Dissertationen zum Thema „Activity zones“
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Eriksen, Claire Anne. „Sleepiness - night work, time zones and activity /“. Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-790-1/.
Magalhães, Andreia Filipa Afonso. „Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolates from frogs' skins from urban zones“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17177.
As populações de anfíbios têm decaído ao longo dos últimos anos devido a inúmeros fatores, tais comos, a perda de habitat, a contaminação/poluição e um dos mais importantes, as doenças. Estas perdas originam também a perda de diversidade genética das espécies, podendo comprometer a sua aptidão e também capacidade de adaptação. Tendo em conta todos estes fatores, é necessário proceder à preservação das populações de anfíbios, independentemente do local em que se encontram ser contaminado, pristino, rural ou urbano. Sabendo que os anfíbios de zonas urbanas podem ser uma fonte importante para a diversidade genética da espécie e que estão expostos, tal como as populações de zonas naturais, a agentes patogénicos, sendo que normalmente são populações negligenciadas a nível de proteção, urge a necessidade de as avaliar e proteger, nomeadamente contra agentes patogénicos. De uma forma geral, esta proteção é conferida de uma forma inata por estruturas ao nível da pele, que fazem parte do seu sistema imunitário. Estas são glândulas granulares responsáveis pela produção de compostos peptídicos capazes de inibir o crescimento de agentes patogénicos. Em acréscimo, a microbiota existente na pele estimula e complementa a atividade destas secreções. Com base nestes factos, este trabalho teve como objetivos: i) avaliar de que forma fatores como as estações do ano (Primavera e Outono) e o género, podem influenciar a microbiota cultivável da pele de Pelophylax perezi de zonas urbanas, ii) avaliar se os isolados bacterianos da pele apresentam atividade antimicrobiana e iii) avaliar o potencial dos isolados bacterianos com atividade antimicrobiana enquanto possíveis agentes probióticos, na presença de um agente patogénico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças entre locais ao nível das espécies isoladas, sendo poucas as espécies comuns entre locais. Além disso, foi evidenciado que num total de 120 isolados, 19 possuíam atividade antimicrobiana face a Bacyllus aquimaris e Aeromonas salmonicida. Também se verificaram diferenças na atividade antimicrobiana entre estações do ano, existindo um maior número de espécies com atividade antimicrobiana no Outono. Dos isolados com atividade antimicrobiana, os três com maior atividade, Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae, Pseudomonas fluorescens e Bacillus mycoides foram selecionados para a segunda fase do trabalho, em que se avaliou o seu potencial enquanto possíveis agentes probióticos. Após exposição, in vivo, de girinos aos probióticos, em simultâneo com A. Salmonicida, verificou-se que estes evitavam mortalidade dos girinos, bem como diminuíam o dano peroxidativo quando comparados com os valores do agente patogénico. Dos três probióticos B. mycoides mostrou ser aquele com maior capacidade de estimular as enzimas antioxidantes, sendo o agente probiótico com os valores mais baixos de dano peroxidativo.
Amphibian populations have declined over the past few years due to numerous factors such as habitat loss, contamination / pollution and one of the most important, diseases. These losses also result in the loss of genetic diversity of the species, which may compromise their fitness and ability to adapt. Taking all these factors into account, it is necessary to preserve amphibian populations, regardless of being found in contaminated, pristine, rural or urban sites. Given that urban amphibian populations can be an important source for genetic diversity of the species and that they are exposed, such as populations of natural areas, to pathogens, there is a need for assess and protect them against pathogenic agents. Generally, this protection is conferred in an innate way by skin structures, which are part of your immune system. These are granular glands responsible for the production of peptidic compounds capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogens. In addition, the microbiota in the skin stimulates and complements the activity of these secretions. Based on these facts, this work had as objectives: i) to evaluate how factors such as seasonality (spring and autumn) and gender can influence the cultivable microbiota of Pelophylax perezi skin in urban areas; ii) assess the ability of the bacterial skin isolates to present antimicrobial activity and iii) evaluate the potential of bacterial isolates with antimicrobial activity as potential probiotic agents. The obtained results showed differences between sites at the level of the isolated species, with few common species between sites. In addition, it was evidenced that in a total of 120 isolates, 19 had antimicrobial activity against Bacyllus aquimaris and Aeromonas salmonicida. There were also differences in antimicrobial activity between seasons, with a higher number of species with antimicrobial activity in the autumn. Of the isolates with antimicrobial activity, the three with the highest activity, Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus mycoides were selected for the second phase of the study, in which their potential action as probiotic agents was evaluated. After in vivo exposure of the tadpoles to the probiotics, along with A. salmonicida, these were found to decrease the mortality of tadpoles as well as to decrease the peroxidative damage, when compared to the values obtained from the exposure to the pathogen. From the three probiotics B. mycoides revealed to be the one with the greatest capacity to stimulate the antioxidant enzymes, being the probiotic agent with the lowest values of peroxidative damage.
