Thematische Bibliographien / African Congo (Democratic Republic)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „African Congo (Democratic Republic)“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 14. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "African Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Lachenaud, O., und D. J. Harris. „THREE NEW SPECIES OF CHASSALIA AND PSYCHOTRIA (RUBIACEAE) FROM CENTRAL AFRICA“. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 67, Nr. 2 (28.05.2010): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428610000077.

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Three new species of Rubiaceae from Central Africa are described and illustrated. Chassalia lutescens O.Lachenaud & D.J.Harris (widespread from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of Congo) is recognised inter alia by the T-shaped ventral furrow of the seeds and the orange-yellow discoloration of inflorescences in herbarium specimens. Psychotria nodiflora O.Lachenaud & D.J.Harris (Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville and Democratic Republic of Congo), belonging to Psychotria subgen. Psychotria sect. Involucratae, is unique among African species of the genus in having paired axillary inflorescences. Psychotria pteropus O.Lachenaud & D.J.Harris (Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of Congo) belongs to Psychotria subgen. Tetramerae; it is closely related to P. leptophylla Hiern but differs in its narrow corolla tube and globose to ellipsoid fruits.
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Quintanar, Alejandro, Patricia Barberá, Diosdado Nguema, Vicent Medjibe, Zoë A. Goodwin, Jean Michel Onana, Sydney T. Ndolo Ebika, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Jean Marie Moutsamboté und David J. Harris. „Lurking in the Shadows: A New Species of Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) from Central Africa Hiding in Forest Plots and Herbaria“. Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 29 (05.03.2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2020637.

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Here we publish a new species of forest tree of the genus Drypetes Vahl (Putranjivaceae), D. umbricola D. J. Harris & Quintanar, which has a wide distribution in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Republic of the Congo). It is known from 70 herbarium collections and additional sterile plot vouchers. A differential diagnosis, detailed morphological description, photographs, an illustration, and information about its habitat, distribution, and conservation status are provided.
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Simo, Gustave, Philemon Diabakana, Victor Betu Ku Mesu, Emile Manzambi, Gaelle Ollivier, Tazoacha Asonganyi, Gerard Cuny und Pascal Grebaut. „Human African Trypanosomiasis Transmission, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo“. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, Nr. 12 (2006): 1968–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1212.060516.

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Ferreira, Rialize. „SOUTH AFRICA’S PARTICIPATION IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO PEACE MISS IONS: A COMPARISON“. Politeia 33, Nr. 2 (20.10.2016): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/1776.

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After the peacekeeping tragedy in the Central African Republic (CAR) in March 2013, South Africa’s participation in peacekeeping missions on the African continent is under investigation. Military personnel of the South African National Defence Force recently took part in both conventional and unconventional, asymmetric warfare in two peace missions, one in the CAR and one in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In the CAR a unilateral military agreement between states existed, while in the DRC a United Nations (UN) mandate for multilateral offensive peacekeeping was authorised. The rationale for South Africa’s participation in African missions is important while the country is serving as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Its role as one of the leading nations in Africa to deploy peacekeepers is central to its foreign policy. The article focuses on contrasting operations, and diverse challenges such as the authorisation of mandates, funding, logistics and shortcomings in asymmetric training for irregular “new wars” where peacekeepers are required to protect civilians in countries to which they owe little allegiance. Lessons learnt from the widely differing operational experiences in these recent peace missions are discussed.
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Kundrata, Robin. „New minute Drilini species significantly extend the distributions of Lolosia and Microselasia (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Agrypninae) in tropical Africa“. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58, Nr. 2 (01.10.2018): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0042.

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Abstract Lolosia Kundrata & Bocak, 2017 and Microselasia Kundrata & Bocak, 2017 (Elateridae: Agrypninae: Drilini) were described based on species endemic to the Cameroonian rainforest zone. Here, I describe Lolosia gajduskovae sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo), Lolosia smetkovae sp. nov. (Central African Republic), and Microselasia sormovae sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Additionally, I redescribe Selasia burgeoni Pic, 1930 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and transfer it to Microselasia as M. burgeoni (Pic, 1930) comb. nov. The main diagnostic characters including male genitalia are figured, and an identification key to the males of Lolosia species is provided. The generic diagnoses of Lolosia and Microselasia are updated based on the here studied species. The newly described species increase our knowledge on the distribution of Lolosia and Microselasia in the Afrotropical Region.
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HIPPA, HEIKKI, GEIR SØLI und OLAVI KURINA. „New data on the genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Africa, with an updated key to the species“. Zootaxa 4652, Nr. 3 (09.08.2019): 401–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4652.3.1.

