Готові списки джерел за темами / Sinking rivers

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Sinking rivers"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 12 червня 2021

Оновлено: 2 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Sinking rivers":

Bormans, Myriam, Phillip W. Ford, Larelle Fabbro, and Gary Hancock. "Onset and persistence of cyanobacterial blooms in a large impounded tropical river, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03045.

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The dynamic interplay between physical, chemical and biological factors in the development and persistence of cyanobacterial blooms in impounded rivers is an important topic. Over a 3-year study period, variable climatic conditions were recorded in the Fitzroy River, Queensland, Australia, which is a typical, impounded lowland tropical river. Post-flood turbidity reduced the available light in the well-mixed water column to levels insufficient for cyanobacterial growth. Only when the water column stratified and the slowly sinking particles dropped from the surface layer did the ratio of surface mixed layer depth to euphotic depth approach 1, allowing cyanobacterial growth. By the time the light climate became favorable, most of the dissolved nutrients had been scavenged from the water column by settling particles or sequestered by fringing macrophytes and other biogeochemical processes. Cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii persisted for several months until the next flood flushed the system. The cyanobacterial species dominating that environment were very small and had high specific phosphorus uptake rates. Their nutrient requirement was met by transfer across the oxycline driven by regular high wind mixing events, entraining nutrient-rich bottom waters. Nutrient fluxes from the sediments into the anoxic bottom layer were sufficient to replace the bottom nutrients lost to the surface layer.

Lee, Cindy. "Passing the Baton to the Next Generation: A Few Problems That Need Solving." Annual Review of Marine Science 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095342.

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This is a personal account of some of the people and factors that were important in my career in chemical oceanography. I also discuss two areas of oceanographic research and training that I think need more attention. The first is how the difficulty in getting appropriate samples hampers our ability to fully understand biogeochemical processes in the sea. I have worked on dissolved materials, suspended and sinking particles, and sediments in lakes, oceans, rivers, and aerosols. Sample collection problems affect all those areas, although to different degrees. Second, I discuss a few of the issues that I most worry about with regard to graduate education in oceanography, among them an apparent decrease over the past several decades in the ability of many beginning students to write clearly and think logically.

Toro-Escobar, Carlos, Richard Voigt, Bruce Melville, Meng Chiew, and Gary Parker. "Riprap Performance at Bridge Piers Under Mobile-Bed Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1647, no. 1 (January 1998): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1647-04.

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Design criteria for riprap at bridge piers in rivers is based on the specification of a size, gradation, and cover that does not fail under an appropriately chosen flood flow. Experimental tests of riprap performance at bridge piers to date have relied on a configuration for which the ambient bed is not mobilized, that is, clear-water conditions. In the field, however, riprap is, as a rule, subjected to mobile-bed conditions during floods. Recent experiments by three cooperating research groups (University of Auckland, Nanyang University, and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory) indicate a heretofore unrecognized mechanism for riprap failure under mobile-bed conditions. When the flow is in the dune regime, the passage of successive dunes causes riprap that is never directly entrained by the flow to sink and disperse. Pier scour is realized as a consequence of these processes. In some cases, the depth of scour realized is not significantly less than that which would occur without riprap. When the riprap is fully underlain by a geotextile, edge effects can cause local removal of riprap, upturning of the geotextile, and general failure. When the riprap is underlain by a partial geotextile (i.e., one that covers an area less than the riprap), edge scour causes local sinking that anchors the geotextile. The sinking and dispersion of the rest of the riprap are greatly limited, and the riprap fails only when flow velocities are sufficient for direct entrainment. The experiments suggest improved design criteria for the installation of riprap in the field.

Gaye, B., M. G. Wiesner, and N. Lahajnar. "Nitrogen sources in the South China Sea, as discerned from stable nitrogen isotopic ratios in rivers, sinking particles, and sediments." Marine Chemistry 114, no. 3-4 (May 2009): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.04.003.

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Adel, Miah M. "The background state leading to arsenic contamination of Bengal Basin groundwater." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.053.