Mikołajczyk, Łukasz. „Geoarchaeology as an aid to understanding human activity in the changing environment of coastal zones“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=234013.
Chun, Nicholas. „Identifying Clusters of Non-Farm Activity within Exclusive Farm Use Zones in the Northern Willamette Valley“. Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600978.
This thesis provides an extensive look at where permitted non-farm uses and dwellings have clustered within Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) zones in the Northern Willamette Valley in Oregon. There is a looming concern that non-farm related uses and dwellings, or non-farm development, are conflicting with agricultural preservation strategies. Specifically, non-farm developments can potentially undermine the critical mass of farmland needed to keep the agricultural economy sustainable, but until now, studies have lacked spatially precise data to systematically track these phenomena. This thesis offers methodological contributions towards analyzing these operations and presents a broad account of what has been occurring in the region. Using permit approval data from the Department of Land Conservation and Development (DLCD) and 2015 county tax lot shapefiles, I geocoded the locations of these uses and dwellings. I used location quotient and spatial autocorrelation coefficients to identify non-farm hotspots in the region and summarized different typologies that have developed. The findings reveal that viticulture operations have amassed near Dundee and Newberg in Yamhill County, while commercial activities and home occupations have clustered near the Salem-Keizer UGB. Concurrently, dwellings have clustered near the Yamhill-Polk County border. Finally, I offer suggestions to improve Oregon’s agricultural land use policy and data management process, as well as advocate for more intensive research in the future to generate narratives for our results.
Koenig, Sarah. „Rôle des zones tampon végétalisées sur les transferts d'azote et de phosphore vers les milieux aquatiques“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH022/document.
The conservation of water quality is a major issue in the 21th century in particular with the increase in the human population. Water-treatment plants rejections represent a risk of pollution of the receiving environment, in particular in nitrogen and phosphorus, with fatal effects for the health and the environment. It is to limit this pollution that the vegetated buffer zones (VBZs), systems of infiltration, where water and nutrients retention are expected, were developed. This study has for main objective to better understand the transfers of nutrients in this type of system. The impact of the various compartments - soil, vegetation, microflora- was studied in two VBZs ditches type, situated downstream to vegetated water-treatment plants in service and in an experimental zone with controlled modalities. This study demonstrated the importance of site hydraulic, soil texture and VBZ surface in effectiveness of water and nutrients retention. The impact of microbial compartment depends largely on the hydraulic retention time bonds to VBZ surface and oxygenation rate of the effluent. Vegetation allows microbial activity improvement but its role in nutrients retention and removal is minor because of high quantities brought by effluents. The soil is the major compartment in phosphorus retention, although a rapid saturation of soil phosphorus could limit this potential. These observations demonstrate variability in the effectiveness of VBZ in water and nutrients retention. This variability could be minimized by planning and management measures. The study of nutrients transfers deserve to be further study and extended to all types of VBZ
Kalbfleisch, Netasha. „Crustal-scale Shear Zones Recording 400 m.y. of Tectonic Activity in the North Caribou Greenstone Belt, Western Superior Province of Canada“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23308.
Leason, Helen C. „Spatial and temporal variability of vegetation cover and zones of potential aeolian activity in the southwest Kalahari Desert, determined using satellite data“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265579.
Callbeck, Cameron [Verfasser], Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Kuypers und Alexander [Gutachter] Loy. „Distribution and Activity of Anammox and Sulfide-Oxidizing Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria in Oxygen Minimum Zones / Cameron Callbeck ; Gutachter: Marcel Kuypers, Alexander Loy ; Betreuer: Marcel Kuypers“. Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143765745/34.
Nishiwaki, Takafumi. „Comparison of Damage Zones of the Nojima and the Asano Faults from the Deep Drilling Project: Differences in Meso-to-microscale Deformation Structures related to Fault Activity“. Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253096.
Hueck, Mathias [Verfasser], Siegfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Siegesmund, Siegfried [Gutachter] Siegesmund und Miguel A. S. [Gutachter] Basei. „Long-term activity of shear zones in the Dom Feliciano Belt and associated terranes (South America) / Mathias Hueck ; Gutachter: Siegfried Siegesmund, Miguel A. S. Basei ; Betreuer: Siegfried Siegesmund“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117207190X/34.
Frisk, Jennie. „Visa vem du är : En studie om att personifiera sin arbetsplats i en flexibel kontorsmiljö“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40134.
