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1
PATROCINIO, PAULO ROBERTO TONANI DO. "BETWEEN THE SLUM AND THE GROUND: THE IMAGES OF THE SLUM IN BRAZILIAN CULTURAL SPEECHES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8987@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOQuais as modificações que os discursos sobre a favela sofreram ao longo do último século? Quais imagens das primeiras representações sobre a favela perduram até os dias atuais? De que forma o intelectual contemporâneo lida com a alteridade proveniente do sujeito marginalizado? A presente dissertação ensaia responder às questões acima arroladas. Para tanto, à análise das obras literárias e musicais é adicionada uma perspectiva que privilegie os atritos e aproximações entre os espaços marginais da cidade e o olhar do intelectual. Encontramos, assim, não uma única imagem da favela, mas uma pluralidade de visões, em grande parte, conflituantes. Guardadas as diferenças históricas, notamos tanto nas crônicas do início do século XX, como na ficção contemporânea, as dificuldades na elaboração desse Outro, ainda hoje, excluído dos aspectos formais da cidade.
How has the academic approach to Rio de Janeiro s slums changed over the years? What traits of the earlier portrayals are still present nowadays? How does the contemporary intellectual deal with the identity of the segregated individuals? This dissertation is aimed at providing possible answers to the above questions. For such, an analysis of literary and musical works has been coupled with a perspective prioritizing collisions and proximities regarding the city s secluded communities and the scholar´s viewpoint. Rather than a standardized image of the slum, we have thus come across a diversity of visions, most of which quite conflictive. Despite historical differences, we have also noticed that both in the chronicles of the twentieth century and in present-day fiction it is difficult to elaborate on this Other still being excluded from the formal aspects of the city.
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Duyar-Kienast, Umut. "The formation of gecekondu settlements in Turkey : the case of Ankara /." Münster : Lit, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014567587&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Повний текст джерела
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ROSA, ANNE BASTOS MARTINS. "SLUM TOURISM: REPRESENTATIONS, STIGMA AND POWER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30580@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO turismo de favela é uma modalidade que vem se expandindo com celeridade no mundo. Entretanto, poucas pesquisas foram conduzidas sobre o tema, em especial em relação à percepção do morador local que, na maioria das vezes, está distante dos processos de operacionalização e de venda do turismo em seu local de moradia. Trata-se, também, de prática baseada na assimetria de poder nas relações entre visitantes, visitados e agentes externos que exploram o turismo de favela. Estereótipos desfavoráveis cruzam-se no desenrolar do turismo de favela, que ocorre em local e em grupo social que são historicamente estigmatizados. O objetivo desse estudo é identificar se tais aspectos influenciam a percepção e o comportamento de moradores locais em relação ao turismo de favela. Quarenta e oito entrevistas, e observação sistematizada, foram conduzidas, entre setembro de 2015 e julho de 2016, nas favelas da Rocinha e Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro. Essas comunidades foram escolhidas porque que nelas o turismo de favela assume formatos diferentes. A análise, baseada em hermenêutica revelou que, em ambas as favelas, os moradores mostraram-se favoráveis ao turismo, mas com ressalvas em relação à sua exploração por agentes externos. Os relatos não sugeriram haver, por parte dos moradores, sentimentos de inferioridade nos encontros sociais com os turistas, a maioria de estrangeiros. Entretanto, na Rocinha, a maior parte dos entrevistados mostrou ressentimentos ao se sentirem invadidos e explorados por empresas de turismo estranhas à favela, confessando ter vergonha e inconformismo pela maneira como tais empresas procuram apresentar aos turistas muitos aspectos negativos, relacionados a estigmas de miséria e pobreza, mostrando deliberadamente a sujeira de valões de esgoto, a pobreza de moradores, emaranhados de fios de ligações clandestinas à rede elétrica e moradias precárias, assim desqualificando o local e seus moradores.
Favela tourism is an activity that has been expanding swiftly around the world. Despite this, little research has so far been conducted around this topic, especially in relation to the perception of the local resident, who, in most cases, stands apart from the processes of tourism implementation and sale in the area where he or she resides. The practice in question is also grounded in the power asymmetry that characterises relationships among the visitors, the visited and the external agents who benefit from favela tourism. Unflattering stereotypes are evoked as favela tourism takes place involving both areas and social groups historically stigmatised. The aim of this study is to identify whether such aspects have an impact on local residents perception and behaviour vis-à-vis favela tourism. Forty-eight interviews, as well as systematised observation, have been conducted between September, 2015 and July, 2016 at the favelas of Rocinha and Santa Marta, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These communities have been chosen because favela tourism takes different formats in them. The hermeneutics-based analysis has revealed that, in both favelas, residents take a favourable approach towards tourism, albeit with a few reservations to how it is explored by external agents. The accounts compiled do not indicate the presence of feelings of inferiority on the part of the residents during their social encounters with tourists, most of these from foreign countries. However, at Rocinha, most of the interviewees resent the feeling of invasiveness and exploitation by tourist companies with no connection to the favelas. These residents have confessed to feelings of shame and animosity towards the way in which these companies seek to introduce tourists to several negative aspects related to stigmas of poverty by deliberately pointing to the dirt building up over sewage channels, the poverty of residents, the mesh of illegal wiring connected to the electricity grid and the precariousness of homes, which contributes to the devaluation of both the area and its residents.
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Fyhr, Karl. "Participation in Upgrading of Informal Settlements : -a case study of the project “City In-situ Rehabilitation Scheme for Urban Poor Staying in Slums in City of Pune under BSUP, JNNURM”." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fyhr, Karl (2012). Participation in Upgrading of Informal Settlements -a case study of the project “City In-situ Rehabilitation Scheme for Urban Poor Staying in Slums in City of Pune under BSUP, JNNURM”. Fyhr is a student at Human Geography Department at Stockholm University. This thesis for the course Urban and Regional Planning has been supervised by Andrew Byerley. The aim is to put the participatory approach of slum upgrading in context of rationality. What are different stakeholders approaches towards participatory planning? Are there any potential conflicts of interests with the participation approach used in the Yerwada project? Who are actually participating in real practice? How can different ways of rational thinking be explained in the questions above? This thesis is based on a 10 weeks MFS-study in India. The methodology is a case- study of a slum-upgrading project in Yerwada slum located in the city of Pune. Focus is on different rationalities which are embedded in the project. Two main rationalities are identified, the professionals’ rationality contra the beneficiaries. A clash between the two rationalities can be identified. This clash can be reduced by influence of NGOs and CBOs cooperating with authorities and building a bridge between professionals and the urban poor. Key words: Yerwada, slum- upgrading, informal settlements, rationality, urban- poor, power, SPARC.
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Arvidsson, Christina. "Empowerment of Women through a Colourful slum-project : A case of the slum-upgrading project in Kampung Tridi of Indonesia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to evaluate if a slum-upgrading project in 2016 in Malang, Indonesia lead to empowerment of the women living in the neighbourhood. The study uses the concept of Empowerment by Naila Kabeer as a theoretical lens and focuses on women’s resources, agency and achievement after the project was carried out. The study was conducted as a Minor Field Study, which relied mainly on semi-structured interviews, which were complemented with personal observation. The respondents were selected purposively: meaning only those who participated in the painting project. The study findings are limited to the case explored and do not thus aim to a generalization on other projects in Indonesia. Findings are however informative for similar projects in similar contexts. The findings indicate that women were initially excluded from official decision-making during the project. In spite of this, however, the project enabled women to be more active in the economy to organize their own meetings and become responsible for the communal cleaning and events in the area. This participation led women to also have more to say in the community and they have been able to increase their savings and set goals for their families and children, which was impossible before the existence of the slum-upgrading in the area.
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Nagarajan, Kaaviyaa Palaniandavan. "From Organic to Organized:A Rehabilitation of Nochikuppam Slum, Chennai, India." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511858363441914.