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The Bengal basin has the world's densest water diversion constructions on the natural courses of rivers. The most damaging water diversion construction is the Farakka Barrage upon the international River Ganges. The diversion of water through this barrage and other constructions upstream of it has reduced the Ganges flow rate by 2.5 times. The resulting downstream effects are the depletion of surface water resources, more withdrawal than recharge of groundwater, sinking groundwater table, spread in depth and extension of the vadose zone, changes in surface features, climatic changes, etc. An investigation was carried out to find the contributions of water diversion to the arsenic contamination of groundwater in the Bengal basin. The reasonable scenario for arsenic contamination is the oxygen deficiency in groundwater and aeration of arsenopyrites buried in the sediment that would remain under water prior to 1975. The mineral forms water-soluble compounds of arsenic when react with atmospheric oxygen. These soluble arsenic compounds infiltrates to the groundwater. This article summarizes the short-time and incomplete study-based quick conclusions reached by investigators that have totally avoided the vital issue of water diversion. It then shows the depleting condition of the water resources under continuing diversions, the generation of favorable condition for arsenic release, the reasons for low sulfur concentration, the reason for first contamination in the Hugly basin, and the hindrance to water's self-purification. The articles advocates that the restoration of the virgin wetland ecosystems in the Bengal basin following the stoppage of the inordinate amount of unilateral upstream water withdrawals can remove the catastrophe.

Kumar, S., R. Ramesh, N. B. Bhosle, S. Sardesai, and M. S. Sheshshayee. "Natural isotopic composition of nitrogen in suspended particulate matter in the Bay of Bengal." Biogeosciences 1, no. 1 (October 14, 2004): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-1-63-2004.

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Abstract. We present the first measurement of nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) in suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the surface Bay of Bengal (BOB) at 24 different locations during pre- (April–May 2003) and post- (September–October 2002) monsoon seasons. The δ15N of particulate organic nitrogen (PON) in surface suspended matter of coastal as well as northern open BOB shows signatures of a two end-member mixing between continental inputs and marine sources. Dilution by the organic and detrital continental material brought in by rivers leads to consistently lower δ15N, evident from the relationship between surface salinity and δ15N. δ15N of surface PON of open ocean locations during both seasons, and also at coastal locations during pre-monsoon suggest the nitrate from deeper waters as a predominant source of nutrient for planktons. The depth profiles of δ15N of SPM during pre-monsoon season at nine different locations are also presented. These indicate an increase in δ15N by a maximum of 2.8‰ between euphotic depth and 300 m, which is lower than that observed in the eastern Indian Ocean, indicating the role of higher sinking rates of particles ballasted by aggregates of organic and mineral matter in BOB.

Kumar, S., R. Ramesh, N. B. Bhosle, S. Sardesai, and M. S. Sheshshayee. "Natural isotopic composition of nitrogen in suspended particulate matter in the Bay of Bengal." Biogeosciences Discussions 1, no. 1 (June 4, 2004): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-1-87-2004.

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Hubbitdinova, Nerkes. "Artistic and Aesthetic Representation of the Mythological Image of the Water Damosel in the Bashkir Folk Epic (on the Material of the Epics “Akbuzatˮ and “Zayatulyak and Khyuhyluˮ)". Philology & Human, № 2 (21 липня 2021): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2021)2-12.

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Using the Bashkir epics “Akbuzatˮ and “Zayatulyk and Khyukhyluˮ, the article examines the mythical image of the water damosel – khaukhylu, which has significant artistic and aesthetic functions. This image takes a special place in the mythology of all peoples and in ancient sacred beliefs. Due to the fact that after the adoption of Christianity / Islam among the peoples, all the once sacred, pagan deities – the keepers of rivers and lakes, mountains and natural boundaries, forests and fields, as well as the ones connected with home, were endowed with a negative characteristic and began to be represented as an evil spirit. Such a fate was waiting for, for example, the traditional hero Baba Yaga – Yashchura, raised to the rank of a positive character, deified by the canon of the ancient Slavs, she was the keeper of the clan, its traditions and customs. Accordingly, after the adoption of Christianity, Yashchura took on that negative, pernicious character known to us from Slavic folk tales and folkloric accounts. As E.V. Pomerantsev correctly states, in the artistic and aesthetic sense in mythological legends and folkloric accounts there are always similar motives of “sudden meetingˮ, “sinking into the underwater kingdomˮ, “awards of the water kingˮ, “... the marriage of a hero in the underwater kingdomˮ, etc. In the Bashkir epic monuments observed in the article, these motives are strictly traced and successfully actualized.

