grâce à l’introduction d’additifs. Il a été possible de souligner l’effet des additifs sur la composition des couches déposées et sur les vitesses de réaction. La 2ème partie de ces travaux a été consacrée à l’optimisation des conditions de dépôt par pulvérisation cathodique de la fenêtre avant (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO :Al permettant une diminution des phénomènes de métastabilité et une limitation de la migration de sodium jusqu’au Zn(S,O,OH). Ces conditions combinées à une variation de la composition de la surface du CIGSe a permis d’obtenir des rendements de photo-conversion supérieurs à ceux des références à base de CdS
The replacement of CdS-based buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells has been one of the main challenges of the research community for the last decade. Today, one of the most promising alternative material is the chemically bath deposited Zn(S,O,OH). Because of its low deposition rate and of metastable behavior, it becomes necessary to proceed to an optimization of experimental conditions and of the various interfaces. The first part of this work has been dedicated to the optimization of the deposition bath thanks to the introduction of new additives. It has been possible to underline the additive effects on both the deposition rate and on the chemical composition of the deposited layers. The second part of this work has been dedicated to the optimization of the (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO:Al window layer. Thanks to an improvement of the sputtering conditions, it has been possible to reduce metastability of the solar cells, and to limit sodium migration up to the Zn(S,O,OH) layer. These optimized conditions combined to the variation of the CIGSe surface composition have allowed us to outperform CdS-based references solar cells
2

Urgessa, Zelalem Nigussa. "Growth and characterization of ZnO nanorods using chemical bath deposition." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021124.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Semiconductor devices are commonplace in every household. One application of semiconductors in particular, namely solid state lighting technology, is destined for a bright future. To this end, ZnO nanostructures have gained substantial interest in the research community, in part because of its requisite large direct band gap. Furthermore, the stability of the exciton (binding energy 60 meV) in this material, can lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination and possibly exciton interaction, even above room temperature. Therefore, it is very important to realize controllable growth of ZnO nanostructures and investigate their properties. The main motivation for this thesis is not only to successfully realize the controllable growth of ZnO nanorods, but also to investigate the structure, optical and electrical properties in detail by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy (steady state and time resolved) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, strong rectification in the ZnO/p-Si heterojunction is demonstrated. Nanorods have been successfully synthesized on silicon by a two-step process, involving the pre-coating of the substrate by a seed layer, followed by the chemical bath deposition of the nanorods. ZnO seed layers with particle sizes of about 5 nm are achieved by the thermal decomposition of zinc acetate dihydrate dissolved in ethanol. The effects of the seed layer density on the distribution, alignment and uniformity of subsequently grown nanorods were studied. The aspect ratio, orientation and distribution of nanorods are shown to be well controlled through adjusting the density of the ZnO nanoparticles pre-coated onto the substrates. It is shown that the seed layer is a prerequisite for the growth of well aligned ZnO nanorods on lattice mismatched Si substrate. The influence of various nanorod growth parameters on the morphology, optical and electrical properties of the nanorods were also systematically studied. These include the oxygen to zinc molar ratio, the pH of the growth solution, the concentration of the reactants, the growth temperature and growth time, different hydroxide precursors and the addition of surface passivating agents to the growth solution. By controlling these xii parameters different architectures of nanostructures, like spherical particles, well aligned nanorods, nanoflowers and thin films of different thicknesses are demonstrated. A possible growth mechanism for ZnO nanostructures in solution is proposed. XRD indicated that all the as-grown nanostructures produced above 45 C crystallize in the wurtzite structure and post growth annealing does not significantly enhance the crystalline quality of the material. In material grown at lower temperature, traces of zinc hydroxide were observed. The optical quality of the nanostructures was investigated using both steady-state PL and time-resolved (TR) PL from 4 K to room temperature. In the case of as-grown samples, both UV and defect related emissions have been observed for all nanostructures. The effect of post-growth annealing on the optical quality of the nanostructures was carefully examined. The effect of annealing in different atmospheres was also investigated. Regardless of the annealing environment annealing at a temperature as low as 300 C enhances the UV emission and suppresses defect related deep level emission. However, annealing above 500 C is required to out-diffuse hydrogen, the presence of which is deduced from the I4 line in the low temperature PL spectra of ZnO. TRPL was utilized to investigate lifetime decay profiles of nanorods upon different post growth treatments. The bound exciton lifetime strongly depends on the post-growth annealing temperature: the PL decay time is much faster for as grown rods, confirming the domination of surface assisted recombination. In general, the PL analysis showed that the PL of nanorods have the same characteristics as that of bulk ZnO, except for the stronger contribution from surface related bound excitons in the former case. Surface adsorbed impurities causing depletion and band bending in the near surface region is implied from both time resolved and steady state PL. Finally, although strong rectification in the ZnO/p-Si heterojunction is illustrated, no electroluminescence has been achieved. This is explained in terms of the band offset between ZnO and Si and interfacial states. Different schemes are proposed to improve the performance of ZnO/Si heterojunction light emitting devices.
3