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Cronin, Victoria Louise Molly. "Slum upgrading in India and Kenya : investigating the sustainability." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242378.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slums are informal housing settlements commonly found in urban areas of developing countries which are characterised by poor shelter, low service provision and lacking in security of tenure. Slums are growing and new slums are forming. The international development community has been actively working to improve the living conditions of slum-dwellers and to reduce poverty via slum upgrading methods. There are various slum upgrading delivery models and approaches to tackle the urbanisation of poverty in developing countries. Many adaptive and proactive measures have been implemented through a variety of slum upgrading initiatives and partnerships; however there has been limited investigation of the longer term sustainability of such interventions. This research follows a qualitative methodology to investigate the sustainability of differing slum upgrading interventions. Four case studies have been examined; two in Kenya and two in India, demonstrating a range of physical upgrading approaches. Alternative slum upgrading delivery models have been selected covering housing rehabilitation and in-situ water and sanitation upgrading and demonstrating top-down and bottom-up approaches. The case studies are of varying ages and were implemented via partnerships with differing agents including government, NGO, CBO, private developer and donors. The influence and design of the delivery model upon the upgrading sustainability has been assessed via stakeholder perception during extensive fieldwork. The data gathered has been analysed according to four key themes; status of life for slum-dwellers today, perception of upgrading success, institutional reform from external factors and development aspirations. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with slum-dwellers and project stakeholders using a ground-level methodology that enabled the capture of personal and honest accounts. Analysis of the data has found that there are many misconceptions around slums which can affect the sustainability of measures to upgrade informal settlements. The way that international development organisations and westerners view slums is often very particular and not always resonant with the way that slum-dwellers view their living situation. Priorities for development are not always consistent across stakeholders. For sustainability, any slum upgrading activity must be sensitive to the situation of an individual community and culture, and not assume that the residents are unhappy living in desperate poverty, as it has been shown, many choose to reside in a slum. Slums may be dirty, poorly serviced and overcrowded but are also places of great human energy, community spirit, kindness, hard-working, creative and happy places that many consider home.
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Archer, Diane. "Social capital and participatory slum upgrading in Bangkok, Thailand." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study applies the concept of social capital to participatory slum upgrading, specifically the Baan Mankong (“secure housing”) programme in Bangkok. The Baan Mankong programme uses community participation to meet the housing needs of the urban poor, with financial assistance from the state. Since starting in 2003, the programme has drawn international praise, and is being scaled-up nationally, yet few studies have examined its social and institutional outcomes, focusing rather on the physical outputs. This study tries to fill this gap: as a programme that aims to be about “more than just houses”, attention needs to be paid to its impacts on both horizontal and vertical associations to determine whether it really offers an increased role for the urban poor in governance. A qualitative approach was taken, using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and discussion groups in four case-study communities. The analysis is structured on three levels: intra-community ties, inter-community ties, and state-community linkages, representing bonding, bridging and linking social capital respectively. At the level of intra-community relations, the study finds that upgrading had positive but temporary effects on collective action. Community leadership can be a uniting or dividing force, determining whether collective activities are sustained. Slum networks, representing inter-community relations, are essential for scaling-up upgrading through learning-by-doing. There is scope for cooperation between different networks for unity in negotiations with the state. With regard to community-state linkages, bureaucracy can still be a barrier to effective cooperation, and trust in officials remains low. This study focuses on those at the core of the upgrading process, and offers suggestions for ensuring that collective action provides the best results for both the urban poor and the state. Social capital is a valuable resource for the poor, when the formation of horizontal and vertical associations is actively promoted. As participatory development becomes the new paradigm and the poor increasingly take the initiative in ensuring their needs are met, a fuller understanding of Thailand’s experiences can help shape housing and community development policies elsewhere.
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Patel, Maya Laxmi. "Exploring the Impacts of Slum Dwelling for Indian Women." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Urbanization is increasing around the world, and in India this trend has translated into an increase in the size of slum dwellings. Slum environments may have a negative effect on human health, in particular women’s health. The objective of the study is to determine factors associated with Indian women’s health in slum environments. Methods: The relationship between women’s health, measured by BMI, and demographic, behavioural, and socioeconomic factors was statistically modelled. A multiple linear regression was performed, using data from the India National Family Health Survey. Results: Increasing BMI is significantly and positively associated with: frequency of watching television, having diabetes, age, wealth index, and residency status in the areas of New Delhi, Andhra Pradesh or Tamil Nadu. Conclusion: While belonging to a scheduled tribe was not associated with changes in BMI, unadjusted rates suggest that tribal status may be worthy of deeper investigation. Among slum dwellers, there is a double-burden of under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Therefore a diverse set of interventions will be required to improve the health outcomes of these women.
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McFarlane, Colin. "Travelling knowledges : urban poverty and slum/shack dwellers international." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3126/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relationship between knowledge and development is of growing importance in development theory and practice. Despite the growth in interest, there are significant issues that have not been explored in detail. I will focus on some of these issues, including: the ways in which knowledge and learning are conceived and created in development; the ways in which knowledge travels; the opportunities for learning between 'North' and 'South'; and the political spaces that are created through different kinds of knowledge. To explore these issues, I examine a network of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs) called Slum/Shack Dwellers International (SDI). This network seeks to reconfigure the governance of urban poverty reduction strategies and encourage poor' people to re-think their own capacities and potentials. In particular, I draw on interview-based fieldwork conducted on one key member of this group, the Indian Alliance based in Mumbai. I critically examine some of the possibilities and challenges of various forms of 'travelling knowledges'. These are strategies that have travelled through exchanges, wherein groups of poor people travel from one settlement to another to share stories and experiences with other poor people in what amounts to an informal 'training' process. By examining exchanges between SDI and groups in the UK, I critically discuss the broader potential in development to move beyond barriers of North and South that limit learning. I adopt a broadly post-rationalist approach to the concerns in the thesis. Through this, I argue the importance of considering knowledge and learning as produced through relations of near and far, social and material, and as driven by routines and practices. A post-rationalist approach helps us to understand and appreciate the importance of geography for knowledge and learning in the SDI network. This approach draws attention to power. It encourages a critical consciousness that is alert to the kinds of knowledge conceived for development, and that recognizes the various ways in which different knowledges help create different types of politics. A post-rationalist approach also cautions against conceptions of knowledge and learning that risk marginalizing geography and power in development more generally. The thesis demonstrates the need to give further consideration of how knowledge is conceived as a development strategy, and what the potential possibilities and pitfalls of travelling knowledges are.
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Pithouse, Richard Michael. "Politics in the slum: a view from South Africa." Unpublished, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008579.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
[From introduction]The modern state, and its civil society, have always been comfortable with workers in their allotted place – be it formed around the immediate needs of industrial production, like the migrant workers hostels in apartheid South Africa or contemporary Dubai, or an attempt at creating a haven, like the suburban home which has its roots in the gendered and raced class compromise reached in North America after the Second World War. When there has been a part of the population rendered or considered superfluous to the immediate needs of production there has been a degree of comfort with the inevitably bounded spaces into which these people have been abandoned or contained – prisons, ghettos, Bantustans etc. But both the modern state and civil society have always been acutely uncomfortable with that part of the ‘dangerous class’ - vagabonds or squatters - that are, by virtue of their occupation of space outside of state regulation, by definition out of place and threatening to domination constructed, along with other lines of force, on the ordering of space.
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Wamukuo, Joseph Thairu. "Demand for ante-natal care in Nairobi's slum areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 71-74.This paper studies the factors influencing the demand for ante-natal care in two of Nairobi's slum areas, namely, Kibera and Mathare. Antenatal care is important as its absence I underprovision means higher incidences of both maternal and infant mortalities. On the other hand proper ante-natal care means improved well-being of both mother and child. These two groups constitute over 70% of Kenya's population. For any economic and social development programmes to succeed, there is need to give mother and child special attention. The factors influencing the demand for ante-natal care could be grouped into three major categories; socio-economic (age, marital status, income etc.), facility (quality of care) as well as policy (user-fee) variables. The data for the analysis was obtained by means of a household survey conducted in Kibera and Mathare. A two stage sampling procedure was used for the data collection. This involved first, listing of all clusters from which a random selection of clusters to be studied was done and secondly, the households were drawn by a random sample within each of the selected clusters.