Gilfillan, Dennis, Timothy A. Joyner, and Phillip Scheuerman. "Maxent estimation of aquaticEscherichia colistream impairment." PeerJ 6 (September 13, 2018): e5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5610.

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BackgroundThe leading cause of surface water impairment in United States’ rivers and streams is pathogen contamination. Although use of fecal indicators has reduced human health risk, current approaches to identify and reduce exposure can be improved. One important knowledge gap within exposure assessment is characterization of complex fate and transport processes of fecal pollution. Novel modeling processes can inform watershed decision-making to improve exposure assessment.MethodsWe used the ecological model, Maxent, and the fecal indicator bacteriumEscherichia colito identify environmental factors associated with surface water impairment.Samples were collected August, November, February, and May for 8 years on Sinking Creek in Northeast Tennessee and analyzed for 10 water quality parameters andE. coliconcentrations. Univariate and multivariate models estimated probability of impairment given the water quality parameters. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUC) and prediction accuracy, defined as the model’s ability to predict both true positives (impairment) and true negatives (compliance). Univariate models generated action values, or environmental thresholds, to indicate potentialE. coliimpairment based on a single parameter. Multivariate models predicted probability of impairment given a suite of environmental variables, and jack-knife sensitivity analysis removed unresponsive variables to elicit a set of the most responsive parameters.ResultsWater temperature univariate models performed best as indicated by AUC, but alkalinity models were the most accurate at correctly classifying impairment. Sensitivity analysis revealed that models were most sensitive to removal of specific conductance. Other sensitive variables included water temperature, dissolved oxygen, discharge, and NO3. The removal of dissolved oxygen improved model performance based on testing AUC, justifying development of two optimized multivariate models; a 5-variable model including all sensitive parameters, and a 4-variable model that excluded dissolved oxygen.DiscussionResults suggest thatE. coliimpairment in Sinking Creek is influenced by seasonality and agricultural run-off, stressing the need for multi-month sampling along a stream continuum. Although discharge was not predictive ofE. coliimpairment alone, its interactive effect stresses the importance of both flow dependent and independent processes associated withE. coliimpairment.This research also highlights the interactions between nutrient and fecal pollution, a key consideration for watersheds with multiple synergistic impairments. Although one indicator cannot mimic theplethora of existing pathogens in water, incorporating modeling can fine tune an indicator’s utility, providing information concerning fate, transport, and source of fecal pollution while prioritizing resources and increasing confidence in decision making.

Kausarian, Husnul, Batara Batara, and Dewandra Bagus Eka Putra. "The Phenomena of Flood Caused by the Seawater Tidal and its Solution for the Rapid-growth City: A case study in Dumai City, Riau Province, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.01.1221.

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A strategic city located on the northern coast of Sumatera Island known as Dumai City. This city is a growth and industrial city that always increase everyday economically. This city faces the flood problem that not only from the excess water from the rain, but also from the phenomena of seawater tidal. The tidal should not reach the mainland for the ideal situation, but the urbanization and development problem made it happen. Field observation and satellite data analysis shows the problem that happened in this city, also find out the solution how to make the seawater tidal will not being the flood when it occurs. The flood caused by the inadequate drainage condition is exacerbated by the low awareness of people who still do not maintain cleanliness, a lot of garbage that accumulates in the drainage causing the process of water flow to be inhibited. Geologically, the base rock of Dumai City consists of sand and peat which logically is a good system to absorb water because sand and peat are materials that have high porosity. Topographically, the city of Dumai is at an average height of three meters above sea level, so in fact, this city could be spared from the flood caused by the tide when it occurs. The solutions that can be proposed for this city are making the rivers being clean with normalization, well-designed drainage, Watergate and making an artificial lake for sinking the tidal seawater.