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A total of 346 male specimens of Manota collected from 13 countries in Africa are studied. They belong to 40 different species including 12 new to science. The new species are: M. burundiensis (Burundi), M. cornuta (Ghana), M. fuscinula (Ghana), M. geniculata (Gabon), M. kirkspriggsi (Madagascar), M. kjaerandseni (Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire), M. leptochaeta (Madagascar), M. limai (São Tomé and Principe), M. oronnai (Nigeria), M. platychaeta (Madagascar), M. polylobata (Nigeria) and M. triseta (Ghana, Guinea). New records of the following 28 species are presented: M. aculifera Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. afra Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo), M. clinochaeta Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. clurina Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Côte d’Ivoire), M. comata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda), M. cultigera Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. dissidens Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire), M. foliolata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Cameroon), M. ghanaensis Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. grootaerti Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Democratic Republic of Congo), M. katusabei Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Guinea, Uganda), M. lachaisei Matile, 1972 (Democratic Republic of Congo), M. mabokeensis Matile, 1972 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda), M. macrodon Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. mazumbaiensis Søli, 1993 (Ghana, Guinea, Uganda), M. natalensis Jaschhof & Mostovski, 2006 (Republic of South Africa), M. peltata Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Ghana), M. peltigera Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Ghana, Uganda), M. petiolata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. phyllochaeta Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. pilosa Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria), M. pinnata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Democratic Republic of Congo), M. pinnulata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. reclinata Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Ghana, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire), M. relicina Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Uganda), M. senticosa Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Gabon, Guinea, Central African Republic), M. uncinata Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar) and M. whiteleyi Jaschhof & Mostovski, 2006 (Ghana, Cameroon). An updated key to the Afrotropical Manota species is provided and their distribution briefly discussed. Altogether 68 species of Manota are now known from the Afrotropical region, while the genus holds 314 described species worldwide.
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Sidorova, Galina Mikhailovna. „Relations between USSR and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the Beginning of 1960s: Twists of History“. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, Nr. 1 (15.12.2020): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-197-209.

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Since the establishment of diplomatic relations with Congo on July 7, 1960, the ties between USSR and Africa have faced a big challenge. During the difficult years for Congo, after liberation from colonial dependence, the Soviet Union has always advocated the country’s territorial integrity and the internal problems diplomatic solution. However, the bloodshed in Congo could not be avoided. Despite the Soviet support of the legitimate Congo government headed by P. Lumumba, the Western countries, which did not want to lose their positions in resource-rich Congo have found a way to achieve a victory. A military coup led by Joseph-Desire Mobutu took place in the country and national leader Patrice Lumumba was killed in consequence of a murder plot. Moreover, Western countries have managed to use the UN headed by Dag Hammarskjöld for their own purposes, and it only aggravated the situation in the country. The purpose of the study is to reveal the key points of Soviet-African relations in the most difficult period for Congo - the beginning of 1960s. Basing on the documents of the Russian Foreign Ministry, the fundamental works of Russian and foreign Africanist historians, as well as the author’s own work experience in a number of African countries, the author focuses on the analyses of the Soviet Union efforts during the decolonization years, which aim was to stabilize the situation and establish the legitimate rule in the country. The author applies a systematic approach to study political institutions of power, the author also rely on the historical method to study the change of political formations, and an event analysis approach to summarize the information collected about the specific political situation. The author comes to the conclusion that today Africans cooperate only with those who supports their national interests, maintains the security or sovereignty, and comes to the rescue in case of humanitarian disasters and climatic cataclysms. In contrast to 1960s, Africa from a backward continent turned into a full-fledged player on the world arena, occupying important positions in the system of international relations. The voice of African leaders is heard from the UN General Assembly. In this regard, it is important to formulate new approaches and concepts of interaction with African states giving them if not priority, then at least not the last place in the foreign policy of Russia.
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KMENT, PETR, und ZDENĚK JINDRA. „A revision of Tripanda and Tenerva (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae)“. Zootaxa 1978, Nr. 1 (14.01.2009): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1978.1.1.

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The Afrotropical genus Tripanda Berg, 1899 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Cappaeini), is diagnosed and revised based on the study of primary types. The endemic Madagascar genus Tenerva Cachan, 1952, syn. et stat nov., is recognized as a junior synonym of Tripanda, but retained as a valid subgenus due to the distinct differences in the structure of the female genitalia. Veterna decorata Jensen-Haarup, 1937, is redescribed and transferred to Tripanda (subgenus Tenerva). We currently recognize seven species within the genus: Tripanda (Tenerva) collaris (Cachan, 1952) comb. nov. (Madagascar); T. (Tenerva) decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) comb. nov. (Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Yemen); T. (Tripanda) dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo); T. (Tripanda) horacekorum sp. nov. (Central African Republic, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Senegal); T. (Tripanda) jurickorum sp. nov. (Guinea); T. (Tripanda) longiceps (Villiers, 1967) (Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Republic of the Congo); and T. (Tripanda) signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Angola, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia). Lectotypes for Tenerva collaris, Veterna decorata, Tripanda dispar, and T. signitenens are designated. All species of the genus are keyed, important diagnostic characters are illustrated, and known information about their bionomics and ecology is summarized.
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Modu, B., und B. Herbert. „Spatial analysis from remotely sensed observations of Congo basin of East African high Land to drain water using gravity for sustainable management of low laying Chad basin of Central Africa“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (07.11.2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-279-2014.

