Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Précipitations (météorologie) – Régions tropicales"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Précipitations (météorologie) – Régions tropicales":
Millet, A., T. Bariac, C. Grimaldi, M. Grimaldi, P. Hubert, H. Molicova, and J. Boulegue. "Influence de la déforestation sur le fonctionnement hydrologique de petits bassins versants tropicaux." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705297ar.
LEROUX, Marcel. "Commentaire sur « Anomalies de température de surface de la mer et précipitations tropicales ; synthèse de quelques travaux récents portant sur les précipitations au Sahel et dans le Nordeste » de B. Fontaine, S. Janicot, V. Moron, P. Roucou et S. Trzaska (La Météorologie 8e série, n° 23, septembre 1998, 14-35)." La Météorologie 8, no. 25 (1999): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/47066.
Дисертації з теми "Précipitations (météorologie) – Régions tropicales":
Kacimi, Sahra. "Contribution à la restitution des précipitations tropicales par radiométrie micro-ondes : préparation à la mission Megha-Tropiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0064.
Within the framework of the global warming, the analysis of water and energy budget is of major importance. Considering the Megha-Tropiques (MT) mission whose one of the scientific objectives is to improve the knowledge of water and energy cycle in the intertropical region, the estimation of instantaneous surface rainfall is of the great importance. My PhD work focuses on the optimization of a multi-region, the estimation of instantaneous surface rainfall is of great importance. My PhD work focuses on the optimization of a multi-plateform Bayesian retrieval algorithm called BRAIN (Bayesian Retrieval Algorithm Including Neural Networks) (Viltard et al. , 2006) used for MT. This algorithm uses passive microwave data from satellites such as TRMM, SSM/I and AQUA. It uses a Bayesian Monte Carlo approach to retrieve several atmospheric parameters such as the instantaneous rainfall rate. In order to get a more accurate rainfall restitution, two research axes were investigated : the detection of a priori rainy areas that takes place before the rainfall estimation itself, and the impact of the database and inversion parameters. First, the database on which the algorithm relies needs to be more representative especially as far as high rain rates are concerned. To improve the representativeness of the inversion database, we need first to eliminate repetitive profiles, that is to say extract prototypes from it. To be made, we use Self Organizing Maps SO%s developed by T. Kohonen (2001). Second, the improvement of the rainy-non-rainy pixels classification before the inversion was made using neural networks
Nzeukou, Takougang Armand Cyrille. "Variabilité spatiale à moyenne échelle des conditions de propagation des micro-ondes dans les précipitations." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30011.
Saint-Lu, Marion. "Étude des liens entre les événements El Niño et le cycle hydrologique des régions tropicales dans différents contextes climatiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV028/document.
Interannual variability in the tropical Pacific is mainly modulated by the El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Understanding the time evolution of this phenomenon is a major issue, given its strong impacts on health andeconomics. Studying the ENSO variability in different climatic contexts allows us to understand its links to themean-state. We use climatic simulations of the mid-Holocene (6,000 years and 4,000 years before present),the last glacial maximum (21,000 years before present) and a theoretical climate with atmospheric carbondioxyde multiplied by four, computed with several numerical models. We show that ENSO characteristics aresignificantly different in the different climatic contexts. The links between these differences and the climatemean-state are numerous and non linear. Studying paleoclimates is then necessary to understand ENSOchanges and to be able to project its future evolution. Some of the past archives that are used to reconstructthe paleo-ENSO are located in the southwest Pacific, under the influence of the south Pacific convergencezone (SPCZ). We show that the impact of ENSO on the location of the SPCZ changes with the climate.This determines how to interpret archives’ records. Thus, the mechanisms linking ENSO to the SPCZ in themodern climate cannot be directly extrapolated to other climates. By combining information from models andarchives, we are able to improve our understanding on the variability changes in the southwest Pacific. Finally,we address the ENSO change with a new vision, through its role within the global energetic budget. Accordingto the IPSL-CM5A-LR model, the relative contribution of El Niño events to the global energy redistribution isreduced in the mid-Holocene, compared to the modern climate. The mean capacity of the tropical Pacific toexport its energy is reduced. Therefore, the global heat pump represented by the tropical Pacific is less powerfulin the mid-Holocene, both by its reduced capacity to export energy and by the reduced El Niño contribution.This result suggests that there is consistency between the ENSO change and the role of heat pump played bythe tropical Pacific
Garot, Thomas. "Relation Convection-Environnement dans la troposphère tropicale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV116/document.