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Дисертації з теми "Sinking rivers":

Schlegel, Anne. "Composition of Suspended and Benthic Particulate Matter in the Tidal Freshwater James River." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2591.

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Investigating linkages between the compositions of suspended (seston) and benthic particulate matter is important to the understanding of organic matter (OM) cycling and nutrient retention in aquatic systems. We compared the quantity and quality of the truly suspended (TS) and settleable (SB) fractions of seston as well as benthic particulate matter in the tidal freshwater James River, Virginia. The mass of seston and OM was consistently higher in the TS fraction compared to the SB fraction. OM was preferentially retained in the TS fraction relative to seston. The proportional contribution of OM constituents (chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen) to the two fractions was consistent across observed concentrations whereas increases in seston concentration resulted in decreased proportions in the TS fraction. Benthic constituent reservoirs were large relative to the SB fraction but the higher proportion of OM in the SB fraction suggests that the settleable material was more labile.

Hay, Anne Persida. "Physical and metaphysical zones of transition : comparative themes in Hittite and Greek Karst landscapes in the Late Bronze and Early Iron ages." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27463.

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English, Afrikaans and Zulu summaries
While there is increasing interest in the effect of landscape on ancient imagination, less attention has been paid to the impact of restless karst hydrology on ancient beliefs. By identifying shared themes, this study compares and contrasts the way Hittites and Aegean people in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages reshaped peripheral karst landscapes into physical and imagined transitional zones. Karst geology underpins much of the Aegean and Anatolian landscape, allowing subterranean zones to be visible and accessible above ground via caves, springs, sinking streams, sinkholes and other unusual natural formations. In both cultures, certain dynamic landscapes were considered to be sacred porous points where deities, daemons, heroes and mortals could transit between cosmic realms. Evidence suggests that Hittites and Aegean people interpreted dramatic karst landscapes as liminal thresholds and spaces situated between the world of humans and the world of deities. Part One investigates physical zones of transition via the karst ecosystems of rural sanctuaries. Part Two considers the creative interpretation in myth and iconography of karst phenomena into metaphysical zones of transition. The examples reveal the way in which Hittites and Aegean people built their concept of the sacred on the extraordinary characteristics of karst geology. Numinous karst landscapes provided validity and a familiar reference point for the creation of imagined worlds where mortal and divine could connect.
Vandag is daar toenemende belangstelling in die effek van die landskap op die verbeelding van die mensdom in die oudheid - maar minder aandag word bestee aan die impak van die rustelose karst landskap op die mens se gelowigheid in die oudheid. Deur die identifisering van sekere gemene temas, vergelyk hierdie verhandeling die manier waarop die Hetiete en die Egeïese volkere in die Laat Brons- en vroeë Ystertydperke die omliggende karstlandskap herskep het in fisiese en denkbeeldige oorgangszones. Die Egeïese en Anatoliese landskap bestaan grotendeels uit karst geologie, met tot gevolg dat ondergrondse zones bo die grond sigbaar en toeganklik is in die vorm van grotte, bronne, sinkgate en ander uitsonderlike natuurlike formasies. In beide bogenoemde kulture is sekere landskapstonele beskou as heilige en poreuse punte waar gode, demone, helde en sterwelinge tussen die kosmiese zones kon beweeg. Die getuienis van die tyd suggereer dat die Hetiete en die Egeïese volkere die dramatiese karst landskappe as grense of drempels tussen hulle wêreld en dié van die gode beskou het. Deel Een ondersoek die fisiese oorgangszones deur te kyk na die karst ecostelsels waarin plattelandse heiligdomme hulle bevind het. Deel Twee beskou die kreatiewe gebruik van karst verskynsels as voorstellings van metafisiese oorgangszones in die gekrewe bronne en ikonografie. Die geselekteerde voorbeelde dui aan die manier waarop die Hetiete en Egeïese volke hulle konsepte van heiligdom gebaseer het op die buitengewone verskynsels van karst geologie. Numineuse karst landskappe het hulle idees gestaaf en ‘n bekende verwysingspunt uitgemaak waar die menslike en die goddelike met mekaar in kontak kon kom.
Ngenkathi intshisekelo ekhulayo yethonya lokwakheka komhlaba emcabangweni wasendulo, kunakwe kancane umthelela we-karst hydrology engenazinkolelo ezinkolelweni zasendulo. Ngokukhomba izingqikithi okwabelwana ngazo, lo mqondo uqhathanisa futhi uqhathanise indlela amaHeti nabantu base-Aegean kweLate Bronze kanye ne-Early Iron Ages abuye abuye abumbe kabusha imigwaqo ye-karst yomngcele ibe yizingxenye zesikhashana zomzimba nezicatshangwe. I-Karst geology isekela kakhulu indawo yezwe i-Aegean ne-Anatolian evumela ukuthi izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba zibonakale futhi zifinyeleleke ngaphezu komhlaba ngemigede, iziphethu, imifudlana ecwilayo, imigodi yokushona nokunye ukwakheka okungokwemvelo okungajwayelekile. Kuwo womabili amasiko izindawo ezithile eziguqukayo zazithathwa njengezindawo ezingcwele zokungena lapho onkulunkulu, amademoni, amaqhawe nabantu abafayo bengadlula phakathi kwezindawo zomhlaba. Ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi amaHeti nabantu base-Aegean bahumusha imidwebo emangazayo yekarst njengemikhawulo yemikhawulo nezikhala eziphakathi komhlaba wabantu nezwe lonkulunkulu. Ingxenye yokuqala iphenya izindawo eziguqukayo zomzimba ngokusebenzisa imvelo ye-karst yezindawo ezingcwele zasemakhaya. Ingxenye Yesibili ibheka ukutolikwa kokudala kunganekwane nakwizithonjana zezinto ze-karst kube izingxenye eziguqukayo zenguquko. Izibonelo ziveza indlela abantu abangamaHeti nabantu base- Aegean abawakha ngayo umqondo wabo ongcwele ngezimpawu ezingavamile ze-karst geology. Amathafa amahle we-karst ahlinzeka ngokusebenza kanye nephuzu elijwayelekile lesethenjwa lokwakhiwa kwamazwe acatshangelwe lapho abantu abafayo nabaphezulu bangaxhuma khona.
Biblical and Ancient Studies
M. A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)