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The Chad basin which covers an area of about 2.4 million kilometer square is one of the largest drainage basins in Africa in the centre of Lake Chad .This basin was formed as a result of rifting and drifting episode, as such it has no outlet to the oceans or seas. It contains large area of desert from the north to the west. The basin covers in part seven countries such as Chad, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroun, Niger, Sudan and Algeria. It is named Chad basin because 43.9% falls in Chad republic. Since its formation, the basin continues to experienced water shortage due to the activities of Dams combination, increase in irrigations and general reduction in rainfall. Chad basin needs an external water source for it to be function at sustainable level, hence needs for exploitation of higher east African river basin called Congo basin; which covers an area of 3.7 million square km lies in an astride the equator in west-central Africa-world second largest river basin after Amazon. The Congo River almost pans around republic of Congo, the democratic republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, western Zambia, northern Angola, part of Cameroun, and Tanzania. The remotely sensed imagery analysis and observation revealed that Congo basin is on the elevation of 275 to 460 meters and the Chad basin is on elevation of 240 meters. This implies that water can be drained from Congo basin via headrace down to the Chad basin for the water sustainability.
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Oslisly, Richard, Ilham Bentaleb, Charly Favier, Michel Fontugne, Jean François Gillet und Julie Morin-Rivat. „West Central African Peoples: Survey of Radiocarbon Dates over the Past 5000 Years“. Radiocarbon 55, Nr. 3 (2013): 1377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004830x.

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Tracing human history in west central Africa suffers from a scarcity of historical data and archaeological remains. In order to provide new insight into this problem, we reviewed 733 radiocarbon dates of archaeological sites from the end of the Late Stone Age, Neolithic Stage, and Early and Late Iron Age in Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Congo, and the western Democratic Republic of Congo. This review provides a spatiotemporal framework of human settlement in the forest biome. Beyond the well-known initial spread of Iron Age populations through central African forests from 2500 cal BP, it depicts the geographical patterns and links with the cultural evolution of the successive phases of human expansion from 5000 to 3000 cal BP and then from 3000 to 1600 cal BP, of the hinterland depopulation from 1350 to 860 cal BP, and of recolonization up to 500 cal BP.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "African Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Tshikuka, Mulumba Jose-Gaby. „Relationships between environmental risk factors, parasitic infections and health outcomes in an urban African setting“. Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40014.

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The relationships between parasitic infections, environmental and living conditions, and health outcomes were studied in subdivisions of lower (LSES) and higher (HSES) socio-economic status Lubumbashi, Zaire. The two LSES subdivisions had higher prevalences of Plasmodium infection and higher rates of stunting, abdominal pain and low packed cell volume (PCV) than the HSES subdivision. The prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was not associated with socio-economic status. Maternal education was a significant predictor of A. lumbricoides intensity in both LSES and HSES subdivisions. Factors related to poor sanitation were risk factors for A. lumbricoides in LSES subdivisions, whereas a high ratio of relatives to immediate family members per household predicted high intensity infection in the HSES subdivision. The risk of stunting was higher in children with A. lumbricoides, that of wasting was higher in children with A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura whereas the risk of kwashiorkor was high with T. trichiura but very reduced in those with A. lumbricoides. The four most common clinical conditions were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and low PCV. Hookworm infection, T. trichiura infection, young age and residence in LSES subdivisions were determinants of diarrhea. T. trichiura infection, young age and living in a LSES subdivision were risk factors for abdominal pain. Plasmodium infection and young age were associated with fever. LSES was predictive of low PCV. No combination of parasites had antagonistic or synergistic effects on clinical indicators examined. Based on this study, it is suggested that one parasite will increase the risk of infection with another. Although maternal education should be improved in all subdivisions, attention to sanitation, crowding and diet in the LSES subdivisions, and to the role of relatives and visitors in parasite transmission in the HSES subdivision should be priorities.
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Patel, Champa Khimji. „Transnational identifications : African Americans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1960-1974“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431183.

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Kabunda, Ghislain Mwape. „Exploration for sediment-hosted copper mineralization in Kaponda Prospect, Central African Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of Congo“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013129.

