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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Additional radiation“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 26. Oktober 2023

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1

Kolesnichenko, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. „Simple waves and small perturbations in radiative gas dynamics“. Keldysh Institute Preprints, Nr. 48 (2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2023-48.

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The paper analyses one-dimensional simple waves and small-amplitude disturbances in radiating and scattering grey gas. The governing equation of radiation acoustics describing the dynamics of simple waves is derived. Radiation-thermal dissipation conditions and radiation resistance force are introduced into this equation to describe the propagation and attenuation of various radiation perturbation waves. To study non-equilibrium wave phenomena in a radiating medium, the phenomenological Whitham method is used. This method is an effective way to analyse fundamental modes when more than one velocity appears in the governing equation. The use of this method is demonstrated in the paper by considering the evolution of one-dimensional harmonic waves caused by a short-wave initial perturbation of the equilibrium state of the radiating and scattering medium. For all wave modes, analytical solutions have been obtained, which allow us to understand their physical significance. These solutions can be, in particular, an additional test for radiative hydrodynamic codes operating in the radiative acoustics regime. The general approach can be useful in the development of higher-order Godunov numerical schemes for radiation hydrodynamics problems.

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Schwarz, Benjamin, Matthias Sammer, Nicole Matejka, Sarah Rudigkeit und Judith Reindl. „High-LET targeted microbeam irradiation induces local chromatin reorganization in living cells showing active basal mechanisms at highly complex DNA damage sites“. Journal of Radiation Research and Imaging 2, Nr. 1 (09.05.2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46439/radiation.2.006.

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DNA repair eukaryotic cells have additional protective mechanisms that avoid uncontrolled interaction of different parts of the chromatin and damaged regions. Key factors here are the regulation of chromatin density and mobility. The 4D (temporal and spatial) organization of chromatin is controlling this security barrier by regulating the accessibility of genes, flexibility of DNA, and its ability to move inside the nucleus. How this regulation mechanisms are involved in DNA repair upon radiation damage is until now rarely known but an important part to understand the enhanced effectiveness of high linear energy transfer (LET) particles. The damage recognition via PARP1 and the subsequent chromatin decondensation via PARylation is a crucial step in the DNA damage response (DDR). Upon We used the SNAKE microbeam with a beam spot size of <1 µm to induce highly localized DNA damage in living cells using 55 MeV Carbon ions to investigate the chromatin rearrangements in the early stage of DDR. The nuclei were irradiated with a cross pattern consisting of 1000 ions per spot and 25 spots per cell either with one (11 000 Gy), two (22 000 Gy), or three crosses (33 000 Gy). The chromatin rearrangement was imaged live for several minutes after irradiation at the beam using SiR chromatin stain. Upon 91% of the cells show a localized decondensation starting from a few seconds up to minutes after irradiation. The chromatin is decondensed by 6%-8% in the beam path with a local condensation at the edges of up to 8%. Our results suggest that chromatin decondensation is a fast process in the first few seconds after damage induction. Furthermore, decondensation status does not change over minutes, which gives evidence that this process and therefore DDR is paused or even stopped. In combination with the existing knowledge about early reactions to damage induction our data support the model of PARP induced chromatin decondensation. Furthermore, it is evident that also ultra-high doses of radiation are, in first place not able to inactivate initial basal mechanisms as response to damage induction.

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Martín Sánchez, A., J. de la Torre Pérez, A. B. Ruano Sánchez und F. L. Naranjo Correa. „Additional contamination when radon is in excess“. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 81 (November 2013): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.004.

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4

Tan, Yuantao, Yaoke Duan, Qing Chi, Rong Wang, Yue Yin, Dongjie Cui, Shuang Li et al. „The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Response to Radiation“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 4 (08.02.2023): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043346.

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Radiation is widespread in nature, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun, cosmic radiation and radiation emitted by natural radionuclides. Over the years, the increasing industrialization of human beings has brought about more radiation, such as enhanced UV-B radiation due to ground ozone decay, and the emission and contamination of nuclear waste due to the increasing nuclear power plants and radioactive material industry. With additional radiation reaching plants, both negative effects including damage to cell membranes, reduction of photosynthetic rate and premature aging and benefits such as growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement have been observed. ROS (Reactive oxygen species) are reactive oxidants in plant cells, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydroxide anion radicals (·OH), which may stimulate the antioxidant system of plants and act as signaling molecules to regulate downstream reactions. A number of studies have observed the change of ROS in plant cells under radiation, and new technology such as RNA-seq has molecularly revealed the regulation of radiative biological effects by ROS. This review summarized recent progress on the role of ROS in plant response to radiations including UV, ion beam and plasma, and may help to reveal the mechanisms of plant responses to radiation.

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5

CHIDA, KOICHI, YOSHIAKI MORISHIMA, YOSHIAKI KATAHIRA, HIROO CHIBA und MASAYUKI ZUGUCHI. „Evaluation of Additional Lead Shielding in Protecting the Physician from Radiation during Cardiac Interventional Procedures“. Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 61, Nr. 12 (2005): 1632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00004022974.

