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Liu, Hsiao-Ming, and Shang-Yung Yen. "Constructing the Model of Aboriginal Tribal Social Enterprises from the Concept of Social Economic Enterprises." International Business Research 11, no. 7 (June 15, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n7p76.
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Taiwan's aboriginal tribes have long been affected by political forces and market economy model, and the aboriginal people living in remote mountainous areas with lack of information have met with a lot of economic and social problems and challenges such as loss of land and traditional culture, aging population and stagnation of tribal industry development. Therefore, the original self-sufficient tribes began to prone to “poverty”, and this is one of the most critical social issues for Taiwan to cope with. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the concept of "social economy" in the aboriginal tribes, to develop and restore the sharing economic cooperation model, to increase collective interests and to set up tribal social enterprises, so as to address the crucial social issues.This study will adopt the method and experience of socio-economic analysis to study the action plan of Seediq, a division of Taiwanese aboriginals, and their experience of social and economic organization and operation, and reflection on the social enterprise system. The main research is to explore the social economy in the Meixi tribe, the status quo and future development, and how to employ social innovation to promote the tribal social enterprise planning and business model.
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Gorman, Julian T., Melissa Bentivoglio, Chris Brady, Penelope Wurm, Sivaram Vemuri, and Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Complexities in developing Australian Aboriginal enterprises based on natural resources." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 2 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20010.
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Across the world’s rangelands, livelihoods of millions of people are dependent on customary and commercial use of wildlife. Many Australian Aboriginal communities also aspire towards developing natural resource-based enterprises but there is a unique combination of historical, legislative and cultural factors that make this process complex. Typically, government support for Indigenous enterprise development has focussed largely on development of ‘social enterprise’, with subsidies coming from various government community development programs. This has resulted in some increase in participation and employment, but often inadequate attention to economic aspects of enterprise development leading to low levels of business success. This paper will examine historical, legislative and institutional dimensions in business development in Aboriginal communities. It does this through a case study of business enterprise development of the Kakadu Plum products by the Indigenous people of the Thamarrurr Region of the Northern Territory, Australia, using a participant observation research method. We found that attention on important economic criteria was subsumed by a focus on social enterprise priorities during the development of this natural resource-based enterprise. This resulted in a very slow transition of the ‘social enterprise’ to the ‘financial enterprise’, due largely to fragmented business decisions and inefficient value chains. We call for a refocus of natural resource-based enterprise development programs in remote Australian Aboriginal townships to incorporate greater emphasis on business acumen within the complex social, cultural and political fabric.
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Stafford, Smith DM, A. Mcnee, B. Rose, G. Snowdon, and CR Carter. "Goals and Strategies for Aboriginal Cattle Enterprises." Rangeland Journal 16, no. 1 (1994): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9940077.
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In recent years Aboriginal people have regained ownership of large areas of rangeland, and in many cases are considering pastoral enterprises in their move towards self-sufficiency. New developments in research and extension must be made accessible to them. Rangeland researchers have recognised the need to focus much more on integrating scientific results with a better social understanding of managers' goals. Recent research indicates that goals and strategies in the commercial industry are often neither optimal nor singular. This applies particularly to Aboriginal communities; these have an even broader range of land use goals relating to traditional and non-traditional elements, the latter stemming partly from the introduced pastoral industry. Past assessments of Aboriginal pastoral projects have paid scant attention to identifying Aboriginal management goals and considering how they may interact with the project or conflict with each other. Attitudes to risk and production stability have rarely been determined, and consequently the impact of climatic variability has not been adequately considered. This has lead to the imposition of inappropriate management strategies and an over-optimistic view of potential returns. Based on goals that Aboriginal communities may have, this paper shows in principle how a pastoral enterprise study could take account of climatic variability in assessing stability and risk. One major set of alternative management strategies has been modelled with RANGEPACK Herd-Econ. This highlights certain features of low stocking approaches which may be lower in risk, more stable in turn-off, and more compatible with other Aboriginal community goals. Assessment of Aboriginal pastoral projects should place more emphasis on identifying what the goals of the communities and managers really are, how these goals interact, and consequently what form of enterprise is most appropriate. Some important points for the assessment of options are suggested. Some case studies need to be undertaken to document the interaction between community aspirations and a range of enterprise types, and hence to evaluate the potential effectiveness of these approaches to assessment.
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CURRY, JOHN, HAN DONKER, and RICHARD KREHBIEL. "DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 14, no. 01 (March 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946709001119.
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This study examines the historical development of corporate governance structures in First Nations communities in British Columbia, where development corporations are employed to assist privately-owned and community-owned entrepreneurial enterprises. First Nations entrepreneurial activity functions in an environment where business must market to a global economy while preserving traditional values, beliefs and other cultural elements. A brief history of First Nations and their enterprise development efforts is presented. Empirical research findings describe the close relationship between local community and corporate goals and identify conflicts of interest between political leaders and management of development corporations. The evidence demonstrates entrepreneurial success and economic development of First Nations communities rely on an independent decision-making process within business development corporations. An alternative business model is developed utilizing the empirical research, social enterprise literature and the unique regional cooperative model of the Mondragon region of Spain. The new model respects the land base and other environmental and social values while providing a framework for economic success. Exploration of this unique enterprise-to-region development model, which incorporates consideration for the natural environment and social and cultural values, offers lessons to other societies and regions that will assist in the movement toward an economic system based on concepts of sustainability.
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Ivory, Bill. "Enterprise development: A model for Aboriginal entrepreneurs." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 11, no. 2 (1999): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000614.
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AbstractOpportunities exist within the current political and economic climate to build on some of the concepts of traditional Aboriginal society, and create a working environment for enterprise development. A model or models are required not just for Aboriginal people to gain support from government or wider institutions, but for governments and other institutions to work to. When referring to voluntary organisation grass roots development in Zimbabwe, Clark argued that “projects will remain irrelevant to the majority of the needy unless used as beacons to light up pathways for others – notably the state – to pursue” (1990, p. 65). Development in Aboriginal towns and communities needs to go beyond the stage of relief and welfare, to an era of sustainable development. However as Korten argued when referring to sustainable systems development and the quest for self-managing networks, changes “in specific policies and institutions” may first need to be sought “at local, national and global levels” (1990, p. 120). Changes are gradually occurring in terms of policies, however institutions active in the field need to become more positively interactive with their clients. A model of enterprise development is being moulded to involve such institutions and their resources.
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Novikova, Natalia. "Aboriginal entrepreneurship in Russia: resources, technologies and social institutes." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) 46, no. 2 (May 2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2019-46-2/5-18.
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Aboriginal entrepreneurship is seen as a new form of social organization. Economic activity in the enterprises of indigenous peoples is based on family and kinship ties, and focuses on traditional use of nature, as well as on the knowledge and culture of the peoples of the North. Therefore, their entrepreneurship is limited by the traditional lifestyle, which is based on reindeer breeding, hunting, fishing, and gathering. The government authorities adopt laws and programs aimed at the preservation of the traditional lifestyle of indigenous peoples, but not at the development of free enterprise. Indigenous people offer the strategy of modern development, which is based on original culture and new social institutes. The author analyzes enterprises of Sakhalin (fishery), Yamal-Nenets AO (reindeer breeding) and Khanty-Mansi autonomous areas (cultural business, tourism) and considers the factors influencing development of native business and its place in modern market economy.
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Burgess, Cathie, and Paddy (Pat) Cavanagh. "Cultural Immersion: Developing a Community of Practice of Teachers and Aboriginal Community Members." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 45, no. 1 (November 27, 2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.33.
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A lack of teacher awareness of the cultural and historical background of Aboriginal students has long been recognised as a major causative factor in the failure of Australian schools to fully engage Aboriginal students and deliver equitable educational outcomes for them. Using Wenger's communities of practice framework, this paper analyses the effectiveness of the Connecting to Country (CTC) program in addressing this issue in New South Wales (NSW) schools whereby Aboriginal community members design and deliver professional learning for teachers. Qualitative and quantitative data from 14 case studies suggest that the CTC program has had a dramatic impact on the attitudes of teachers to Aboriginal students, on their ability to establish relationships with the local Aboriginal community and on their willingness to adapt curriculum and pedagogy to better meet the needs of their students. As Aboriginal community members and teachers developed communities of practice, new approaches to Aboriginal student pedagogies were imagined through a sense of joint enterprise, mutuality and shared repertoire, empowering all participants in the CTC journey. Implications from this research highlight the importance of teacher professional learning delivered by Aboriginal people, Aboriginal community engagement in local schools and addressing deficit discourses about Aboriginal students and their families.