Книги з теми "Sinking rivers":

Canada, Transportation Safety Board of. Sinking and loss of life, amphibious passenger vehicle Lady Duck, Ottawa River, near Hull Marina, Gatineau, Québec, 23 June 2002. [Gatineau, Québec]: Transportation Safety Board of Canada, 2004.

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Konstam, Angus, and Tony Bryan. River Plate 1939: The Sinking of the Graf Spee. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016.

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Behera, Swadhin, and Toshio Yamagata. Climate Dynamics of ENSO Modoki Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.612.

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The El Niño Modoki/La Niña Modoki (ENSO Modoki) is a newly acknowledged face of ocean-atmosphere coupled variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with the El Niño Modoki are different from that of canonical El Niño, which is extensively studied for its dynamics and worldwide impacts. A typical El Niño event is marked by a warm anomaly of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Because of the associated changes in the surface winds and the weakening of coastal upwelling, the coasts of South America suffer from widespread fish mortality during the event. Quite opposite of this characteristic change in the ocean condition, cold SST anomalies prevail in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the El Niño Modoki events, but with the warm anomalies intensified in the central Pacific. The boreal winter condition of 2004 is a typical example of such an event, when a tripole pattern is noticed in the SST anomalies; warm central Pacific flanked by cold eastern and western regions. The SST anomalies are coupled to a double cell in anomalous Walker circulation with rising motion in the central parts and sinking motion on both sides of the basin. This is again a different feature compared to the well-known single-cell anomalous Walker circulation during El Niños. La Niña Modoki is the opposite phase of the El Niño Modoki, when a cold central Pacific is flanked by warm anomalies on both sides.The Modoki events are seen to peak in both boreal summer and winter and hence are not seasonally phase-locked to a single seasonal cycle like El Niño/La Niña events. Because of this distinction in the seasonality, the teleconnection arising from these events will vary between the seasons as teleconnection path will vary depending on the prevailing seasonal mean conditions in the atmosphere. Moreover, the Modoki El Niño/La Niña impacts over regions such as the western coast of the United States, the Far East including Japan, Australia, and southern Africa, etc., are opposite to those of the canonical El Niño/La Niña. For example, the western coasts of the United States suffer from severe droughts during El Niño Modoki, whereas those regions are quite wet during El Niño. The influences of Modoki events are also seen in tropical cyclogenesis, stratosphere warming of the Southern Hemisphere, ocean primary productivity, river discharges, sea level variations, etc. A remarkable feature associated with Modoki events is the decadal flattening of the equatorial thermocline and weakening of zonal thermal gradient. The associated ocean-atmosphere conditions have caused frequent and persistent developments of Modoki events in recent decades.

