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1
Reames, Larissa J., and David J. Stensrud. "Sensitivity of Simulated Urban–Atmosphere Interactions in Oklahoma City to Urban Parameterization." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 5 (May 2017): 1405–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0223.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe world’s population is increasingly concentrated in large urban areas. Many observational and modeling studies have explored how these large, population-dense cities modify local and mesoscale atmospheric phenomena. These modeling studies often use an urban canopy model to parameterize urban surfaces. However, it is unclear whether this approach is appropriate for more suburban cities, such as those found in the Great Plains. Thus, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model was run for a week over Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and results were compared with observations. Overall, four configurations were examined. Two simulations used the Noah LSM, one with all urban areas removed (CTRL), and the other with urban areas parameterized by a modified Noah land surface model with three urban categories (LSMMOD). Additional simulations utilized a single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) either with default urban fraction values (SLUCM1) or with urban fractions taken from the National Land Cover Database (SLUCM2). Results from the three urban runs compared favorably to high-density temperature observations of the urban heat island. The SLUCM1 run was the most realistic, although the urban fractions applied were the least representative of Oklahoma City. All urban runs also produced a drier and deeper planetary boundary layer over the city. The prediction of near-surface winds was most problematic, with the two SLUCM runs unable to correctly reproduce reduced wind speeds over the city. The modified Noah LSM provided best overall agreement with observations and represents a reasonable option for simulating the urban effects of more-suburban cities.
2
Wang, Jian, Jingbo Mao, Yan Zhang, Tiantao Cheng, Qi Yu, Jiani Tan, and Weichun Ma. "Simulating the Effects of Urban Parameterizations on the Passage of a Cold Front During a Pollution Episode in Megacity Shanghai." Atmosphere 10, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urbanization significantly influences meteorological conditions and air quality. Statistically, air pollution in the megacity of Shanghai usually occurs with cold weather fronts. An air pollution episode during a cold front was simulated using weather research and forecasting and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality model system. In this study, we used two urban schemes, a simple bulk scheme (denoted BULK) and the single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM), to check the effects of urban parameterization. Our results showed that SLUCM better predicted the arrival time and cooling process of the cold front and more realistically simulated the moving process of the cold front. The improvement in the temperature and relative humidity simulation achieved using SLUCM was more effective under higher urbanization levels, whereas the wind speed simulation was better in rural areas. The simulated concentrations at sites with high urbanization were obviously improved by urban parameterization. The barrier role of the urban canopy during a cold front was better represented and was shown to cause a wider polluted area and higher pollutant concentration using SLUCM than with BULK. Overall, accurate meteorological simulations in the atmospheric boundary layer using SLUCM are expected to provide good prediction of urban air quality.
3
Nemunaitis-Berry, Kodi L., Petra M. Klein, Jeffrey B. Basara, and Evgeni Fedorovich. "Sensitivity of Predictions of the Urban Surface Energy Balance and Heat Island to Variations of Urban Canopy Parameters in Simulations with the WRF Model." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 3 (March 2017): 573–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0157.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAs NWP and climate models continue to evolve toward finer grid spacing, efforts have been undertaken to better represent urban effects. For this study, the single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) of the High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS) and WRF Model was used to investigate the sensitivity of near-surface air temperatures and energy fluxes to SLUCM parameters in uncoupled (land) and coupled (land–atmosphere) predictions. Output from HRLDAS and WRF was compared with observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet and Joint Urban 2003 experiment. Variations in roof albedo (0.04–0.4) produced 40–135 W m−2 changes in net radiation and sensible heat fluxes. Sensible and ground heat fluxes varied by 40–100 W m−2 with changes in roof thermal conductivity (0.05–1.4). The urban fraction was found to be the only SLUCM parameter to significantly impact latent heat fluxes. Near-surface air temperatures, particularly during the daytime, did not show significant variations with SLUCM parameters (remaining within the 0.5-K range). Differences in urban air temperatures due to the change in boundary layer scheme were greater than the temperature changes due to SLUCM parameter variations. The sensitivity of near-surface air temperatures to SLUCM parameters depended on the method used to calculate the skin temperature of the impervious surface. For all simulations, predicted 2-m urban air temperatures were consistently higher than observations, with deviations approaching 8 K during the day and below 3 K at night. These large errors affected the model’s skill in reproducing the diurnal cycle of UHI intensity.
4
Brownlee, James, Pallav Ray, Mukul Tewari, and Haochen Tan. "Relative Role of Turbulent and Radiative Flux on the Near-Surface Temperature in a Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model over Houston." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 8 (August 2017): 2173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0088.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNumerical simulations without hydrological processes tend to overestimate the near-surface temperatures over urban areas. This is presumably due to underestimation of surface latent heat flux. To test this hypothesis, the existing single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is evaluated over Houston, Texas. Three simulations were conducted during 24–26 August 2000. The simulations include the use of the default “BULK” urban scheme, the SLUCM without hydrological processes, and the SLUCM with hydrological processes. The results show that the BULK scheme was least accurate, and it overestimated the near-surface temperatures and winds over the urban regions. In the presence of urban hydrological processes, the SLUCM underestimates these parameters. An analysis of the surface heat fluxes suggests that the error in the BULK scheme is due to a lack of moisture at the urban surface, whereas the error in the SLUCM with hydrological processes is due to increases in moisture at the urban surface. These results confirm earlier studies in which changes in near-surface temperature were primarily due to the changes in the turbulent (latent and sensible heat) fluxes in the presence of hydrological processes. The contribution from radiative flux was about one-third of that from turbulent flux. In the absence of hydrological processes, however, the results indicate that the changes in radiative flux contribute more to the near-surface temperature changes than the turbulent heat flux. The implications of these results are discussed.
5
Ao, Xiangyu, and Ning Zhang. "Parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model in the Megacity of Shanghai." Advances in Meteorology 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7351150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to meet the demand of more refined urban weather forecast, it is of great practical significance to improve and optimize the single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) suitable for the megacity of Shanghai. In this paper, based on the offline SLUCM model driven by a whole-year surface flux observation data in the Shanghai central business district, a series of parameter sensitivity tests are carried out by using the one at a time (OAT) method, the relative importance and a set of optimized parameters of the SLUCM suitable for high-density urban area are established, and the improvement of simulation is evaluated. The results show that SLUCM well reproduces the seasonal mean diurnal patterns of the net all-wave radiation flux ( Q ∗ ) and sensible heat flux (QH) but underestimates their magnitudes. Both Q ∗ and QH are linearly sensitive to the albedo, and most sensitive to the roof albedo, the second to the wall albedo, but relatively insensitive to the road albedo. The sensitivity of Q ∗ and QH to emissivity is not as strong as that of albedo, and the variation trend is also linear. Similar to albedo, Q ∗ and QH are most sensitive to roof emissivity. The effect of thermal parameters (heat capacity and conductivity) on fluxes is logarithmic. The sensitivity of surface fluxes to geometric parameters has no specific variation pattern. After parameter optimization, RMSE of Q ∗ decreases by about 3.4–18.7 Wm−2 in four seasons. RMSE of the longwave radiation (L↑) decreases by about 1.2–7.87 Wm−2. RMSE of QH decreases by about 2–5 Wm−2. This study provides guidance for future development of the urban canopy model parameterizations and urban climate risk response.