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6

Al-Murshedi, Sadeq, und Ali Mohammed Ali. „Influence of additional filters on radiation dose during chest radiography.“ Journal of Kufa-Physics 14, Nr. 02 (03.01.2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140206.

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The goal of this study was to examine the impact of using additional aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) filters on radiation dose during the adult chest x-ray examination. Adult chest phantoms without and with different slabs of animal fat were used for simulating underweight, overweight, and obese patients, respectively. Phantoms were examined without and with various levels of extra Al and Cu filtering over a range of exposure parameters. A dose area product (DAP) meter was used to measure the radiation dose. Results demonstrated that radiation doses were significantly reduced (p=0.001) when applying extra filters compared with no filters for all of the different phantom sizes. The highest reduction in radiation dosage was 38, 41, and 42 percent for underweight, overweight, and obese phantom size, respectively, by 1mm Al+0.2mm Cu. In conclusion, the use of extra filters in chest x-ray imaging provides an optimal dose reduction choice regardless of the thickness of the chest region to be radiographed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/JKP/2022/140206

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7

Ferrant, A., M. Cogneau, N. Leners, F. Jamar, P. Martiat und JL Michaux. „52Fe for additional marrow ablation before bone marrow transplantation“. Blood 81, Nr. 12 (15.06.1993): 3435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.12.3435.3435.

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Abstract The effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for malignant blood diseases remains limited by the inability of the preparative regimen to eliminate the disease without causing toxicity to normal organs. We have used 52Fe to deliver radiotherapy selectively to the BM. Fourteen patients with hematologic malignancies received 52Fe before a conventional BMT conditioning regimen. The median 52Fe dose was 58 mCi (range, 32 to 85 mCi). As evaluated by quantitative scanning, the median percentage of 52Fe taken up by the BM was 82% (range, 36% to 90%). This resulted in a median radiation-absorbed dose to the BM of 632 rad (range, 151 to 1,144 rad). The median uptake of 52Fe by the liver was 18% (range, 10% to 64%) and the median radiation-absorbed dose to the liver was 239 rad (range, 82 to 526 rad). The median whole body radiation-absorbed dose was 46 rad (range, 22 to 68 rad). No untoward effects were noted after the injections of 52Fe. The patients recovered hematopoiesis without toxicity in excess of that expected with conventional conditioning alone. The median follow-up was 8 months and three patients have relapsed. 52Fe should provide a way to boost the radiation dose to marrow-based diseases before marrow transplantation without increasing toxicity.

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Ferrant, A., M. Cogneau, N. Leners, F. Jamar, P. Martiat und JL Michaux. „52Fe for additional marrow ablation before bone marrow transplantation“. Blood 81, Nr. 12 (15.06.1993): 3435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.12.3435.bloodjournal81123435.

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The effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for malignant blood diseases remains limited by the inability of the preparative regimen to eliminate the disease without causing toxicity to normal organs. We have used 52Fe to deliver radiotherapy selectively to the BM. Fourteen patients with hematologic malignancies received 52Fe before a conventional BMT conditioning regimen. The median 52Fe dose was 58 mCi (range, 32 to 85 mCi). As evaluated by quantitative scanning, the median percentage of 52Fe taken up by the BM was 82% (range, 36% to 90%). This resulted in a median radiation-absorbed dose to the BM of 632 rad (range, 151 to 1,144 rad). The median uptake of 52Fe by the liver was 18% (range, 10% to 64%) and the median radiation-absorbed dose to the liver was 239 rad (range, 82 to 526 rad). The median whole body radiation-absorbed dose was 46 rad (range, 22 to 68 rad). No untoward effects were noted after the injections of 52Fe. The patients recovered hematopoiesis without toxicity in excess of that expected with conventional conditioning alone. The median follow-up was 8 months and three patients have relapsed. 52Fe should provide a way to boost the radiation dose to marrow-based diseases before marrow transplantation without increasing toxicity.

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9

Kotyk, M., V. Andriychuk und A. Herts. „Lighting instalations for plants lightculture with additional impulsive radiation“. Scientific journal of the Ternopil national technical university 92, Nr. 4 (2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/visnyk_tntu2018.04.091.

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10

Wiseman, Gregory A., Bryan R. Leigh, William L. Dunn, Michael G. Stabin und Christine A. White. „Additional Radiation Absorbed Dose Estimates for Zevalin™ Radioimmunotherapy“. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 18, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/108497803765036436.

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11

Boström, J. P., M. Seifert, S. Greschus, N. Schäfer, M. Glas, G. Lammering und U. Herrlinger. „Bevacizumab treatment in malignant meningioma with additional radiation necrosis“. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 190, Nr. 4 (17.01.2014): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0505-0.