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Richter, Julia. "Urbanisierung der Favelas von Natal : Soziale Segregation und Aktionsräume in nordostbrasilianischen Städten /." Mettingen, Westf : Brasilienkunde-Verl, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3178842&prov=M&dok%5Fvar=1&dok%5Fext=htm.
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Ghidini, Alessandro. "A visão das problemáticas habitacionais segundo perpetivas modulares." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12687.
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Osborn, Michelle. "Authority in a Nairobi slum : chiefs and bureaucracy in Kibera." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This ethnography focuses on the contemporary existence of chiefs'in Kenya as situated in the longue duree of colonial and post-colonial history, tracing how sl)ifting Kenyan rule has contributed to chiefs' changing authority. Kenya's chiefs offer a unique lens for exploring urban govemance and the establishment and negotiation of local authority and legitimacy. Chiefs form the foundation of Kenya's Provincial Administration, which has remained the comerstone of the Kenya state and local govemance since its colonial inception. However, . chiefs' sovereignty has become increasingly fragmented over the last twenty years, particularly within urban areas, through the reintroduction of multi-party politics, the politicized mobilization of militant youth, and policy amendments related to chiefs' authority. This study is set in Kibera, which is one of the oldest and largest urban settlements in Nairobi, and where Kenya's flourishing political pluralism is particularly evident. Historical and political forces converge in Kibera to reveal changing and negotiated interactions between state and local actors. Chiefs struggle to negotiate authority and legitimacy; nevertheless they remain crucial to contemporary urban govemance at the local level. Providing a study of the Kenyan state in practice, this dissertation accounts for the creation of chiefs as well as their changing role within the evolution of the Provincial Administration. This study also enhances understanding of govemance within informal settlements through its examination of the history of local authority in Kibera, and in particular the way local authority has been contested and continues to change. The contemporary role of chiefs in Kibera is ultimately that of petty bureaucrats. How this role is conducted and its limitations are examined through case studies that range from the banality of bureaucracy to violence and civil unrest. As the first historically situated, ethnographic account of Kenya's urban chiefs, this study contributes to our understanding of governance in practice and reveals how the colonial imprint remains visible within the postcolonial state.
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Tsujita, Yuko. "Education, poverty and schooling : a study of Delhi slum dwellers." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49668/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poverty reduction and Education for All (EFA) are important policy issues in many developing countries as they are both Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). As the existing literature suggests, education positively influences poverty reduction, while poverty, or low income, adversely affects the quality and quantity of education. Accordingly, if education fails to facilitate poverty reduction, the following generation's schooling is likely to be adversely affected, thus perpetuating a vicious education–poverty circle. It was against such a background, and employing a mixed methods approach to data collection and analysis, that this study investigated the relationship between education and multidimensional poverty at an individual as well as household level, and the influence of deprivation on children's education, in the context of the slum in Delhi, India. The thesis reveals that education – particularly primary and middle schooling – enhances the earnings of male slum dwellers in particular, the overwhelming majority of whom suffer from informality and instability of employment. It also emerges that education plays an important role in the ability to participate with confidence in the public sphere. At the household level, education proves to have a positive association with monetary poverty, but a higher level of education per se does not necessarily facilitate escape from non-monetary poverty. In such a nexus of poverty and education, the thesis found that household wealth in association with social group and migration status tends to be positively correlated with child schooling, education expenditure, and basic learning. There may be a chance of escaping poverty through education, but such a likelihood is limited for those households that are underprivileged in terms of caste and religion owing to slow progress in basic learning, as well as migrant households due to lack of access to schooling. The thesis concludes by proposing some education policies drawn from the major findings of the study that may be implemented in the Indian slum context.
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Khan, Iqbal Alam. "Struggle for survival : networks and relationships in a Bangladesh slum." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323601.
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Cooper, R. "A slum assemblage in Mumbai : emergence, organization and sociospatial morphology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348768/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the current proliferation of research on slums, there remains an impasse in our ability to represent and understand informal residential settlements. This is largely due to the complexity and malleability of slums in the context of globalized flows of people, neoliberal economic and political restructuring, and processes of social marginalization and conflict. This thesis thus addresses the intellectual, representational, and political complexities associated with the global proliferation of slums so as to facilitate more just and egalitarian societies. As such, the aim of the study is to identify and examine emergent factors that contribute to social injustice and inequality in the context of ever transforming spatial, social, economic, and political processes. To do so, it examines the emergence, organization, and socio-spatial morphology of Ganesh Murthy Nagar, a squatter settlement in Mumbai, India. Conceptually, the framework guiding my study is based on Deleuzoguattarian thought and draws upon assemblage theory in relation to contemporary research in critical Urban Studies. My methodology is oriented towards thick empirical description and addresses historical, ethnographic, and developmental perspectives. This approach contributes to three specific objectives of the thesis: to identify the functional components of the settlement-assemblage and trace their emergence and evolution in time; to map the constitutive associations inherent in the ordering of these components in and beyond the settlement; and to determine the components’ constraining and enabling effects on other components in the assemblage. My findings suggest that State policies promoting participatory governance have triggered the emergence of social hierarchies and the centralization of power within the settlement. In collusion with other endogenous social networks and State actors, a defensible space of dominance has been established that continues to assemble power from diverse relationships with developmental partners. Rather than advancing the positive potential of interventions, weaknesses with slum policies and their implementation have contributed to a settlement with unequal and unjust relations, a fragmented populace, and pervasive feelings of fear.
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Baird, Jennifer. "Poverty and wellbeing among older people in Nairobi slum settlements." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368190/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Levels of poverty and wellbeing among older people in poor, urban settings in Africa have been under-researched, yet absolute numbers of older people are set to increase in this continent in the coming decades. The urban experience of wellbeing for older people is relatively unknown as research tends to focus on older people residing in rural places. This study addresses this research gap and investigates patterns of poverty and wellbeing among older people in two slum settlements in Nairobi. The study uses data collected by the African Population and Health Research Centre. Livelihood information for households in a demographic surveillance system operating in two Nairobi slums is combined with data from a survey on the social, health and overall wellbeing of older people. Absolute expenditure poverty and expenditure quintiles are calculated to build a money-metric poverty profile of the older people. Sensitivity analyses of the poverty estimates are also calculated to explore different assumptions of equivalence scales. A multidimensional conceptual framework then measures how older people’s wellbeing varies across a range of different dimensions. Two-thirds (66%) of older people in the two slum settlements are living in absolute material poverty. Within the slums there are also significant differences in absolute poverty among older people. Wellbeing is found to vary greatly within dimensions and across them; overall, there are disadvantages for women and the oldest old in terms of poverty and wellbeing. Formal support mechanisms are limited with few older people receiving a pension. Conversely, informal reciprocal familial support patterns are strong with many older people giving support to other members of their family. Levels of absolute poverty are high, suggesting that policies should be targeted here to reduce poverty. The different dimensions of wellbeing also indicate that non-monetary policy interventions should be considered.
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Cho, Yasunaka. "Evaluation of the Baan Mankong Slum Upgrading Project in Thailand." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368085651.
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Calderon, Camilo. "Learning from Slum Upgrading and Participation : A case study of participatory slum upgrading in the emergence of new governance in the city of Medellín–Colombia." Thesis, KTH, Urban Planning and Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This document compiles a highly discussed issue present in many cities of the developing world today; it brings forward the importance of facing the challenges that slums create to today’s cities and the mechanisms used for tackling such challenge. The study focuses on the use of Participatory Planning approaches in the context of slum upgrading, giving the reader an insight to the advantages and challenges that such an approach has. It is built around a case study in the city of Medellin, Colombia where there has been a strong political will and commitment to implement programs and projects in the poorest areas of the city. This initiative emerged as a need to tackle deep rooted problems present in the slum areas of the city that together with other issues placed Medellin as the most dangerous city of the world during the 1990s.
For tackling such a problem, the local Administration (2003-2007) created a slum upgrading model called “PUI - Proyecto Urbano Integral” (Integral Urban Project) which is said to be based on “participatory planning” and “slum upgrading” principles. The results of the first project following the “PUI Model”, the “PUI Noriental”, have been promoted by the Administration as highly successful and been considered as a model for slum upgrading both nationally and internationally. Therefore, there is the need to acknowledge and critically asses the PUI Model by evaluating its principles, its methods and its results having a deeper understanding and assessment of the concepts behind such an approach; specially since it has been internationally recognized that there is a lack of cases in which the ideals of participation and slum upgrading are put in practice.