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The Kaponda Prospect represents a surface of 915.8 km² located at about 10 km south of the town of Lubumbashi and 33km NW of Kasumbalesa in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It lies within Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of the Katangan Supergroup in the Central African Copperbelt (CACB). In this province, copper mineralization occurs at different stratigraphic level with different associated alteration. Mineralization is of multistage origin from synsedimentary, diagenetic to post orogenic. Since the discovery of the CACB in the early 20th century, several exploration techniques have been used to delineate Cu deposits. A review and application of these methods including remote sensing, geological mapping, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and drilling, gives an insight of their effectiveness and limitation before analyzing their results from the Kaponda Prospect. The geology and structure of the Prospect is represented by a series of two NW trending disharmonic tight anticlines, locally domal, with cores occupied by either Roan Group or “Grand Conglomerat” Formation. These anticlines are separated by an open syncline made of Kundelungu rocks. Two mains direction of faults are recognized, the NW and NE trending structures. The latter direction are normal transfer faults which can serve as conduit for mineralization. They are related to the late orogenic extension of the Lufilian belt. However NE trending faults are believed to be associated to the climax of Lufilian folding or represents synsedimentary intergrowth faults. Exploration approach for sediment-hosted Cu within Kaponda Prospect, take into account the integration of all information derived from different techniques. Remote sensing is used as aid to geology. Landsat and Google earth images show lineaments that corresponds to lithostratigraphy boundary and domal anticline. Geological mapping identified reduced horizons which can potentially host mineralization, whereas analysis of structure measurements reveals the geometry of fold and direction of its axial plane and hinge. Statistical methods such as the main + 2 standard deviation, the frequency histogram and probability plot, together with experiential method are used to constrain and define Cu and Co thresholds values in soil samples. It appears that in this region, log-probability plot and histogram methods combined with spatial representation and the experience of the region, are the best practice to constrain and separate geochemical background from anomaly data. Ground and airborne magnetic, and radiometric images show specific signatures which map alteration and particularly lithostratigraphy such as “Roan” Group, “Grand Conglomerat” unit, “Nguba” cap carbonates and “Kundelungu” siliciclastic units. Analysis of faults interpreted from geophysical maps identified three major directions: E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE. The E-W faults are also interpreted as normal transfer faults such NE-SW structures, consistent with regional geological map. Although pole-dipole array of induced polarization (IP) survey was directly targeting disseminated Cu sulphide, its results suffer in responding to graphitic rocks and barren pyrite. Only relative small chargeable bodies need to be tested in drilling follow-up. A total of 15 targets have been generated through re-interpretation and integration of both geological mapping and remote sensing, geochemical and geophysical data, as well as existing drilling. Specific recommendations of follow-up works are advised for each type of target.
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Tshileu, N'Kolomona Olivier-Issa. „State collapse in Africa : the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53061.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The African State is a product of colonialism. It did not emerge from the needs of African people; indeed, the very concept is foreign to traditional African notions of authority. When the colonial era came to a close, its institutions were turned over to local elites who were either too inexperienced or too out of touch with the people they supposedly represented to effectively govern and manage the newly independent states. The result was widespread and continual ethno-regional violence, coupled with the progressive disintegration of the state authority and civil society. When such conditions remain unchecked, they ultimately lead to what political analysts refer to as the collapse of the state. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), formerly Zaire, constitutes a recent example of this phenomenon. At present, approximately half of its territory is under foreign military occupation, with no fewer than six states involved, whether officially or unofficially: Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi intervening on the side of the rebels, and Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia supporting government forces (These states have since withdrawn their forces). To this number must be added a number of opposition groups from neighbouring states, including The Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), some elements from the all-Hutu militia wing of Burundi's Conseil national pour la démocratie (CND) and remnant Rwandan Hutu, the so-called Interhamwe, as well as Mai-Mai and FRF (les Forces républicaines fédéralistes, led by Muller Ruhim) factions who fight the presence of the Rwandan army in the DRC (neither of which could be described as pro-governmental). The DRC is a failed state. All structures of legitimate power and authority have disintegrated; political order and the rule of law have been suspended. As a result, the state is rendered impotent: it cannot seek the welfare of its citizens, provide health care and education, dispense justice or maintain existing infrastructure. Civil society lacks the ability to fill the vacuum, and tribal and ethnic conflicts have steadily intensified. The study analyses the reasons for state collapse in general and examines the immediate causes of the conflict in the DRC in particular, including the legacy of colonial rule, land shortages and ethnic rivalry. It attempts to show that the collapse of the state in the ORC resulted largely from the imposition of poorly adapted western-style political institutions on traditional African structures of authority. Against this background, the study shows that the poor performance of the Congolese government in terms of its ability to constitute a legitimate arena for political activity, to confer a national identity and to act as security guarantor for its population represent the broad causes of the failure of the ORC state. State collapse is a long-term degenerative process, marked by the loss of control over political and economic space. As neighbouring states encroached on the failing ORC, its legitimacy was gravely undermined through the direct involvement of these states in its political processes. Moreover, these neighbouring countries harbour