Fjällström, Emil. "Synthesis of CdZnS by Chemical Bath Deposition for Thin Film Solar Cells." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324899.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The buffer layer is a crucial component in thin film solar cells. Defects at the interface between absorber and buffer layer lead to high recombination rate and the band structure at the interface highly affects the performance of the solar cell. In this thesis a method to synthesize thin films containing cadmium, zinc and sulfur, CdZnS, by chemical bath deposition has been developed and evaluated. A higher current from the device is expected when replacing the common buffer layer cadmium sulfide, CdS, with the more transparent CdZnS. It is also possible that the alternative buffer provides a more favorable energy band alignment at the interface with the absorber Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide (CZTS). The deposition process was developed by studying depositions on glass. Increasing [Zn2+]/[Cd2+] initially led to films with higher band gap (Eg). By varying deposition time the time before colloidal growth became dominant was observed. Addition of triethanolamine showed that triethanolamine binds stronger to zinc ions than to cadmium ions. Two recipes that led to Eg=2.63 eV were evaluated as buffer layer in Copper-Indium-Gallium-Selenide (CIGSe) and CZTS solar cells. The short circuit current of the devices increased in general with the CdZnS buffers compared to CdS. The best CZTS cell with a CdZnS buffer layer had 7.7 % efficiency compared to the 7.5 % reference. For future research it is recommended that the effect of thickness variation and deposition temperature is evaluated and that additional material characterization is performed in order to further understand and develop the deposition method.
4

Khallaf, Hani. "Chemical Bath Deposition of Group II-VI Semiconductor Thin Films for Solar Cells Applications." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2101.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is the analog in liquid phase of the well-known chemical vapor deposition technique in the vapor phase. In CBD, deposition of thin films takes place from aqueous solutions at low temperatures by a chemical reaction between dissolved precursors, with the help of a complexing agent. Among all techniques used to grow Group II-VI semiconductors, CBD has the advantage of being a simple, low temperature, and inexpensive large-area deposition technique. So far, its contribution in thin film solar cells industry has been mainly limited to growing n-type CdS and/or ZnS window layers for CdTe-based and CIGS-based solar cells. In this work we first optimize the CBD process of CdS using nitrilotriacetic acid and hydrazine as complexing agents as an alternative to ammonia. We then study the effect of the cadmium precursor on the optical/electrical properties, as well as crystal structure, morphology, and composition of CBD-CdS films. A better understanding of the CBD process of CdS as a whole has been achieved and high quality CBD-CdS films have been obtained. Next, we investigate in-situ doping of CBD-CdS with group III elements, such as B, Al, In, and Ga. The objective is to show that CBD is capable of not only growing CdS but also of doping it to reduce its resistivity and, as a result, facilitate its use in solar cells as well as other optoelectronic device fabrication. A four orders of magnitude drop of film resistivity has been achieved without a significant change in film bandgap, structure, or morphology. Finally, we test the possibility of using CBD to grow transparent conducting oxide (TCO) films, such as Al-doped ZnO films and cadmium stannate films. First, we study CBD of ZnO and later in-situ doping of ZnO using Al. High quality ZnO thin films have been grown using CBD with the help of four different complexing agents. Post heat treatment in argon ambient helped reduce resistivity of CBD-ZnO undoped films to ~ 10-1 Ω-cm. In-situ doping of such films using Al shows promising results. Such films could be an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) layers that are commonly used as TCO layers for solar cells. Another approach is to use CBD to grow CdO and SnO2 thin films, with the goal of obtaining Cd2SnO4 by later annealing of these two layers. Cadmium stannate is another TCO candidate that could replace ITO in the near future. We have succeeded in growing CBD-CdO thin films using three different complexing agents. Undoped CBD-CdO films with a resistivity as low as 1.01 x10-2 [omega]-cm and a carrier density as high as 2.59 x 1020 cm-3 have been obtained. SnO2 films have been successfully grown using CBD. Fabrication of Cadmium stannate thin films using CBD is investigated. In summary, our objective to expand the use of CBD beyond just growing CdS and ZnS, and to test the possibility of using it for in-situ doping of group II-VI semiconductors as well as TCO layers fabrication proved to be successful. We believe that this may have a significant impact on solar cells as well as other optoelectronic devices fabrication industry, due to the simplicity and the cost-effectiveness of CBD.
Ph.D.
Department of Physics
Sciences
Physics PhD
5