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12

Pitson, Graham, Philip Robinson, Derek Wilke, Rita A. Kandel, Larry White, Anthony M. Griffin, Robert S. Bell, Charles N. Catton, Jay S. Wunder und Brian O'Sullivan. „Radiation response: An additional unique signature of myxoid liposarcoma“. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 60, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2004): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.03.009.

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13

Kirova, YM, H. Rafi, M.-C. Voisin, C. Rieux, M. Kuentz, SLe Mouel, E. Levy und C. Cordonnier. „Radiation-induced bone sarcoma following total body irradiation: role of additional radiation on localized areas“. Bone Marrow Transplantation 25, Nr. 9 (26.04.2000): 1011–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1702381.

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14

Dobrovolsky, Yu, G. Prokhorov und A. Ascheulov. „Non-Selective Magnetoelectric Thermal Radiation Receiver Based on Cadmium Antimonide“. Metrology and instruments, Nr. 5 (24.10.2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.32-36.

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The ways of increasing the sensitivity of a non-selective thermal radiation receiver based on cadmium antimony using the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction are considered and investigated. It has been shown that the application of anisotropic NdFeB anisotropic magnet increases the volt-watt sensitivity of the thermal radiation receiver by 30 %. When a more powerful magnet is used, an additional increase in sensitivity is observed, but not in proportion to the magnitude of the additional magnetic induction. The dynamic range of the created thermal radiation receiver, which is from 10 to 200000 W/m-2, is investigated.

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Dietmüller, Simone, Patrick Jöckel, Holger Tost, Markus Kunze, Catrin Gellhorn, Sabine Brinkop, Christine Frömming et al. „A new radiation infrastructure for the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy, based on version 2.51)“. Geoscientific Model Development 9, Nr. 6 (20.06.2016): 2209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2209-2016.

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Abstract. The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) provides an interface to couple submodels to a base model via a highly flexible data management facility (Jöckel et al., 2010). In the present paper we present the four new radiation related submodels RAD, AEROPT, CLOUDOPT, and ORBIT. The submodel RAD (including the shortwave radiation scheme RAD_FUBRAD) simulates the radiative transfer, the submodel AEROPT calculates the aerosol optical properties, the submodel CLOUDOPT calculates the cloud optical properties, and the submodel ORBIT is responsible for Earth orbit calculations. These submodels are coupled via the standard MESSy infrastructure and are largely based on the original radiation scheme of the general circulation model ECHAM5, however, expanded with additional features. These features comprise, among others, user-friendly and flexibly controllable (by namelists) online radiative forcing calculations by multiple diagnostic calls of the radiation routines. With this, it is now possible to calculate radiative forcing (instantaneous as well as stratosphere adjusted) of various greenhouse gases simultaneously in only one simulation, as well as the radiative forcing of cloud perturbations. Examples of online radiative forcing calculations in the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model are presented.

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Liao, C.-J., W.-K. Jiang, H. Duan und Y. Wang. „Vibrational and acoustic radiation from a submerged periodic cylindrical shell with axial stiffening“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, Nr. 5 (04.02.2009): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1187.

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An analytical study on the vibration and acoustic radiation from an axially stiffened cylindrical shell in water is presented. Supposing that the axial stiffeners interact with the cylindrical shell only through radial forces, the reaction forces on the shell from stiffeners can be expressed by additional impedance. The coupled vibration equation of the finite cylindrical shell with axial stiffening is derived; in this equation additional impedance caused by the axial stiffeners is added. As a result, the vibration and sound radiation of the shell are dependent on the mechanical impedance of the shell, the radiation sound impedance, and the additional impedance of the axial stiffeners. Based on the numerical simulation, it is found that the existence of axial stiffeners decreases the sound radiation and surface average velocity, whereas it increases the radiation factor. The characteristics of the acoustic radiation can be understood from the simulation with good results, which show that the presented methodology can be used to study the mechanism of the acoustic radiation of the complicated cylindrical shell and to optimize its design.

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Wagner, Louis K. „CT Fluoroscopy: Another Advancement with Additional Challenges in Radiation Management“. Radiology 216, Nr. 1 (Juli 2000): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.216.1.r00jl489.

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Voloshina, I., und V. M. Lyuty. „The additional radiation of Cyg X-1 at primary minimum“. Astronomische Nachrichten 316, Nr. 2 (1995): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2103160203.

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19

Wan, Linfeng, Xi Zhang und Tanguy Bertrand. „Effects of Haze Radiation and Eddy Heat Transport on the Thermal Structure of Pluto’s Lower Atmosphere“. Astrophysical Journal 922, Nr. 2 (01.12.2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac25f2.