Gustafsson, Fanny. „Den lugna oasen i en aktiv miljö : En studie om lugna zoner i ett aktivitetsbaserat flexkontor“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48981.
Rohlén, Marcus, und William Winterbom. „FRAMTIDENS KONTOR -En kvalitativ studie gällande medarbetare i en aktivitetsbaserad verksamhet“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75524.
Arbetets natur och dess utformning har genomgått stora förändringar de senaste årtiondena. Aktivitetsbaserad verksamhet (ABV) är idag ett av de populäraste arbetssätten där olika zoner på kontoret ger medarbetarna möjlighet att själva styra över hur och var de arbetar. Tidigare forskning på området tyder på positiva organisatoriska effekter men eftersom arbetssättet relativt nyligen slagit igenom är forskning på hur det påverkar medarbetarna begränsad. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur medarbetarnas upplevda effektivitet och sociala handlingsutrymme påverkas i en aktivitetsbaserad verksamhet. För att åstadkomma detta gjordes en fallstudie där observationer och kvalitativa intervjuer tillsammans formade de slutsatser och analyser som gjordes. Resultatet i denna undersökning visar en positiv inställning från medarbetarna till det aktivitetsbaserade arbetssättet som skapar en ökad upplevd effektivitet. Tillsammans med det sociala upplägg som den arkitektoniska aspekten erbjuder får medarbetarna verktyg att själva påverka och i viss mån även styra det sociala arbetslivet.
El-Zein, Yasmine. „Vad säger rumsformen? : En studie om hur rumsformer kan kommunicera olika aktivitetszoner i ett aktivitetsbaserat utomhuskontor för högskolestudenter“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55009.
Denna studie är ett examensarbete inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka huruvida metoder och teorier inom informationsdesign kan tillämpas för att aktivitetszoner i ett aktivitetsbaserat utomhuskontor ska kunna kommunicera och informera dess funktion med hjälp av rumsformer. Studien inkluderar ett metodiskt arbete som innefattar en fysisk platsanalys, enkätundersökning, semistrukturerade intervjuer och workshops samt en scenarioutvärdering. Metoderna genomfördes med syfte att undersöka användarnas attityder gentemot studierelaterat arbete i utomhusmiljö, efterfrågan och behov av aktivitetszoner, samt vad olika rumsformer kommunicerar och varför.Baserat på teori kombinerat med insamlade data och empiri, har ett gestaltningsförslag tagits fram som exemplifierar utformningen av ett aktivitetsbaserat utomhuskontor för högskolestudenter, med fokus på användningen av informativa rumsformer. Detta för att kontorsformen ska kunna brukas enligt korrekt syfte och därmed möjliggöra en god arbetsmiljö som både verkar funktionellt i den mening att de tillmötesgår användarbehoven, samtidigt som rumsformen ska vägleda användarna till sin plats i det nya rummet.
Bury, M. R. C. „Wave activity in the surf zone“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356248.
Luglia, Mathieu. „Caractérisation et facteurs structurants des fonctions microbiennes des sédiments de la zone intertidale en Guyane française : des vasières estuariennes aux mangroves matures“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4340/document.
Under equatorial conditions, coastal sediments of intertidal mudflats form an ecological continuum, from bare mud being stabilized to soil settled by various mangrove facies. Edaphic microbial functions of terrestrial ecosystems are extensively documented; on the contrary, this is not the case with regards to sedimentary environment. This study had the main objective defining the drivers of the spatiotemporal variability of microbial functions (aerobic respiration, metabolic diversity, and enzyme activities) in coastal sediments of French Guiana. These researches were carried out according to biological colonization states (mudflats, pioneer and mature mangroves) and using various spatiotemporal scales considering the fundamental role of the hydro-sedimentary instability and potential variability due to hydro-climatic seasons. Different factors which can influence microbial functions were studied: i) the chemical quality (13C solid-state NMR) of OM with respect to vegetation presence and composition, and its development state; ii) the physicochemical characteristics of sediments and porewaters according to localization and topography of the different mangrove facies. Generally, results showed the importance of hydro-sedimentary instability for the establishment and structuring of microbial functions. Moreover, giving the different models, structuring factors were variables. However, OM, in terms of quantity and quality, was overriding for the expression of these functions and this was true for the evolution states from mudflat to young mangrove. By contrast, it appeared much more difficult discerning generalizable drivers for mature mangroves
Bamforth, Selina Mary. „Microbial diversity and biogeochemical activity in a riparian buffer zone“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437587.
Söderberg, Freja. „Eastern Tropical Pacific ITCZ and Lightning Activity“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227427.