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Ketilson, Lou Hammond. "Partnering to Finance Enterprise Development in the Aboriginal Social Economy." Canadian Public Policy 40, Supplement 1 (April 2014): S39—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2012-098.
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Spencer, Rochelle, Martin Brueckner, Gareth Wise, and Bundak Marika. "Capacity development and Indigenous social enterprise: The case of the Rirratjingu clan in northeast Arnhem Land." Journal of Management & Organization 23, no. 6 (November 2017): 839–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.74.
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AbstractWith the widespread shift from models of welfare to business-led development, capacity development offers a useful lens from which to consider the emergence of Indigenous social enterprise as a business-led development approach. We explore capacity development from the international development literature and identify capacity development principles in the context of an Indigenous social enterprise in remote northeast Arnhem Land. Here, Aboriginal Australians continue to experience poverty and marginalisation. This paper provides an ethnographic example of the relationship between Indigenous social enterprise and capacity development. Identifying principles of capacity development in this rich context reveals the remit of the Indigenous social enterprise privileges environmental stewardship and cultural maintenance.
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L., Cecil A. "Conversations with Australian Indigenous Females Revealing Their Motives When Establishing a Sustainable Small Business." Information Management and Business Review 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v4i6.984.
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The Australian government has expressed commitment for Aboriginal entrepreneurship contending it is a pathway for ameliorating poverty, improving economic self-reliance, and building life quality. Yet a restrained geographic and sector spread of Australian Indigenous small business suggests there may be other important motives for starting an enterprise. This paper narrates responses from conversations with Aboriginal women ata remote settlement in the Northern Territory of Australia to reveal they were driven not by desires to acquire wealth, improve their educational opportunities or to escape poverty, but by practical aspirations of operating a local store selling household commodities used in daily living, a coffee shop meeting place, and to meaningfully change their existing community roles enabling them to ‘get off welfare’. Documenting the experiences and expectations of these Indigenous women exposes how Aboriginal culture, family, and community socialising networks can contribute to fostering female entrepreneurship.
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Gorman, Julian, and Gretchen Ennis. "Community engagement in Aboriginal enterprise development – Kakadu plum as a case analysis." Journal of Rural Studies 92 (May 2022): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.03.020.
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Carleton, Alexandra L. "Declarations of Independence: Sovereignty, Identity, and the Constitution of the “Other”." ab-Original 4, no. 1-2 (December 2020): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/aboriginal.4.1-2.0047.
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ABSTRACT With the rise of Indigenous awareness, the formation of groups to argue for native title, and the global diaspora coming together in their pursuit of landed recognition, claiming sovereignty takes many forms: declaration, contestation, governance, land reclamation, and enterprise formation. These forms, examined as a collective whole, may be seen as the first pragmatic steps in self-determination for, often Indigenous, minorities. More importantly, they may be seen as a stage in the evolution of expressing spiritual and cultural ontology of the “other.” Not only is this expression, the seeking of an acknowledgement of a changing cast of actors in the global regime for self-determination, spiritual, and ontological recognition, but also underlies the need for recognizing a plurality of thought that one system of jurisprudence may not be able to defend.
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Babin, Ron, Brian Nicholson, and Megan Young. "Indigena: Teaching case of IT Impact Sourcing." Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043886919870547.
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This teaching case introduces the concept of Impact Sourcing, in the context of global IT outsourcing. While IT outsourcing is a well-established management technique, with a history of at least 30 years, Impact Sourcing is a relatively new concept, conceptualized by the Rockefeller Foundation in 2011 and recently defined by the Global Impact Sourcing Coalition. To summarize this case, a First Nations band collaborated with a successful global outsourcing firm, Accenture, to establish Indigena, a Canadian-based impact-sourcing enterprise. Indigena found it difficult to attract, hire and retain qualified Aboriginal employees. The suburban office location in the high-cost Vancouver market may have been a key challenge in building a robust Aboriginal workforce. However, the challenge of winning outsourcing contracts in a competitive market may have been hindered by the Aboriginal workforce, despite the outward positive response of clients to the Impact Sourcing model. Indigena was not able to meet its social goals and at the same time it struggled to attract and retain clients. It was unable to demonstrate profitable business success, resulting in a strategic challenge from its investors.
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Warren, Mick. "Fear, Empathy and Ambition: George Augustus Robinson’s Friendly Mission." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 3, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 72–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010040.
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Abstract Fear beset the settler community of Van Diemen’s Land throughout the 1820s as Aboriginal resistance to European dispossession intensified, a period referred to as the Black War. Representative of the emerging obligation into the 1830s to treat Indigenous people across the British imperial world more kindly, George Augustus Robinson presents a contradictory figure during this tumultuous period. Decrying the depravity of his fellow settlers and their servants, Robinson adapted the conciliatory agenda of Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur in forming the Friendly Mission, a roving missionary enterprise involving Aboriginal people in the task of their own pacification and exile. At once an insight to the sincere emotional connection he felt with his mission subjects, Robinson’s Friendly Mission journals also embody the deep contradictions of British humanitarian governance and its complicity in the logic of elimination it sought to challenge.
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Smith, Tony. "WELFARE, ENTERPRISE, AND ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY: THE CASE OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN KIMBERLEY REGION, 1968?96." Australian Economic History Review 46, no. 3 (November 2006): 242–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8446.2006.00180.x.
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Scherrer, Pascal. "Tourism to serve culture: the evolution of an Aboriginal tourism business model in Australia." Tourism Review 75, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-09-2019-0364.
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Purpose This paper aims to track the evolution of an innovative Aboriginal tourism business model with deliberate social and community enterprise objectives in a remote setting. Design/methodology/approach It adopts an in-depth exploratory case study approach to discover key characteristics of an emerging tourism enterprise. The qualitative data sources include publically available planning, promotional and organizational materials, in-depth interviews with key informants and on-site observations. Yunus et al.’s (2010) social business model provides the framework for the case analysis. Findings Findings highlight the gradual deepening of Indigenous engagement – from simply providing a place for a non-Indigenous tourism business – to running a fully Indigenous-controlled, staffed and themed on-country tourism business. Complementing existing non-Indigenous tourism experiences reduced the need for start-up infrastructure and market recognition, thus reducing business risk for the Traditional Owners. Despite substantial changes in the business structure in response to political and maturation factors, the core motivations seemed to remain strong. The business model facilitates value creation to stakeholders in varying ways. Research limitations/implications The contextual nature of Indigenous tourism reflects limitations of qualitative case study methodology. Practical implications The resulting business model provides a contextually appropriate structure to engage in tourism for achieving cultural and societal goals. It mitigates against the identified risk of low market demand for Indigenous tourism experiences by connecting with established non-Indigenous tourism products, while also allowing for product offering independent thereof. Social implications Social benefits are high and have potential for replication in similar contexts elsewhere. Originality/value The paper contributes to the emerging research on culturally appropriate business models in Indigenous tourism contexts and validates a strategy to overcome low demand. It offers a model that for the tourist facilitates a sustainable experience which enables co-production while for the hosts fosters community resilience, intergenerational learning and improved livelihoods. The case highlights opportunities for further research into the interrelationship, dependencies and thresholds between the social and economic profit equations, particularly in the context of the culture conservation economy.