The complexity of the climate depends largely on the water cycle. In the tropics, atmosphericwater is a key parameter, 60% of global rainfall occurs in the tropics. The understandingof the atmospheric water cycle on a global scale need to use satellite observations. The Indo-French satellite Megha-Tropiques, launched in 2011, allows to study for the _rst time simultaneous observations from moisture and rain. The _rst part of the thesis is the study of the impact of a hurricane on its environment. For this, a case study was selected (Typhoon Bopha) and a diagnosis was performed to study the production / consumption of moisture and heat in the typhoon. The second part of the thesis is the study of the relationshipbetween clouds and humidity in the upper troposphere. This study was conducted over the Indian Ocean (between 2011 and 2014) and over the Sahel (between 2012 and 2015)
Guilloteau, Clément. "Approche physico-statistique de la désagrégation des précipitations satellite dans les Tropiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30216/document.
Rainfall variability involves a wide range of scales: from the millimeter-scale associated with microphysics to the synoptic scale of the global atmospheric circulation. No existing observation system is able to cover all these scales by itself. Satellite-based observation systems are currently the most efficient systems to resolve the large spatial and temporal scales: from mesoscale meteorology to the synoptic scale. This thesis is dedicated to the exploration of satellites ability to resolve spatial scales from 100km to 2km and temporal scales from 24h to 15 min (in order to resolve the diurnal cycle). The chosen approach is both physical and statistical (or deterministic and probabilistic). The idea is that the deterministic approach can resolve the large scales, but several factors limit its relevance when dealing with fine scales: -The limited resolution of the instruments. -The number of orbiting instruments that limits temporal sampling. -The dynamic nature of fine scale variability. At fines scales, most of the errors in rainfall estimation from satellite comes from not perfectly localizing the precipitating cells. The first objective of this thesis is to identify precisely the lowest limit in scale where the deterministic approach is appropriate. The implementation of the physical-statistical approach relies on an existing multisensor estimate of daily precipitation at a 1° resolution: the TAPEER algorithm developed as part of the Megha-Tropiques mission. The chosen method is a hybrid physical disaggregation and stochastic downscaling via a multiscale representation. The result is an ensemble of high-resolution probable realizations of the rain intensity field. The ensemble is constrained by a high resolution rain detection mask derived from meteosat-SG infrared images at 3km resolution (one image every 15 minutes). The uncertainty associated with the final estimation is handled through the ensemble dispersion. Every realization is generated so that its statistical properties (frequency distribution of the intensities, autocorrelation function) mimic those of the true rain field. The generated fields and the proposed technique contribute to hydrological applications for instance by improving the runoff associated to high precipitation rates in models. Using several realizations is a way to study uncertainty propagation through a model
Duvel, Jean-Philippe. "Climatologie des fluctuations atmospheriques aux courtes echelles de temps : analyse satellitaire des variations diurnes et des modulations quasi-periodiques (3-5 jours) de la convection tropicale sur l'afrique et l'atlantique." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066682.
Dieppois, Bastien. "Etude par analyses spectrales de l'instabilité spatio-temporelle des téléconnexions basse-fréquences entre les fluctuations globales du secteur Atlantique et les climats de l'Europe du NW (1700-2010) et du Sahel ouest-africain (1900-2010)." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843683.
Moupfouma, Fidèle. "Etude des précipitations et de leurs effets sur les liaisons hertziennes en visibilité et par satellite dans les régions tropicales." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132007.
Fiolleau, Thomas. "Cycle de vie des systèmes convectifs de mousson dans les régions tropicales: préparation à la mission Megha-Tropiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00576870.
Kebe, Cheikh Mouhamed Fadel. "Relation entre les intégrales spatio-temporelles de la couverture nuageuse et la pluie au sol aux latitudes tropicales : implications pour la mesure des précipitations depuis l'espace." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30266.