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Abstract The temperature profile of Pluto’s atmosphere has generally been assumed in a radiative–conductive equilibrium. Recent studies further highlighted the importance of radiative heating and cooling effects by haze particles. In this study, we update results from Zhang et al. by taking into account the icy haze composition proposed by Lavvas et al., and find that radiation of such an icy haze could still dominate the energy balance in the middle and upper atmosphere and explain the cold temperature observed by New Horizons. However, additional considerations are needed to explain the rapid decrease in temperature toward the icy surface at altitudes <25 km. We propose that vertical eddy heat transport might help maintain radiative–diffusive equilibrium in the lower atmosphere. In this scenario, our radiative–conductive–diffusive model (including both gas and haze) would match observations if the eddy diffusivity is on the order of 103 cm2 s−1. Alternatively, if eddy heat transport is not effective on Pluto, in order to match observations, haze albedo must increase rapidly with decreasing altitude and approach unity near the surface. This is a plausible result of additional ice condensation and/or cloud formation. In this scenario, haze radiation might still dominate over gas radiation and heat conduction to maintain radiative equilibrium. Better constraints on haze albedo at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths would be a key to distinguish these two scenarios. Future mid-infrared observations from the James Webb Space Telescope could also constrain the thermal emission and haze properties in Pluto’s lower atmosphere.

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Konefał, Adam, Marcin Bieniasiewicz, Jacek Wendykier, Sebastian Adamczyk und Aleksandra Wrońska. „Additional radiation sources in a treatment and control room of medical linear accelerators“. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 185 (August 2021): 109513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109513.

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IP, Ivanova. „Mechanism of Hydroquinone Oxidation by Hot Plasma Pulsed Radiation“. Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 6, Nr. 2 (12.10.2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000226.

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The degradation of hydroquinone in interactions with OH• , HO2 • radicals, nitrous and peroxynitrous acids has been studied. Active species were generated using a corona electric discharge and pulsed radiation from hot plasma of a spark electric discharge. When interacting with hydroxyl radicals, hydroquinone breaks down into low molecular weight products. When interacting with species formed under the action of hot plasma radiation, chain oxidation of hydroquinone to benzoquinone occurs. This process is environmentally friendly and does not require the use of additional catalysts. Products formed under the action of radiation decompose over time.

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Kankaka, Edward Nelson, Panagiotis Kerezoudis, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Yu Jui-Tsen, Jenna Meyer, Sandy Goncalves und Mohamad Bydon. „172 Additional Therapies to Surgery in Adult Patients with Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs): Predictors & Survival using the National Cancer Database“. Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (24.08.2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.172.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) constitute a group of rare neoplasms with an estimated 5-year survival between 16 and 52%. Currently, there is disagreement on survival benefit of additional therapies to surgery in patients with MPNSTs. The aim of the present study is to determine predictors of receiving additional therapies and to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities on overall survival. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for the years 2004 to 2014 for patients with MPNSTs, aged 18 and above, with no metastases at diagnosis. Patients were stratified by clinical stage (low-1/2, high-3/4). Multivariable regression analyses were performed after controlling for age, sex, comorbidity, tumor size, site, and grade. Predictors of additional therapies were evaluated in an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS >We identified a total of 2914 patients; 52.8% received surgery alone, 31.8% received additional radiation, 5.2% additional systemic therapy, and 10.2% received both. Predictive models showed greater odds of having additional therapies for patients with high tumor grade (O.R. 2.88, 95% C.I. 2.02-4.12), tumor size >5 cm (O.R. 2.55, 95% C.I. 1.85-3.52), and high stage disease (O.R. 1.73, 95% C.I. 1.19-2.52). In patients with low-stage disease, additional systemic therapy (H.R. 2.25, 95%CI 1.31-3.36) as well as additional radiation and systemic therapy were associated with higher mortality hazard (H.R. 2.02, 95% C.I. 1.29-3.16). In patients with high-stage disease, additional radiation with (HR 0.60, 95% C.I. 0.40-0.90) or without systemic therapy (H.R. 0.68, 95%CI 0.47-0.97, P = 0.034) was associated with lower overall mortality hazard. CONCLUSION Patients with high grade tumors, larger tumors, and high stage disease were likely to have both radiation & systemic therapies recommended. Only radiation was associated with a survival benefit in patients with high stage disease. In other patients, additional therapies were associated with no benefit or even poorer survival.

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Nie, Baojie, Jinmin Yang, Yuan Yuan und Fengchen Li. „Additional radiation dose due to atmospheric dispersion of tritium evaporated from a hypothetical reservoir“. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 167 (Januar 2021): 109475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109475.

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24

Martin, Christopher H., und Emilie J. Richards. „The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?“ Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, Nr. 1 (02.11.2019): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443.

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Rapid adaptive radiation poses two distinct questions apart from speciation and adaptation: What happens after one speciation event and how do some lineages continue speciating through a rapid burst? We review major features of rapid radiations and their mismatch with theoretical models and speciation mechanisms. The paradox is that the hallmark rapid burst pattern of adaptive radiation is contradicted by most speciation models, which predict continuously decelerating diversification and niche subdivision. Furthermore, it is unclear if and how speciation-promoting mechanisms such as magic traits, phenotype matching, and physical linkage of coadapted alleles promote rapid bursts of speciation. We review additional mechanisms beyond ecological opportunity to explain rapid radiations: ( a) ancient adaptive alleles and the transporter hypothesis, ( b) sexual signal complexity, ( c) fitness landscape connectivity, ( d) diversity begets diversity, and ( e) plasticity first. We propose new questions and predictions connecting microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns through the study of rapid radiations.