dissident movements who seek to influence ORC politics from within the safety of their borders. The collapse of the ORC poses a grave threat to African, and indeed global, stability, compromising neighbouring states through the vast influx of refugees and stimulating the illegal arms trade. The extent of the crises compels the international community to intervene. The immediate priority should be the reconstruction of a legitimate state system within the limits of the present borders. This can only be made possible through the implementation of the Lusaka agreement, which offers the most hope for a solution through the restoration of legitimate government, the reassertion of Congolese sovereignty, the reconstruction of a disciplined and efficient military and the convocation of a body for inter-Congolese dialogue. The ORC has been characterised by gross mismanagement ever since its independence in 1960; it is of the utmost urgency that the crisis not be allowed to escalate further. The ORC state needs total reconstruction: a process that will be extremely complex and time consuming, aimed at reviving institutional mechanisms that will return legitimate power to the state and re-establish social trust. In order to achieve these goals, a forum of national reconciliation, where all the belligerents in the conflict must participate towards finding a solution, will have to be established. The first priority of such a body should be the creation of a strong democratic transitional government before any further reconstruction of the state can be attempted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die staat in Afrika is 'n produk van kolonialisme. Post-koloniale Afrikastate was nie die natuurlike uitvloeisels van die behoeftes van Afrikane nie; inderdaad, selfs die konsep van 'n nasiestaat was vreemd binne die konteks van tradisionele, inheemse gesagstrukture. Die plaaslike elites, in wie se hande die koloniale instellings, en daarmee saam die staatsgesag, oorgegee is met die beëindiging van koloniale beheer, het nie oor die vaardighede beskik om effektiewe regering en beheer oor die nuut onafhanklike state uit te oefen nie; hulle was meestal onervare of uit voeling met die bevolkings oor wie hulle regeer het. Die gevolg was wydverspreide en voortslepende etniese en regionale geweld en die geleidelike verbrokkeling van staatsgesag en die burgerlike gemeenskap. Wanneer sulke omstandighede toegelaat word om hul loop te neem, lei dit onvermydelik tot die uiteindelike totale verbrokkeling van die staat. Die Demokratiese Republiek van die Kongo (DRK) - die voormalige Zaïre - is 'n voorbeeld van hierdie verskynsel. Nagenoeg die helfte van die oppervlakte van dié land is tans onder offisiële of nie-offisiële buitelandse militêre besetting, met nie minder nie as ses state wat betrek is by die konflik: Rwanda, Oeganda en Burundi ondersteun die rebelle; Angola, Zimbabwe en Namibië (hierdie state het sedertdien hul magte ontrek) veg aan die kant van regeringsmagte. Afgesien van hierdie magte, is daar ook verskeie opposisiegroepe wat vanuit buurstate optree, insluitende UNITA vegters uit Angola, elemente van die uitsluitlik Hutu militêre vleuel van die Burundese Conseil national pour la démocratie (CND) en oorblyfsels van die Rwandese Hutus (die sogenaamde Interhamwe), asook Mai-Mai en FRF (les Farces républicaines fédéralistes, onder die aanvoering van Muller Ruhim) faksies. Laasgenoemde twee groepe veg teen die teenwoordigheid van die Rwandese weermag in die DRK; nie een van die twee kan as pro-regering beskryf word nie. Die DRK is 'n mislukte staat. Alle legitieme mag- en gesagstrukture het verbrokkel; politieke beheer en wetstoepassing is opgehef. Die gevolg is dat die staat onmagtig is om die welvaart van sy burgers te bevorder, gesondheidsdienste en opvoeding te verskaf, regspleging uit te voer of bestaande infrastruktuur in stand te hou. Die burgerlike gemeenskap beskik nie oor die vaardighede om in die gaping te tree nie, en stam- en etniese konflik neem steeds toe. Hierdie studie ondersoek die algemene redes vir staatsverval en die spesifieke oorsake van die krisis in die DRK, waaronder die koloniale invloed, grondkwessies en etniese konflik. Daar word gepoog om aan te toon dat die staatsverval binne die DRK grotendeels toe te skryf is aan die afdwing van ontoepaslike, Westerse politiese instellings op tradisionele, inheemse gesagstrukture. In die lig hiervan word daar verder aangevoer dat die swak vertoning van die Kongolese regering - die onvermoë om as legitieme politieke arena te dien, 'n nasionale identiteit aan staatsburgers te verleen en hulle veiligheid te verseker - die basiese oorsaak is van die mislukking van die staat in die DRK. Staatsverval is 'n geleidelike proses; 'n stelselmatige en langduringe aftakeling, gekenmerk deur die verlies aan beheer oor die politieke en ekonomiese sfere. Namate buurstate toenemend betrokke geraak het in die probleemgeteisterde DRK, is staatslegitimiteit verder ondermyn deur die direkte politieke inmenging van hierdie buurlande. Daarby huisves hierdie lande ook afvallige groepe wat poog om politieke invloed op die DRK van buite die landsgrense uit te oefen. Die verbrokkeling van die staat binne die DRK is 'n wesenlike bedreiging vir stabiliteit binne Afrika, maar ook op 'n internasionale skaal. Sy buurstate word bedreig deur grootskaalse vlugtelingbewegings en die voorslepende konflik stimuleer onwettige internasionale wapenhandel. Die omvang van die krisis noop die internasionale gemeenskap om in te gryp. Die onmiddellike prioriteit van sodanige ingryping behoort die rekonstruksie van 'n legitieme staatstelsel binne die bestaande landsgrense te wees; dit kan slegs bewerkstellig word deur die implementering van die Lusaka ooreenkoms. Hierdie ooreenkoms bied die meeste hoop vir 'n oplossing tot die krisis deur die daarstelling van 'n legitieme regering, die herbevestiging van Kongolese soewereiniteit, die rekonstruksie van 'n gedissiplineerde en effektiewe militêre mag en die skep van 'n nasionale versoeningsliggaam. Sedert sy onafhanklikwording in 1960, is die DRC gekenmerk deur ernstige wanadministrasie. Dit is van uiterste belang dat hierdie situasie nie toegelaat word om voort te duur en te vererger nie. Algehele rekonstruksie is nodig - 'n uiters komplekse en tydsame proses met die uiteindelike oogmerk om daardie institusionele meganismes wat 'n terugkeer tot legitieme mag en gesag en 'n herbevestiging van burgelike vertroue tot gevolg sal hê, te laat herleef. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik, sal 'n nasionale versoeningsliggaam geskep moet word. Alle partye in die konflik behoort betrek te word in 'n poging om 'n oplossing te vind. Hierdie liggaam sal 'n sterk, verteenwoordigende oorgangsregering daar moet stel voordat enige verdere vordering met die rekonstruksie van die staat sal kan plaasvind.
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Djongana, Faustin Chongombe. „Africa through British eyes : the changing representation of the D.R. Congo in the London Times, 1885-2006“. Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42657.