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Bodle, Kerry, Mark Brimble, Scott Weaven, Lorelle Frazer, and Levon Blue. "Critical success factors in managing sustainable indigenous businesses in Australia." Pacific Accounting Review 30, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-02-2016-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate success factors pertinent to the management of Indigenous businesses through the identification of points of intervention at the systemic and structural levels. Through this approach, the economic and social values that First Nations communities attach to intangible Indigenous cultural heritage (ICH) and Indigenous cultural intellectual property (ICIP) may be both recognised and realised as assets. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach to address a global issue of economic and social significance to First Nation peoples, their businesses and the Australian Aboriginal communities. The authors adopt a First Nation epistemological standpoint that incorporates theoretical perspectives drawn from a diverse range of fields and theories (Preston, 2013), as well as advocate the use of Indigenist methodology for research with First Nation peoples as it is underpinned by critical race theory. Findings The authors argue conceptually that accounting, accountability and auditing consideration are required to fully identify what is impacting the successful management of Indigenous enterprises. Specifically, in relation to accounting, Elders should be included to assist in valuing the intangible ICH and ICIP assets. Furthermore, the authors emphasise the need to improve the financial and commercial literacy levels of Indigenous entrepreneurs. Practical implications The authors prescribe the use of tools for the accounting treatment of ICH and ICIP as intangible assets within an Australian regulatory environment and define an auditing process and accountability model incorporating cultural, social and environmental measures. A central tenet of this model relates to improving levels of personal and commercial financial literacy in the First Nation participants. Collectively, these factors promote informed participation and decision-making, and may promulgate more sustainable outcomes. Social implications Integrated thinking requires all these factors to be considered in a holistic manner, such that a First Nation enterprise and the wider Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can understand, and make decisions based on, the overall impact it has on all their stakeholders and generally on the society, the environment and the economy. Originality/value This paper contributes to Australia’s strategic research priorities of maximising social and economic participation in society and improving the health and well-being of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The authors address the inability of current Western accounting standards, practices and models to suitably account for communally held and protocol-bound intangible Indigenous cultural heritage and Indigenous cultural intellectual property assets.
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Stajic, Janet. "… but what about the Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Health Worker academic? Transcending the role of ‘unknowing assistant’ in health care and research through higher education: a personal journey." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 49, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2020.21.
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AbstractThe Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker/Practitioner (A&TSIHW) workforce provides not only clinical skills but also responds to specific social and cultural needs of the communities they serve bringing knowledge derived from lived and embodied knowledges. The A&TSIHW is a recognised health professional within the Australian health system; however, this workforce continues to be under-supported, under-recognised and under-utilised. A common discourse in literature written about A&TSIHWs focused on the need to empower and enhance the A&TSIHW capabilities, or rendered the A&TSIHW as part of the problem in improving the health of Indigenous peoples. In contrast, articles written by A&TSIHWs, published in the Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, tell a different story, one about the limitations of the health system in its ability to care for Indigenous peoples, recognising A&TSIHW leadership. This paper deals with two interrelated tensions—the undervaluing of the A&TSIHW as a clinician and the undervaluing of the A&TSIHW as an academic—both of which the author has had to navigate. It explores the specific challenges of the A&TSIHW academic who too seeks recognition beyond that of ‘assistant’ within the research enterprise, drawing upon personal experiences and engagement with educational institutions, including higher education.
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Rodd, Kristian, Jara Romero, Victor Hunter, and Scott Vladimir Martyn. "Aboriginal Community Co-Design and Co-Build—Far More than a House." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095294.
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There is urgent need for a new model to address the housing crisis in remote Australian Indigenous communities. Decades of major government expenditure have not significantly improved the endemic problems, which include homelessness, overcrowding, substandard dwellings, and unemployment. Between 2017–2020, Foundation for Indigenous Sustainable Health (FISH) worked with the remote Kimberley Aboriginal community, Bawoorrooga, by facilitating the co-design and co-build of a culturally and climatically appropriate home with community members. This housing model incorporates a program of education, health, governance, justice system programs, and land tenure reforms. Build features incorporate sustainable local/recycled materials and earth construction, and ‘Solar Passive Design’. The project faced challenges, including limited funding, extreme climate and remoteness, cultural barriers, and mental health issues. Nevertheless, the program was ultimately successful, producing a house which is culturally designed, climatically/thermally effective, comparatively cheap to build, and efficient to run. The project produced improvements in mental health, schooling outcomes, reduced youth incarceration, and other spheres of community development, including enterprise and community governance. Co-design and co-build projects are slower and more complex than the conventional model of external contracting, but the outcomes can be far superior across broad areas of social and emotional wellbeing, house quality and comfort, energy consumption, long-term maintenance, community physical and mental health, pride, and ownership. These factors are essential in breaking intergenerational cycles of poverty, trauma, and engagement with the justice system. This paper provides a narrative case study of the project and outlines the core principles applied and the lessons learned.
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McAllister, R. R. J., B. Cheers, T. Darbas, J. Davies, C. Richards, C. J. Robinson, M. Ashley, D. Fernando, and Y. T. Maru. "Social networks in arid Australia: a review of concepts and evidence." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07040.
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Arid systems are markedly different from non-arid systems. This distinctiveness extends to arid-social networks, by which we mean social networks which are influenced by the suite of factors driving arid and semi-arid regions. Neither the process of how aridity interacts with social structure, nor what happens as a result of this interaction, is adequately understood. This paper postulates three relative characteristics which make arid-social networks distinct: that they are tightly bound, are hierarchical in structure and, hence, prone to power abuses, and contain a relatively higher proportion of weak links, making them reactive to crisis. These ideas were modified from workshop discussions during 2006. Although they are neither tested nor presented as strong beliefs, they are based on the anecdotal observations of arid-system scientists with many years of experience. This paper does not test the ideas, but rather examines them in the context of five arid-social network case studies with the aim of hypotheses building. Our cases are networks related to pastoralism, Aboriginal outstations, the ‘Far West Coast Aboriginal Enterprise Network’ and natural resources in both the Lake-Eyre basin and the Murray–Darling catchment. Our cases highlight that (1) social networks do not have clear boundaries, and that how participants perceive their network boundaries may differ from what network data imply, (2) although network structures are important determinants of system behaviour, the role of participants as individuals is still pivotal, (3) and while in certain arid cases weak links are engaged in crisis, the exact structure of all weak links in terms of how they place participants in relation to other communities is what matters.
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Allen, Harry. "Native companions: Blandowski, Krefft and the Aborigines on the Murray River expedition." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 121, no. 1 (2009): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs09129.
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This paper explores relations between Blandowski, Krefft and the Aborigines during the 1856-57 Murray River expedition. As with many scientific enterprises in Australia, Aboriginal knowledge made a substantial contribution to the success of the expedition. While Blandowski generously acknowledged this, Krefft, who was responsible for the day to day running of the camp, maintained his distance from the Aborigines. The expedition context provides an insight into tensions between Blandowski and Krefft, and also into the complexities of the colonial project on the Murray River, which involved Aborigines, pastoralists, missionaries and scientists.
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Kao, Pei-Ying, Ming-Hui Chen, Wei-An Chang, Mei-Lin Pan, Wei-Der Shu, Yuh-Jyh Jong, Hsien-Da Huang, et al. "A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the personality constructs in CPAI-2 in Taiwanese Hakka populations." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 17, 2023): e0281903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281903.
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Here in this study we adopted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the genetic components of the personality constructs in the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory 2 (CPAI-2) in Taiwanese Hakka populations, who are likely the descendants of a recent admixture between a group of Chinese immigrants with high emigration intention and a group of the Taiwanese aboriginal population generally without it. A total of 279 qualified participants were examined and genotyped by an Illumina array with 547,644 SNPs to perform the GWAS. Although our sample size is small and that unavoidably limits our statistical power (Type 2 error but not Type 1 error), we still found three genomic regions showing strong association with Enterprise, Diversity, and Logical vs. Affective Orientation, respectively. Multiple genes around the identified regions were reported to be nervous system related, which suggests that genetic variants underlying the certain personalities should indeed exist in the nearby areas. It is likely that the recent immigration and admixture history of the Taiwanese Hakka people created strong linkage disequilibrium between the emigration intention-related genetic variants and their neighboring genetic markers, so that we could identify them despite with only limited statistical power.
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Beer, Kelly, Melanie Gentgall, Nicola Templeton, Claire Whitehouse, and Nicola Straiton. "Who’s included? The role of the Clinical Research Nurse in enabling research participation for under-represented and under-served groups." Journal of Research in Nursing 27, no. 1-2 (March 2022): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17449871221077076.