In this order of ideas, the principles, methods and tools of the “PUI Model” and its implementation in the “PUI Noriental”, are evaluated based on international theories and experiences dealing with the topic. By doing so, it is shown the close link between the principles of participation and the very nature of slum upgrading processes. As well it is brought forward the need to implement such kind of a approaches in cities presenting problems with slum areas. The results of the evaluation show that even though there is a strong political will towards using principles of participatory planning and slum upgrading approaches in Medellin, there is still a high need to have a deeper understanding of such concepts and the way they can be implemented. Nevertheless, it is shown that even with these shortcomings the significant outcomes produced by the PUI Noriental are a clear example that participation in the context of slum upgrading is a strong tool to bring benefits to the people of such areas.
The thesis was not publishes (printed) by the department. The copy I am uploading is the final version accepted by the department.
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Bisiaux, R. "Making a living in a slum settlement : the relative influence of norms, cognition and group practices on slum dwellers' choices related to earning a living." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1470166/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This doctoral thesis explores slum dwellers’ decisions regarding their ways of making a living. The different aspects of earning one’s life in a poverty situation have been mostly studied from the perspective of livelihood assets, the circulation of information about opportunities, the management of skills and relationships, and the affirmation of personal significance in carrying out one’s livelihood strategy. By contrast, this research investigates the decisions behind making a living, by looking at the relative influence of 1) the norms shaping the slum dwellers’ environment, 2) slum dwellers’ individual intentions, 3) slum dwellers’ motivation to comply with others’ behaviours, and 4) the narratives slum dwellers build around the rationality of their choices. In an attempt to address the knowledge gap concerning the interactions between decision-making and poverty, the research documents and analyses the interplay of individual and social factors affecting decision-making processes in the Thapathali slum settlement of Kathmandu, Nepal. The research shows that through their discourse, slum dwellers relay normative beliefs, that is, beliefs which are influenced by norms or definitions of what is acceptable. It is found that these normative beliefs have a partially prescriptive role in determining how slum dwellers make decisions. Most unexpectedly, while slum dwellers’ interpretations of norms produce normative beliefs that are difficult to revise such as valuation neglect – the dispositions of slum dwellers to strive for further opportunities being limited by the collective interpretation of their constrained situation –, the research demonstrates that particular norms such as religious and caste-related norms create a room for manoeuvre as slum dwellers interpret these norms while serving their individual interests, therefore shifting the boundaries of the collectively accepted norms. Driven by one’s will to ‘opt out’ from caste discrimination, some slum dwellers instrumentalise their religious affiliation and convert to Christianity to overcome discrimination and access further benefits within the community, while others make use of their caste-related skills to enhance their array of opportunities. The research concludes that decisions related to making a living in situations of poverty are primarily characterised by the volatility of the normative beliefs behind these decisions: slum dwellers recurrently interpret and re-interpret norms in an attempt to best align their behaviours with their individual intentions and the collective reasons given for certain behaviours within the community. As such, it is the study of the production of normative beliefs that best achieves the unpacking of decision processes and decision practices related to making a living in the Thapathali slum settlement.
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Ferreira, Lara Isa Costa. "Arquitetos militantes em urbanização de favelas: uma exploração a partir de casos de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16137/tde-27062017-150239/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O foco desta pesquisa é a atuação de arquitetos e urbanistas militantes em urbanização de favelas. Para tal recorremos acasos concretos de experiências de urbanização de favelas com a participação destes técnicos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e Município do Rio de Janeiro da década de 60 aos anos 2010. Pretendemos desta forma olhar para este campo de atuação do arquiteto e urbanista, mas focando naqueles que historicamente têm exercitado intervenções mais justas, mais integradoras, mais emancipadas em favelas. Trata-se de um reconhecimento da atuação destes arquitetos - sujeitos políticos, mas também a apresentação de uma retrospectiva sobre as suas práticas, muitas vezes pioneiras no seu campo de atuação. Trata-se também de uma reflexão sobre os alcances e limites da sua ação militante. Selecionamos sujeitos que se destacam nessa atuação e cujas experiências que acontecem num tensionamento entre técnica, estética e ética. Na prática, os resultados são por vezes limitados, e muitas vezes frustrantes, mas ao mesmo tempo, seguramente inspiradores. A partir dos seus relatos e reflexões, mesmo que em contexto muito diversificados, encontramos pontos de contato nas metodologias, nas ações e nas intenções e que denominamos como práticas militantes em urbanização de favelas. Com esta pesquisa propomos um mapeamento de possíveis referências, mas também o questionamento sobre o lugar do arquiteto frente a territórios de conflito.This research focus on the action of militant architects and urban planners in what regards slum upgrading processes in favelas from the 60\'s to the 10\'s decades. In order to do so, we resort to concrete cases of slum upgrading experiences in favelas that counted upon the participation of theses subjects in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, as well as in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. We aimed at regarding this field of action of architects and urban planners focusing on the professionals that have been proposing interventions that seek to be more just, more integrated, and more emancipated in favelas. This work intends to recognize the background of these architects - understood as political subjects herein - but also, to approach a retrospective about their experiences that usually reveal to be pionneer in their professional field. It also aims at analyising the limits and advances of their militant action. We have chosen professionals that stand out in their field of action, and whose experiences stress the boundaries of ethics, aesthetics and techinique. In the end, the results of their experiences are rare, generally frustrating, but at the same time, surely inspiring. We have built our analysis upon their oral information and their own relfections over their experience, and, despite the different contexts, we have come to common points in terms of methods, practice and inteverntions, that we have have designated as militant practices in slum upgranding. Through this research, we present a mapping of possible references, but also a questioning over the role of architects in territories of conflicts.
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Campbell, Patricia F. "'The shack becomes the house, the slum becomes the suburb and the slum dweller becomes the citizen' : experiencing abandon and seeking legitimacy in Dar es Salaam." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5612/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis considers the (over)promotion of formal home ownership, and the parallel neglect of rental housing, in international development policy and practice. Using a qualitative methodology, which incorporates policy analysis, as well as interviews and focus groups with key informants and informal residents, this research has moved beyond broad, singular conceptualisations of the ‘slum’. Instead, this study offers an insight into the multiple lived experiences of informal urban housing, in the context of a tenure-biased policy landscape. Research with informal residents was carried out exclusively with members of community-led groups who are in the process of resettling to formal plots on the margins of Dar es Salaam city. Drawing upon Foucaultian governmentality scholarship, the findings of this study highlight the centrality of housing tenure in notions of being counted, recognition and urban citizenship. The research findings highlight the complexities of informal urban housing, drawing particular attention to the everyday realities of renting shelter in the urban private rental market. In exploring the lived realities of informal housing in Dar es Salaam, this thesis uncovers the everyday realities of a wholesale neglect of the private rental sector in policy and the lack of recognition of private renters by the Tanzanian state. Using two distinct case-studies of forced eviction in Dar es Salaam, this thesis interrogates the process and management of eviction, demonstrating the centrality of tenure in determining the validity of claims for state support and recognition and in shaping state-citizen relations. In engaging with members of community-led groups that are resettling, and have resettled, to formal plots on the urban fringe, this thesis further scrutinises the positioning of individual, formal home ownership as a universal normative ideal. This research considers resettlement as a considered strategy by informal residents to achieve a sense of belonging in Dar es Salaam, a performance of citizenship. Yet, this thesis questions ‘resettlement’ as an optimum strategy for securing an officially recognised place in the city. This thesis will consider the complex hopes, dreams and trade-offs made in decisions to resettle and consider the implications of resettlement for notions of a right to the city.