6
Hu, Yan, Jianguo Tan, Sue Grimmond, Xiangyu Ao, Yafei Yan, and Dongwei Liu. "Observed and Modeled Urban Heat Island and Sea-Breeze Circulation Interactions: A Shanghai Case Study." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 61, no. 3 (March 2022): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0246.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Urban heat island (UHI) and sea–land-breeze systems are well-known and important characteristics of the climate of coastal cities. To model these, the accurate estimation of the surface energy balance (SEB) is a key factor needed to improve local-scale simulations of thermodynamic and dynamic boundary circulations. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with a single-layer urban canopy model (WRF/SLUCM), with parameters derived from MODIS and local GIS information, is used to investigate the UHI and sea-breeze circulations (SBC) in the megacity of Shanghai. The WRF/SLUCM can reproduce observed urban radiation and SEB fluxes, near-surface meteorological variables, and the evolution of the UHI and SBC. Simulations for an August period show the maximum UHI tends to drift northwest in the afternoon, driven by the prevailing southeast wind. The sea breeze lasts for about 4 h and is strongest between 1200 and 1400 local time (UTC + 8 h). The interaction between UHI and SBC is evident with low-level convergence, upward motion, and moisture transport from the sea and urban breezes simulated. An urban circulation (horizontal/vertical/time scales: ∼20 km/∼1.5 km/∼3 h) with thermal vertical motions (∼1.5 m s−1) above the urban area and an SBC (horizontal/vertical/time scales: 6–7 km/∼1 km/2–3-h) above the northern coastal suburb occur. Combined the sea breeze and southerly winds form a low-level wind shear (convergence zone) ∼5 km from the coast that penetrates ∼20 km inland to the urban center. Using the WRF/SLUCM simulations we improve understanding of the complex spatial dynamics of summertime urban heating in coastal megacities, such as Shanghai.
7
Zhao, Wenjing, Ning Zhang, Jianning Sun, and Jun Zou. "Evaluation and Parameter-Sensitivity Study of a Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM) with Measurements in Nanjing, China." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 1078–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0129.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An offline single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) was driven by the surface energy balance observations in winter in Nanjing, China, to evaluate the capability of the model to simulate the urban surface energy balance. The results of the evaluation suggest that the simulated daytime net radiation is approximately 20% lower than the observed and display relatively high systematic error, which is due to the relatively poor capacity of the model to simulate the daytime longwave radiation (which is underestimated by approximately 35%). By contrast, the simulated sensible heat flux shows mainly unsystematic error. Moreover, the one-at-a-time method is used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the major factors affecting the surface energy balance are the albedo, the thermal conductivity, and the roof and wall volumetric heat capacity. The influences of the shape of the street canyon and the average height of buildings are relatively weaker. The effects of the albedo on the fluxes are nearly linear. The effects of the thermal parameters are approximately logarithmic. Furthermore, the simulated sensible heat flux in the SLUCM is insensitive to the morphological parameters of the buildings.
8
Huszar, P., T. Halenka, M. Belda, M. Zak, K. Sindelarova, and J. Miksovsky. "Regional climate model assessment of the urban land-surface forcing over central Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 12 (July 14, 2014): 18541–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-18541-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the climate impact of cities and urban surfaces in general on climate of central Europe, the surface parameterization in regional climate model RegCM4 has been extended with the Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM). A set of experiments was performed over the period of 2005–2009 for central Europe, either without considering urban surfaces or with the SLUCM treatment. Results show a statistically significant impact of urbanized surfaces on temperature (up to 1.5 K increase in summer) as well as on the boundary layer height (increases up to 50 m). Urbanization further influences surface wind with a winter decrease up to −0.6 m s−1, though both increases and decreases were detected in summer depending on the location relative to the cities and daytime (changes up to 0.3 m s−1). Urban surfaces significantly reduce evaporation and thus the humidity over the surface. This impacts the simulated summer precipitation rate, showing decrease over cities up to −2 mm day−1. Significant temperature increases are simulated over higher elevations as well, not only within the urban canopy layer. With the urban parameterization, the climate model better describes the diurnal temperature variation, reducing the cold afternoon and evening bias of RegCM4. Sensitivity experiments were carried out to quantify the response of the meteorological conditions to changes in the parameters specific to the urban environment such as street width, building height, albedo of the roofs and anthropogenic heat release. The results proved to be rather robust and the choice of the key SLUCM parameters impacts them only slightly (mainly temperature, boundary layer height and wind velocity). Statistically significant impacts are modeled not only over large urbanized areas, but the influence of the cities is also evident over rural areas without major urban surfaces. It is shown that this is the result of the combined effect of the distant influence of the cities and the influence of the minor local urban surface coverage.
9
Huszar, P., T. Halenka, M. Belda, M. Zak, K. Sindelarova, and J. Miksovsky. "Regional climate model assessment of the urban land-surface forcing over central Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 22 (November 26, 2014): 12393–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12393-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the climate impact of cities and urban surfaces in general on climate of central Europe, the surface parameterization in regional climate model RegCM4 has been extended with the Single-layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM). A set of experiments was performed over the period of 2005–2009 for central Europe, either without considering urban surfaces or with the SLUCM treatment. Results show a statistically significant impact of urbanized surfaces on temperature (up to 1.5 K increase in summer) as well as on the boundary layer height (increases up to 50 m). Urbanization further influences surface wind with a winter decrease up to −0.6 m s−1, though both increases and decreases were detected in summer depending on the location relative to the cities and daytime (changes up to 0.3 m s−1). Urban surfaces significantly reduce the humidity over the surface. This impacts the simulated summer precipitation rate, showing a decrease over cities of up to −2 mm day−1. Significant temperature increases are simulated over higher altitudes as well, not only within the urban canopy layer. With the urban parameterization, the climate model better describes the diurnal temperature variation, reducing the cold afternoon and evening bias of RegCM4. Sensitivity experiments were carried out to quantify the response of the meteorological conditions to changes in the parameters specific to the urban environment, such as street width, building height, albedo of the roofs and anthropogenic heat release. The results proved to be rather robust and the choice of the key SLUCM parameters impacts them only slightly (mainly temperature, boundary layer height and wind velocity). Statistically significant impacts are modelled not only over large urbanized areas, but the influence of the cities is also evident over rural areas without major urban surfaces. It is shown that this is the result of the combined effect of the distant influence of the cities and the influence of the minor local urban surface coverage.
10
Silva, Rui, Ana Cristina Carvalho, David Carvalho, and Alfredo Rocha. "Study of Urban Heat Islands Using Different Urban Canopy Models and Identification Methods." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work aims to compare the performance of the single‑(SLUCM) and multilayer (BEP-Building effect parameterization) urban canopy models (UCMs) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), along with the application of two urban heat island (UHI) identification methods. The identification methods are: (1) the “classic method”, based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas; (2) the “local method” based on the temperature difference at each urban location when the model land use is considered urban, and when it is replaced by the dominant rural land use category of the urban surroundings. The study is performed as a case study for the city of Lisbon, Portugal, during the record-breaking August 2003 heatwave event. Two main differences were found in the UHI intensity (UHII) and spatial distribution between the identification methods: a reduction by half in the UHII during nighttime when using the local method; and a dipole signal in the daytime and nighttime UHI spatial pattern when using the classic method, associated with the sheltering effect provided by the high topography in the northern part of the city, that reduces the advective cooling in the lower areas under prevalent northern wind conditions. These results highlight the importance of using the local method in UHI modeling studies to fully isolate urban canopy and regional geographic contributions to the UHII and distribution. Considerable improvements were obtained in the near‑surface temperature representation by coupling WRF with the UCMs but better with SLUCM. The nighttime UHII over the most densely urbanized areas is lower in BEP, which can be linked to its larger nocturnal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) near the surface and negative sensible heat (SH) fluxes. The latter may be associated with the lower surface skin temperature found in BEP, possibly owing to larger turbulent SH fluxes near the surface. Due to its higher urban TKE, BEP significantly overestimates the planetary boundary layer height compared with SLUCM and observations from soundings. The comparison with a previous study for the city of Lisbon shows that BEP model simulation results heavily rely on the number and distribution of vertical levels within the urban canopy.