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Ferlay, Nicolas, und Harumi Isaka. „Multiresolution Analysis of Radiative Transfer through Inhomogeneous Media. Part I: Theoretical Development“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, Nr. 4 (01.04.2006): 1200–1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3678.1.

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Abstract This paper derives a multiresolution formulation of the radiative transfer equation for inhomogeneous media. The multiresolution equation is separated into two sets of equations that help in its physical interpretation. The first set represents radiative transfer at some approximation scale, the second at smaller scales. These equations describe explicitly how the local-scale couplings, which occur between the fluctuations of optical properties and radiation fields at different scales, contribute to the radiation field at a prescribed scale and at a given location by introducing additional internal sourcelike functions. These functions are expressed by terms involving connection coefficients of the chosen multiresolution system and also scaling and wavelet coefficients of the inhomogeneous optical properties. This new formulation can provide new insights into the local-scale coupling governing radiative transfer in inhomogeneous media.

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Shishanin, O. E. „Additional study of the spectral properties of synchrotron light“. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, Nr. 9 (2020): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/63/9/30.

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Using the revealed small parameter, the asymptotics of the Bessel function are found for the first time up to the third order of accuracy. Based on them, the spectral expressions of synchrotron radiation, which are convenient for physical applications, are calculated in more detail.

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Klimov, Nikolai Sergeyevich, Konstantin Mikhailovich Gutorov, Dmitry Vladimirovich Kovalenko, Andrey Nikolaevich Kozlov, Venyamin Sergeevich Konovalov, Vyacheslav Leonidovich Podkovyrov und Anna Dmitrievna Yaroshevskaya. „Radiation spectra in ionizing gas flows for the QSPA-T installation with a longitudinal field“. Keldysh Institute Preprints, Nr. 12 (2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-12.

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The results of calculations of the spectral and integral characteristics of radiation in flows of ionizing gases in the channel of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator in the presence of an additional longitudinal magnetic field are presented. The numerical model of the radiative magnetogasdynamics is based on the modified transport equations for the multicomponent medium consisting of atoms, ions, and electrons. The MHD equations for two-dimensional axisymmetric flows are presented in terms of the azimuthal components of magnetic field and vector potential of magnetic field, taking into account the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and radiation transport. The spectral and integral characteristics of radiation were determined within the framework of the 3D model using the method of long characteristics in the multigroup approximation.

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Watanabe, Hirofumi, Hiroshi Kamiyama, Masataka Kato, Akiko Komori, Yuriko Abe und Mamoru Ayusawa. „Appropriate use of a beta-blocker in paediatric coronary CT angiography“. Cardiology in the Young 28, Nr. 10 (06.08.2018): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111800118x.

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AbstractBackgroundThere is no standard dose or protocol for beta-blocker administration as preconditioning in children undergoing coronary CT angiography.MethodsA total of 63 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 10.0±3.1 years, who underwent coronary CT angiography to assess possible coronary complications were enrolled in a single-centre, retrospective study. All patients were given an oral beta-blocker 1 hour before coronary CT angiography. Additional oral beta-blocker or intravenous beta-blocker was given to those with a high heart rate. We compared image quality, radiation exposure, and adverse events among the patients without additional beta-blocker, with additional oral beta-blocker, and with additional intravenous beta-blocker.ResultsThere were no significant differences in image quality or radiation exposure among the groups. The heart rate just before scanning was significantly correlated with image quality (p<0.001, r=−0.533) but was not correlated with radiation exposure (p=0.45, r=0.096). There were no adverse events related to any allergic reaction, thereby showing the effectiveness of the beta-blocker.ConclusionInitial oral beta-blocker administration (0.8 mg/kg/dose) should be administered to all children undergoing coronary CT angiography. Additional intravenous beta-blocker should be given to those with poor heart rate control to improve image quality without increasing radiation exposure or allowing adverse events.

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Mauch, P., N. Tarbell, A. Skarin, D. Rosenthal und H. Weinstein. „Wide-field radiation therapy alone or with chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease in relapse from combination chemotherapy.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, Nr. 4 (April 1987): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.4.544.

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Nineteen patients with Hodgkin's disease who relapsed primarily in nodal sites after intensive combination chemotherapy were retreated with wide-field radiation therapy alone or with additional chemotherapy between January 1971 and December 1984. Six patients presented in second relapse and 13 patients in first relapse. Seven patients were treated with combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy and twelve patients were treated with radiation therapy alone. Radiation therapy field sizes and doses were similar to those recommended for early-stage Hodgkin's disease patients treated with radiation therapy alone. The 5-year actuarial freedom from relapse (FFR) and survival following retreatment were 48% and 69%, respectively. Twelve patients are currently disease-free 12 to 172 months following retreatment. Wide-field radiation therapy alone or with additional chemotherapy should be considered for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease who relapse in nodal sites after initial combination chemotherapy.