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Larsson, Emma, and Maja Nilsson. "Towards sustainable sanitation in slum areas : A field study in Mumbai." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globally, there are 2.5 billion people who do not have access to improved sanitation. One third of these people are living in India. Bad sanitation is both undignified and causes the spread of diseases like diarrhoea. It is a large challenge to handle the problematic situation with sanitation, especially in urban areas. Sustainable sanitary systems that are energy self-sufficient and do not require sewage system are needed. There are new techniques with this in mind that are under development. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities to implement a sustainable sanitary system in slum areas of Mumbai. The chosen area and existing sanitary techniques is investigated in the literature study. To understand the user requirements and their living situation, a field study is performed in slum areas of Mumbai. Interviews are held with experts from organisations working with the sanitary situation in the area to get a deeper understanding about their experiences. The sanitary situation today is not well functioning, a new way of solving the problem is needed and it has to happen soon. Through an analysis of the empirical findings, three different sanitary situations are presented. It is important that each area is investigated to identify what situation there is, before building new sanitary facilities. To achieve a more sustainable sanitation, one system for each of the three situations should be developed. Requirements for each of the situations are presented and they all have two things in common, the toilet is shared between a determined amount of people and the user has the responsibility for the maintenance. From a cross mapping between the investigated sanitary techniques and the requirements for the three situations, it is clarified what techniques that are suitable in which context. No one of the investigated techniques is a perfect match and further development is needed. One of the sanitary situations is taken further through concept development. The concepts are compared against the requirements to identify the best concept. The best concept with modifications is visualised to exemplify how it may be designed. In the comparison between the requirements and concepts, gaps in the design and issues for further development are identified. The core of this master thesis is to emphasise the importance of having a holistic approach concerning the sanitary situation. It is important that new techniques are being developed with a close connection to the users and the specific environment. By investing money in more sustainable systems, the situation for the slum residents in Mumbai can be improved and at the same time contribute to a more sustainable society.
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Mukhija, Vinit. "Squatters as developers? : Mumbai's slum dwellers as equity partners in redevelopment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-201).
This dissertation analyzes the slum redevelopment strategy introduced by the state government of Maharashtra (India) in its capital city, Mumbai (Bombay). The strategy involves demolishing the existing slums and building on the same sites at a higher density, new, medium rise apartment-blocks including entirely cross-subsidized housing for the original slum dwellers. Slum redevelopment is distinctly different from the two prevalent conventional strategies with respect to slums in developing countries - slum clearance and slum upgrading. Interestingly, the strategy appears to enjoy considerable support of slum dwellers, NGOs, private developers and politicians. The study focuses on a single slum redevelopment case - the Markandeya Cooperative Housing Society (MCHS) - to show how the state government amended the land development regulations to enhance the potential land values and allowed the slum dwellers to share in the high development values. This analysis of the role of the State in promoting a new housing strategy and providing crucial support in implementation contributes to our understanding of housing provision policy in three ways. First, it provides insights into slum redevelopment as an alternative housing strategy. It analyzes the problems faced and the solutions innovated in the implementation of this strategy. It argues that despite slum redevelopment's shortcomings, the strategy may be superior to other alternatives, especially if the State can provide implementation support. Second, it identifies nontraditional issues, often overlooked in housing improvement that may help make slum upgrading programs more successful. Contrary to the conventional focus only on private property rights, the dissertation argues for policy to be based on a differentiated view of property rights (including common property rights) that also considers the property values, the physical structure of the property-holdings and the interplay among these issues. Third, the study reveals the complexities involved in housing production for low-income groups and demonstrates that enabling housing provision, even with the participation of private sector agents, requires an active government role. Paradoxically, enabling may require four levels of seeming contradictions - both decentralization and centralization; both demand-driven and supply driven development; both private as well as public investment; and both deregulation and new regulations.
by Vinit Mukhija.
Ph.D.
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Wanjiru, Kamunyori Sheila. "The politics of space : negotiating tenure security in a Nairobi slum." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3681/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum upgrading is a planning intervention where the state, in the process of upgrading an informal space, is seen as delivering tenure security to the residents in that space. This dissertation investigates the making legible of an informal space in Nairobi by analysing the processes and outcomes of a slum upgrading project and the consequent impact on tenure security. Using a qualitative, case study approach, I begin by analysing the production of the Korogocho slum and the practices that contributed to the production of the informal space. Next I examine two processes within the slum upgrading intervention aimed at making legible the space and the people, processes that are distinctively grounded in modernist planning: preparing a physical plan and conducting enumeration. I show how during these processes different rationalities, or ways of knowing, are continually meeting, contesting and negotiating, leading to hybridized outcomes. While the planning intervention has made some aspects of the space legible, it has reduced the legitimacy of some use claims on the space, particularly those of sole structure owners. Further, only certain subpopulations are made legible; long-term tenants, particularly those that are youth born in the settlement, are pushed further into illegibility and tenure insecurity. Within this analysis, I discuss how residents in the settlement propose how the two processes could have been implemented to lead to legibility that matched their ways of knowing. My findings illustrate that planning interventions that are predicated on technocratic solutions need to be balanced with an understanding of the everyday dynamics, or rationalities, of residents in informal spaces. I argue that tenure security needs to be conceptualised as the outcome of negotiated practices between actors taking place in a particular type of space rather than the outcome of planning practices used by the state to guarantee tenure security or used by urban residents to contest or fight for it. In addition, I argue that slum upgrading needs to move attention beyond tenure regularization to other components of tenure security, including those for the various categories of tenants in order to match their needs.
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Louiset, Odette. "Le Slum dans la ville : Le cas d'une métropole indienne, Hyderabad." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Définir le contexte de l'habitat urbain pauvre, c'est définir celui du sous-développement et de l'urbanisation dans le tiers monde. A travers l'exemple d'une métropole indienne, Hyderabad, apparaissent des liens entre croissance urbaine et multiplication des quartiers spontanés. La sous-intégration de cet espace se traduit par la précarité de l'habitat et la fréquente illégalité du statut foncier, la pauvreté ambiante. Néanmoins, le « bidonvillois » est loin d'être un marginal : il travaille dans la ville et y vit. L'approche monographique de N'Kunta, un slum d’Hyderabad, permet d'approfondir l'étude des rapports entretenus par le quartier avec le reste de l'organisme urbain. Bien que l'immigration rurale ait joué un rôle important dans la vie des habitants de N'Kunta, le Basti n'est pas un village dans la ville. Les actifs participent à l'économie métropolitaine mais cette insertion est paradoxalement à l'origine de la sous-intégration des slum-dwellers car le secteur informel, qui emploie la plus grande part de cette main-d’œuvre, se caractérise par la faiblesse et l'irrégularité des salaires. D'autre part, le slum indien a la spécificité de regrouper des "basses castes", ce qui fait coïncider statut religieux et condition. Au total, le quartier urbain pauvre est sous-intégré en termes d'habitat, d'infrastructures sanitaires, d'éducation mais il entretient d'étroites relations avec une ville dépassée par sa croissance. Le slum représente le seul moyen de subsister dans la cité pour des milliers de citadins à HyderabadTo define the background of the urban poor housing is to define the background of under-development and third world urbanisation. Through the case of an Indian metropolis, Hyderabad, appear the relations between urban growth and slums' increase. In these bad housing areas, the land property is frequently illegal and poverty is everywhere. Nevertheless, the slum-dweller cannot be seen as a marginal : he is employed in the city and lives there. The monography of N'Kunta, one of Hyderabad slums, was an opportunity to examine thoroughly the links existing between a poor quarter and the urban organism. Though rural migration has played a great part in the life N'Kunta's inhabitants, the "Basti" is not a village in the city. Working population participate to metropolitan economy but the type of participation determinates "under-integration". Indeed, the informal sector who mostly employs them characterized by the weakness and irregularity of wages. A specificity of indian slum is to gather low castes : religious status answers to sub-standard economic conditions. In conclusion, urban poor community is "under-integrated" in terms of habitat, sanitary conditions, education equipments but she maintains close relations with the uncontrolled growth of the city. Slums seem to be the only way of survival in the city for thousands citizens in Hyderabad
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Vaguet, Odette. "Le Slum dans la ville le cas d'une métropole indienne, Hyderabad /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601676h.