11
Vahmani, Pouya, and Terri S. Hogue. "Incorporating an Urban Irrigation Module into the Noah Land Surface Model Coupled with an Urban Canopy Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 4 (July 30, 2014): 1440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0121.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The current research examines the influence of irrigation on urban hydrological cycles through the development of an irrigation scheme within the Noah land surface model (LSM)–Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM) system. The model is run at a 30-m resolution for a 2-yr period over a 49 km2 urban domain in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. A sensitivity analysis indicates significant sensitivity relative to both the amount and timing of irrigation on diurnal and monthly energy budgets, hydrological fluxes, and state variables. Monthly residential water use data and three estimates of outdoor water consumption are used to calibrate the developed irrigation scheme. Model performance is evaluated using a previously developed MODIS–Landsat evapotranspiration (ET) and Landsat land surface temperature (LST) products as well as hourly ET observations through the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). Results show that the Noah LSM–SLUCM realistically simulates the diurnal and seasonal variations of ET when the irrigation module is incorporated. However, without irrigation, the model produces large biases in ET simulations. The ET errors for the nonirrigation simulations are −56 and −90 mm month−1 for July 2003 and 2004, respectively, while these values decline to −6 and −11 mm month−1 over the same 2 months when the proposed irrigation scheme is adopted. Results show that the irrigation-induced increase in latent heat flux leads to a decrease in LST of about 2°C in urban parks. The developed modeling framework can be utilized for a number of applications, ranging from outdoor water use estimation to climate change impact assessments.
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Fijneman, Remond J. A., Sandra S. de Vries, Ritsert C. Jansen, and Peter Demant. "Complex interactions of new quantitative trait loci, Sluc1, Sluc2, Sluc3, and Sluc4, that influence the susceptibility to lung cancer in the mouse." Nature Genetics 14, no. 4 (December 1996): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1296-465.
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Bhavana, M., K. Gupta, and P. K. Pal. "URBAN MICRO CLIMATE MODELLING USING DIFFERENT URBAN PHYISCS SCHEMES AND HIGH RESOLUTION LULC WITH WRF MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-491-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban areas are treated as a single entity by mesoscale urban canopy models (UCM) for assessing the influence of urban morphology on climate. Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) coupled with UCM along with urban physics options to describe the urban features such as Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM), Building Energy Parameterization (BEP) and Building Energy Model (BEM) which enumerates the influence of urban features on the local scale other than the bulk parameterization (no urban physics option), which is generally used in most of the operational forecasting models. Besides, WRF model also enables to integrate multi-class Urban Land Use Land Cover (LULC) whereas most of the globally available LULC depict urban area as single urban built-up class. This study aims to analyze performance of high resolution urban LULC and urban physics options for Chandigarh area by downscaling climatic variables up to 1km and its validation with the ground observation data. The inner domain (1<span class="thinspace"></span>km resolution) was configured with default LULC for one set of simulations and multi-class urban LULC for other set of simulations. All the simulations were carried out for 3 days (August 19&ndash;21, 2017) due to computational restrictions by employing all the four urban physics options. It has been found that multi-class urban LULC yielded better results than single class urban built –up simulation when validated with respect to ground observation. The RMSE values for multi-class urban LULC provided less RMSE than single class urban LULC, those are in terms of temperature at 2<span class="thinspace"></span>m, relative humidity and wind speed are 0.91<span class="thinspace"></span>&deg;C, 2.63% and 1.82<span class="thinspace"></span>m/s respectively. Similarly, BEP+BEM urban physics option provided reduced RMSE values than the SLUCM and BEP scheme. The RMSE values in terms of temperature at 2<span class="thinspace"></span>m, relative humidity and wind speed are 1.11<span class="thinspace"></span>&deg;C, 4.39% and 2.62<span class="thinspace"></span>m/s respectively.</p>
14
Li, Xian-Xiang, and Xuan Liu. "Effect of tree evapotranspiration and hydrological processes on urban microclimate in a tropical city: A WRF/SLUCM study." Urban Climate 40 (December 2021): 101009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101009.
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Zhao, Yanru, Xiaomin Zhao, Xinyi Huang, Jiaxin Guo, and Guohui Chen. "Identifying a Period of Spatial Land Use Conflicts and Their Driving Forces in the Pearl River Delta." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial land use conflicts (SLUCs) are a critical issue worldwide due to the scarcity of land resources and diversified human demand. Despite many time-series studies of SLUCs, comprehensive research on SLUCs and their driving factors over a long period remain limited. This study was conducted in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, Guangdong Province, China. We constructed a landscape ecological risk assessment model to calculate annual SLUC values and analyze their spatiotemporal distribution over 30 years. K-means clustering analysis was used to cluster SLUC values for 1990–2005 and 2006–2020, yielding comprehensive conflict intensity data for each period. The major factors driving the spatial differentiation of SLUCs and their interactions in each period were identified using an optimal parameter-based geographical detector model. The results show that SLUCs varied significantly over time, with an overall decreasing trend and distinct spatial heterogeneity. Comprehensive conflict intensity for each period was characterized by low values in the peripheral regions and high values in central parts of the study area, which tended to decrease from 1990–2005 to 2006–2020. SLUCs were heavily dependent on topographical (slope and elevation) and environmental (normalized difference vegetation index) factors. Socio-economic factors (gross domestic product and population density) were also major contributors to the spatial differentiation of SLUCs. The explanatory power of multiple interacting factors on SLUCs was enhanced compared with that of individual factors. The explanatory power of the driving factors varied, and their interactions decreased over time. The results may facilitate the rational government planning of regional land use and thus effectively mitigate SLUC intensity at the macro level.
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Tan, Haochen, Pallav Ray, Mukul Tewari, James Brownlee, and Ajaya Ravindran. "Response of Near-Surface Meteorological Conditions to Advection under Impact of the Green Roof." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to rapid urbanization, the near-surface meteorological conditions over urban areas are greatly modulated. To capture such modulations, sophisticated urban parameterizations with enhanced hydrological processes have been developed. In this study, we use the single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) available within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to assess the response of near-surface temperature, wind, and moisture to advection under the impact of the green roof. An ensemble of simulations with different planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes is conducted in the presence (green roof (GR)) and absence (control (CTL)) of green roof systems. Our results indicate that the near-surface temperature is found to be driven primarily by the surface heat flux with a minor influence from the zonal advection of temperature. The momentum budget analysis shows that both zonal and meridional momentum advection during the evening and early nighttime plays an important role in modulating winds over urban areas. The near-surface humidity remains nearly unchanged in GR compared to CTL, although the physical processes that determine the changes in humidity were different, in particular during the evening when the GR tends to have less moisture advection due to the reduced temperature gradient between the urban areas and the surroundings. Implications of our results are discussed.
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Li, Zhiqiang, Yulun Zhou, Bingcheng Wan, Hopun Chung, Bo Huang, and Biao Liu. "Model evaluation of high-resolution urban climate simulations: using the WRF/Noah LSM/SLUCM model (Version 3.7.1) as a case study." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 4571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4571-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The veracity of urban climate simulation models should be systematically evaluated to demonstrate the trustworthiness of these models against possible model uncertainties. However, existing studies paid insufficient attention to model evaluation; most studies only provided some simple comparison lines between modelled variables and their corresponding observed ones on the temporal dimension. Challenges remain since such simple comparisons cannot concretely prove that the simulation of urban climate behaviours is reliable. Studies without systematic model evaluations, being ambiguous or arbitrary to some extent, may lead to some seemingly new but scientifically misleading findings. To tackle these challenges, this article proposes a methodological framework for the model evaluation of high-resolution urban climate simulations and demonstrates its effectiveness with a case study in the area of Shenzhen and Hong Kong SAR, China. It is intended to (again) remind urban climate modellers of the necessity of conducting systematic model evaluations with urban-scale climatology modelling and reduce these ambiguous or arbitrary modelling practices.