Lisco, Fabiana. "High rate deposition processes for thin film CdTe solar cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17965.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
This thesis describes the development of a fast rate method for the deposition of high quality CdS and CdTe thin films. The technique uses Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering (PDCMS). Surprisingly, the technique produces highly stable process conditions. CREST is the first laboratory worldwide to show that pulsed DC power may be used to deposit CdS and CdTe thin films. This is a very promising process technology with potential for eventual industrial deployment. The major advantage is that the process produces high deposition rates suitable for use in solar module manufacturing. These rates are over an order of magnitude faster than those obtained by RF sputtering. In common with other applications it has also been found that the energetics of the pulsed DC process produce excellent thin film properties and the power supply configuration avoids the need for complex matching circuits. Conventional deposition methodologies for CdS, Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) and CdTe thin films, Electrodeposition (ED), have been chosen as baselines to compare film properties with Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering (PDCMS). One of the issues encountered with the deposition of CdS thin films (window layers) was the presence of pinholes. A Plasma cleaning process of FTO-coated glass prior to the deposition of the CdS/CdTe solar cell has been developed. It strongly modifies and activates the TCO surface, and improves the density and compactness of the deposited CdS thin film. This, in turn, improves the optical and morphological properties of the deposited CdS thin films, resulting in a higher refractive index. The pinhole removal and the increased density allows the use of a much thinner CdS layer, and this reduces absorption of blue spectrum photons and thereby increases the photocurrent and the efficiency of the thin film CdTe cell. Replacing the conventional magnetic stirrer with an ultrasonic probe in the chemical bath (sonoCBD) was found to result in CdS films with higher optical density, higher refractive index, pinhole and void-free, more compact and uniform along the surface and through the thickness of the deposited material. PDCMS at 150 kHz, 500 W, 2.5 μs, 2 s, results in a highly stable process with no plasma arcing. It allows close control of film thickness using time only. The CdS films exhibited a high level of texture in the <001> direction. The grain size was typically ~50 nm. Pinholes and voids could be avoided by reducing the working gas pressure using gas flows ii below 20 sccm. The deposition rate was measured to be 1.33 nm/s on a rotating substrate holder. The equivalent deposition rate for a static substrate is 8.66 nm/s, which is high and much faster than can be achieved using a chemical bath deposition or RF magnetron sputtering. The transmission of CdS can be improved by engineering the band gap of the CdS layer. It has been shown that by adding oxygen to the working gas pressure in an RF sputtering deposition process it is possible to deposit an oxygenated CdS (CdS:O) layer with an improved band gap. In this thesis, oxygenated CdS films for CdTe TF-PV applications have been successfully deposited by using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The process is highly stable using a pulse frequency of 150 kHz and a 2.5 μs pulse reverse time. No plasma arcing was detected. A range of CdS:O films were deposited by using O2 flows from 1 sccm to 10 sccm during the deposition process. The deposition rates achieved using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with only 500 W of power to the magnetron target were in the range ~1.49 nm/s ~2.44 nm/s, depending on the oxygen flow rate used. The properties of CdS thin films deposited by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering and chemical bath deposition have been studied and compared. The pulsed DC magnetron sputtering process produced CdS thin films with the preferred hexagonal <001> oriented crystalline structure with a columnar grain growth, while sonoCBD deposited films were polycrystalline with a cubic structure and small grainy crystallites throughout the thickness of the films. Examination of the PDCMS deposited CdS films confirmed the increased grain size, increased density, and higher crystallinity compared to the sonoCBD CdS films. The deposition rate for CdS obtained using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering was 2.86 nm/s using only 500 W power on a six inch circular target compared to the much slower (0.027 nm/s) for the sonoChemical bath deposited layers. CdTe thin films were grown on CdS films prepared by sonoCBD and Pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The results showed that the deposition technique used for the CdS layer affected the growth and properties of the CdTe film and also determined the deposition rate of CdTe, being 3 times faster on the sputtered CdS. PDCMS CdTe layers were deposited at ambient temperature, 500 W, 2.9 μs, 10 s, 150 kHz, with a thickness of approximately 2 μm on CdS/TEC10 coated glass. The layers appear iii uniform and smooth with a grain size less than 100 nm, highly compact with the morphology dominated by columnar grain growth. Stress analysis was performed on the CdTe layers deposited at room temperature using different gas flows. Magnetron sputtered thin films deposited under low gas pressure are often subject to compressive stress due to the high mobility of the atoms during the deposition process. A possible way to reduce the stress in the film is the post-deposition annealing treatment. As the lattice parameter increased; the stress in the film is relieved. Also, a changing the deposition substrate temperature had an effect on the microstructure of CdTe thin films. Increasing the deposition temperature increased the grain size, up to ~600 nm. CdTe thin films with low stress have been deposited on CdS/TEC10 coated glass by setting the deposition substrate temperature at ~200°C and using high argon flows ~ 70 sccm Ar. Finally, broadband multilayer ARCs using alternate high and low refractive index dielectric thin films have been developed to improve the light transmission into solar cell devices by reducing the reflection of the glass in the extended wavelength range utilised by thin-film CdTe devices. A four-layer multilayer stack has been designed and tested, which operates across the wavelength range used by thin-film CdTe PV devices (400 850 nm). Optical modelling predicts that the MAR coating reduces the WAR (400-850 nm) from the glass surface from 4.22% down to 1.22%. The application of the MAR coating on a thin-film CdTe solar cell increased the efficiency from 10.55% to 10.93% or by 0.38% in absolute terms. This is a useful 3.6% relative increase in efficiency. The increased light transmission leads to improvement of the short-circuit current density produced by the cell by 0.65 mA/cm2. The MAR sputtering process developed in this work is capable of scaling to an industrial level.
6