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Minter, Amanda. "Leptospire dynamics in its reservoir host in a Brazilian slum setting." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003117/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In urban slums, residents often live in close proximity to reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that humans can contract via contact with animal reservoirs directly or with water contaminated with their urine. The recent population increase in Salvador, a coastal city in North East Brazil, led to the creation of slums, which are overcrowded and lack basic sanitation. The conditions of the slums favour rodent borne transmission of leptospirosis. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is asymptomatic and can transmit the infection for the entirety of its life. It is the main reservoir host for leptospirosis in Salvador. Motivated by the annual outbreaks of human leptospirosis in Pau da Lima, an urban slum community in Salvador, the within population infection dynamics of the Norway rat were investigated. A mechanistic model of the dynamics of leptospire infection was developed and explored analytically. A global sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number to its components was performed. Using newly obtained age-prevalence data from the field, we sought evidence that would indicate which transmission routes actually occur in the wild. By considering the survival from infection, we created risk curves of infection over time and looked for differences in risk for different demographic factors that were a proxy for transmission. There are some model parameters which we were unable to estimate and some which we expected not to vary by system. To confirm that proposed values of demographic parameters were sufficient to describe population dynamics in wild Norway rats we present a Bayesian analysis of a mathematical population dynamics model. These analyses were used to parameterise an age-structured mechanistic model for leptospire infection in the rodent population. Using the age-structured model, optimal control measures were found that would reduce the total (and infected) rat population. Costs of the controls as well as the cost of human infection were included in the analysis. We conclude that vertical and environmental transmission occurs in the wild, and that environmental transmission is the most important route for the maintenance of infection in Norway rats. To control wild Norway rats, combinations of controls are recommended but environmental control should also be investigated to reduce prevalence of infection in rats.
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Knauth, Christopher. "Arzneimittelgebrauch armer Bevölkerungsschichten in städtischen Elendsvierteln Perus : Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Gesundheitserziehung zum rationalen Arzneimittelgebrauch /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; New York ; Paris : Lang, 1991. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/016062639.pdf.
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Onguya, Maurice Ochieng. "Christian education in children's school : an approach to contemporary challenges of children's Christian education in the slum Churches in Nairobi /." Berlin : Viademica-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99280938X/04.
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Junior, Cid Blanco. "As transformações nas políticas habitacionais brasileiras nos anos 1990: o caso do programa integrado de inclusão social da Prefeitura de Santo André." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-22012007-120238/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta dissertação visa analisar as transformações ocorridas nas políticas habitacionais para favelas implementadas no Brasil a partir dos anos 1990, após a crise do modelo de remoções e construção massiva de conjuntos habitacionais nas periferias das cidades e da consolidação das urbanizações de favela como política oficial. Esse processo foi antecedido pelo fechamento do Banco Nacional de Habitação, pela nova constituição brasileira e pelo ajuste fiscal proposto pelas agências internacionais, causando mudanças significativas na capacidade de investimento dos governos locais e alterando o perfil das políticas habitacionais brasileiras. Essas novas políticas passaram a contemplar não somente a intervenção física, mas também várias ações sócio-econômicas, diluindo a questão habitacional dentro do contexto da nova questão social, resultando na diminuição de investimentos no setor da habitação de interesse social. Para exemplificar esse caso, será apresentado o processo de construção do programa integrado de inclusão social desenvolvido pela Prefeitura de Santo André a partir de 1997, baseado em programas de urbanização de favelas desenvolvidas no final dos anos 1980 na mesma cidade.This dissertation is aimed at analyzing the transformations that have taken place in housing policies for slums implemented in Brazil as of the 90s, after the crisis of the model of removal and massive construction of housing complexes in the outskirts of cities and the consolidation of slum upgrading as an official policy. This process was subsequent to the closure of the National Housing Bank, to the new brazilian constitution and to the tax adjustment process proposed by international agencies, causing significant changes in the ability to invest of local governments, thus changing the profile of brazilian housing policies. These new policies include physical intervention in addition to several social-economic actions, diluting the housing issue within the context of the new social issue, resulting in a decrease of investments in the social interest housing sector. As an example, we will present the development process of the integrated social inclusion program carried out by the Municipality of Santo André as of 1997, based on slum upgrading programs developed in the late 80s in the same city.
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Sajda, Nathalie. "From ”OTOP” to ”OSOP” : Empowering the slum through rural development." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urbanization is nourishing the urban poverty. Half of the World’s population is urban citizens and the number is increasing. Solutions to challenges can come from new ideas as well as previous tools. This study investigates the feasibility of applying a rural development program, One Tambon One Product (OTOP), and developed into a slum development strategy. By choosing the Klong Toey slum in central Bangkok, Thailand, the study contextualizes the demographic characteristics, values and realities into a theoretically applied study. The focal aim of the study is to increase the understanding of a bottom-up approach of socio-economical development. By formalizing the informal occupations and by highlighting alternative incomes for slum dwellers to integrate in participatory decision making and influence their own path of development increase the socio-economical conditions. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the OTOP project and systematically follow these variables into slum settings. Based on theoretical framework of participatory development and empowerment, the study discusses local contexts and Thai cultural characteristics followed by modifications of the original ideas from OTOP into a so called One Slum One Product (OSOP) project.Urbanisering föder urban fattigdom. Hälften av världens befolkning är stadsbor och antalet ökar. Lösningar på utmaningarna kan komma från nya idéer likaväl som tidigare verktyg. Denna studie undersöker möjligheterna att tillämpa ett landsbygdsutvecklingsprogram, One Tambon One Product (OTOP), till en slumutvecklingsstrategi. Genom att välja Klong Toey- slummen i centrala Bangkok, Thailand, har studien kontextualiseras de demografiska karaktäristikerna, värderingar och verkligheter till en teoretiskt applicerad studie. Studiens tyngdpunkt är att öka förståelsen av en så kallas bottom-up inställning av socioekonomisk utveckling. Genom att formalisera de informella yrkena och belysa alternativa inkomstkällor för sluminvånare samt att integrera dem i det demokratiska beslutsfattandet ökar man socioekonomiska villkor.Studien identifierar OTOP:s styrkor och svagheter och följer systematiskt dessa variabler i slummiljö. Utifrån de teoretiska ramverken för deltagande utveckling och empowerment diskuterar studien den lokala kontexten, thailändska kulturella drag och modifieringen av OTOP idén till en så kallad One Slum One Product (OSOP) projekt.
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Pandya, Yatin. "Slum houses as a user responsive product : a case study, Indore, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61958.
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Manandhar, Mary Catherine. "Undernutrition and impaired functional ability amongst elderly slum dwellers in Mumbai, India." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367911.
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Desai, Vandana. "Aspects of community participation among slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4839cdd-effd-4ff2-975a-9a73c7b31d75.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is concerned with the housing and service needs of the poor (slum dwellers) in Bombay and how they are articulated and satisfied. It discusses how the poor perceive the constraints on slum servicing and improvement, their involvement in community organizations, and the role the community and its leaders play in influencing state action. Since housing and servicing issues directly impinge on the interests of politicians and bureaucrats as well as on those of the poor, patterns of provision mirror closely the nature of the relationship between the poor and how political and administrative power operates at various levels. Chapter 1 provides the research aims and objectives while Chapter 2 reviews the literature on community participation. Chapter 3 on Bombay places housing development in context and also serves as background study to the thesis. This research studies three different slum settlements housing migrants to Bombay. Two surveys of these three slum settlements were carried out, involving interviews with 135 households. Chapter 4 describes the characteristics of these households, while chapters 5, 6, and 7 give the arguments of the thesis. It is shown that, despite an established system of representative community organisations and a pro-participation rhetoric in bureaucratic discourse, most slum dwellers are excluded from participating in decision-making. A patron-client relationship exists between politicians, bureaucrats and community leaders, both in determining the community leaders' power as well as the level of services and physical benefits that he/she could win for the slum community. Leaders are generally better educated, better employed, more prosperous and highly motivated than most of their community. The NGO in this study has acted mainly as intermediary between the government and the slum-dwellers.