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Giannaros, Christos, Athanasios Nenes, Theodore M. Giannaros, Konstantinos Kourtidis, and Dimitrios Melas. "A comprehensive approach for the simulation of the Urban Heat Island effect with the WRF/SLUCM modeling system: The case of Athens (Greece)." Atmospheric Research 201 (March 2018): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.015.
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Bilang, Ronald Gil Joy P., Ariel C. Blanco, Justine Ace S. Santos, and Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera. "Simulation of Urban Heat Island during a High-Heat Event Using WRF Urban Canopy Models: A Case Study for Metro Manila." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This present study aims to determine the performance of using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the urban canopy models (UCMs), in simulating the 2 m air temperature and 2 m relative humidity in Metro Manila. The simulation was performed during a high heat event on 22–29 April 2018, which coincided with the dry season in the Philippines. The four urban canopy model options that were used in this study include, the bulk (no urban), SLUCM, BEP, and BEM. The results of the simulations were compared with the hourly observations from three weather stations over Metro Manila from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Integrated Surface Dataset (ISD) and one agrometeorological station in Naic, Cavite. After model validation, the urban heat island (UHI) was then characterized to determine the spatial-temporal variations in the cities of Metro Manila. Statistical results show that the WRF simulation for 2 m air temperature agrees with measurements with an RMSE of <3.0 °C, mean bias error of <2.0 °C, and index of agreement of >0.80. WRF simulation for relative humidity still presents a challenge where simulation errors are higher than the acceptable range. The addition of UCMs does not necessarily improve the simulation for 2 m air temperature, while the use of BEP improved the 2 m relative humidity simulation. The results suggest the importance of using actual urban morphology values in WRF to accurately simulate near-surface variables. On the other hand, WRF simulation shows the presence of urban heat islands, notably in the northwest and central area of Metro Manila during daytime, extending throughout Metro Manila during nighttime. Lower air temperature was consistently observed in areas near Laguna Lake, while higher air temperature due to stagnant winds was observed in the northwest area of Metro Manila. High heat index was also observed throughout Metro Manila from daytime until nighttime, especially in areas near bodies of water like Manila Bay and Laguna Lake due to high humidity.
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Li, Zhiqiang, Bingcheng Wan, Yulun Zhou, and Hokit Wong. "Incoming data quality control in high-resolution urban climate simulations: a Hong Kong–Shenzhen area urban climate simulation as a case study using the WRF/Noah LSM/SLUCM model (Version 3.7.1)." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 6349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6349-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The growth of computational power unleashed the potential of high-resolution urban climate simulations using limited-area models in recent years. This trend empowered us to deepen our understanding of urban-scale climatology with much finer spatial–temporal details. However, these high-resolution models would also be particularly sensitive to model uncertainties, especially in urbanizing cities where natural surface texture is changed artificially into impervious surfaces with extreme rapidity. These artificial changes always lead to dramatic changes in the land surface process. While models capturing detailed meteorological processes are being refined continuously, the input data quality has been the primary source of biases in modeling results but has received inadequate attention. To address this issue, we first examine the quality of the incoming static data in two cities in China, i.e., Shenzhen and Hong Kong SAR, provided by the WRF ARW model, a widely applied state-of-the-art mesoscale numerical weather simulation model. Shenzhen has gone through an unprecedented urbanization process in the past 30 years, and Hong Kong SAR is another well-urbanized city. A significant proportion of the incoming data is outdated, highlighting the necessity of conducting incoming data quality control in the region of Shenzhen and Hong Kong SAR. Therefore, we proposed a sophisticated methodology to develop a high-resolution land surface dataset in this region. We conducted urban climate simulations in this region using both the developed land surface dataset and the original dataset utilizing the WRF ARW model coupled with Noah LSM/SLUCM and evaluated the performance of modeling results. The performance of modeling results using the developed high-resolution urban land surface datasets is significantly improved compared to modeling results using the original land surface dataset in this region. This result demonstrates the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Our results provide evidence of the effects of incoming land surface data quality on the accuracy of high-resolution urban climate simulations and emphasize the importance of the incoming data quality control.
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Jose Paul, Neha Itty. "Critical Analysis of Slum Tourism: A Retrospective on Bangalore." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.16.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum tourism is a relatively unknown and controversial niche tourism segment. This form of tourism is mainly found in small pockets around the so-called third world. Slum tourism is famous in the Kibera slum in Nairobi and the Rochina slum in Rio de Janeiro. The largest slum in Asia, the Dharavi slum, became popular notably through the release of the Oscar-winning movie “Slumdog Millionaire” which highlighted the slum in Mumbai and thus brought the much-needed limelight on slum tourism otherwise known as poverty tourism. Slum tourism is the act of visiting low-income settlements also known as Favelas or simply as slums. Slum tourism has received mixed reviews of both a positive and negative character. A negative approach due to the very reason of it being seen as a means of showcasing the poor for the benefit of inquisitive tourists and critics say this form of tourism is voyeuristic and leads to the ill-treatment of slum dwellers. However, slum tourism can also lead to positive outcomes if managed in a sustainable manner it can develop employment opportunities for the slum dwellers. This paper deals with whether or not slum tourism has the potential of being developed in Bangalore, to find out if the much hype about slum tourism in Mumbai has created any demand for this niche market in Bangalore. A quantitative research methodology is used to investigate the matter. A survey and correlation analysis were conducted to delve into slum tours perspective of customers and travel agents of Bangalore. Findings of the study reveal that the potential customers or tourists are keen on taking such tours where as travel agents do not conduct slum tours as the profit margins are low.
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Budko, О. "Comparison of southern part of Volyn and Zhytomyr Polissya river valleys (for example Horyn and Sluch)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 45 (May 20, 2014): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.45.1197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the article a Horyn and Sluch river valleys are described. Terrace levels are allocated, the structure of valleys as a whole is analyzed. Special attention is concentrated on differences in geomorphologic structure of the river Sluch within the Ukrainian shield and Volyn-Podilska plate. Identified and characterized the different parts of the Goryn and Sluch valleys. The conclusions about the role of structural, lithological and other factors in the construction of river valleys are maked. Key words: river valley, terrace, Sluch, Goryn, alluvium, Polissya.
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Kulasekhar, M., and K. Dasaratharamaih. "Health Problems of Slum Dwelling Women: An Empirical Analysis." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i3.2440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The slum dwellers are generally suffering from various diseases with a high rate comparatively non-slum population in urban India. The women living in slum areas are mainly suffering from seasonal viral fevers, cough and cold, asthma, and other infectious diseases. The study shows that 39 % of slum women have poor health status. The reasons for poor health among slum women are malnutrition, unhygienic condition, lack of precautionary measures, and bad habits among them. About 37% of SC women, 30% each of ST and BC slum women, and 20% of OC women are frequently falling sick with various diseases. It is observed that 31% of the slum-dwelling women are getting treatment from RMP doctors, followed by 30% of slum women from private allopathy doctors, and only 18% of slum women are visiting Govt. hospital for their medical treatment. Only 29% of slum women are regularly visiting hospitals for their medical checkups. A majority of 62% of slum women have a habit of consuming alcohol and tobacco-related products, and out of them, 79% of women are facing health problems due to a habit of consuming alcohol and tobacco.