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Background There is a global call for more inclusive clinical research that is representative of all populations, particularly those historically under-represented or under-served. A lack of broad representation results in disproportionate health outcomes and limits the applicability and translation of research findings. Aim Identify and describe barriers to participation across the research lifecycle and consider the role of the Clinical Research Nurse (CRN) in promoting inclusivity, including for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples within Australia. Discussion Review of recent literature and best practice identified barriers to research participation across the research process; at system, participant and practitioner levels. This discussion paper explores the role of the CRN; acting as enablers, facilitators and navigators, to mitigate participation barriers. Conclusion With their comprehensive understanding of the research process, clinical care pathways, reflective practices and participant-centred approaches, CRNs are uniquely positioned to advocate for greater equity in access to clinical research and to motivate stakeholders across the research enterprise to embed inclusive approaches in the design, conduct and dissemination of research. Implications for Practice An in-depth understanding of the research process, self, and cultural norms of the populations they serve is essential for CRNs to effectively advocate for equity in access to research.
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Luker, Trish. "White Mother to a Dark Race." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.58.
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Historical accounts of the removal of Aboriginal children from their families and communities in Australia under colonial assimilation policies have proliferated over recent decades. Within the field, white feminist historiography has involved investigations of the function of gender, domestic space and intimate relations in the colonial enterprise. In this, it has often placed the problematic trope of the maternal as 'a central model of historical identity' (Moore 2000, 95). While similar histories exist in other settler-colonial nations, notably the United States and Canada, there has been relatively little comparative research. In White Mother to a Dark Race, Jacobs provides a substantial comparative account of the removal of indigenous children in North America and Australia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the period when this was a key government policy in both continents. She focuses on the gendered character of the policies and practices and the role of white women as agents of the state in the removal of children. In particular, Jacobs provides a critique of the discourse of maternalism in its various manifestations. In this task, she takes up a point raised in white feminist analysis that a 'disconcerting maternalism persists both in the context of academic theory and the practical politics of forging international alliances' (Jolly 1993, 104).
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Akbar, Skye, and Rob Hallak. "Identifying Business Practices Promoting Sustainability in Aboriginal Tourism Enterprises in Remote Australia." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174589.
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Aboriginal tourism entrepreneurs operating in remote regions of Australia draw on their 60,000 years of heritage to offer unique and distinct cultural experiences to domestic and international tourists. Living and operating in remote climates presents challenges to achieving successful and sustainable enterprises, including extreme weather, substandard infrastructure, distance from policy makers, distance from markets and the commercialisation of culture, which is customarily owned by and for use by traditional custodians, to produce and deliver a market-ready tourism product. However, many remote Aboriginal tourism entrepreneurs nevertheless achieve success and sustainability. This paper builds on the work of Foley to identify the characteristics of successful remote Aboriginal tourism enterprises and Aboriginal entrepreneurs in remote areas and the resourceful and creative business practices used by remote Aboriginal entrepreneurs to overcome barriers to success and finds that ongoing connections to community and culture are a key factor in that success. It also draws on the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals to identify how the characteristics of remote tourism entrepreneurs and enterprises promote or inhibit the achievement of sustainability and suggests that they offer a framework for effective support of remote Aboriginal entrepreneurs. It concludes by noting that the industry would benefit from further investigation of the contributions made to sustainability by remote Aboriginal tourism enterprises and their stakeholders.
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Thomsen, D. A., K. Muir, and J. Davies. "Aboriginal perspectives on kangaroo management in South Australia." Rangeland Journal 28, no. 2 (2006): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05028.
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Kangaroos are culturally significant to Aboriginal people but Aboriginal people are generally not involved in kangaroo management or in the kangaroo industry. Our research has provided the first opportunity for Aboriginal people in South Australia to present their perspectives on the commercial harvest of kangaroos. Research methods were qualitative, involving consultations with authoritative Aboriginal people about their perspectives, aspirations, and how they see their rights and interests in relation to the commercial harvest of kangaroos. We found diverse views on this topic from Aboriginal research participants. For some Aboriginal people, strict cultural protocols preclude any involvement in the commercial harvest, but for people from other regions where the cultural laws concerning kangaroos are quite different, there is interest in developing enterprises based on kangaroo harvest. Despite the diversity of views about commercial kangaroo harvest, Aboriginal people across South Australia highly value kangaroos, and want to be included in decision-making processes for kangaroo management. There is potential for appropriate engagement of Aboriginal people in kangaroo management through improved communication, greater understanding and respect for the diversity of Aboriginal perspectives and protocols regarding native wildlife.
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Zuckermann, Ghil’ad. "Revivalistics is Not Documentary Linguistics." Sustainable Multilingualism 18, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0001.
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Summary This article introduces a new field of enquiry called revivalistics, and explores its trans-disciplinarity and various ethical, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits. Revivalistics is an emerging global, trans-disciplinary field of enquiry studying comparatively and systematically the universal constraints and global mechanisms on the one hand (Zuckermann, 2003; 2009; 2020), and particularistic peculiarities and cultural relativist idiosyncrasies on the other, apparent in linguistic reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration across various sociological backgrounds, all over the globe (Zuckermann, 2020; Zuckermann & Walsh, 2011; 2014). The article focuses on the crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics. It provides examples from the field that demonstrate the complexity of the revivalist’s work and how the revivalist’s work is distinct from that of the documentary linguist. Too many documentary linguists mislead themselves to believe that they can easily be revivalists too. But there are two crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics, which are at war between themselves: (1) Whereas documentary linguists put the language at the centre, revivalists put the language custodians at the centre. (2) Whereas in documentary linguistics the Indigenous/minority people have the knowledge of the language, in revivalistics the revivalist is the one with that knowledge. Given that the Aboriginal/minority people are the language custodians, and given that the language custodians are at the centre of the revivalistic enterprise, the revivalist must be extremely sensitive. A revivalist is not only a linguist but also a psychologist, social worker, teacher, driver, schlepper, financial manager, cook, waiter, babysitter, donor etc. A revivalist must have a heart of gold, “balls” of steel and the patience of a saint. Language revival is similar to co-parenting. But the revivalist is only a step-father. The important biological mother is the Indigenous/minority community. If you are the step-father and your spouse, who is the biological mother, makes what you perceive to be a mediocre decision with regard to your children, you cannot just disapprove of it. After all, the children are your spouse’s more than they are yours. You must work together for the best possible outcome. Similarly, if the community supports a decision that is not linguistically viable, the revivalist can try to inspire the community members, but must accept their own verdict. That would be difficult for a documentary linguist with poor social skills.
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Rea, Naomi, and Julia Messner. "Constructing Aboriginal NRM livelihoods: Anmatyerr employment in water management." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07044.
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The provision of livelihoods for desert Aboriginal people is a common goal for desert communities as well as governments, research agencies and other organisations. We examine six issues surrounding the creation of indigenous livelihoods in cultural and natural resource management. Our analysis draws from the character of the training pathways and the livelihoods in water management that are being constructed in central Australia as part of the Anmatyerr Water Project, a research program that identifies culturally-based livelihoods as a major mechanism for facilitating the process of having Aboriginal rights and cultural values provided for in water management. Such livelihoods aim to enhance the cultural and natural resource management needs of non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal owners and managers through integration of profit and non-profit activities, and previously disconnected policies. The building of inter-cultural capacity and inter-cultural arrangements would assist in creating livelihoods in existing enterprises and work programs. A broader approach aims for cultural and natural resource livelihoods that have additional socio-cultural and economic outcomes. We discuss relevant issues and make consequent recommendations that inform the construction of these livelihoods.
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Suprovich, T. М., N. В. Mokhnachova, M. Р. Suprovich, and N. M. Fursa. "FEATURES OF THE PROPAGATION OF GENE BoLA-DRB3 ALLELES IN GRAY CATTLE BREEDS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.29.