Chiloane, M. H. "Thin film deposition of metal sulfide and metal oxide layers with and without polymer intercalation by using chemical bath deposition technique." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/388.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
A well adherent single layer thin film of zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), cadmium oxide (CdO) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been deposited on silica glass substrates from basic baths containing zinc acetate, cadmium acetate, ammonium hydroxide, triethanolamine, thiourea, and sodium hydroxide as precursors by chemical bath deposition (CBD), followed by multilayer deposition of metal oxide/metal sulfide and metal sulfide/metal oxide then intercalated by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). CBD was used for the deposition of the metal sulfide/oxide thin films under acidic and basic conditions for single layer thin film by varying temperature and pH. SEM micrograph of the as-deposited ZnS, ZnO, CdO, and CdS thin film, show the film to be uniform, dense, homogeneous at lower temperatures and composed of large irregular shaped grains that are scattered at higher temperatures. These large grains are comprised of smaller spherical grains. Star shapes were observed for ZnO and ZnS thin films while spherical shapes were observed for CdO and CdS thin films. The effect of temperature on the optical properties was studied by varying the deposited films at different temperatures of 60˚C, 70˚C, and 90˚C. The increase in temperature on the single layer depositions caused the decrease in %T which was in support with the large SEM results which in higher absorbance. Films of different thickness of (114.4 nm, 107.7 nm, 100.4 nm, and 99.67 nm) respectively were obtained for single layer deposition. The XRD study of the ZnS, ZnO, CdO, and CdS monolayer films deposited does not reveal any well-defined peak, indicating a highly disordered material. The XRD of CdO thin films showed one broad peak around 2θ value 26.37° corresponding to (111) plane. The structural studies had similar behavior of CdS, ZnO, and ZnS was similar with CdO with one broad peak at 2θ ~ 26˚. To enhance the property of MO, MS thin film was formed on the interfaces of MO thin film as a passivation and a substrate layer at 60°C with a pH value of 11 for 60 minutes deposition time and vice versa for enhancing the property of MS. The structural, morphological and optical properties of CBD deposited thin films have been studied by varying the processing parameters and the MO/MS multilayer ratio of the starting v precursors to provide a better understanding of the growth conditions by studying the MO/MS and MS/MO multilayer thin film materials with further intercalation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Multilayer thin films show different physical properties other than the conventional monolayer thin films. The films were deposited as the matrix of MO/MS and MS/MO of respectively at temperatures of 60˚C at alkaline medium for 60 minutes deposition time. SEM micrograph of CdO/CdS was observed to be spherical shapes which show the film to be uniform, dense, and homogeneous. Large spherical particles that appear to be increasing in size and non-homogeneous were observed in the deposition of CdS/CdO. The deposited ZnO/ZnS thin films show large conglomerate of snowflake structures and that of ZnS/ZnO thin film were polycrystalline in structure. The optical properties and band-gap energy were studied by depositing the films at 60˚C for 60 minutes.
7