Частини книг з теми "Sinking rivers":

Islam, Md Nazrul, Md Al Amin, and Md Noman. "Management Challenges of Sinking of Oil Tanker at Shela Coastal River in Sundarbans Mangroves in Bangladesh." In Environmental Management of Marine Ecosystems, 323–41. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153933-13.

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Meur Mathieu, Le, Vo Le Phu, and Gratiot Nicolas. "What Is the Future of the Lower Mekong Basin Struggling against Human Activities? A Review." In River Deltas - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95010.

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The Mekong River (MR) is recognized the 12th biggest rivers in the world. The Mekong watershed is the biggest one in Southeast Asia (795,000 km2), is densely populated (70 million people), is considered as the most productive one in Southeast Asia and is economically essential to the region. However, nowadays, the Lower Mekong River (LMR) and its delta are facing several emerging and critical anthropogenic stressors (dams construction, climate change, water poor quality, delta sinking). This review attempts to: (i) present the Mekong regional characteristics (geography, topological settings, climatic conditions, hydrology, demographic features and the anthropogenic activities), (ii) present the different factors that endanger the LMR, including the dam’s impacts, the climate change, the delta subsidence, and the degradation of the water quality, (iii) make comparison with different big rivers around the world and (iv) promote future decisions in order to minimize the negative impacts and seek for a trajectory that assures well-being and sustainability. International consultation and cooperation leading to sustainable management is now of a pivotal importance to try to avoid the deterioration of the LMR and its delta.

Jurado, C. "Repairing a sinking bridge over Guadalquivir river." In Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges, 1384–87. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315189390-188.

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"Repairing a sinking bridge over Guadalquivir river." In Concrete Solutions, 145–50. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203864005-28.

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Jurado, C. "Repairing a sinking bridge over Guadalquivir river." In Concrete Solutions. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203864005.ch22.

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Bianchi, Thomas S. "Saving the Deltas." In Deltas and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764174.003.0011.

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Coastal deltas occupy only 1% of Earth’s land surface, yet they are home to 500 million people; this translates to a population density that is 10 times the world average. More amazing, these people all live within only 5 m of sea level! The importance of deltas for global agriculture cannot be overstated, as they are the “rice bowls” of the world, providing one of the major food staples for human populations. Unfortunately, many of these systems are threatened by sea-level rise and flooding in the future. In fact, most coastal plains around the world less than 1 m above sea level are under the threat of being drowned within the next century, something that has not happened at this rate over the past 7,000 years. This means that major cities like Shanghai, Dhaka, and Bangkok are currently threatened and, in most cases, have no viable plan to deal with this threat. A concrete scientific plan is needed to manage and sustain these dynamic systems, or many will be lost. Although the effects of climate change on coastal regions and issues of management response have been topics of concern for at least the last 20 years, other human drivers of environmental change that are specific to certain regions, primarily linked with population expansion, have made it difficult to develop comprehensive plans for coastlines. The northern portion of the Nile River Delta, whose fertile soil allowed Egypt to become one of the cradles of civilization, is tilting and sinking toward the Mediterranean Sea at an alarming rate. In the northeastern part of the delta, near the Suez Canal, the land is sinking by as much as 0.5 cm/yr. Recent studies show that the weight of river sediments accumulated over the centuries has resulted in enhanced subsidence of deltaic sediments. Subsidence is an inherent problem in all delta systems because of the high accumulation of sediments, which over time continue to settle, resulting in compaction and dewatering of these thick mud layers.