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Genetic monitoring and preservation of gene pools of wild and domestic animals remains one of the main problems of modern genetics. At the same time for the majority of aboriginal rocks there is no exact information about the condition of the populations of these animals, their number, distribution, no description of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Domestic aboriginal rocks are practically not studied at the molecular genetic level using modern DNA technologies. A unique informational vacuum has been created, which does not allow, on the one hand, to fully assess the uniqueness of the breed diversity of Ukraine, and, on the other hand, to use the biological resources of local breeds for their effective use in breeding programs. The study of the gene pool of local (aboriginal) breeds of cattle is interesting in terms of originality of the genetic structure and the identification of polygens responsible for the high adaptive qualities of animals. At the same time, according to experts from the United Nations World Food Organization (FAO), the main obstacle to the development of animal breeding programs is the lack of information on the genetic structure of populations, since the risk status based on the number of livestock can not reflect the whole picture of the destruction of the gene pool . Gray Ukrainian breed of cattle, as a representative of a group of indigenous native species, is an interesting object of population research in relation not only to adaptation characteristics, but also genetic mechanisms that provide a phenotypic manifestation of certain characteristics of productivity. Today, more than three dozen world breeds of cattle are characterized by PCR-PDR methods. As a test system for studying the genetic diversity of the gray Ukrainian cattle breed, data on the allele polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene of the major histocompatibility complex, which participates in the formation of the immune response of the organism to viral and bacterial infections, has been used. Exzone 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene of bovine animals is of particular interest for two reasons: - high functional significance of the gene in the formation of the immune response of the organism; - high level of polymorphism. The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in the gray Ukrainian breed of cattle. Materials and methods of research. Blood samples (n = 72) from gray cows of Ukrainian breed from farms of the State Enterprise "Marcheevo" (Kherson oblast) and DP "Polivanivka" (Dnipropetrovsk region) were investigated. Molecular genetic research was carried out on the basis of the Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after MV Zubets of NAAS. The polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 alleles arose evolutionarily due to the need for a variable cellular receptor structure in relation to foreign protein antigens and has wide geographic and intracerebral variability. Indicators of the variability of alleles in the BoLA-DRB3 gene in different breeds of cattle confirm the high level of its polymorphism. According to foreign authors, the highest variety of the spectrum of the alleles of the gene BoLA-DRB3 was found in Kalmyk - 36, Yaroslavl - 28, and Mongolian cattle – 35 alleles. The average prevalence of alleles was found in the Kostroma (23) and zeuvite (22) cattle. A low level of genetic diversity for the BoLA-DRB3 gene was noted in Yakut cattle - 14 alleles. The allelic spectrum of two domestic cattle populations is determined. In the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle found 28, and red-ryaboy – 22 alleles. In a sample of 72 animals of gray Ukrainian breed found 22 alleles out of 54 described by Van Eijk and 5 alleles that are not included in this list: * jab, * jba, * jbb, * nad, * nda. Of the 27 identified 13 alleles, they are determined with a frequency of less than 1%. 6 alleles BoLA-DRB3 * 16, * 12, * 06, * jba, * 15 and * 24 were the most informative ("significant" alleles, which are determined with a frequency of more than 4%). The feature of the sample being sampled is the high frequency of the BoLA-DRB3.2 * 16 allele. Significant prevalence of one or two alleles over others occurs precisely in aboriginal rocks. Thus, in the Yakut cattle, the allele * 29, which manifests itself with the frequency of 42.9%, and in the Kostroma breed, is * 10, the share of which is 22.5%. The total frequency of the "weighty" alleles BoLA-DRB3.2 * 16, * 12, * 06, * jba, * 15 and * 24 accumulates 75% of the allelophone of the gray Ukrainian breed, indicating its low genetic diversity. The low level allele diversity of the investigated breed by the BoLA-DRB3 locus is due to inbred depression, which occurs in the case of a long isolation of the population and its low population. We used the Shannon-Wiener index (H`) to quantitatively map the allele polymorphism of gray cattle. For the gray Ukrainian breed of cattle, the Sennon-Wiener index is 3.26. At present, 54 alleles have been detected using a polymerase chain reaction, based on the definition of genotypes of animals. As a rule, a high level of allelic diversity of the BoLA-DRB3 gene causes a wide range of possible genotypes. The largest number of genotypes is observed in black-and-white and Yaroslavl cattle (72 variants), and the smallest – in Yakut (18 variants) [7]. In the gray Ukrainian breed, only 35 BoLA-DRB3 genotypes are found (Table 2). It is difficult to distinguish the predominant genotype in this breed. So, with frequency > 5% only 1 genotype * 16 / * 16 (5.25%) is presented. Conclusions. Thus we obtained data on the frequency of detection of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in a population of gray Ukrainian cattle breeds: Of the 54 types found 22, listed under Van Eijk M. J. and 5 types that are not included in this list: * jab, * jba, * jbb, * nad, * nda. Aural spectrum is uneven. With a frequency of more than 4%, 6 alleles are detected: * 06, * 12, * 15, * 16, * 24 and * jba). The frequency range varies from 43.06 to 4.86%. Alel * 16 is significantly superior to others. It manifests itself in more than 43% of cases. The high frequency is represented by allele * 12 (9.72%). Studied the distribution of genotypes in gray cattle. Only 35 BoLA-DRB3 genotypes are installed. So, with frequency > 5% only 1 genotype * 16 / * 16 (5.25%) is presented.
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Novikova, Natalya I. "Energy of entrepreneurship in traditional nature use of indigenous peoples of the Sakhalin North." Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies 16, no. 3 (2020): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2415-8739-2020-3-127-140.
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The article examines the forms of social organization of the small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North of Sakhalin in the field of traditional fisheries and entrepreneurship in the context of legal pluralism. This method allows us to analyze the coexistence of state and customary law, moral norms and the principles of social entrepreneurship. Methods of legal and social anthropology are used. The study uses the approaches of the UN Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Field materials are interpreted in academic and aboriginal discourses. Federal and regional legislation are evaluated through the study of local practices. A study of the impact of new social institutions on technical equipment and internal legal regulation of economic activities, forms of interaction between fishermen and commercial enterprises, contradictions between aboriginal fisheries and the official environment was conducted. The article is written on the basis of observations and expert interviews collected on Sakhalin Island (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Poronaysky, Noglik, Okhinsky districts) in 2014 and 2019. The reasons for doing business were studied. An assessment is given of modern aboriginal fisheries, based on both traditional knowledge and skills, as well as modern technologies. The article explores the characteristics of indigenous entrepreneurship, which combines commercial and social goals, exchange of gifts and market relationships. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of poaching. Aboriginal entrepreneurship is seen as a means of sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The conclusion proposes measures for the legal regulation of aboriginal fisheries and recommendations developed during consultations with leaders of fishing organizations.
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Nordin, Vidar J., and Roxanne Comeau. "Forest resources education in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79799-4.
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In a new focus on forest education, forest practitioners and forest workers will redefine their roles and modify their educational training to reflect changing needs. Challenging working environments compatible with a new generation of high-tech forest practitioners need to be established by employers. Information technology will revolutionize the delivery of forest resources education and the procedures and motivation for life-long learning. The educational environment will transform increasingly from didactic to interactive problem-based learning and professors will emerge as creative facilitators of knowledge, and have a profound influence on the development of forest education. The forestry schools will need creative partnerships at home and abroad to support their mandates in education, research, and public service. Inventive, visionary leadership by the forestry schools will be essential so that the schools become leading players in national and global affairs. Aboriginal communities are facing new challenges and assuming growing responsibilities in managing their forest lands and enterprises. Exceptional measures are needed to educate forest practitioners and forest workers of Aboriginal ancestry via partnerships with forest industry, governments, academic institutions, and forestry resources associations. Key words: education, forestry resources, teaching, accreditation, information technology, curriculum, continuing education, Aboriginal.
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Villa, Michele. "Local content commitment and the link with indigenous economic development: a case study." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13073.