Hedlund, Daniel. "Ammonia free CdS buffer layerfor Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells by chemical bath deposition." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206786.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
The buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells can improve cell performance. In this work we make CdS buffer layer by chemical bath deposition (CBD) without ammonia. CBD without ammonia were sought out since ammonia is a volatile compound. Different recipes for making CdS were tested; only one of the tested recipes actually produced something that is worth further investigating. This recipe used sodium citrate, an innocuous compound instead of ammonia. The best performance was 0.15 % off from the reference.This is almost as good as the used baseline process. However the worst almost completely killed the solar cells. Cell performance dropped by more than absolute 10 %. This demonstrates that chemical bath deposition can have profound effects on the solar cell performance. When trying to improve the best cells only detrimental effects showed up. This might show that, a part in the recipe used, NaOH has detrimental effects on solar cells. Ammonia free chemical bath deposition is possible, however so far it has not produced as good results as the reference. The difference is however very small, which makes it worth further investigating with moreand better solar cell material.
8

Stephens, Alan Thomas. "Chemical vapor deposition reactor design and process optimization for the deposition of copper thin films /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11578.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Lai, Jr-Yuan, and 賴致遠. "Chemical bath deposition and properties of ZnO nanowires." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38590581291986794864.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
碩士
國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
94
ZnO nanowire arrays have been synthesized on transparent conducting oxide substrates using chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effects of the concentration, reaction temperature and reaction period on the nanowire growth have been investigated in this study. The aspect ratios of the ZnO nanowires are enhanced when the concentration is decreased or the temperature is increased. Structure analyses of the ZnO nanowires reveal that the nanowires possesses single crystalline wurtzite structure and grows along the c-axis direction. PL and CL spectra show that the green band emission is enhanced when the reaction concentrations of the precursors are decreased. The ZnO nanowire arrays with various lengths grown by multiple bathes are further employed to be the anode of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The efficiencies of the nanowires DSSCs are enhanced as the length of the nanowire is increased. Further loading of the ZnO nanoparticles into the nanowires results in the efficiency enhancement due to the increase of the surface area of the anode for dye absorption.
10

Ho, Shao-Hung, and 何紹鴻. "Characteristics of ZnO prepared by chemical bath deposition." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u2tt5f.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
碩士
國立東華大學
電機工程學系
104
ZnO films were prepared by chemical bath deposition process from Ammonia. In this paper we discussed effect in NH3, zinc acetic and deposition temperature for ZnO films.The surface morphology, crystal structure, optical properties was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microcopy, X-Ray Diffraction, to investigated ZnO Films.In this experimental, NH3 and zinc acetic and deposition temperature influence the ZnO morphology and different kinds of XRD and are achieved

Книги з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath":

1

Soon Min, Dr Ho, ed. Chemical Bath deposition of crystalline Cu4SnS4 Thin Films. OMICS International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/978-1-63278-006-5-007.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Husurianto, Sjamsie. Process optimization and electrical characterization of ZnS:Mn electroluminescent phosphors deposited by halide transport chemical vapor deposition. 1998.