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This thesis seeks to respond to the on-going complaints from both African and western scholars that Africa is negatively represented in the western media. The findings showed that news stories, opinions and commentaries expressed throughout the coverage of the Congo, including editorials and letters and from pre-colonial to modern Congo, were written by western journalists and correspondents from the London Times and associated correspondents, while four other news agencies Agence France Press (AFP), Associated Press (AP), the Belgian news agency (Belga) and Reuters were the main sources for The Times newspaper. News makers in Pre-Colonial and Colonial periods were almost exclusively westerners and references to the Congolese people appeared in generic terms. In Post-Colonial and Modern periods, Congolese people did appear by name but only in a limited capacity. The thesis also identifies differences between the coverage in each period, for example highlighting the critical engagement with the Congo that characterised the reporting of 1908. The Congo was represented over the periods sampled with negative stereotypes such a 'primitive', 'backward', 'barbaric, 'dangerous destination,' 'place for business,' 'natives to be civilised, evangelised and educated.' Recurring themes such as forced labour, civil war, corruption, child exploitation, poverty, refugees, witchcraft, dependency and mismanagement prevail in the reporting. The research investigated the changing representations of the Democratic Republic of Congo in the western media by examining its coverage in the London Times from a historical context that included four key historic years in the Congo's development, namely 1885, 1908, 1960 and 2006, referred to as the Pre-Colonial, Colonial, Post-Colonial and Modern Congo periods. The London Times, which used to be one of the leading western newspapers and the British newspaper of record, was selected. Content and discourse analysis were used to evaluate and categorise the news items published in the sampled periods to distinguish the emerging themes, to identify the sources, and to interpret the language used in the coverage. The findings have shown that since its inception to the modern period, the reporting of the Congo in The Times has avowedly been through western eyes, and, as with much journalism, has not offered any real context to the stories. The poor benighted heathens thus continue in their war-torn arbours.
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Mosengo, Blaise Mfruntshu. „A Phenomenological Study of Academic Leaders at the Marianist University in the Democratic Republic of Congo“. University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1555362691197213.