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This extended abstract discusses local content opportunities in economic development for the Aboriginal community. Local content requirements have become a strategic community development consideration during the past few years. This abstract links the topics of local content commitments and indigenous economic development via leveraging relationships with indigenous contractors in Australia. The creation of indigenous businesses that strive to succeed in the market and compete with non-indigenous companies is key in developing sustainable working opportunities for indigenous Australians. Many oil and gas players have publicly committed to contribute to indigenous business participation offering contractual opportunities and designing capacity-building programs and initiatives. The market for indigenous contractors services is, therefore, rapidly growing and presents considerable opportunities for existing and new players providing services to the resources industry in Australia. The specific demand is driven by corporate social responsibility policies and by the limited capacity of suppliers to deliver what is required by large new and expansion projects in the resource (both mining/oil and gas) sectors in Australia to maintain their social licence to operate. We present the results of a survey about policies and practices of some of the leading oil and gas operators in Australia, highlighting best practices in indigenous business engagement. We also analyse (from interviews with indigenous enterprises) barriers and issues encountered so far in indigenous contracting. International examples about the impact that indigenous enterprises can have on local community social and economic development complement the survey. Note: the term indigenous as used in this extended abstract refers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.
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Zhubreva, Т. V., and E. N. Myasnikova. "Healthy Nutrition of Schoolchildren of Aboriginal Population in the North." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 3 (May 13, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2020-3-40-48.
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Healthy nutrition has a positive impact on human body functioning, however, the foundation of long and active life is laid in childhood and teenage years. The article provides information about using normative, technical and technological documents for organization of nutrition for schoolchildren in secondary education institutions located in places of residence of aboriginal population in the Far East. State policy concerning the development of these areas is expressed in a number of regulating documents of the federal level, where serious attention is paid to organization of hot meals for schoolchildren. On the territory of the Russian Federation ‘Rospotrebnadzor’ acts as a regulating and controlling body in the field of organization of nutrition in secondary education institutions and ‘SanPin’ is the principle regulating documents. The authors analyzed the requirements put forward by the regulator, which cannot take into account all specific features of physiology of schoolchildren’s nutrition, regional specificities and traditional nutrition culture, which underlines topicality of the research. Exclusion of traditional for Northern people food and its replacement with food typical of Central Russia cannot improve health of the rising generation. If we change this situation, it could enhance children’s health in the region and promote the development of local craft and small enterprises dealing with storing-up traditional food stuffs.
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Jacobsen, Damien. "Tourism enterprises beyond the margins: the relational practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander SMEs in remote Australia." Tourism Planning & Development 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2016.1152290.
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L., Cecil A. "Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i6.1131.
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Little is known about Australian Indigenous female entrepreneurship. Misconceptions typifying Australian Indigenous businesses are community enterprises are encumbered by research limitations, generalisations and stereotyping; the material is seldom voiced by Australian Indigenous people; and few sources detail the challenges for grass roots female Indigenous entrepreneurs in remote Australian Aboriginal communities that maintain patriarchal cultures. In this paper is described how 21 Indigenous female entrepreneurs in a remote region of northern Australia have tailored their businesses to comply with the regulatory and statutory framework of the dominant society while preserving sensitivity to the traditional cultural norms, rules, and obligations. The data were independently corroborated by Indigenous and non Indigenous men of recognised standing in the region. These empirical observations provide foundation for better informed judgements about the business environment in remote regions of Australia, which is fundamental when developing policies for delivering sustainable female Indigenous small businesses.
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Memmott, Paul. "ON GENERATING CULTURALLY SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISES AND DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES IN REMOTE ABORIGINAL SETTINGS: A CASE STUDY FROM NORTH-WEST QUEENSLAND." Journal of architecture&ENVIRONMENT 11, no. 2 (November 2, 2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j2355262x.v11i2.a491.
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Sankin, E. V., та V. P. Zinoviev. "State Regulation of Fishing in Russia in the 19th – Early 20th Centurу". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 38 (2021): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.38.72.
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The article, mainly based on Siberian material, examines the problem of regulation of fishing in the Russian Empire in the late 19th – early 20th century, when serious consequences of predatory, unrestricted use of natural resources became apparent to the public and local officials. There is an awareness of the need for restrictive measures at the level of regional administration and the inattention of the general imperial power structures to this issue in relation to Asian Russia. Fishermen actively opposed any regulation of the time and methods of fishing in Siberia. Fishing in Asian Russia had no restrictions until the Soviet era. The officials found justification for this primarily in the rights of the foreign population to use traditional fishing grounds. All the lands of Siberia remained officially state-owned and during the XIX century, fishing grounds were gradually transferred to tax articles. Attempts to regulate the rental relations of the aboriginal population and fishermen, undertaken by local authorities, have not yielded great results. Somewhat more important were the measures to regulate the relations of fishermen and hired workers at capitalist fishing enterprises – strezhevye sands. The resolutions of the Tobolsk provincial administration obliged fishermen to give workers special clothes and shoes, improve nutrition, meat, fish, bread, porridge, butter, kvass and tea were to be included in the workers' diet. The working day was limited to 15 hours a day. The resolutions ordered to arrange separate rooms for workers to rest, imputed polite treatment of workers and an increase in wages to 30 rubles. per season. District police officers were appointed responsible for the execution of the resolution. This kind of control made the regulations practically useless. The fishing industry of Siberia remained throughout the 19th – early 20th century a field of spontaneous regulation based on the economic traditions of the Russian and aboriginal population.
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DIVAKARAN, R. V. M. "CULTURAL MINORITIES AND THE PANOPTIC GAZE: A STUDY OF THE (MIS)REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN MALAYALAM FILMS." Journal of Education Culture and Society 8, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20172.240.248.
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This paper explores the patterns of the representation of Adivasis or aboriginals – known as ‘tribals’ in common parlance – in Malayalam language films. Film as a medium of representation is continuously engaged in constructing images and thus the process becomes an ideological enterprise contributing to the relentless practice of defining and redefining the society and its various components in terms of several binaries. The film industry of Kerala, a southern state of India, is affluent and more influential than other art forms and production. Though the tribal population of Kerala is around 400 thousand and they belong to as many as 43 subgroups, they are underrepresented in films and that too is in a stereotypical manner. These groups are considered to be largely distinct with each tribal group identifying themselves with their own mythologies, tales of origin, and distinctive religious and ritualistic practices. This paper critically analyses the politics of representation using the example of tribals in Malayalam films as it has evolved over the past decades and attempts to trace a whole gamut of aesthetic and ethical issues at stake.
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Hamilton, Stephen K., and Peter C. Gehrke. "Australia's tropical river systems: current scientific understanding and critical knowledge gaps for sustainable management." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05063.
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Australia’s tropical river systems are poorly understood in comparison with Australia’s temperate freshwater and tropical marine systems. Tropical rivers convey ~70% of the continent’s freshwater runoff, and are increasingly being targeted for development. However, existing knowledge is inadequate to support policy for tropical regions that avoids repeating the environmental problems of water use in southern Australia. This paper summarises existing knowledge on the hydrogeomorphic drivers of tropical catchments, fluxes of sediments and nutrients, flow requirements and wetlands. Key research issues include improved quantification of available water resources, hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological linkages at systems scales, understanding and valuing ecosystem processes and services, and projecting the effects of long-term climate change. Two special considerations for tropical Australia are the location of major centres of government and research capacity outside the tropical region, and the legal title of much of tropical Australia vesting in Aboriginal communities with different cultural values for rivers. Both issues will need to be addressed if tropical research is to be effective in supporting resource management needs into the future. Systems-scale thinking is needed to identify links between system components and coastal enterprises, and to protect the environmental, social, and economic values of Australia’s tropical river systems.
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Strydom, Marné. "Pride and Prejudice: The Role of Policy and Perception Creation in the Chinese Revolt of 1652 on Dutch Formosa." Itinerario 27, no. 2 (July 2003): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020519.
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The events of September 1652 on the island of Formosa were one of the bloodiest chapters in the history of Dutch management of the island, and could arguably be viewed as one of the most severe suppressions of a rebellious group in the seventeenth century. The unexpected, ill-prepared uprising of thousands of frustrated, angry and impoverished Chinese farmers and field hands against Dutch colonial management were successfully, yet in the most severe and savage way, suppressed through a military collaboration between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the local Aborigines of the island. In total some 3,000 Chinese residents of the island were killed, the ‘hacked-off’ head of the leader ‘displayed on a stake […] to frighten the Chinese as a sign of victory over those dastardly traitors’, while three of his lieutenants were tortured to death by Company officials in an effort to extract confessions and information from them. Indeed severe action towards a section of the Formosan colonial society that was primarily responsible for the economic success of the Dutch settlement enterprise.