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Koster, Martijn, and Pieter A. de Vries. "Slum politics." Focaal 2012, no. 62 (March 1, 2012): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.620107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article envisages slum dwellers' politics in Recife, Brazil as a realm of possibility in which care and recognition are central. Community leaders are its main facilitators as articulators of slum dwellers' needs and aspirations. The article's notion of slum politics is an elaboration of Chatterjee's (2004) ideas on popular politics as a “politics of the governed.“ Yet the article critiques the governmentality perspective for its inability to envisage a politics of hope and possibility. It distinguishes among slum politics, governmental politics (projects and programs), and electoral politics (voting), which are entwined and interdependent, but different. Zooming in on a community leader's urban agriculture project, the article argues that this project, which from an outsiders' perspective may be considered non-viable, provided slum dwellers with possibilities to strive for community solidarity and personal recognition. Slum politics, the article concludes, is about claiming the right to be counted and recognized, and about the care for the other.
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Baxendine, D. "Slum clinics." Occupational Medicine 65, no. 3 (March 29, 2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqu201.
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Tousignant, Charles, and Nora Morales. "City slum." I. La prévention : un travail sur le social, no. 11 (January 18, 2016): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034620ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis plus de dix ans qu’elle est connue des services sociaux, la famille Grouillant est considérée par les institutions comme « un milieu criminogène ». En fait, il y a eu au cours de ces dix dernières années, de nombreuses interventions auprès des Grouillant. Toutes ont plus ou moins échoué. Le dossier Grouillant se présente sous forme d’une volumineuse liasse de huit pouces de documents, d’évaluations, de lettres, de notes, etc. Cette écriture brute reflète la quotidienneté de l’exercice du contrôle social par les institutions. Or dans toute leur authenticité, ces documents plaident plutôt pour la famille Grouillant que pour la pratique du travail social. C’est un travail social judiciarisé qui fonctionne sur le mode du secret, à travers des documents confidentiels, à travers le huis clos de réunions entre intervenants d’où sont totalement exclus les principaux concernés : les Grouillant. Dans la mesure où le contrôle social qui caractérise ce type de travail social plus que tout autre s’exerce en permanence sur la quotidienneté, il est essentiel de le prendre sur le vif, de le laisser discourir dans toute sa vérité nue. C’est ce que propose cet article qui, dans un deuxième acte, nous permet de rencontrer les Grouillant dans leur vie de tous les jours.
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Antony, Mary Grace. "“Slum-Pups No More”: Rescuing India's Slum Children." Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 41, no. 1 (March 2012): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2011.626061.
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WELTER, VOLKER M. "’Slum, Semi-slum, Super-slum’ — Some reflections by Patrick Geddes on Edinburgh's New Town." Architectural Heritage 10, no. 1 (November 1999): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/arch.1999.10.1.66.
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WELTER, VOLKER M. "’Slum, Semi-slum, Super-slum’ — Some reflections by Patrick Geddes on Edinburgh's New Town." Architectural Heritage 10, no. 10 (January 1999): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/arch.1999.10.10.66.
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Lilford, Richard, Catherine Kyobutungi, Robert Ndugwa, Jo Sartori, Samuel I. Watson, Richard Sliuzas, Monika Kuffer, Timothy Hofer, Joao Porto de Albuquerque, and Alex Ezeh. "Because space matters: conceptual framework to help distinguish slum from non-slum urban areas." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 2 (April 2019): e001267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite an estimated one billion people around the world living in slums, most surveys of health and well-being do not distinguish between slum and non-slum urban residents. Identifying people who live in slums is important for research purposes and also to enable policymakers, programme managers, donors and non-governmental organisations to better target investments and services to areas of greatest deprivation. However, there is no consensus on what a slum is let alone how slums can be distinguished from non-slum urban precincts. Nor has attention been given to a more fine-grained classification of urban spaces that might go beyond a simple slum/non-slum dichotomy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to help tackle the related issues of slum definition and classification of the urban landscape. We discuss:The concept of space as an epidemiological variable that results in ‘neighbourhood effects’.The problems of slum area definition when there is no ‘gold standard’.A long-list of variables from which a selection must be made in defining or classifying urban slum spaces.Methods to combine any set of identified variables in an operational slum area definition.Two basic approaches to spatial slum area definitions—top-down (starting with a predefined area which is then classified according to features present in that area) and bottom-up (defining the areal unit based on its features).Different requirements of a slum area definition according to its intended use.Implications for research and future development.
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Astuti, Khristiana Dwi, Pangi Pangi, and Bayu Ika Mahendra. "Impact of Infrastructure Availability to The Level of Slum Area in Banyumanik District." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 20, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v20i1.13231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum especially in big cities such as Semarang City occurred not only in the inner city but also spread tothe suburbs of Semarang City, one of them in Banyumanik District. Based on the Decree of Mayor of Semarang no.050/801/2014 about Determination of Slum Location at Semarang City, there are 6 (six) urban villages inBanyumanik District which have slum areas. Determination of the slum area is based on the Semarang City SlumInventory Study from 2010 to 2014. As a consequence, it is known that the main problem causing the development of slum settlement is related to the availability of environmental infrastructures : road network, sanitation, clean water, and drainage. This research was conducted to determine the slum level in the slum areas located inBanyumanik district based on the availability of environmental infrastructure. The analysis included descriptive analysis to explain the characteristics of slum settlements and the availability of existing environmental infrastructure, and scoring analysis to determine the impact of the availability of this infrastructure on the slum level.Based on the results of the analysis, shows that the slum settlements in RT 01 / RW IV of Jabungan have the highestslum level in Banyumanik district.
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Janah, Ruhilatul, and A. Sediyo Adi Nugraha. "Application of Remote Sensing Data for Slum Identification Using Geography Information System (Case: Former Harbor, Singaraja City)." Media Komunikasi FPIPS 20, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkfis.v20i1.30421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was conducted in Singaraja City using high-resolution remote sensing images and geographic information systems. The purpose is to use remote sensing images and geographic information systems to identify slum settlements, especially the former harbor area in Singaraja City. Slum settlement is the impact of population growth that is difficult to control. As a result, the remote sensing image can identify three features: slums, non-slum settlement, and non-slum areas. Most slum settlements are located in coastal areas, and non-slum settlements are located in areas close to economic locations and tourist sites and offices. The most significant introduction to slum identification comes from the building area. Based on these results, it can be concluded that slum settlement can be identified through images obtained from Google earth and recognized visually through interpretation keys.
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Osuh, Mary E., Gbemisola A. Oke, Richard J. Lilford, Eme Owoaje, Bronwyn Harris, Olalekan John Taiwo, Godwin Yeboah, et al. "Prevalence and determinants of oral health conditions and treatment needs among slum and non-slum urban residents: Evidence from Nigeria." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 4 (April 22, 2022): e0000297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oral diseases constitute a neglected epidemic in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). An understanding of its distribution and severity in different settings can aid the planning of preventive and therapeutic services. This study assessed the oral health conditions, risk factors, and treatment needs among adult residents in the slum and compared findings with non-slum urban residents in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Multistage sampling was used to select adult (≥18-years) residents from a slum and a non-slum urban sites. Information sought from participants included dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and the use of dental services. Oral examinations were performed in line with WHO guidelines. Associations were examined using logistic regression. Mediation analysis was undertaken using generalized structural equation modeling. The sample comprised 678 slum and 679 non-slum residents. Median age in slum vs non-slum was 45 (IQR:32–50) versus 38 (IQR:29–50) years. Male: female ratio was 1:2 in both sites. Prevalence of oral diseases (slum vs non-slum sites): dental caries (27% vs 23%), gingival bleeding (75% vs 53%) and periodontal pocket (23% vs 16%). The odds of having dental caries were 21% higher for the slum dwellers compared to non-slum residents (OR = 1.21, 95% CI:0.94 to 1.56); and 50% higher for periodontal pocket (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.98), after adjusting for age and sex. There was little evidence that tooth cleaning frequency mediated the relationship between place of residence and caries (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.87 to 1.03 [indirect effect], 38% mediated) or periodontal pocket (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.86 to 1.04, 15% mediated). Thirty-five percent and 27% of residents in the slum and non-slum sites respectively required the “prompt and urgent” levels of treatment need. Oral diseases prevalence in both settings are high and the prevalence was generally higher in the slum with correspondingly higher levels of prompt and urgent treatment needs. Participants may benefit from targeted therapeutic and health promotion intervention services.