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Lyons, Bernard J. „Radiolytic unsaturation decay in polyethylene. Part I—general review and analysis with additional new work“. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 69, Nr. 6 (April 2004): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.10.004.

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Cvetković, Dragan, und Dejan Marković. „Beta-carotene suppression of benzophenone-sensitized lipid peroxidation in hexane through additional chain-breaking activities“. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 80, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.08.009.

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MUTO, Toshio. „Evaluation of additional absorbed radiation dose from radioactive impurities in radiopharmaceuticals.“ RADIOISOTOPES 35, Nr. 6 (1986): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.35.6_321.

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Ogorodnikov, B. I., A. K. Budyka, V. E. Khan, E. M. Pazukhin, V. P. Koval’chuk und V. A. Krasnov. „220Rn as an additional factor of radiation hazard in the Shelter“. Radiochemistry 51, Nr. 4 (August 2009): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1066362209040110.

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Nunes, O. A. C., A. L. A. Fonseca, F. M. S. Lima und D. A. Agrello. „Optical transitions involving impurities in semiconductors under additional infrared laser radiation“. Solid State Communications 122, Nr. 7-8 (Juni 2002): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(02)00145-x.

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Burtsev, Vladimir, Nikolay Kalinin und Sergey Vaganov. „Low-Inductive Extended Z-Discharge As a Manyrange Source of Radiations“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 11, Nr. 2 (18.11.2015): 3023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v11i2.538.

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The present paper summarizes the results of studying of Â nanosecond low-inductive extended zâ€‘discharge as source of electromagnetic Â radiations and analyzes the works of other research groups that can throw upon additional light and hereunder promote to best understanding of physics of the phenomena and processes observed in authors' researches. The analysis is of main interest towards development of compact electrodischarge sources of coherent and low-coherent radiation including X-ray range.

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Nurhasmi, Dahlang Tahir, Bualkar Abdullah, Asnaeni Ansar, Sultan Ilyas, Inayatul Mutmainna und Wawan Indrawan Madda. „Geopolimer Concrete for Radiation Shielding Application“. Materials Science Forum 966 (August 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.41.

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Abstract. Ashield of gamma radiation with a basic material of fly ash (FA) type C have been made by additional graphite (G) and Fe2O3 (F) using Retsch MM 400 for 30 minutes at the frequency 10 Hz. GF is added to the FA matrix with mass variations of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Samples were activated with alkali solution at 70°C. Density obtained by calculation of each sample FA_GF0, FA_GF1, FA_GF2, and FA_GF3 are 2.09 g/cm-3, 2.111 g/cm-3, 2.113 g/cm- 3, and 2.115 g/cm-3, respectively. For sample FA_GF3 the density is high but the attenuation coefficient is small. This is influenced by the presence of graphite content in the sample. Graphite also plays a role in forming pores caused the radiation more transmitting through the samples. It can be concluded that the very good composition of the additional of GF is 2% with half value layer (HVL) is 3.980 cm and mean free path (MFP) is 5.743 cm.

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Alao, Felix Ilesanmi, Kolawole Sunday Adegbie und Matthew Oluwafemi Lawal. „Effect of Thermal Radiation on Ignition Time and Critical Temperature of a Single Sodium Droplet“. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/692370.

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The present study addresses the problem of ignition of a single sodium droplet, which is an important issue for the nuclear facilities safety. The study follows the approach of previous works and extends the results of those papers to the case of radiative heat loss. The contribution of the thermal radiation is taken into account based on the P-1 approximation for thermal radiation transfer. An extension of solutions of the existing model is obtained in the presence of radiative heat loss for ignition time and critical temperature by exploiting the sensitivity of the process to large chemical activation energy. Different qualitative effects of varying the dimensionless convective heat loss parameter with ignition time and critical temperature are presented in the graphs. The results show that the inclusion of additional heat sink mechanism, that is, radiative heat loss, causes significant delays in the ignition time and reduces the critical temperature with respect to results of previous studies.

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Schabl, Lukas, Julia Küppers, Tobias Jhala, Hermann Winicker, Peter Esslinger und Markus Lehner. „Global Irradiation in Children Treated for Hydrocephalus and Its Change over Time—A Single Institutional Analysis“. Children 9, Nr. 7 (16.07.2022): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9071062.