Знайти повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Nader, Antoun, Greesh John, and Mark C. Kendall. Basics of Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0002.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses the basics of ultrasound wave emission and capture, probe selection, image-optimization techniques, artifact generation, and potential adverse biological effects. The rapid improvement of ultrasound image processing allows a dynamic exam with a reliable real-time assessment of the target tissue, the needle trajectory, and the injectate deposition. This, combined with ease of portability and absence of radiation, means the use of ultrasound guidance in regional anesthesia and interventional pain management is rapidly expanding. Basic understanding of ultrasound knobology principles is mandated by most societies using ultrasound technology and is essential for optimal use.

Частини книг з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath":

1

Fuchs, Peter, Yaroslav E. Romanyuk, and Ayodhya N. Tiwari. "Chemical Bath Deposition." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 81–103. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch2_2.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Guire, Mark R. De, Luciana Pitta Bauermann, Harshil Parikh, and Joachim Bill. "Chemical Bath Deposition." In Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films, 319–39. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99311-8_14.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Mwema, Fredrick Madaraka, and Esther Titilayo Akinlabi. "Multi-objective Optimization Strategies." In Fused Deposition Modeling, 33–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48259-6_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Lincot, D., and J. Vedel. "Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films." In Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 931–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_238.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Aida, M. S., and S. Hariech. "Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique." In Advances in Energy Materials, 49–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50108-2_3.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Haouanoh, D., R. TalaIghil, F. Bensouici, and M. Toubane. "Influence of Deposition Time on the CdS Thin Films Prepared by a Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD)." In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development, 67–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_8.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Derom, Eric. "Pulmonary Deposition and Effects of Aerosolized Drugs in Pulmonary Patients." In Optimization of Aerosol Drug Delivery, 217–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0267-6_13.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

de Jongh, Frans, and Rupino Griffioen. "Ventilation Modelling and Drug Deposition in Very Young Asthmatic Children." In Optimization of Aerosol Drug Delivery, 149–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0267-6_9.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Hsieh, Way-Ming, Kong-Wei Cheng, and Shingjiang Jessie Lue. "Preparation and Characterization of ZnS Thin Films Using Chemical Bath Deposition Method: Effects of Deposition Time and Thermal Treatment." In Supplemental Proceedings, 43–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062142.ch5.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Cherkia, Hemant, Sasmita Kar, Sudhansu Sekhar Singh, and Ashutosh Satpathy. "Fused Deposition Modelling and Parametric Optimization of ABS-M30." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1307-7_1.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath":

1

Houf, William G. "SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF LOW PRESSURE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION BATCH FURNACES FOR MICROELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING." In International Heat Transfer Conference 11. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc11.180.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Pfeffer, Markus, Richard Oechsner, Lothar Pfitzner, Heiner Ryssel, Berthold Ocker, and Patrick Verdonck. "Performance Optimization of Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment by the Application of Discrete Event Simulation." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49274.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities (wafer fabs) are amongst the most complex production facilities. State-of-the-art wafer fabs comprise a large product variety, hundreds of processing steps per product, almost hundreds of machines of different types, and automated transportation systems combined with reentrant flows throughout the fab. In addition to the high complexity, wafer fabs require very high capital investment and an undisturbed operation. Semiconductor manufacturers are facing fierce competition as more global capacity is being added. Through this intense competition, semiconductor manufacturers have to improve their processes from a technological as well as from a logistical point of view in order to be successful within the global market. The logistics not only involves fab wide optimization strategies but also the individual equipment performance, for example cycle time and throughput, has to be considered. In this paper, the need for performance optimization of semiconductor manufacturing equipment is identified and the capability of discrete event simulation for such optimizations is being elaborated. Characteristics of different types of simulation models are described and the simulation model selection is explained. For case studies, several simulation models of different semiconductor manufacturing equipment have been developed. Using five examples, different optimization strategies, dependent on the application of the semiconductor manufacturing equipment, have been investigated by discrete event simulation. The paper shows the influence of the integration of metrology into deposition equipment, the impact of different batch sizes for oxidation processes, and the optimized dimensioning of photolithography equipment. Furthermore, the throughput and cycle time of different deposition equipment are optimized by the evaluation of various improvement strategies. All investigations have been performed with real data extracted from already utilized equipment or at least with data from the equipment suppliers of prototype equipment.
3