Jurado, C. "Lifting up a 270 meters length sinking bridge over Guadalquivir river in Alcalá del Río (Spain)." In Life-Cycle of Civil Engineering Systems, 1407–10. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17618-208.

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Orr, David W. "The Carbon Connection." In Down to the Wire. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393538.003.0011.

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Having seen pictures of the devastation did not prepare me for the reality of New Orleans. Mile after mile of wrecked houses, demolished cars, piles of debris, twisted and downed trees, and dried mud everywhere. We stopped every so often to look into abandoned houses in the 9th Ward and along the shore of Lake Pontchartrain to see things close up: mud lines on the walls, overturned furniture, moldy clothes still hanging in closets, broken toys, a lens from a pair of glasses . . . once cherished and useful objects rendered into junk. Each house had a red circle painted on the front to indicate the results of the search for bodies. Some houses showed the signs of desperation, such as holes punched through ceilings as people tried to escape rising water. The musty smell of decay was everywhere, overlaid with an oily stench. Despair hung like Spanish moss in the hot, dank July air. Ninety miles to the south, the Louisiana delta is rapidly sinking below the rising waters of the Gulf. This is no “natural” process but rather the result of decades of mismanagement of the lower Mississippi, which became federal policy after the great flood of 1927. Sediments that built the richest and most fecund wetlands in the world are now deposited off the continental shelf—part of an ill-conceived effort to tame the river. The result is that the remaining wetlands, starved for sediment, are both eroding and compacting, sinking below the water and perilously close to no return. Oil extraction has done most of the rest of the damage by crisscrossing the marshlands with channels that allow the intrusion of saltwater and storm surges. Wakes from boats have widened the original channels considerably, further unraveling the ecology of the region. The richest fishery in North America and a unique culture that once thrived in the delta are disappearing, and with them the buffer zone that protects New Orleans from hurricanes. “Every 2.7 miles of marsh grass,” in Mike Tidwell’s words, “absorbs a foot of a hurricane’s storm surge” (2003, p. 57).

Jurado, C. "Lifting up a 270 meters length sinking bridge over Guadalquivir River with the technique of Jet-Grouting." In Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems, 2334–37. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375175-312.

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Jurado, C. "Lifting up a 270 meter long sinking bridge over Guadalquivir River with the technique of jet-grouting." In Maintenance, Monitoring, Safety, Risk and Resilience of Bridges and Bridge Networks, 601. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207681-394.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Sinking rivers":

Ninov, Plamen, and Tzviatka Karagiozova. "MONITORING AND INVESTIGATION OF INTERMITTENT RIVERS IN BULGARIA." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.01.

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River flows could be defined according to their surface hydrologic stream duration as either perennial or temporary. Normally perennial streams flow throughout the year, while temporary streams lack surface flow for some periods of the year. Temporary streams are classified as intermittent or ephemeral. Intermittent streams flow in some periods as result of snowmelt and eventually elevated groundwater tables during the periods of increased precipitations. Intermittent streams are poorly represented in existing river monitoring programs in Bulgaria and seldom are objects of regular monitoring. Only in several gauging stations exist hydrological time series. Furthermore, intermittent and ephemeral streams are not adequately protected by current legislation and management strategies in Bulgaria and generally are neglected. The authors discuss the climatic, hydrological and soil conditions in different part of the country as the major factors determining their origin and distribution. Covering the whole territory of Bulgaria the authors identify four main types of intermittent streams as: 1) intermittent flows as result of Mediterranean climatic impact located in the southern part of the country; 2) sinking intermittent flows as result of specific geological and soil characteristics, 3) intermittent flows in large karst and loess areas and finally 4) the sinking flows in alluvium depositions mainly along the large mainstreams. Nevertheless, the limited number of gauging stations built up at these rivers some hydrological information is collected and statistical results are presented as duration curves of temporal rivers, hydrographs with seasonal characteristics etc. Intermittent streams have a hydrologic flow regime with very specific characteristics that place them as interact between land and water. Unfortunately, in Bulgaria there are poorly mapped, recognized, and protected but they have a critical influence on the ecological health of networks. There exists a strong need for new approaches to scientifically study, the structure and function of temporal streams. The construction of monitoring network for the regular registration of their hydrological regime is surely the first required step for their future detailed ingestions, use and protection.