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Павлов, К. В., И. Г. Андреева та М. Г. Метелева. "СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АКВАКУЛЬТУРЫ: ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТЫ". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, № 4 (15 грудня 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2018.4.02.
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Formulation of the problem. The article analyzes the problems and current trends in the functioning of aquaculture, and also determines the prospects for its development in the foreseeable future. The subject of the research is the assessment of the current state and development of aquaculture at the federal and regional levels. The aim of the research is to analyze the current state and the main problems associated with the functioning of aquaculture in the economy. The object of the research is aquaculture development strategies based on identifying the most important socio-economic trends. The methods used of the research - scientific, logical, retrospective. The hypothesis of the research - the feasibility of the development of various areas of aquaculture: pasture aquaculture; pond aquaculture; industrial aquaculture; mariculture; recreational aquaculture. The statement of basic materials. The carp species of fish occupy the leading place in aquaculture; their annual production is more than 80%. There is a tendency to expand the species diversity of farmed fish through both the aboriginal ichthyofauna and the use of previously acclimatized species. Farmer fish farming has received some development, however, accounting for farmed fish in this sector of aquaculture is currently difficult and is estimated by expert means. Originality and practical significance of the research. The main areas of practical activity are: the creation of a legal framework for the functioning of aquaculture enterprises of various forms of ownership; large-scale construction of reproduction complexes in large natural water bodies and reservoirs; training and retraining of personnel at various managerial levels. Conclusions of the research. The formation of a regional mechanism for the development of aquaculture, which unites the economic interests of the state and a large region represented by the authorities, credit institutions, enterprises of the fish complex, as well as representatives of small and medium-sized businesses should lead to the implementation of national policy in several related sectors and areas of the national economy.
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VOLKOVA, E. S. "LIFE AFTER REFORMS: THE SURVIVAL PRACTICES IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AT THE TURN OF XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE MIRROR OF FICTION." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (July 16, 2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-46-57.
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Following the current trends in the development of historical science, the author considers fiction as an important source for the study of the post-Soviet period, allowing recreating the socio- historical types of behavior, way of thinking and public mood, to track the transformation of the structures of everyday life. The article is based on the fiction published from the early 1990s to the present day and reflected the Far Eastern realities of the 1990s-2000s. The main attention is paid to the ways of adaptation to the new socio-economic conditions, such as inflation and the fall in real money incomes, massive cuts and wage delays, privatization, the collapse of industrial enterprises, the destruction of social infrastructure, the income differentiation, and an increasing gap between more and less developed territories. Art works show how in crisis the Far East inhabitants are looking for opportunities for part- time work, change professions, working for hire, opening their own business or falling into the category of self-employed, use deviant and destructive forms of employment. Many people in the conditions of continuous growth of prices, delays in wages or lack of a permanent, well-paid place of work are accustomed to live without money, making purchases rarely, but using subsistence farming in dacha or vegetable garden, the interchange of goods and services, engaged in gathering, hunting, fishing (the aboriginal population returns to traditional marine mammal hunting). In addition, the Far East inhabitants react to the modified conditions by changing their demographic behavior. Horizontal public relations are being strengthened, mutual assistance are widely used in the circle of relatives and friends.
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Craig, AB. "Fire Management of Rangelands in the Kimberley Low-Rainfall Zone: a Review." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 1 (1999): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990039.
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This paper examines a range of environmental, research and practical issues affecting fire management of pastoral lands in the southern part of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. Although spinifex grasslands dominate most leases, smaller areas of more productive pastures are crucially important to many enterprises. There is a lack of local documentation of burning practices during traditional Aboriginal occupation; general features of the fire regime at that time can be suggested on the basis of information from other inland areas. Definition of current tire regimes is improving through interpretation of NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery. Irregular extensive wildfires appear to dominate, although this should be confirmed by further accumulation, validation and analysis of fire history data. While these fires cause ma,jor difficulties. controlled burn~ng is a necessary part of station management. Although general management guidelines have been published. local research into tire-grazing effects has been very limited. For spinifex pastures, reconimendations are generally consistent with those applying elsewhere in northern Australia. They favour periodic burning of mature spinifex late in the year, before or shortly after the arrival of the first rains, with deferment of grazing. At that time. days of high fire danger may still be expected and prediction of fire behaviour is critical to burning decisions. Early dry-season burning is also required for creating protective tire breaks and to prepare for burning later in the year. Further development of tools for predicting fire behaviour, suited to the discontinuous fuels characteristic of the area, would be warranted. A range of questions concerning the timing and spatial pattern of burning, control of post-fire grazing, and the economics of fire management, should be addressed as resources permit. This can be done through a combination of opportunistic studies, modelling and documentation of local experience. The development of an expert system should be considered to assist in planning and conducting burning activities. Key words: Kimberley, fire regimes, fire management, pastoralism, spinifex
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Foran, B. D. "Sifting the future from the past: a personal assessment of trends impacting the Australian rangelands." Rangeland Journal 29, no. 1 (2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07019.
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The fore-sighting exercise undertaken at the Australian Rangeland Society Conference at Port Augusta 10 years ago in 1996 developed four scenarios: ‘economic growth’, ‘best practice’, ‘extra green’ and ‘partial retreat’. These were later collapsed into two broad directions, ‘looking out’ (the economic rewards generated by a full application of free market policies with rangeland enterprises having strong external linkages will result in production and management efficiencies which benefit the Australian economy) and ‘looking in’ (rangeland Australia and its human, economic and ecological resources will be best served by the development and maintenance of strong local communities in each rangeland region). It was anticipated that ‘looking out’ would apply to only a few rangeland regions where pastoral production is highly valued and rangelands are resilient; ‘looking in’ would apply to the majority of the rangelands where other values might outweigh pastoral production in the future and where the rangeland resource is considered less resilient. Given the world’s embrace of economic and trade globalisation, and the dominance in the federal sphere of one coalition government and one prime minister, it seems inevitable that across Australia the last 10 years were dominated by the ‘looking out’ direction, while many marginal rangelands had few options but to ‘look in’. The 1996 discussions failed to appreciate fully the importance in shaping today’s world of singular issues such as terrorism, global climate change, potential disease pandemics, the emergence of China and India and, in an Australian rangelands context, the continuing success of the northern beef industry. In the interim, rangelands science has produced an impressive underpinning of integrative information led both by industry investment and government funding. However, long-term resilience is still not assured in many areas of Australia’s rangelands. It continues to be outpaced by those four horsemen of the (rangelands) apocalypse: the need for growth, periodic droughts, personal gain and introduced organisms. During the next 2 decades the rangelands will be buffeted by many of the same old issues and well as obvious emerging ones. Important human-centric ones will be the tension between European and Aboriginal demographic trends, the increased economic dominance of mining, tourism and defence in the rangelands, and the ‘sponge effect’ of successful towns and particular enterprises. Ecological and bio-physical issues will include carbon trading, energy generation, water catchments, weeds and diseases and agricultural incursions into the northern rangelands. The broad directions of ‘looking out’ and ‘looking in’ still retain some currency for today’s rangeland decision makers but are now embedded in far stronger and shifting currents that are frequently determined by global and national dynamics, rather than local issues. A distinguishing feature of the Australian rangelands is that they are still essentially intact (apart from their fauna) in a world context and may gain future ecological and economic advantage by remaining so. How to retain this status remains one of the great challenges for the next generation of Australian rangelanders.
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L., J. F. "HOW VALUABLE IS THE S.A.T.?" Pediatrics 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.4.a56.