Atherton, Rachel Jane. „Moisture dynamics and aeolian activity on a temperate, meso-tidal beach“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369965.
Angonin, Diane. „Lineage-specific manipulation of subventricular zone germinal activity for neonatal cortical repair“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1175/document.
Perinatal hypoxia leads to degeneration and delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes and cortical glutamatergic neurons. My PhD project consists in assessing the contribution of neural stem cells (NSCs) of the dorsal subventricular zone (dSVZ, i.e. the largest germinal zone of the postnatal brain) to the spontaneous regenerative attempt observed following such injury as well as its amenability to pharmacological manipulation.The results I have obtained highlight a dynamic and lineage-specific response of NSCs of the dSVZ to hypoxia that results in de novo oligodendrogenesis and cortical neurogenesis. Newborn cortical neurons express appropriate cortical layer markers, supporting their appropriate specification. A pharmacogenomics analysis allowed us to identify small molecules boosting specificly dSVZ NSCs. Pharmacological activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling by intranasal GSK3ß inhibitor administration during the recovery period following hypoxia indeed potentiates dorsal SVZ participation to post-hypoxia repair. Gsk3b inhibitor CHIR99021 seems to promote survival of cortical neurons from the dSVZ produced in response to hypoxia. More interestingly, CHIR99021 promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and long term integration in the cortex as well as a long term increased activity of dSVZ NSCs.Altogether, my results highlighted a dynamic and lineage-specific response of dorsal NSCs cells to hypoxia and identify the early postnatal dorsal SVZ as a malleable source of stem cells for cortical repair following trauma that occur early in life. CHIR99021 (a Gsk3b inhibitor) intranasal administration promotes this cortical cellular repair with a long term activation of dSVZ NSCs which increased their production of oligodendrocytes migrating to the cortex and a short term improvement of their maturation, and might allow the integration of cortical neurons they produce
Clinton, Sandra Mae. „Microbial metabolism, enzyme activity and production in the hyporheic zone of a floodplain river /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5560.
Thompson, Nicholas Scott. „“The Friend Zone”- friendship moderates the impact of a web-based group dynamics application on group cohesion: a randomized trial“. Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32580.
Department of Kinesiology
Brandon Irwin
Purpose: Face-to-face group dynamics-based (GDB) programs have been shown to be effective in promoting group cohesion and physical activity (PA). Recent evidence suggests that GDB principles can be successfully translated to web-based applications to impact group cohesion. The social nature of such applications allows for interactions to occur between friends and strangers alike, potentially moderating the effects of such GDB applications. Optimal group composition within GDB web applications has yet to be determined. The present study examines the moderating effects of group composition in a GDB application on group cohesion and PA. Methods: Participants (n = 166) were randomized into same-sex pairs and then randomly assigned to an experimental condition: stranger (no app), stranger (using app), friend (using app) or individual control. Participants in all conditions performed two sets of planking exercises. In between sets, those in partnered conditions interacted with their partner using a GDB social media app, where they participated in a series of team-building activities. The main dependent variables were group cohesion and physical activity, calculated as the total persistence during Block 2, controlling for Block 1 persistence. Results: Results indicate that the group integration dimensions of cohesion were higher in groups that used the application than those that did not (GI-T: p= .001; GI-S: p= .004). Friends that used the app reported greater cohesion across all dimensions than strangers that did the same (ATG-T: p= .006; ATG-S: p= .003; GI-T: p= .001; GI-S: p< .001). There was also a significant difference in PA (p=.004) between the two app-using conditions. However, there was no significant difference in PA between app using conditions and strangers that did not use the app (p= .495). Conclusions: Group cohesion can be enhanced through the use of an online GDB application. Using an online GDB application with a friend is associated with higher levels of cohesion. Further research is necessary to identify effective online GDB applications for impacting physical activity and cohesion in field settings.
Menendez, Rita Maria. „Cultural-Historical Activity Perspectives on the Effects of Participation in Teacher-Mediated, Computer-Mediated Reading Instruction“. Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/353.
Asmyou, Sana Alhadi. „An in-vitro study of antifungal activity of gymnemic acid“. University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6239.
Candida species are frequently isolated from oral mucosal surfaces of healthy individuals and is the most common genus responsible for up to 75% of all candidal infections. The most common problems associated management of oral candidiasis are antifungal drug resistance and side effects Natural medicine is an emerging field and is being explored to overcome drug resistance and to reduce side effects. Gymnemagenin (will be known as Gymnemic acid; GA) is a purified extract from Gymnema sylvestre, a slow growing, perennial, medicinal plant found in Central and Western India, Tropical Africa and Australia is regarded as one of the plants with potent antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
Matsumoto, Keisaku. „Petrological study of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Sesia zone, western Alps : the role of lawsonite on the fluid activity in the subduction zone“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136782.