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Macapagal, Katrina Angela R. "The slum chronotope and imaginaries of spatial justice in Philippine urban cinema." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2017. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/8975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation proposes that Philippine independent urban cinema reveals imaginaries of spatial justice. The works approached as Philippine urban cinema are independently produced and internationally circulated films that heavily feature or reference Philippine slums as setting, with narratives that centre on the lives of the urban poor. The theory of spatial justice as defined by leading urban theorists argues that social justice has spatio-temporal dimensions. Grounded on this foundational premise, this study approaches Philippine urban cinema in its capacity to foreground and represent the complexities of social justice as contextualised in Philippine urban conditions, with local and global trajectories. Alongside the theory of spatial justice, the dissertation draws from Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the “chronotope” (literally meaning time-space) to formulate a theory of the “slum chronotope” as a foundational concept for analysing the ways by which films are able to imagine issues of spatial justice, with emphasis on character configuration and narrative formation. The chapters are structured according to genres and modalities, where other chronotopes that dialogue with the slum chronotope are identified and examined. In the comingof- age chapter, the study locates “chronotopes of passage”; in the melodrama chapter, the study locates “affective chronotopes” configured by the spatial practice of walking; in the Manila noir chapter, the study locates “chronotopes of mobility”; and in the final chapter, the study locates “chronotopes of in/visibility” in the Overseas Filipino Worker genre. This study offers a novel interdisciplinary framework for analysing Philippine urban cinema, and in the process, makes a case for Philippine urban history as crucial grounds for understanding the global urbanisation of poverty.
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Teferi, Zafu Assefa. "Slum Regeneration and Development of Sustainable Communities: A Case of Addis Ababa." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/69386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum settlements in Addis Ababa are examined in this thesis through a sustainability lens. The Modernist slum clearance approach improves physical and economic conditions but removes the community fabric. An Organic approach using ‘leapfrog’ technologies and in-situ upgrading of infrastructure is suggested to resolve this dilemma and help to create a more inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable settlement in emerging cities.
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Furrer, Brigit. "Prostitution als Überlebensstrategie in Salvador da Bahia, Brasilien ein qualitativ-ethnographischer Vergleich zwischen Prostituierten und Nicht-Prostituierten." Wien Zürich Berlin Münster Lit, 2008. http://d-nb.info/996034048/04.
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Wendin, Jonas. "Den ojämna urbaniseringen : En analys av orsaker bakom och konsekvenser av befolkningstillväxten i Latinamerikanska storstäders socioekonomiska periferi." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Syftet med studien är att genom en forskningsanalys identifiera orsaker bakom och konsekvenser av den snabba befolkningstillväxten i Latinamerikanska storstäders socioekonomiska periferi. Arbetet utgör en geografisk studie och fokus i analysen ligger därför på rumsliga aspekter. Studien tar avstamp i en orsaksanalys för att förklara den kraftiga urbanisering som tog fart i Latinamerika under 1900-talets andra hälft. Sedan analyseras de socioekonomiska och rumsliga konsekvenserna av denna urbanisering. I studien identifieras fyra huvudsakliga orsaker och sex huvudsaliga konsekvenser. Orsakerna som identifieras och analyseras är; Internationella makroekonomiska strukturers påverkan på landsbygdsbefolkningen i Latinamerika. Forskningen visar att strukturanpassningsprogrammen utarmat bönder i Latinamerika, varpå de tvingats flytta in till städerna, där de hamnat i slummen. Flykten från våld och förtryck på den Latinamerikanska landsbygden. Forskningen visar att inslag av våld och förtryck av Latinamerikanska bönder under 1900-talets andra hälft lett till kraftig inflyttning till storstäderna. Drömmen om ett liv i storstaden. Forskningen visar att modernisering av Latinamerikanska städer och ekonomisk tillväxt har lockat många människor från landsbygden, som inte lyckats sysselsättas och därför fastnat i slummen. Avskärmning och utrensning. Forskningen visar att segregationen i flera Latinamerikanska storstäder upprätthålls av lokala politiker för att upprätthålla en vacker fasad och därmed stadens anseende. Konsekvenserna som identifieras och analyseras är följande; Slumgeologiska konsekvenser. Forskningen visar att risken för exempelvis jordskred ökar när informella bosättningar hamnar på geologiska riskområden och att kåkstäder är extra känsliga för naturkatastrofer. Hygieniska konsekvenser. Forskningen visar att slumområden i Latinamerika ofta finns vid öppna avlopp och dräneringar och att detta får förödande konsekvenser för sluminvånarnas personliga hygien och hälsa. Industriers påverkan på närliggande områden. Forskningen visar att slumområden i Latinamerika ofta växer fram kring industrier som genererar giftiga utsläpp, som i sin tur påverkar hälsan hos nära boende. Vattenbrist. Forskningen visar att det generellt sett råder svår vattenbrist i Latinamerikanska städers socioekonomiska periferi och att detta kan få förödande konsekvenser för invånarnas hälsa. Trångboddhet och överbefolkning. Forskningen visar att detta är vanligt i den socioekonomiska periferin i Latinamerikanska storstäder och att detta ger upphov till bl.a. rapid bakteriespridning. Ett ökat bilanvändande i slumområden och ökad trafikolycksrisk. Forskningen visar att många Latinamerikanska storstäders infrastruktur inte är anpassad till den kraftiga befolkningstillväxten i den socioekonomiska periferin, vilket leder till många trafikolyckor.
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Eldin, Brett Lee. "The Immediate and the Imagined : Youth and Social Transformation in Nairobi's Mathare Slum." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Norsk senter for barneforskning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23731.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since independence Kenya has witnessed rapid urbanisation, with the majority of the population living in cities being young people. This work is based on youth-led research exploring how youth from Mathare “slum” in Nairobi navigate their social and economic marginality. The architects of the research are from the Mwelu Foundation, a youth group from the “slum” that uses photography and filmmaking to document the realities of everyday life in the community. Accordingly, filmed focus group discussions, documentary filming and photo-elicitation are the primary means of data collection. The work departs from the dominant perspectives of youth as problems and a stage of transition. Rather, it presents “youthhood” as relational, revealing how ethnicity, gender, intergenerational tension, corruption and connection/disconnection, coupled with broader structural transformations, shape and are shaped by youth. The research shows how the youth are using newly created and extended spaces to form identities and realise aspirations, and uncovers the vast array of informal networks, collaborations and connections through which youth are remaking the “slum”. The youth have also built connections and opened up spaces that transcend both local and national boundaries. Significantly, for the youth of Mathare, dependency is not seen as a complete burden that must be off-loaded. On the contrary, it is being strengthened and embraced in different ways. Thus, dependency does not necessarily equate to a lack of ‘modernity’ or a heightened sense of marginality; instead the ability to constructively tap into one’s established dependencies signifies greater ‘modernity’. This is the key to positively remaking the notion of youth as becomings and providing a deeper understanding of youth agency in urban Africa.
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Sinha, Abhijat. "Community development for effective slum upgrading : case study: Indore habitat project, Indore, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22549.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Community participation has become an integral part of housing strategy for low income populations of the developing world. In the last three decades, it has gone beyond community involvement in cost recovery, sweat equity or participation in planning, to encompass a large agenda seeking simultaneous social, economic and physical community development.Upgrading settlements of low income urban populations by in-situ infrastructure provision is aimed at bettering access to basic amenities and creation of sustainable living environments. However, evaluations of implemented projects indicate vast gaps between project aims and results, especially with regards to those components that are sensitive to local socioeconomic and political contexts, like community development.
Bearing this is in mind, an upgrading project in Indore, India, with a strong community development component was taken up for research. The study evaluated the effectiveness of community development in the improvement of living environments, by comparing project objectives with outcomes. Eight slums covered under the project were surveyed to determine community response to upgrading. The results indicated that inadequate attention was given to community development, despite its potential in improving living conditions in human settlements. Suggestions for improvement of future implementation and areas for further research have been identified.