Rubtsova, Svetlana, Svetlana Rubtsova, Iryna Agarkova-Lyakh, Iryna Agarkova-Lyakh, Natalya Lyamina, Natalya Lyamina, Aleksey Lyamin, and Aleksey Lyamin. "MODERN STATE AND DYNAMIC OF THE BEACHES OF KALAMITSKIY GULF IN THE WESTERN CRIMEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431569ae23.

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In 1980-th the average width of beaches of Kalamitskiy Gulf on the Western coast of Crimea was 40 m on accumulative part and 10 m on abrasion. Now they are reduced more than 2 times. Depletion of beaches, abrasion of coasts and erosion of underwater slope accompany these processes. Activation of mentioned processes is caused by deficit of beaches material due to intense anthropogenic impact on the coast. The main factors of human activity in that area are quarrying of sand and pebbles on the beaches; regulation of solid runoff of rivers; unwarranted hydrotechnical construction; dredging; pollution of sea waters and bottom sediment. Between natural factors the Black Sea level rise, sinking down of described coast, wind-wave conditions, beaches lithology and activation of extreme storms facilitate beaches reduction.

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Yuan, Min, Ping Guo, and Zhe Wang. "Sinking construction technology for large steel cofferdam in strong tide river part." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5775398.

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Jones, Cathleen E., Marc Simard, Amina Rangoonwala, Elijah Ramsey, David Bekaert, and Karen An. "OH, THAT SINKING FEELING: OBSERVATIONS OF LANDSCAPE CHANGE IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323169.

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Otremba, Frank, and José Antonio Romero Navarrete. "Analysis of the Capsizing of a Tanker in the Rhine River." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70488.

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River transportation conveys economic advantages to industry, when it is compared with road transportation. River vessels transport different types of cargoes that are critical for many industrial processes. Watercrafts can suffer different types of mishaps, including sinking and capsizing. The consequences of such events can be costly from the human and economic perspectives. In this context, a major economic consequence can be the closure of any navigation activities in this type of infrastructure. This situation was observed in the Rhine river in 2011, when a river tanker capsized and provoked the closure of the river for some weeks. Based upon the report of this accident, in this paper a simplified model is proposed to analyze such mishap, to reinforce the conclusions conveyed in the report about the contributing factors for this accident. In particular, the crucial effects associated to the dynamic interaction of the liquid cargo and the ship.

Yuehua Wang, Mingshan Zhang, and Hanfei Ding. "Research on the caisson sinking method of north anchorage of Taizhou Changjiang River highway bridge." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987715.

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Jurado, C. "Lifting up a 270 meters length sinking bridge over Guadalquivir River with the technique of Jet-Grouting." In The Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Engineering (IALCCE 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375175-343.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Sinking rivers":

Hicks, Julie, Laurin Yates, and Jackie Pettway. Mat Sinking Unit supply study : Mississippi River revetment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41867.

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The Mississippi Valley Division (MVD) has maintained the Mississippi River banks for over 80 years. The Mat Sinking Unit (MSU), built in 1946, was considered state-of-the-art at the time. This system is still in operation today and has placed over 1,000 miles of Articulated Concrete Mats along the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, LA, to Cairo, IL. A new MSU has been designed and is expected to be fully mission capable and operational by the 2023 season, which is expected to increase the productivity from 2,000 squares/day up to 8,000 squares/day with double shifts and optimal conditions. This MSU supply study identifies and optimizes the supply chain logistics for increased production rates from the mat fields to the MSU. The production rates investigated for this effort are 2,000 squares/day, 4,000 squares/day, and 6,000 squares/day. RiskyProject® software, which utilizes a Monte Carlo method to determine a range of durations, manpower, and supplies based on logical sequencing is used for this study. The study identifies several potential supply and demand issues with the increased daily production rates. Distance to casting fields, number of barges, and square availability are the major issues to supply increased placement rates identified by this study.