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Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, and Aakriti Wagle. "Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Under Five Children of Slum and Non-Slum Area of Bharatpur Metropolitian City, Chitwan." BMC Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v2i1.42731.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A cross-sectional and comparative study design was used to evaluate the nutritional status and associated factors among under five years’ children in Bharatpur Metropolitan City's slum and non-slum area. A total of 246 children under the age of 5 (each of 123 from slum and non-slum) were collected from April 1 to 30; 2017 was interviewed by face to face. Height and weight were measured by anthropocentric measurement and age was reported by direct interview for evaluation of nutrition status. The prevalence of wasted, stunted and underweight in the slum area was 4.9%, 28.5% and 6.5% respectively, whereas 4.9% wasted, 21.0% stunted and 5.7% underweight in the non-slum area. The study revealed that in slum as well as non-slum areas, the proportion of wasted was the same. Although maximum number of children in the slum had become stunted and underweight as compared to non-slums, but it was no statistically significant. Factors related to children: sex, early breastfeeding, colostrum feeding, birth weight, breastfeeding exclusiveness and children's number were statistically significant factors for nutritional status in slum while childhood diseases condition was associated factor in non-slum area. Mother related factors: mother occupation, mother height, age of child were associated factors in both settlement. Also, it reveled that that the joint effect was much stronger than the single effect to explorer the predictors of malnuttrition in both settlements.
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Julianda, Arie, Azmeri Azmeri, and Eldina Fatimah. "TINGKAT KEKUMUHAN DAN PENANGANAN PADA PERMUKIMAN DESA BALE ATU KECAMATAN LUT TAWAR KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 3, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v3i2.16563.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aceh Tengah District is one of the districts that have slum settlements. Based on the Decree of the Regent of Central Aceh No. 188.55 / 775 / DCKP / 2014, the determination of housing and slums in Central Aceh District includes 23 villages in 6 sub-districts, with a total area of 189.59 Ha. Bale Atu Village, located in Lut Tawar Subdistrict, is one of the very slum hamlets with a value of 4.22 and has a slum area of 0.56 Ha out of a total area of 2.5 Ha. Besides, Bale Atu Village is located in the center of Takengon City and a trade center as a strategic area, which must be immediately addressed so that slum areas do not expand. This study aims to evaluate the current level of a slum in the village of Bale Atu, and identify the current form of slum settlement. This research uses qualitative methods through observation and interviews and quantitative methods through a weighting system. Evaluation of the level of slum and handling is carried out based on the Technical Guidelines (Juknis) of the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia (Permen PUPR RI) No. 02 / PRT / M / 2016. Evaluation of the level of slum includes aspects of slum conditions, aspects of land legality, and other aspects of consideration. The form of handling is based on the typology of slums and the physical handling of infrastructure. The results showed that the slum level of the settlements in Bale Atu Village was light slum with a total score of 23, and the slum level of all hamlets was a light slum where the total score of Dusun Barat was 31, Dusun Timur was 33, Dusun Utara was 29, and Dusun Selatan of 21. The form of slum settlement in Bale Atu Village is based on typology by handling hilly typology, and based on physical infrastructure, it is carried out through a restoration pattern. The handling of slum settlements in Bale Atu Village and all its hamlets is included in the 3rd priority scale of handling in Laut Tawar District.
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Jayanimitta, Maria Ekacarini, and Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah. "Residents' Assessment in Kaligawe Slum Area, Semarang." Indonesian Journal of Planning and Development 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijpd.4.2.38-48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To reduce slum areas, the government of Semarang City has issued a decree of determination of slum areas in 2014 and initiated some slum upgrading activities from the central and local government. Kaligawe, as one of the areas close to the industrial estate and has many residents, is included in a slum area that must be handled. The slum area in Kaligawe consists of 7.35 hectares from RW 1 – RW 4. In addition to the description of the slum characteristics, residents' assessment is also needed regarding the neighborhood condition. This study aims to analyze residents’ assessment in Kaligawe as one of the slum areas in Semarang. This study applied a questionnaire survey that was distributed to 90 residents of Kelurahan Kaligawe slum area randomly from RW 1 – RW 4 and NUAP Kaligawe 2017 document review as the data collection source. The findings indicated that although Kaligawe has a low socioeconomic level, the residents’ assessment of Kaligawe’s neighborhood is overall good. It is because they are already used to live with recent neighborhood conditions, and also significant improvement resulted due to slum upgrading program in Kaligawe area.
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Yang, Keyan, Jingchen Xing, Pingping Xu, Jianmin Chang, Qingfa Zhang, and Khan Muhammad Usman. "Activated Carbon Microsphere from Sodium Lignosulfonate for Cr(VI) Adsorption Evaluation in Wastewater Treatment." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, activated carbon microsphere (SLACM) was prepared from powdered sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and polystyrene by the Mannich reaction and ZnCl2 activation, which can be used to remove Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution without adding any binder. The SLACM was characterized and the batch experiments were conducted under different initial pH values, initial concentrations, contact time durations and temperatures to investigate the adsorption performance of Cr(VI) onto SLACM. The results indicated that the SLACM surface area and average pore size were 769.37 m2/g and 2.46 nm (the mesoporous material), respectively. It was found that the reduced initial pH value, the increased temperature and initial Cr(VI) concentration were beneficial to Cr(VI) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on SLACM was 227.7 mg/g at an initial pH value of 2 and the temperature of 40 °C. The adsorption of SLACM for Cr(VI) mainly occurred during the initial stages of the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm experimental data were thoroughly described by Elovich and Langmuir models, respectively. SL could be considered as a potential raw material for the production of activated carbon, which had a considerable potential for the Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.