Black, Helaina I. J. „Abundance and distribution of Microtermes (Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) in cultivated and uncultivated areas at Mokwa in the Southern Guinea savanna vegetation zone of Nigeria“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1994. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/52083.
Martin, Jake Joseph. „Geophysical and geological analysis of fault activity and seismic history of the Obion River Area, New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), Western Tennessee, USA“. Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103595.
The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) is well known for producing some of the largest intra-cratonic earthquakes within the North American Plate. The common hypothesis for the geological structure within the NMSZ is that stress is released across three major faults: the Cottonwood Grove Fault, the New Madrid North Fault, and the Reelfoot Thrust Fault. Evidence exists that would suggest an alternative model of geologic deformation in the area: that stress is being released across more than these three faults. A geologic and geophysical investigation was done to investigate a hypothetical fault west of Dyersburg, TN to test the alternative multi-fault hypothesis. A seismically created sand blow was logged in close proximity to the fault projection. Weathering of the sand blow indicated that the age of the sand blow came from a seismic event prior to the 1811-1812 earthquakes. There was no evidence to confirm this sand blow was created by a hypothetical fault in close proximity. A seismic exploration of the area was done across four seismic lines, primarily mapping Quaternary-age Mississippi River flood plain deposits. These seismic surveys yielded no evidence to suggest the presence of an additional fault. Across all surveys no evidence was found to conclusively support any existing theory on fault movement in the NMSZ
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences
Barsotti, Vanessa. „Recherche et caractérisation de microorganismes dans les compartiments géologiques profonds“. Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688631.
Zenger, Robin Elizabeth. „West Indians in Panama: Diversity and Activism, 1910s – 1940s“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581411.
Pym, Bolleri Donatien. „Le statut juridique des établissements de microfinance (EMF) en zone CEMAC (Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale)“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090074.
The enactment of a legal status for microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States (CEMAC) was an urgent need for it ought to monitor the activities of microfinance and its actors. This initiative resulted in the Rules of April 13, 2002 through two ways. On the one hand, securing the microfinance sector which has led to the regulation of access to microfinance activity and regulation of the exercise of that activity. On the other hand, the legislator has made the specialization of MFIs, assigning two types of basic tasks, which distinguish them from traditional credit institutions. Microfinance institutions come to the rescue of those who are excluded from the classical banking sector and they equally finance petty economic activities.The legal status enacted by the sub-Regional legislator of CEMAC is an important advancement in the management of the business microfinance. Nevertheless, this work can be improved upon.One of the ways of improving the status and is prepared to make a better differentiation of various legal forms that microfinance institutions may take. They may indeed have, either company forms (capitalist or mutual), is charitable or profit associative forms. This variety of legal forms appears to contradict the statutory unit highlighted by the legislator.Another axis of development status of microfinance institutions is the improvement of their legal status. To get there, we must refine the institutional and operational framework for microfinance institutions. At the institutional level, it makes sense to redefine the role of institutions involved in the microfinance sector, consolidating their assets. At the operational level, the specificity of the activity of microfinance invited to better assimilate the contours of contractual relationships that develop between the various actors in the microfinance sector. The ideal is to normalize the original collateral and atypical of enforcement used in microfinance.To achieve the laudable goal of viability and sustainability of MFIs as important players in the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the regulations must be a reality
Zweifel, Stefan. „Exploring Transcriptional Heterogeneity in the Postnatal SVZ“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1047.
Germinal activity persists in the postnatal mammalian brain in specialized niches, namely the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) surrounding the lateral ventricle. Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the postnatal SVZ differentiate into transient amplifying progenitors that will generate neuroblasts migrating through the rostral migratory stream, into the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into neurons. The SVZ additionally generates glial progenitors that invade the nearby parenchyma. Recent work to which I have participated, highlights the heterogeneous nature of the postnatal SVZ in respect to different microdomains generating distinct neural lineages. The objectives of my PhD work were twice: 1) to develop new means to explore the heterogeneity of the SVZ; and 2) to identify transcription factors expressed by subpopulations of NSCs of the SVZ and acting in their differential specification. Objective 1: The SVZ is a highly complex and irregular region of ongoing postnatal germinal activity. The heterogeneous character of the SVZ is evident and recent studies generated enormous datasets of transcripts, which are differentially expressed between divergent microdomains. However, an appropriate tool for fast analysis of the protein level along the full rostro-caudal and dorso-ventral extend of the SVZ is still missing. Therefore, I developed “FlashMap”, a semi-automatic software that allows rapid analysis of protein levels in the full SVZ, based on optical density measurements after immunohistochemistry. “FlashMap” generates easy readable heatmaps in two dimensions, which can be accurately superimposed on three-dimensional reconstructions of the ventricular system for rapid spatial visualization and analysis. This new approach will fasten research onto SVZ regionalization, by guiding the identification of markers, such as transcription factors expressed in specific SVZ microdomains. Objective 2: I used transcriptomic as well as fate mapping approaches to investigate the relation between regional expression of transcription factors by NSCs and their acquisition of distinct neural lineage fates. Our results support an early priming of NSCs to produce defined cell types depending of their spatial location in the SVZ and identify Hopx as a marker of a subpopulation biased to generate astrocytes. Interestingly, manipulation of Hopx expression showed minor effects on astrogenesis, but resulted in marked changes in the number of NSCs and of their progenies. Taken together, our results highlight transcriptional and spatial heterogeneity of postnatal NSCs, as well as their early priming toward specific lineages and suggest a role for Hopx in the evolution of SVZ germinal activity
Clavel, Maïca. „Activité du trou noir supermassif au centre de la Galaxie“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112170/document.