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Kayamba, Musaputa Emery. „The causes of armed conflict and human rights abuses in Central Africa and the impact on the Democratic Republic of Congo /“. Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000492/02/1948FT.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.
Thesis advisor: Timothy Rickard. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in International Studies." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-124). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Ime, Oweka. „Resource Control and Political Development in Africa: The Cases of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Botswana“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1364748648.

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Ndaliko, Cherie. „Beyond Charitable Imperialism: Intersections of Third Cinema, Music, and Social Change in (Post-) Conflict Democratic Republic of the Congo“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10170.

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Beyond Charitable Imperialism investigates the role of film, digital media, and music in mediating social and political change in conflict regions with specific attention to the aesthetic choices, ethical implications, and lived consequences of audio-visual production in and about Congo. This study intervenes in the discourse on activist African cinema through a bi-directional investigation of (1) increasingly prominent instances of aesthetic and ideological practices in Congolese film that are emerging as central to larger projects of social transformation, and (2) the extent to which humanitarian narratives depicting present-day Congo obscure or expose the ongoing, neo-colonial power struggle between Congo and the West. My research includes critical analyses of temporality, memory, and language in audio-visual representations of Congo, as well as extensive field research investigating embodied instances of the 'film act.' In this context I advocate a historically informed reading of the correlation between current cinema practices and contemporary history based on the evolutionary relationship between audio-visual media, politics, and identity. Drawing on frameworks of militant Third Cinema this study interrogates the role of media in the creation and dissemination of 'Truth' and thereby draws pointed attention to global consequences that form the basis of what I call charitable imperialism. With methodological inspiration across disciplinary lines from scholars including Frantz Fanon, Teshome Gabriel, and Stuart Hall, I offer an anatomy of the particular ways in which film can emerge as a real means of social transformation in the face of conflict and mental colonization. Central to this inquiry is the history of resistance embedded in Congolese musical practices. I suggest that, fortified by intersections with visual technology, the elevated cultural capital of song as a vehicle of social mobilization is reconstituting both music and visual media and increasingly allowing Congolese voices to participate in global dialogues on their own terms. Ultimately I conclude that mediated agency effectively challenges charitable imperialism and repositions Congolese subjects as viable agents of sustainable social transformation.
African and African American Studies
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Perfect, Ellen. „Sustainable Mining for Long Term Poverty Alleviation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1709.

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This thesis explores the poverty alleviation and peace-spoiling power of the mineral extraction sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to arrive at a set of strategic goals for the country moving forward. Although subterranean minerals are often a source or perpetuator of violence, the potential to lift the country’s rural communities out of extreme poverty makes the mining industry an essential part of the nation’s development strategies. Lessons from Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Ghana, Zambia, Uganda and Sierra Leone to arrive at best practices for increasing the multiplier effect of large-scale mining, formalization, beneficiation, capital resource development, stakeholder harmonization and conflict control. The study also finds that in order to smoothly construct and implement new programs, the traditional roles and positioning of government, corporate and community stakeholders must change toward increased inclusion.
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Bücher zum Thema "African Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Songye of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Hallandale Beach, Fla: Aglob Pub., 2003.

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Heagy, Debra Lynn. Voice of Central Africa Democratic Republic of Congo. [Longwood, Fla.]: Xulon Press, 2011.

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The great African war: Congo and regional geopolitics, 1996-2006. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Radio Congo: Signals of hope from Africa's deadliest war. Oxford, England: Oneworld publications, 2012.

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Les peintres du fleuve Congo. [Saint-Maur?]: Editions Sépia, 1995.

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Cochrane, Edith M. Who, Me Lord? [S.l.] U.S.A.: Dorrance, 1995.

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Ekpebu, Lawrence Baraebibai. Zaire and the African revolution. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1989.

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Young, Jason R. Rituals of resistance: African Atlantic religion in Kongo and the lowcountry South in the era of slavery. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007.

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Young, Jason R. Rituals of resistance: African Atlantic religion in Kongo and the lowcountry South in the era of slavery. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.

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King Leopold's ghost: A story of greed, terror, and heroism in Colonial Africa. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

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Buchteile zum Thema "African Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Larmer, Miles, und Erik Kennes. „Katanga’s Secessionism in the Democratic Republic of Congo“. In Secessionism in African Politics, 361–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90206-7_13.

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Carayannis, Tatiana, und Herbert F. Weiss. „The Democratic Republic of Congo, 1996–2002“. In Dealing with Conflict in Africa, 253–303. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403982209_10.

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Carayannis, Tatiana. „The Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1996–2012“. In Responding to Conflict in Africa, 177–202. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137367587_9.

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Chama, Brian. „Anti-corruption Tabloids in Democratic Republic of Congo“. In Anti-Corruption Tabloid Journalism in Africa, 167–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16822-3_10.

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Shapiro, David, Basile O. Tambashe und Anatole Romaniuk. „The Third Biggest African Country: The Democratic Republic of the Congo“. In Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend, 71–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46889-1_5.

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Bilonda, Mireille K. „Burning of Biomass in the Democratic Republic of Congo“. In Biomass Burning in Sub-Saharan Africa, 57–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0808-2_5.

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Stearns, Jason K. „The Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Elusive Peace“. In War and Peace in Africa’s Great Lakes Region, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58124-8_3.

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de Merode, Emmanuel. „Protected Areas & Decentralisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo“. In Rural Resources & Local Livelihoods in Africa, 36–58. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06615-2_3.

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Sweet, Rachel. „Peacebuilding as State Building? Lessons from the Democratic Republic of the Congo“. In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 295–320. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_17.