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Latif, Mahmuda Binte, Anjuman Irin, and Jannatul Ferdaus. "Socio-economic and health status of slum dwellers of the Kalyanpur slum in Dhaka city." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 29, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v29i1.29760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was carried out to examine the socio-economic and health condition of slum dwellers of Kalyanpur slum area. The study was both qualitative and quantitative type. In quantitative approach, primary data were used and collected from randomly selected (68 respondents) slum dwellers in the Kalyanpur slum area. The secondary data were collected from journal papers, articles, books, official documents, thesis papers, daily newspapers etc. By analyzing the survey, it is seen that slum dwellers were deprived of basic needs. The study helps to identify the slum problems such as food and housing problems, poor sanitation condition, poor quality or no sewerage and drainage, inadequate educational facilities, lack of utility services like gas facility, electricity connection, piped water supply etc. From this study it is observed that every family live in a slum in unhygienic environment in poor condition. The slum dwellers work as garments workers (24.2%), household workers (13.7%), rickshaw pullers (19.2%), street hawkers, day labourers, masons etc. The range of household income of slum dwellers was about Tk 6,000 - 10,000 and they spent most of their money on food (61.39% of income). It was also seen that most of the slum dwellers were affected by various kinds of seasonal and waterborne diseases like fever, asthma, skin diseases, diarrheoa, jaundice etc. The study finds that poor socio-economic status and inadequacy of urban services has had an immediate effect on urban health specially the slum poor in metropolitan cities in the country.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 73-83, June-2016
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Triharto, Wiyoga. "KONSEP PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PENANGANAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH KEL. SEPANJANG JAYA, KEC. RAWA LUMBU, KOTA BEKASI." J-ENSITEC 8, no. 02 (May 22, 2022): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jensitec.v8i02.2479.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of slum settlements in Indonesia is still the main problem faced in residential areas in cities and districts. The problem of slum settlements is the main issue in Bekasi City. which is quite a polemic with urban problems, high levels of density and heterogeneous activity functions. The purpose of the study was to identify the condition of the slum area of Bekasi City in the Panjang Jaya Village, Rawa Lumbu District to get a concept of improving the quality of handling slum settlements, by analyzing the infrastructure service needs of the slum area and the conditions of settlements in the slum area. The research methodology uses qualitative descriptive methods through primary and secondary data collection by survey and interview methods. To obtain in-depth data and examine slum settlements, this research uses a normative, participatory and facilitative approach.
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Privitera, Donatella. "Investigations Into Slum Tourism." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management in the Digital Age 2, no. 2 (July 2018): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthmda.2018070102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article aims at providing a deep understanding of various aspects of inquiry related to slum tourism or poverty tourism. The visit of favela or slum into a destination is a complex and challenging practice. Touring the poor is increasingly and variously organized by tour operators, local slum communities, and non-governmental organizations. The slum has joined the real of attractions, a sight to see. The research uses a qualitative approach to explore slum tourism in general as well as case study. The Web's effect on tourism is obviously rather important. Moreover, taking “Reality Tours and Travel” - a operator slum websites - as a case, this study attempts to explore issues of the quality of strategic choices on the web. Whilst academic discussion on the theme is evolving rapidly, slum tourism on the web is still a relatively young area of research.
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Arung, Risnayanti, and Mega Ulimaz. "Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kumuh Permukiman Kumuh di Kelurahan Baru Ulu, Kota Balikpapan." Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota 17, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v17i4.37953.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum settlements are one of the problems faced by almost all cities in Indonesia and even other developing countries. UU No. 1 of 2011(1) defines slum settlements as settlements that are unfit for habitation due to building irregularities, high building density levels, and the quality of buildings and facilities and infrastructure that do not meet the requirements. The problem that can be caused is creating inadequate settlements to support the survival of its inhabitants, resulting in a decrease in the welfare, quality and quality of life of the community (2). The Balikpapan city government issued a SK Walikota Balikpapan No. 188.45-667 / 2014(3) concerning the Determination of the Location of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements in the City of Balikpapan, there are a total of 282.20 Ha of slum areas spread across 6 urban villages in the city of Balikpapan. One of the areas stipulated in the decree is located in the Keluarahan Baru Ulu(4) , where this settlement is located close to the city center of Balikpapan. In addition, these slum settlements are located along the coast of Balikpapan Bay which has the potential to cause environmental degradation and disrupt the function of transportation facilities for crossing goods and people who are in direct contact with this slum area. As an effort to reduce slum in the settlements, it is necessary to know the causes of the appearance of slums from various potentially influential aspects. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that cause slum in the slum area of Baru Ulu Village by using the content analysis method to analyze the causes of slum in the research location. Through research, it was found that there are 13 factors that affect slum in Baru Ulu based on stakeholder opinion.
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Mustikasari, Mega. "Gambaran Kekumuhan di Kelurahan Mariso Kecamatan Mariso Kota Makassar." DIKDAS MATAPPA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dasar 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.31100/dikdas.v5i1.1880.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum area is one of the problems which often discovered in big cities, particularly it appears and develops in strategic locations in the center of the city. With such phenomenon as slum, job, kinship, ethnic, religion and other social problems, then it can be said that the life condition of the people is heterogeneous. One of villages in Makassar city which experience social life problems related to slum area is Mariso village in Mariso Sub-district in Makassar City. The objectives of the research are Describe the slum in Mariso Village of Mariso Sub-District in Makassar City. The research employed descriptive approach systematically, factually, and accurately. The data were collected through interview and documentation study technique. The results of the research reveal that is slum in the area based on the variables which are measured in the location of the research. The description of slum in Mariso Village in RW 3 and RW 7 with the slum level is in medium category. It is because each of RW analyzed had the same slum variables.
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Mukhopadhyay, Anupa, and Ashok K. Dutt. "Slum dweller's daily movement pattern in a Calcutta slum." GeoJournal 29, no. 2 (February 1993): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00812815.
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Marwasta, Djaka. "Slum, Development in Yogyakarta City 1970-2000." Forum Geografi 15, no. 1 (July 20, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v15i1.4665.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Slum, a dwelling that is statutorily unfit for human habitation, is still the big problem in, especially, cities of developing countries. This article highlights the development of slums in Yogyakarta City along 1970-2000, and it’s merely focused on spatial and socio-ecological development. The aims of the study is to analyze the distribution and development process of slum dwellings. Distribution of slum area is taken from interpretation of time-series aerial photos. The change of extent and distribution of slum is analyzed using Geographic Information System. To obtain the socio-economic characteristics of slum dwellers, the survey method is chosen. The respondent are selected randomly among head of household that represent each settlement units. Quality of settlement are determined by total score of 15 selected variables. The result shows that the first category of slum was increased 74.4 hectares from year 1970 to 2000, the second category was increased 47.6 hectares, and the third was 131.1 hectares. Nevertheless, the process of slum development in Yogyakarta City includes in "continuous" type, which slowly and long period of creation. Densification and aging process is two of the main causes of slum expansion. Distribution of slum unit were driven by rivers that next to city center. According to this research, it’s found out that the slum dwellers are characterized by the new migrant who had low income and education, working in the informal sector, and renting the house.
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Satu, Shammi Akter, and Rowshon Ara Akter Juthi. "Factors, Nature and Impacts of Slum Dwellers Residential Mobility within the Dhaka City." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n3.355.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pattern of residential mobility varies throughout the world. Slum populations consistently report higher rates of residential mobility than other populations. However, the pattern and the consequences of residential mobility of the slum dwellers are not well studied. Dhaka, the Capital of Bangladesh, has a large population, more than 14 million of which about 1.06 million live in slums with an increase of 60.73 percent in the last 17 years. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the significant factors of residential mobility of slum dwellers; and (2) to examine the patterns of residential mobility of slum dwellers in three slums area located in Dhaka. This study further analyzed the impacts of residential mobility on the socio-economic aspect of the slum dwellers. For this research purpose, 267 households from three slums of Dhaka namely Kallyanpur slum, Agargaon slum, and Karwan Bazar railgate slum were selected through non-probability convenience sampling and interviewed. This study found that residential mobility was influenced by factors which are related to life cycle; employment, income and distress; land tenure and homeownership; neighbourhood condition and grouping issues. Among all the studied variables the most five significant factors influencing residential mobility are slum eviction, unavailability of utility services, marriage, changing job and getting homeownership status. It is revealed that the nature of the residential mobility for the surveyed slum dwellers is mainly negative and it poses a significant impact on the socio-economic aspects of life. The findings of the study pave the way to recommend specific measures for the slum dwellers to improve their condition by lessening the negative impacts of residential mobility.