Sagittarius A⋆ is the supermassive black hole at the Galactic center. Due to its proximity, this specimen is an excellent laboratory to study the accretion processes occurring around black holes and to constrain the duty cycle of these objects. Sgr A* is currently extremely faint and despite the detection of daily flares, its luminosity remains at least eight orders of magnitude below its Eddington luminosity, making this specimen one of the least luminous known supermassive black holes. The radiative processes responsible for the daily variations of its luminosity have not been clearly identified yet. We present the results of a multi-wavelength campaign observing Sgr A* simultaneously in X-rays and in the near-infrared, using the XMM-Newton observatory and the VLT/NACO instrument. We studied the spectral variability of Sgr A* using the infrared data we obtained through a spectro-imaging technique. Uncertainties linked to the systematic errors are still large but the first tests applied seem to show that the spectral index of Sgr A* could depend on the black hole luminosity. On longer timescales, we demonstrate that Sgr A* experienced a higher level of activity in the recent past. Indeed, echoes of its past activity can be detected in the molecular material surrounding the black hole. They are traced by a strong signal in the iron fluorescence line at 6.4 keV. We achieved a complete and systematic study of this variable emission detected from the central molecular zone, using Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories. Our results confirm that Sgr A* experienced intense flares in the past few centuries, with a luminosity at least six orders of magnitude higher than its current one. In particular, we highlight for the first time the existence of two distinct transient events of relatively short duration, which are probably due to catastrophic events. These results are the first step needed to include Sgr A*’s activity into a broader understanding of the galactic nuclei
Vermaut, Alexis. „Concentration spatiale des activités économiques at spécialisation des territoires : approche théorique et application aux régions et zones d'emploi françaises“. Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-15.pdf.
Miramon, Hélène. „Développement de polypeptides hélicoïdaux et activité élicitrice“. Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20046.
This work is aimed at helical polypeptides synthesis by polymerization of amino-acids N-carboxyanhydrides. The first part concerns the development of elicitor polymers, able to stimulate self defences of plants. These biodegradable and non toxic polypeptides are constituted by amino-acids which induce a-helix, such as alanine and glutamic acid. The hydrophobic and insoluble polymers characterized by MALDI-TOF, zone capillary electrophoresis, circular dichroism and NMR. These compounds have been tested using peroxidase test, early elicitation marker. A leader has been tested in field and its synthesis has been developped to kilogram scale. The second part of this work is devoted to an unnatural sililated analog of proline, the silaproline. The synthesis of this compound have been optimized in order to produce it to large scale. Then, the silaproline conformations have been studied in modeling dipeptides by molecular modelization, NMR and IR. At last, the NCA of silaproline has been synthetized in order to develop poly(silaproline)s and to study the conformations of these polypeptides
Gros, Emmanuelle. „Isolement, identification et synthèse biomimétique de métabolites secondaires issus d'invertébrés marins de la zone sud-ouest de l'océan Indien“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0005/document.