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Most societies have some sort of rite of passage from childhood to adulthood. The aborigine in Australia send adolescents into the wilderness on a "walkabout." German noblemen prove their maturity by acquiring dueling scars. Americans have one in which their young people spend three high-pressured hours filling in little boxes. Anthropologists call it "Taking the Scholastic Aptitude Test." What do they measure? To anyone with lingering faith in Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny and truth-in-packaging, the answer is obvious: The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures scholastic aptitude. For that answer score zero. The test was created in 1926, when people still believed that there was something called intelligence that experts could measure and put a number on. Scholastic aptitude was its academic counterpart. Today no one believes that intelligence is that simple, and developers of the aptitude test have backed away from claiming to measure aptitude. What does the test tell colleges? The College Board says the examination predicts college grades in the freshman year. The technical term is predictive validity, which is measured on a scale of zero to one. Zero means that the result would be as random as using a zip code. A perfect 1.0 means that everyone with high test scores will get high grades, everyone with low scores will get low grades and so forth. Testmakers' research shows that college freshmen grades can be predicted with a validity of 0.42 based on the aptitude test, 0.48 based on high school grades and 0.55 if both are used. Since colleges already have students' grades, the incremental advantage of having the test scores is 0.07. Do test scores change admissions decisions? In a new book, "The Case Against the S.A.T.," James Crouse and Dale Trushei.m of the University of Delaware argue that the test is "valid but redundant." They conducted their own studies and concluded that by using high school grades alone, they could come to the same conclusion as admissions directors in all but 3 percent of cases-not enough, in their opinion, to justify the whole enterprise.
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Lux, Maureen. "Taking the Pulse: New Books in the History of Health and Medicine in CanadaJ.B. Collip and the Development of Medical Research in Canada: Extracts and Enterprise. By Alison Li. McGill-Queen’s/Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine, Health, and Society no. 18. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. 256 pp. $55.00 (cloth) ISBN 9780773526099.Women, Health, and Nation: Canada and the United States since 1945. Ed. Georgina Feldberg, Molly Ladd-Taylor, Alison Li, and Kathryn McPherson. McGill-Queen’s/ Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine, Health, and Society no. 16. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. 448 pp. $80.00 (cloth) ISBN 9780773525009. $29.95 (paper) ISBN 9780773525016.An Element of Hope: Radium and the Response to Cancer in Canada, 1900-1940. By Charles Hayter. McGill-Queen’s/Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine, Health and Society no. 22. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005. 288 pp. $70.00 (cloth) ISBN 9780773528697.The Struggle to Serve: A History of the Moncton Hospital, 1895-1953. By W.G. Godfrey. McGill-Queen’s/Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine, Health, and Society no. 21. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004. 256 pp. $75.00 (cloth) ISBN 9780773525122.Nutrition Policy in Canada, 1870-1939. By Aleck Ostry. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2006. 160 pp. $85.00 (cloth) ISBN 9780774813273. $34.95 (paper) ISBN 9780774813280.Aboriginal Health in Canada: Historical, Cultural, and Epidemiological Perspectives. 2nd ed. By James B. Waldram, D. Ann Herring, and T. Kue Young. 2006. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. 352 pp. $70.00 (cloth) ISBN 0802087922. $29.95 (paper) ISBN 0802085792." Journal of Canadian Studies 41, no. 3 (August 2007): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.41.3.194.
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Robson, B. T., J. R. Walton, Iain Black, P. J. Cain, C. White, R. Colls, R. Colls, et al. "Review of Urban Population Development in Western Europe from the Late-Eighteenth to the Early-Twentieth Century, by Richard Lawton and Robert Lee; Land, Labour and Agriculture, 1700-1920, by B. A. Holderness and M. Turner; The Industrial Revolution, by P. Hudson; Merchant Enterprise in Britain from the Industrial Revolution to World War One, by S. Chapman; Rethinking the Victorians, by L. M. Shires; Forever England, by A. Light; The English Eliot, by S. Ellis; Women and the Women's Movement in Britain 1914-59, by M. Pugh; The Erosion of Childhood, by L. Rose; Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failings, by P. M. H. Mazumdar; Feeding the Victorian City, by R. Scola; A History of Nature Conservation in Britain, by E. Evans; The Invention of Scotland, by M. G. H. Pittock; Understanding Scotland, by D. McCrome; A Social History of France 1780-1880, by P. McPhee; Province and Empire, by J. M. H. Smith; Reconstructing Large-Scale Climatic Patterns from Tree Ring Data, by H. C. Fritts; The Origins of Southwestern Agriculture, by R. G. Matson; Indian Survival on the California Frontier, by A. L. Hurtado; Appalachian Frontiers, by R. D. Mitchell; The Politics of River Trade, by T. Whigham; Full of Hope and Promise, by E. Ross; Aboriginal Peoples and Politics, by P. Tennant; Fortress California, 1910-1961, by R. W. Lotchin; Remaking America, by J. Bodnar; The Last Great Necessity, by D. C. Sloane; Hispanic Lands and Peoples, by W. M. Denevan; Writing Western History, by R. W. Etulain; Standing on the Shoulders of Giants, by N. J. W. Thrower; The Long Wave in the World Economy, by A. Tylecote; The End of Anglo-America, by R. A. Burchell; Painting and the Politics of Culture, by J. Barrell; Colonialism and Development in the Contemporary World, by C. Dixon and M. J. Heffernan; A World on the Move, by A. J. R. Russell-Wood; Colonial Policy and Conflict in Zimbabwe, by D. Mungazi; The New Atlas of African History, by G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville; Atlas of British Overseas Expansion, by A. N. Porter (Ed.); The Population of Britain in the Nineteenth Century, by R. Woods and The Development of the French Economy, by C. Heywood." Journal of Historical Geography 19, no. 2 (April 1993): 205–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1993.1015.
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Wanasuk, Paphaphit, and Thomas F. Thornton. "Aboriginal Tourism as Sustainable Social-Environmental Enterprise (SSEE): A Tlingit Case Study from Southeast Alaska." International Indigenous Policy Journal 6, no. 4 (September 9, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.18584/iipj.2015.6.4.8.
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The Tlingit Aboriginal tourism enterprise named Icy Strait Point in Hoonah, Southeast Alaska is used as a case study to develop the new concept of Sustainable Social-Environmental Enterprise (SSEE). SSEE is defined as an innovative enterprise that has dynamic operational strategies while still maintaining its corporate core values and integrating social, environmental, cultural, economic and political (SECEP) sustainabilities in its operations. The SSEE framework assesses enterprises according to five domains of sustainability: social, environmental, cultural, economic, and political. Applying this framework, we find that while social, economic, and cultural sustainability goals have been achieved in a relatively short time by the Aboriginal tourism enterprise in Hoonah, the political and environmental spheres of sustainability are constrained by the dominant influence of the multinational cruise ship industry over tourism development. Thus, for an emerging tourism enterprise to be sustainable, we suggest each of these livelihood dimensions needs to achieve "a safe operating space" that is adaptable over time and to changing social and environmental circumstances.
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Kagie, Robin. "Zoeken naar het overbruggen van afstand binnen een Aboriginal gemeenschap." KWALON 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/2019.024.002.006.
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Trying to gain access to an isolated rural Aboriginal community in Western Australia This article describes my enterprise to collect data about health literacy among an isolated rural Aboriginal community in Western Australia. The aim of the research was to find out whether an adapted survey about health literacy for less developed and lower income countries could be used to collect data on this issue among a rural isolated Aboriginal community. I was confronted with three challenges into gaining access to this community. In the first place, I had never been to Australia, secondly I am not from Aboriginal descent and thirdly, the community was isolated geographically. In this article, I describe my ways of gaining access to persons from this isolated community, which included working in the canteen of the community school and preparing weekly a healthy snack for the school children, working in the local allotments which offer subsidized jobs to persons without work, and visiting local organizations. In this way, I was finally able to speak with about 18 persons, half of them being from Aboriginal descent, about issues related to health literacy.
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Ensign, Prescott C. "Social enterprise in a remote Indigenous community – Barunga Festival in Australia's Northern Territory." Journal of Management & Organization, February 11, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2020.46.
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Abstract In 2020, the Barunga Festival would have celebrated its 35th anniversary. In mid-June of 2021, as many as 4,000 individuals were expected to descend on an aboriginal community of 300 residents located 400 km south of Darwin. This case describes the challenge to the Festival's promoters as they seek to sustain peak socio-economic impact in their role as community development change agents in a diverse and dynamic environment. The reader is tasked with clarifying goals, deciding what is at stake, and setting a course of action to realize those objectives.