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Du, R., J. Shi, J. Zou, X. Jiang, Z. Sun, and G. Chen. "A Feasibility Study on workload integration between HT-Condor and Slurm Clusters." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921408004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are two production clusters co-existed in the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP). One is a High Throughput Computing (HTC) cluster with HTCondor as the workload manager, the other is a High Performance Computing (HPC) cluster with Slurm as the workload manager. The resources of the HTCondor cluster are funded by multiple experiments, and the resource utilization reached more than 90% by adopting a dynamic resource share mechanism. Nevertheless, there is a bottleneck if more resources are requested by multiple experiments at the same moment. On the other hand, parallel jobs running on the Slurm cluster reflect some specific attributes, such as high degree of parallelism, low quantity and long wall time. Such attributes make it easy to generate free resource slots which are suitable for jobs from the HTCondor cluster. As a result, if there is a mechanism to schedule jobs from the HTCon-dor cluster to the Slurm cluster transparently, it would improve the resource utilization of the Slurm cluster, and reduce job queue time for the HTCondor cluster. In this proceeding, we present three methods to migrate HTCondor jobs to the Slurm cluster, and concluded that HTCondor-C is more preferred. Furthermore, because design philosophy and application scenes are di↵erent between HTCondor and Slurm, some issues and possible solutions related with job scheduling are presented.
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Adhikari, Anup, Puja Pathak, and Keya Dash. "Equity and disparity in somatotype characteristics of Muslim women of two different places with similar socio-economic but different socio-cultural practice." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Somatotype characteristics of 76 muslim women of same socio-economic status were studied from two slum areas of two different places, one in a metropolitan city and one in a suburban area in West Bengal. Women were selected on convenient way from two slum areas, one in Kolkata, the metropolitan city and one in Contai, suburban town of Medinipur district of West Bengal.Methods: Anthropometric measurement were taken for somatotyping. All measurements for each subject was taken in the same day to avoid Technical Error of Measurement (TEM).Results: All women were aged in between 22 and 38 year. Average height for the muslim women from Kolkata slum area was 150.7 (±3.5) cm and that of Contai was 151.6 (±6.5) cm. Average body weight of the muslim women form the Kolkata slum area was 59.7 (±6.0) kg whereas that of Contai slum area was 55.3 (±11.6) kg. The body type of Muslim women from Kolkata slum area was Mesomorphic Endomorph and that of Contai slum area was also Mesomorphic Endomorph. But the endomorph component of Muslim women from Kolkata slum area was 6.4 (±0.5) which was significantly higher from 5.9 (±0.8) Endomorph component of women from Contai slum area. Similarly mesomorph component of Muslim women from Contai slum area was 3.9(±0.8) which was significantly higher than 3.5(±0.4) mesomorph component of Muslim women from Kolkata slum area. No significant difference was observed in Ectomorph components which were 1.7 (±0.9) and 1.5 (±.09) for Kolkata and Contai respectively.Conclusions: Disparity was found in weight, endomorphy and mesomorphy but equity was found in height and ectomorphy. Equity in height and ectomorphy were due to same ethnical group but disparity in body weight, fattiness and muscularity were due to socio-cultural differences of two places where they live.
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Chair, Miftahul, and Fadly H. Yusran. "Policy Priorities For Improving The Quality Of Slum Settlements In Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia." International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 15 (April 8, 2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Banjarmasin city faces almost the same problems as other big cities in the world, namely slum settlements. One of the factors in the formation of slum settlements in Banjarmasin city is urbanization. The population that continues to increase due to the flow of urbanization causes urban areas to have a very urgent problem, namely the provision of housing facilities. The high price of land in the city center and low-per capita income cause people to tend to look for settlements in suburban areas with inadequate environments and supporting facilities. This research aims to identify the conditions of slum settlements in Banjarmasin City and formulate policy priorities to improve the quality of slum settlements in Banjarmasin City. To answer all these objectives, an integrated settlement management system can be implemented. Comprehensive integration between office holders, stakeholders, and residents will produce a draft policy and slum management scenario. In addition, the policy for sustainable management of slum settlements in Banjarmasin City is also designed using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) approach. The slum settlements in Banjarmasin city are generally caused by geographical location, where most of them are river and swamp areas. Slums are getting worse because of the bad sanitation system. Ecological factor is the main priority factor in improving the quality of slum settlements. This is because if the slum area is able to maintain its ecology, it will be able to overcome disturbances or pressure, maintain or regain its function and shape. Based on AHP analysis, it is also known that the policy priority in improving the quality of slum settlements is by redevelopment. This effort is the rearrangement of part or all of the area for the purpose of managing the slum settlements in Banjarmasin city.
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Dr. Sakreen Hasan. "Relationship between availability of basic amenities and proportion of Slum population in Maharashtra." Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities 6, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): 1343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/jassh.v6i11.551.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The urban centers offering diverse employment opportunities and means of livelihood are the main centers of attraction for migration. But the availability of infrastructure is low to accommodate the invariably growing population. The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, wastewater outlet and clean fuel are critical determinants of quality of urbanization. And if it lacks, then it would facilitates the growth of slum. In this paper it being tried to capture the interdependent relationship between basic amenities and slum population residing in the class I towns in Maharashtra; largest slum populated state of India. As the slum is all about the situation or condition in which the people of medium and lower strata are living.
A detailed analysis of proportion of slum population and availability of amenities which includes good housing condition, treated tap water as the source of drinking water, electricity as the source of lightning, households having latrine and bathing facility within the premises, waste water outlet connected to closed drainage, and households availing the banking facilities. This may be a limitation of the study that only these indicators have been taken to assess the availability of amenities and to calculate the amenity index of class I towns of the state of Maharashtra.
To achieve the sustainable development goal (Sustainable cities and communities), we have to control the growth of slum population and to combat the formation of slum; we have to analyze the situation of basic infrastructure provided in urban centers. Amenities and slum population has policy implications as to reduce the slum population, provide basic amenities to the households which will improve their standard of living and ultimately lead to reduction in growth of slum and check the future slum formation.
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Adiputra, Muchamad Subhans, Ernan Rustiadi, and Andrea Emma Pravitasari. "Pola Sebaran Permukiman Kumuh di Kabupaten Tangerang dan Keragaman Spasial Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 6, no. 2 (June 13, 2022): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2022.6.2.146-164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid development and high population density are among the factors that cause slum settlements Tangerang Regency. Factors that cause slum settlements in Tangerang Regency have not been identified specifically and the handling of slum settlements are still seen to be uniform between regions. The purpose of this research is to identify the pattern of distribution of slum settlements in Tangerang Regency and the spatial diversity of factors that influence it. Methods used to identify the distribution pattern of slums are Moran's Index, Moran's Scatterplot, and Local Indicator Spatial Autocorrelation. Meanwhile, to understand the spatial diversity of the factors that affect slum settlements, multiple regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise regression, followed by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis. Results shows that the pattern of spatial distribution of slum settlements in 2016 and 2018 was concentrated in the northern and southern areas of Tangerang Regency. The distribution pattern of slums shows a centered movement towards the district border with the surrounding areas, namely DKI Jakarta, Tangerang City, and South Tangerang City. The relationship between the Village Development Index and the Land Value Zone has a fairly weak positive correlation, the relationship between the Kelurahan Development Index and the percentage of slum area does not have a significant correlation, while the Land Value Zone with the percentage of slum area has a weak positive correlation. Slum settlements in Tangerang Regency are influenced by physical and non-physical factors including the number of slum location points, the percentage of residential buildings that do not have a building permit, and the percentage of areas affected by inundation. The results of the GWR analysis show that each factor that has a significant influence on slum settlements in Tangerang Regency has a different influence locally in each observed area.