Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „A priori object theory“

Современная теория и практика менеджмента опирается на ряд аксиом, среди которых одно из центральных положений занимает кибернетическая аксиома экстернальности управления. Авторы данной статьи доказывают, что для управления в социально-экономических системах справедливость подобного положения сомнительна. Феномен объективности суждений исключает субъектно-объектную дихотомию системы социально-экономического управления, в рамках которой любое управляющее воздействие априори оказывается субъективным и соответствующим реальному положению объекта управления только с некоторой вероятностью. Полным знанием о своём положении и состоянии обладает только сам объект. Подобные логические издержки дихотомии «субъектобъект управления» требуют критического переосмысления всей аксиоматики теории менеджмента. Nowadays' theory and practice of management are based on a number of axioms, in which one of the central positions is occupied by the cybernetic axiom of externality of management. The phenomenon of objectivity of judgments excludes the subject-object dichotomy of socio-economic management, within which any regulation is a priori subjective and corresponding to the real position of the control object only with a certain probability. Only the object itself has full knowledge of its stage and state. Such logical costs of the “subject-object of control” dichotomy require a critical rethinking of the entire axiomatics of management theory.

The work uses the method of standard characteristic polynomials, based on the Lyapunov theorem on adaptive control systems, the theory of flexible and robust control, methods of the theory of nonlinear systems. When modeling an internal combustion engine, methods of identification theory were additionally involved. When obtaining theoretical results, the method of Lyapunov functions, the method of standard characteristic polynomials, methods of the theory of adaptive and robust control, methods of the theory of nonlinear systems were used. When constructing a model of an internal combustion engine, methods of identification theory were additionally involved. For the synthesis of control systems in conditions of uncertainty, one of the topical directions is adaptive systems. These are control systems that compensate for parametric, signal, functional, or structural uncertainties of the control object by automatically adjusting the controller during the system's working operation, i.e., adaptive systems make up for the lack of a priori information about the control object during operational operation. To solve the problem of managing undefined objects, for example, classical methods are used. In such methods, when state variables are immeasurable, it becomes necessary to use additional dynamic filters. Classical methods are more often used for a limited class of objects. In the case of class extension, the structure of the control algorithm becomes more complicated.

Traditional methods of the theory of statistical solutions are developed for cases of making single-valued two-alternative or multialternative solutions about the class of an object. Assuming the possibility of ambiguous multi-alternative (in the case of solving the problem of selection of space objects of three-alternative) decisions on the classification of of space objects at the stages of the selection process, a modification of the traditional statistical decision making algorithm is required. Such a modification of the algorithm can be carried out by appropriate selection of the loss function. In the framework of the Bayes approach, an additive loss function is proposed, the structure of which takes into account a priori information on the structure and composition of launch elements in relation to the classes «Launch vehicle» and «spacecraft». The algorithm of decision making is synthesized under the conditions of a priori certainty regarding the probabilistic description of the analyzed situation. It is shown that the problem of verifying three-alternative hypotheses can be reduced to an independent verification of three two-alternative hypotheses, which makes it possible to take particular solutions in the solution process and use a different set of the signs of selection for the formation of solutions for individual classes of space objects. The peculiarities of the implementation of the selection algorithm are discussed in the presence of a priori information and measurement information on starts of a limited volume. The synthesized Bayesian decision making algorithm has the properties necessary to solve the problem of selection of space objects at launch in real conditions in the presence of measuring information specified in the form of a training sample. Its architecture allows to form unambiguous and ambiguous decisions about each space object in the launch.

Navigation and routes planning for a group of unmanned surface vessels (USV) jointly moving in complex environment, including circumvention of seashore and islands, are important applications of computer-based decision-making support systems. A group of objects as an open complex system includes several hierarchy levels and may be controlled by a decision-maker supported by information-analytical software and methodical maintenance. Planning, as a stage of management, includes an a priori phase guidance for all objects in the group, coordinated in both time and directions of approach to the target set restricted by a set of obstacles. A discrete system of priorities reflects relative preferences of importance and allows choosing routes optimal in different senses. One can formalize such tasks in terms of different mathematical models including control problems of formation motion, theory of extreme networks and interval analysis. The paper bases on guaranteed approach to control of dynamic objects under uncertainty. Unified mathematical descriptions of shores, routes of individual objects and the whole group may be given in terms of hierarchic (i)-systems. This allows to reconcile data on geography, environment, object characteristics, peculiarities of control systems and data transmission, including sources and causes of uncertainty, and to describe movement of a group as an extreme problem of control and estimation. The results of computer simulation are considered. One may use similar models to explore economic aspects in application of heterogenic complex of autonomous surface and underwater vessels.