The main purpose of this interdisciplinary thesis was to study Biemna laboutei, a sponge from Madagascar, known to have toxic properties (dermatitis-producing). The chemical investigation of this sponge including extraction, isolation and identification of secondary metabolites was first undertaken using several chromatographic (HPLC, MPLC…) and spectroscopic (UV-visible, HRMS, NMR 1D et 2D…) techniques. Eighteen alkaloids belonging to the rare class of tricyclic (5,6,8b)-triazaperhydroacenaphtylene heterocycles (i.e. ptilocaulins, mirabilins, netamines) were isolated and identified. Twelve new alkaloids from this group of guanidine derivatives were named netamine H-S. These compounds were grouped on the basis of unsaturation and double bond regiochemistry, with pyrimidine, Δ8,8a and Δ8a,8b heterocycles. For two compounds, netamine I (58) and J (59), a joint theoretical (Density functional theory) and experimental study of UV and ECD spectra allowed the determination of their absolute configuration: 5aS, 7R, 8R for netamine I and 5aS, 7R, 8S for netamine J. The chemotaxonomic meaning of these alkaloids was discussed. Their biological activities were also evaluated. Netamine M (62) exhibited a cytotoxic activity towards KB cells (IC50 = 1,0 μg/mL) while netamine O (64), Q (66) and K (60) were active against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 value of 4,66; 2,53 and 0,62 μg/mL respectively. Finally, this work was also dedicated to the biomimetic synthesis of the tricyclic guanidine skeleton. Three new synthesis routes were explored
Tougas, Marie-Louise. „La prise en compte normative internationale des activités des sociétés militaires privées dans les zones de conflits: entre incertitudes et responsabilités“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27924/27924.pdf.
Tougas, Marie-Louise. „La prise en compte normative internationale des activités des sociétés militaires privées dans les zones de conflit : entre incertitudes et responsabilités“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22450.
Mullick, Nirjhar [Verfasser]. „Seismic imaging of the geodynamic activity at the western Eger rift in central Europe and Fresnel zone imaging / Nirjhar Mullick“. Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102197092/34.
Jodoin-Nicole, Laurence, und Laurence Jodoin-Nicole. „Activités et mobilité de loisirs des premiers-nés du baby-boom dans la ville étalée“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26632.
À cause de son poids démographique, mais aussi des valeurs qui distinguent ses membres, le vieillissement de la génération du baby-boom est susceptible d’avoir un impact majeur sur l’offre et la demande en transport, surtout en ce qui concerne la participation aux activités de loisirs d’individus fortement mobiles et établis sur des territoires conçus en fonction de l’automobile. C’est dans ce contexte que ce mémoire vise à mieux comprendre la participation à certaines activités de loisirs hors domicile (sociales, sportives, culturelles et de magasinage) de la première génération de baby-boomers, celle née entre 1947 à 1956, ainsi que la mobilité quotidienne qui y est associée, afin d’anticiper leurs besoins à un âge avancé pour un vieillissement actif. À l’aide des données de l’enquête Demain Québec, des modèles de régression ont été construits afin d’identifier les facteurs d’influence les plus associés à la diversité d’activités poursuivies par les baby-boomers, à la fréquence de pratique de celles-ci, au mode de transport utilisé et à la distance parcourue pour rejoindre les lieux de destination. Les résultats suggèrent que plusieurs caractéristiques et valeurs personnelles sont significativement associées au niveau d’activités pratiquées, laissant anticiper une demande accrue pour une offre de loisirs diversifiée. La majorité des activités sont pratiquées loin du domicile, voire dispersées sur un territoire qui déborde largement du quartier de résidence, et fréquenté en automobile. Vu le poids démographique et les aspirations dominantes des baby-boomers à vieillir chez eux ou dans leur quartier, les stratégies d’aménagement du territoire devraient prioriser la requalification des lieux et des équipements de loisirs en place dans les secteurs vieillissants, notamment les banlieues d’après-guerre, une localisation stratégique de nouveaux équipements et lieux de loisirs et leur accessibilité via des modes de transport alternatifs.
Laroutis, Dimitri. „Les activités industrielles liées à l'estuaire de la Seine et leurs impacts environnementaux : analyse coûts-bénéfices pour une gestion prospective intégrée“. Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUED005.
This dissertation analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of industrialization in the Seine estuary (France) with the aim to understand and asses the terms of the trade-off between the productive and the non-productive uses of a specific environmental asset : the wetlands in the Seine estuary. The study emphasizes the role of natural resources in explaining the specificities of the industrial stucture in estuary. The natural resource-based specificities present an important economic impact in terms of employment and relations with all the local economic actitvities. But negative environmental externalities also associated with these activities. These externalities slow down the requalifiction of this territory whose capacity to create employment is limited. A monetary valuation of wetlands, based on a contingent valuation study conducted in the estuary, reveals the paradoxical situation of the wetlands in the estuary. The estimated value that inhabitants place on their preservation (520 € / ha / year) is higher than preservation and management costs (400 € /ha / year) but much lower than the economic benefits derived from their conversion for industrial use (180 000 € / ha / year)
Roy, Romain. „Distribution spatiale et activité des poissons en milieu lacustre - Impacts des facteurs environnementaux à partir d'une approche multi-échelle. Application à la retenue des Bariousses“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4326/document.