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Radiation exposure early in life is associated with greater incidences of malignancy. Our goal was to quantify radiation exposure in shunt-treated hydrocephalus patients and study changes in the diagnostic modalities used. A single-center, retrospective analysis was performed, and 41 children treated for hydrocephalus using an adjustable ventriculoperitoneal shunt were identified. Diagnostics associated with hydrocephalus and other comorbidities were analyzed and radiation exposure was calculated. During 330.09 total shunt years, patients were exposed to a mean hydrocephalus-associated radiation dose of 3.93 mSv (range: 0–24.38 mSv), which amounted to a mean rate of 0.49 mSv per shunt year, respectively. Radiation exposure was greatest after shunt insertion in the first year of life. A continuous change from CT scans to MRIs could be seen over the study period, such that patients who underwent shunt insertion after 2017 were not exposed to additional hydrocephalus-associated radiation during their first year of life. Nevertheless, our patients, and a few individuals especially, seemed to be at higher risk for radiation sequelae. Our results suggest that CT scans should be substituted with MRIs, which decrease overall radiation exposure and can lead to zero additional radiation exposure during the first year of life after shunt insertion.

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Barker, Fred G., Susan M. Chang, David A. Larson, Penny K. Sneed, William M. Wara, Charles B. Wilson und Michael D. Prados. „Age and Radiation Response in Glioblastoma Multiforme“. Neurosurgery 49, Nr. 6 (01.12.2001): 1288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200112000-00002.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Advanced age is a strong predictor of shorter survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GM), especially for those who receive multimodality treatment. Radiographically assessed tumor response to external beam radiation therapy is an important prognostic factor in GM. We hypothesized that older GM patients might have more radioresistant tumors. METHODS We studied radiographically assessed response to external beam radiation treatment (five-level scale) in relation to age and other prognostic factors in a cohort of 301 GM patients treated on two prospective clinical protocols. A total of 223 patients (74%) were assessable for radiographically assessed radiation response. A proportional odds ordinal regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Younger age (P = 0.006), higher Karnofsky Performance Scale score before radiotherapy (P = 0.027), and more extensive surgical resection (P = 0.028) predicted better radiation response in univariate analyses. Results were similar when clinical criteria were used to classify an additional 61 patients without radiographically assessed radiation response (stable versus progressive disease). In multivariate analyses, age and extent of resection were significant independent predictors of radiation response (P < 0.05); Karnofsky Performance Scale score was of borderline significance (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Older GM patients are less likely to have good responses to postoperative external beam radiation therapy. Karnofsky Performance Scale score before radiation treatment and extent of surgical resection are additional predictors of radiographically assessed radiation response in GM.

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Marquardt Collow, Allison B., und Mark A. Miller. „The Seasonal Cycle of the Radiation Budget and Cloud Radiative Effect in the Amazon Rain Forest of Brazil“. Journal of Climate 29, Nr. 21 (06.10.2016): 7703–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0089.1.

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Abstract Changes in the climate system of the Amazon rain forest of Brazil can impact factors that influence the radiation budget such as clouds, atmospheric moisture, and the surface albedo. This study examines the relationships between clouds and radiation in this region using surface observations from the first year of the deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Mobile Facility 1 (AMF1) in Manacapuru, Brazil, and satellite measurements from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES). The seasonal cycles of the radiation budget and cloud radiative effects (CREs) are evaluated at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), at the surface, and within the atmospheric column using these observations and are placed into a regional context using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Water vapor and clouds are abundant throughout the year, even though slight decreases are observed in the dry season. The column water vapor load is large enough that the longwave radiative flux divergence is nearly constant throughout the year. Clouds produce a significant shortwave CRE at the surface and TOA, exceeding 200 W m−2 during the wet season. Discrepancies, especially in column shortwave radiative absorption, between the observations and MERRA-2 are demonstrated that warrant additional analysis of the microphysical and macrophysical cloud properties in MERRA-2. More trustworthy fields in the MERRA-2 product suggest that the expansive nearby river system impacts the regional radiation budget and thereby renders AMF1 observations potentially biased relative to regions farther removed from rivers within the Amazon rain forest.

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Rüdisser, Daniel, Tobias Weiss und Lukas Unger. „Spatially Resolved Analysis of Urban Thermal Environments Based on a Three-Dimensional Sampling Algorithm and UAV-Based Radiometric Measurements“. Sensors 21, Nr. 14 (16.07.2021): 4847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144847.

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A new method and workflow to assess outdoor thermal comfort and thermal stress in urban areas is developed. The new methodology is applied to a case of an urban quarter in the city of Graz. The method recognises the significance of detailed and accurate spatially resolved determination of mean radiant temperatures taking into account all relevant radiative components, comprising thermal radiation, as well as global radiation. The method relies on radiometric imaging data that are mapped onto a three-dimensional model. The image data are acquired by means of drones (UAVs) equipped with multispectral and thermographic cameras to capture short- and long-wave radiation. Pre-existing city models and a Monte Carlo raytracing algorithm to perform anisotropic sampling based on a 3D model with human topology are used to determine local radiation temperatures with high spatial resolution. Along with spot measurements carried out on the ground simultaneously, the spatially resolved and three-dimensionally determined mean radiation temperatures are used to calculate thermal comfort indicator maps using UTCI and PMV calculation. Additional ground measurements are further used to validate the detection, as well as the entire evaluation process.