G., Deshmukh S., Panchal A. K., and Kheraj Vipul. "Chemical bath deposition of Cu3BiS3 thin films." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2015): Proceeding of International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4946073.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Atourki, Lahoucine, Khalid Bouabid, Ahmed Ihlal, El hassane Ihalane, Youssef Amira, Abdeslam Elfanaoui, Hassan Kirou, Abdelkader Outzourhit, and Xavier Portier. "In2S3 buffer layer prepared by chemical bath deposition." In 2014 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2014.7059864.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
5

Rekha, S., and K. N. Srinvasan. "A novel eco-friendly bath for electroless copper deposition." In 2011 International Conference on Green Technology and Environmental Conservation (GTEC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtec.2011.6167666.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
6

Wug-Dong Park. "Nanocrystalline CdS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition." In 2006 IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmdc.2006.4388816.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
7

Shrotriya, Vipin, and P. Rajaram. "Nanocrystalline CuInSSe thin films by chemical bath deposition technique." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2015): Proceeding of International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4946223.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
8

Cheung, William, Salvador Montes, Erik Sousa, Liangmin Zhang, Ivan O. Mondragon, Anthony Linares-Garcia, David Bishel, Joseph Mini, and Lifeng Dong. "Deposition of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide thin films using chemical bath deposition technique." In Quantum Dots and Nanostructures: Growth, Characterization, and Modeling XV, edited by Diana L. Huffaker and Holger Eisele. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2309748.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
9

Vijayaprasath, G., G. Ravi, M. Arivanandhan, and Y. Hayakawa. "Effect of deposition time on the chemical bath deposition method of ZnO thin films." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIAL SCIENCE: RAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810333.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
10

Min, Wenbo, Sheng Yang, Ying Zhang, and Yaoyao Fiona Zhao. "A Comparative Study of Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes for Elevated Sustainability." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97436.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Abstract Metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes have gone through a compound growth over the past decade, and the technology is widely applied in industries like aerospace, automobile and bio-medical fields. There is an increasing need to understand and improve its sustainability given the high profile of existing environmental challenges. This paper aims at developing a precise comparative model for the three major metal AM processes (including Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), Electron Beam Melting (EBM), and Direct Energy Deposition (DED)) with respect to environmental performance assessment with a future goal of providing closed-loop feedbacks for design optimization with elevated sustainability. To improve the precision of previously reported models, new factors including embodied impacts of machine and recycled powder, operation patterns, system lifespan and batch size, are considered. A topologically optimized rocket bracket made of Ti6Al4V is used as an example to investigate the environmental performance of the three processes. The results showed that given the same design solution, the EBM had the lowest environmental impacts for low batch size, while the DED excelled at production efficiency.

Звіти організацій з теми "Optimization of the deposition bath":

1

Monzo, Ellen, Tashi Parsons-Moss, Victoria Genetti, and Kimberly Knight. Optimization of Uranium Molecular Deposition for Alpha-Counting Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1346136.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
2

Knisely, Katherine. LDRD 191204: Optimization of Sputtered Aluminum Nitride for the Seeding of Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Gallium Nitride Films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474019.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
3

Newman, A., P. S. Krishnaprasad, S. Ponczak, and P. Brabant. Modeling and Model Reduction for Control and Optimization of Epitaxial Growth in a Commercial Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441006.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
4

Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert, and Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

Повний текст джерела
Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.
Анотація:
Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.

До бібліографії