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Woiwode, Christoph. "Urban risk communication in Ahmedabad, India : between slum dwellers and the municipal corporation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445152/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since rapid urban growth forces poor households to settle in highly congested urban areas, slum dwellers are increasingly vulnerable due to a multiplicity of hazards rooted in the environment, nature, health, society and the urban economy. Hitherto, the understanding of urban risks and the vulnerability of inhabitants has been an underrepresented subject in urban planning. The different reasoning and rationales of slum dwellers, municipal authorities and other actors provide each with different perceptions of risks. This study focuses on the communication of urban risks between two slum communities and the Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad by examining endeavours in slum improvement and more responsive urban governance. In using a conceptual framework that synthesises socio-cultural approaches to risk, communication theories and collaborative planning theory, the thesis points out the deficiencies and potentials of risk communication in long-term urban development planning. Currently urban risk management is not recognised as an integrated, cross-sectoral topic by the Municipal Corporation. Due to the structural fabric of the administration and the lack of capacity and guidance, the notion of risk is based on conventional approaches to disaster risk management with responsibilities spread across various departments. By contrast, slum dwellers have a much more integrated understanding of the micro-level risk conditions in which they live and work. The findings of this study suggest that a meaningful two-way communication process can only take place if the interaction of stakeholders is understood in terms of human relationships that go beyond techno-bureaucratic co-ordination and the prevalent notion of mono-directional communication. This concept of communication is underpinned by values such as trust, fairness, credibility and justice in interaction in the context of urban governance. The research approach and the findings suggest areas for improved policy making and further research. The outcome of the research especially contributes to a better understanding of urban risk situations in the social and cultural contexts of poor communities in India. Hence this investigation may be viewed as a potential basis for generating practical guidelines for mitigation policies and their links to urban governance.
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CARVALHO, CÍNTIA DE SOUSA. "LISTENING TO MEMORIES IN THE SLUM MAZE: METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON AN INTERVENTION RESEARCH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26524@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta pesquisa-intervenção teve por objetivo analisar as questões metodológicas que atravessaram a produção conjunta de um trabalho desenvolvido pelo Museu de Favela (MUF) em parceria com o NIMESC/PUCRio, em torno das memórias das moradoras das favelas Pavão-Pavãozinho e Cantagalo. Partindo do diálogo com autores que se afiliam a uma perspectiva sócio-histórica e crítica da cultura, buscamos realizar um trabalho colaborativo, por meio de uma pesquisa feita com o outro. Deste modo, acompanhamos o Prêmio Mulheres Guerreiras, uma atividade anual realizada pelo MUF, cujo objetivo é homenagear mulheres que possuem um valor social para a favela. Observamos as entrevistas de memória realizadas pelo museu com as candidatas de 2012 e, a partir dessas observações, implementamos junto ao MUF uma Formação das Escutadoras de Memória no ano de 2013. Para participar desta formação, foram convidadas moradoras das favelas citadas, cujo objetivo foi sensibilizá-las em relação à importância da memória coletiva no fortalecimento da identidade social de uma comunidade, fomentando com isso o desejo de escuta e o (re)conhecimento das histórias de vida. Foram discutidos ainda aspectos metodológicos que atravessam uma entrevista de memória, bem como os modos de dar materialidade às histórias escutadas. As memórias coletivas que se destacaram a partir das entrevistas realizadas pelas participantes da formação foram aquelas relacionadas às experiências vividas ao longo da constituição da comunidade, em meio à precária infraestrutura da favela. Destacaram-se ainda as memórias traumáticas ligadas à violência, bem como aquelas referentes à experiência de ser mãe de favela. Esta pesquisa nos mostrou que o trabalho de escuta de memórias pode se beneficiar de estratégias menos diretivas, ou seja, que priorizem o tipo de interação mais próxima a uma conversa, cujo vínculo esteja baseado na empatia, em detrimento de uma entrevista com um roteiro préestabelecido.
The aim of the present intervention research was analyzing methodological issues that cross the joint production of a work developed by the Museu de Favela (MUF – Slum Museum) in partnership with NIMESC/PUC-Rio, around the memories of women dwellers of the slums Pavão-Pavãozinho and Cantagalo, in Rio de Janeiro. Having as starting point the dialogs with authors who have adopted a social-historical and critical perspective of culture, a collaborative work was sought by means of a research done with the other. Thus, the Prêmio Mulheres Guerreiras (Warrior Women Award) was closely followed; it is an activity that MUF conducts every year and whose objective is to honor women who bear a social value for the favela . Memory interviews conducted by the museum with the 2012 candidates to the award were observed and from such observations a Training Course for Memory Listeners (Formação das Escutadoras de Memória) was implemented with MUF in 2013. Women dwellers of the abovementioned slums were invited to take part in this course with the purpose of sensitizing them with regards to the importance of the collective memory in the strengthening of the social identity of a community, and thus fomenting the desire to listen and (re)cognize the life histories. Several methodological aspects that cross a memory interview were discussed, as well as a way to provide materiality to the stories. The collective memories which stood out from the interviews carried out by the course participants were those related to the experiences that happened during the building of the community amidst the precarious infrastructure of the slum. Traumatic memories connected to violence also stood out, as well as those related to the experience of being a mother in the slum. The research has shown that this work of listening to memories might benefit from less oriented strategies, i.e. those that prioritize an interaction that is closer to a conversation and whose connection is based on empathy, instead of a preestablished interview script.
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Mahony, Sorcha M. "Searching for a better life : young people living in slum communities in Bangkok." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the everyday lives and dreams of young people living in urban poverty in Thailand, focusing on their practices and aspirations within three key spheres of action. In recent years, a number of emerging bodies of literature have taken youth in the developing world as the objects of their analysis; the literature on youth in Thailand, studies of youth and development within the Thai and international spheres, and the new anthropology of youth each focus on the lives of young people – social, cultural and economic – and see youth as active agents in the creation of society, culture and the economy. This thesis, drawing on the analysis of ethnographic data, contends that each of these bodies of literature constructs young people in partial or misleading ways, and in particular that insufficient emphasis is placed on the unintended consequences that can ensue from everyday practice and the pursuit of dreams. It argues that if these emerging literatures on youth in the developing world are to adequately conceptualise and represent young people, then they must attend to these unintended consequences. As the thesis will demonstrate, doing so facilitates analysis of the ways in which different spheres of action affect each other, of the structures that constrain and enable young people, and of the way in which attempting to participate in dominant cultures can have profoundly counter-productive outcomes. The thesis also explores some of the methodological processes involved in immersion in, and withdrawal from, „the field‟. It argues that one of the tasks of social research is to bring out the multiple and shifting nature of interpretation, and to be explicit about the contexts in which such interpretations are produced.
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Backman, Enelius Moa. "En slum bortom hopp och förtvivlan? : Diskurser om Kibera i tidningen the Guardian." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-176299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the media discourse surrounding Kibera, an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Using a qualitative content analysis, this study identifies and critically analyses reoccurring themes in the descriptions of Kibera in the UK broadsheet paper The Guardian. The claimed relevance of such analysis rests upon the assumption that discourse matter; certain narratives can influence beliefs and policy concerning the management of urban informal settlements, with material effects for these places and their residents. The result of the analysis shows there are varying and conflicting themes in the portrayal of Kibera, describing the community in both negative and positive terms. However, the imageries move between two extremes, either describing Kibera as an urban dystopia of crime, suffering and filth, or emphasising stories of hope, success and the entrepreneurial spirit of Kibera’s residents. Missing in the articles are descriptions of Kibera in terms of being an ‘ordinary place’, where people live their everyday lives and make ends meet. Drawing on earlier research about connections between language and representation in the construction of marginalized places, this paper discusses the possible consequences of hyperbolic and sensationalistic discourse, arguing for a more nuanced portrayal of the Kibera community and its residents – depictions that won’t further marginalise Kibera and its people, nor romanticize life in this highly populated low-income community.
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Nyadu-Larbi, Kwasi. "The slum problem of urban Ghana : a case study of the Kumasi Zongo." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 2001. http://radar.gsa.ac.uk/4066/.
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Neumark, Thomas Richard. "Caring for relations : an ethnography of unconditional cash transfers in a Nairobi slum." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708394.
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Das, Ashok Kumar. "Lofty ideal, hefty deal empowerment through participatory slum upgrading in India and Indonesia /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679308191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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