Aquatic ecosystem functioning in human-impacted environments is highly dependent of its uses; in consequence, the environment of biological communities is generally fluctuating. Studying the link between environment and organism in fluctuating environments is generally more complex compared to steady environments. The main objective of this work was to better understand how fish populations respond to environmental modifications in a reservoir affected with water level fluctuations (WLF), the Bariousses’s reservoir located on the Vézère River.A multiscale approach was used with different biological (community and individual) and temporal (annual and daily cycles) scales. A special attention was given to the littoral zone as it plays a key role for lake fish communities and since it is strongly affected by WLF. This work is divided in 4 parts. The first part presents the characteristics of the study site and the second part describes the impact of WLF on the studied habitats using a mapping of the littoral zone. The consequences of hydrological stress through the changes in habitat conditions were also analyzed as well as the effects of water temperature and photoperiod. The third part shows the effect of the temporal variability of environmental conditions induced by WLF on the composition of the littoral fish community (sampled by electrofishing). The fourth part presents an innovative positioning system acoustic telemetry (Vemco Positioning System) that was used to study the impact of WLF at the individual scale by analyzing the behavior of 90 individuals from three different fish species (pikeperch, pike and perch) with a satisfactory accuracy (average error of 3.3 m after filtration).The results of this work showed that WLF induced a temporal variability of the littoral zone surface and volume. In addition, a gradual decrease of the structural complexity of littoral habitats was associated with lower water level inducing a trend to homogenization (dominance of thinner substrates without vegetation). Despite these changes in habitats conditions induced by WLF, littoral fish community did not show any clear change in composition. High inter-individual variability of behavioral responses was observed in response to environmental fluctuations, but the temperature and photoperiod were the two major structural parameters controlling fish activity and spatial distribution. Water level affected a part of the fish population since more individuals attended the littoral zone and were less mobile when available habitats were more complex (with a high water level). These results allowed us to suggest some ideas for the management of water levels in the studied reservoir focused on the fish population
Paulmier, Aurélien. „Zones de minimum d'oxygène (OMZs) de l'océan moderne : une étude focalisée dans l'OMZ du Pacifique Sud Est“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066342.
Sahraoui, Zoubida. „Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de dispersion en zone stationnaire à partir de silices greffées de chaînes alkyles“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19001.
Woulds, Clare. „Investigating the links between faunal activity and organic geochemistry in continental margin sediments : tracer studies across the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14707.
Gaigné, Carl. „Economie géographique et dispersion des activités productives : contributions à l'analyse de la localisation industrielle en zone rurale“. Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOE010.
Kingsland, Karen. „Protecting the civilian in zones of conflict, the case of the war in the former Yugoslavia and humanitarian relief personnel as human rights activists“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/MQ33846.pdf.
Rodier, Loïc. „Matériaux de construction en zone tropicale humide : Potentialités de sous-produits ou de matériaux naturels locaux en substitution ou addition à la matrice cimentaire“. Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0804/document.
The incorporation of crop wastes or natural materials in the cement matrix confers interesting properties to composites prepared. The aim of this thesis is to develop a material that can reach the mechanical, thermal and durability requirements for building materials in the humid tropical zone. Firstly, pozzolanic activity of a natural pozzolan, bamboo stem and sugar cane bagasse ashes has been determined. Influence of their incorporation on mechanical properties and durability of mortars exposed to chloride and sulphate ions was studied. Secondly, influence of addition of bagasse fibers on thermal and mechanical properties of composites was studied as a function of various parameters (fibers content, curing, type of cement matrix).These results has shown that the materials studied have pozzolanic activity and it is possible to incorporate them into the cement to fight against corrosion. Moreover, composites elaborated with bagasse fibers are more insulating than those elaborated without fibers. However, from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, incorporation of bagasse fibers decreases flexural strength of composites in the present work and under the conditions producing procedures that were adopted
Mandalapu, Sailaja [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Klopfenstein, Ivo [Akademischer Betreuer] FeußNer und Frauke [Akademischer Betreuer] Melchior. „Regulation of Kinesin-3 activity by active zone protein SYD-2 / Sailaja Mandalapu. Gutachter: Ivo Feußner ; Frauke Melchior ; Dieter Klopfenstein. Betreuer: Dieter Klopfenstein“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042642044/34.
Colville, Tracey. „Cultural-historical activity theory and additional support needs decision-making processes in a Scottish local authority : partnership working as a learning zone intervention“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18817.
Duchesne, Cyrille. „Impacts des activités humaines sur le milieu naturel d'une zone centrale du bassin minier Nord-Pas-de-Calais“. Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50377-1999-7.pdf.