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Li, J., C. L. Curry, Z. Sun und F. Zhang. „Overlap of Solar and Infrared Spectra and the Shortwave Radiative Effect of Methane“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, Nr. 7 (01.07.2010): 2372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3282.1.

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Abstract This paper focuses on two shortcomings of radiative transfer codes commonly used in climate models. The first aspect concerns the partitioning of solar versus infrared spectral energy. In most climate models, the solar spectrum comprises wavelengths less than 4 μm with all incoming solar energy deposited in that range. In reality, however, the solar spectrum extends into the infrared, with about 12 W m−2 in the 4–1000-μm range. In this paper a simple method is proposed wherein the longwave radiative transfer equation with solar energy input is solved. In comparison with the traditional method, the new solution results in more solar energy absorbed in the atmosphere and less at the surface. As mentioned in a recent intercomparison of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) and line-by-line (LBL) radiation models, most climate model radiation schemes neglect shortwave absorption by methane. However, the shortwave radiative forcing at the surface due to CH4 since the preindustrial period is estimated to exceed that due to CO2. The authors show that the CH4 shortwave effect can be included in a correlated k-distribution model, with the additional flux being accurately simulated in comparison with LBL models. Ten-year GCM simulations are presented, showing the detailed climatic effect of these changes in radiation treatment. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of solar flux in the infrared range produces a significant amount of extra warming in the atmosphere, specifically (i) in the tropical stratosphere where the warming can exceed 1 K day−1, and (ii) near the tropical tropopause layer. Additional GCM simulations show that inclusion of CH4 in the shortwave calculations also produces a warming of the atmosphere and a consequent reduction of the upward flux at the top of the atmosphere.

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Zivanovic, Emilija. „Investigation of the effect of additional electrons originating from the ultraviolet radiation on the nitrogen memory effect“. Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 28, Nr. 3 (2015): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1503423z.

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The influence of ultraviolet radiation on memory effect in nitrogen has been investigated. The spectrum of the radiation which passes through the walls of the experimental sample was obtained by the spectrometer. A detailed comparison of experimental results of electrical breakdown time delay as a function of afterglow period with and without ultraviolet irradiation was performed. These studies were done for such product of gas pressure and inter-electrode distance when both breakdown initiation mechanisms exist. The research has shown that ultraviolet radiation leads to the decrease in ion concentration in early nitrogen afterglow due to recombination of nitrogen ions with electrons released from the tube walls and electrodes. Meanwhile, it has been cofirmed that this radiation has a negligible influence on the breakdown initiation in late nitrogen afterglow when a significant nitogen atom concentration is persistent. When the concentration of nitrogen atoms decreases enough, the breakdown initiation is caused by cosmic rays but UV photons have an important influence because of the rise of the electron yield.

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Specenier, Pol, und Jan B. Vermorken. „CONCERT-1, an additional piece in the puzzle of (bio)-(chemo)-radiation“. Annals of Translational Medicine 4, Nr. 21 (November 2016): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2016.11.25.

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Prasetya, Rizka Indra, und Gede Bayu Suparta. „Location Analysis for Additional Permanent Radiation Detector in X-Ray Radiography Unit“. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 12, Nr. 3 (01.05.2022): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.12.3.15804.

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Tomescu, Alexandru Mihail Florian, Gar W. Rothwell und Mary Louise Trivett. „Kaplanopteridaceae fam. nov., Additional Diversity in the Initial Radiation of Filicalean Ferns“. International Journal of Plant Sciences 167, Nr. 3 (Mai 2006): 615–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500998.

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Malnev, V. N., E. V. Martysh, A. N. Kotsarenko, V. V. Grimalsky, R. Perez-Enriquez und S. V. Koshevaya. „On the problem of additional sources of microwave radiation in space plasma“. Planetary and Space Science 51, Nr. 9-10 (August 2003): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-0633(03)00073-4.

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Topczewska-Bruns, J., T. Filipowski, D. Hempel, B. Pancewicz-Janczuk, R. Chrenowicz, D. Kazberuk, A. Szmigiel-Trzcinska und E. Rozkowska. „EP-1499: Additional dose of Image Guided Radiation Therapy in Pediatric Patients“. Radiotherapy and Oncology 123 (Mai 2017): S804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31934-5.

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Thomas, Brian C., und Byron D. Goracke. „Ground-Level Ozone Following Astrophysical Ionizing Radiation Events: An Additional Biological Hazard?“ Astrobiology 16, Nr. 1 (Januar 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1311.

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Horng, Ming-Chi, und Shiang-Huei Jiang. „A rainout model for the study of the additional exposure rate due to rainfall“. Radiation Measurements 37, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2003): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(03)00067-2.

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