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Abstract This chapter on the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a comparative study of two major intervention attempts of the UN Peacekeeping mission in Congo (MONUSCO) in different theaters of conflict in North Kivu: one that was seen as a success (against the M23 rebellion, 2012–2013), and the other a failure (against the ADF rebellion, 2014–present). The chapter examines how differences in armed groups’ social embedment within local communities shaped resistance against the intervention and produced these varied outcomes of success/failure. The comparison allows for the examination of an emerging trend in peacekeeping—its militarization—as well as a consideration of how differences in civilian relations shape the possibility for peacebuilding. As the largest mission in UN history, these experiences offer empirical lessons for thinking about the future trajectory of peacebuilding.
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Kabemba, Claude. „The Democratic Republic of Congo: The Land of Humanitarian Interventions“. In The History and Practice of Humanitarian Intervention and Aid in Africa, 140–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137270023_7.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "African Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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MacIntyre, Timothy J., Lisa D. Lesar, Grainne Byrne, Murray W. Hitzman und Cayce A. Gulbransen. „SALT DOME CAP ROCK IN THE CENTRAL AFRICAN COPPERBELT, ZAMBIA AND THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC)“. In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-288041.

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Mupenzi, Jean de la paix, Jiwen Ge, Habiyaremye Gabriel, Lanhai Li, Theoneste Nzayisenga und Emmanuel Kamanzi. „Notice of Retraction: An assessment of the spatial distribution of Pentecost churches in an African urban environment: A case study of Lubumbashi City in the Democratic Republic of the Congo“. In 2010 Second IITA International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IITA-GRS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iita-grs.2010.5602703.

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Abeinomugisha, Dozith, Irene Batebe und Benjamin Ariho. „What Will it Take to Commercialize Petroleum Resources in the East Africa Region; The Case of Developing Oil Refinery in Uganda“. In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2580334-ms.

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ABSTRACT Energy is one of the key drivers of economic growth and development world over. Overcoming energy poverty is one of world's great challenges. All the countries in the East African Region (EAR) are not producing sufficient energy to meet their current needs. The energy mix in the EAR currently includes hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, solar, biomass and fossil fuels. The region's petroleum products consumption, the entire volume of which is currently imported, is estimated at 180,000 bbl/day and is growing at between 4 – 6% p.a. It is projected that the region will consume about 400,000bbl/day by 2030. The discovery of commercially viable oil and gas deposits in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo however, marks a great opportunity to turn around the rather bleak state of the energy sector in the region. These resources however remain largely untapped due to lack of the necessary infrastructure such as road networks, upstream facilities, refinery, pipelines, and gas processing facilities, that are necessary to access, store, process and transport these resources. A number of countries in the EAR are planning for the development of such key infrastructure to enable the commercialization of the discovered these resources. The EAR needs to harmonise the planning and development of petroleum infrastructure in order to leverage the power of collaborative action to attract investment and ensure optimal development of this infrastructure. A case in point is Uganda which plans to commercialise its discovered oil and gas resources, estimated at 6.5 billion barrels as of 2016, through the development of an oil refinery, a crude oil export pipeline and power generation. These projects are being developed with joint participation of the East African Community (EAC) Partner States. Uganda estimates to spend over USD 10 billion on oil and gas infrastructure in the next five years. The region needs to provide a conducive investment environment in order to attract financing for these projects. This can be achieved through providing incentives such as attractive taxation regimes, streamlined decision making and security, among others, given the high CAPEX investments. Given that background, this paper will; Assess the current status of the oil and gas infrastructure in the region vis a vis the growing energy needsDiscuss the optimal infrastructure requirements for the successful development of the oil and gas industry in order to meet the region's growing energy needs.Highlight the investment requirements, incentives, challenges and financing options for the planned refinery in Uganda.
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Priest, Chad, und Doyle Groves. „Tweeting about Ebola: Analysis of Tweets from Africa, Europe and the United States During Two Months of the 2019 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo“. In 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict-dm47966.2019.9032979.

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Lebughe, P., K. de Vlam, R. Westhovens, J.-M. Mbuyi-Muamba und J.-J. Malemba. „AB0732 Spondyloarthritis in the democratic republic of congo“. In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.4642.

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Banza, Elvire Nzeba. „Democratic Republic of Congo: Status of women in physics“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2015 (ICCMSE 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937659.

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Matiyabu, Imaja Itulelo, und Patrick Ndayizigamiye. „Enhancing Agricultural Practices Through Mobile Technology Interventions: A Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo“. In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033051.

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Kidiamboko, S., A. Mancini, S. Longhi und L. Spalazzi. „A scalable telemedicine architecture for under developed countries. A case study: Democratic Republic of Congo“. In Automation (MED 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2008.4602255.

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Turner, Elizabeth C., Quinn Dabros und David W. Broughton. „ORE-HOSTING KAMOA-KAKULA DIAMICTITE MATRIX (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO) EXHIBITS TWO-STAGE CU MINERALISATION“. In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359100.

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McKnight, Lee, Danielle Smith, Alvaro Salas-Castro und Luca Belli. „Sustainable Development by Internet Backpack in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia and Costa Rica“. In 2019 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46095.2019.9033122.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "African Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Ragasa, Catherine, und John M. Ulimwengu. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293755_08.

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Warren, Tracy A. Background Report on Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034662.

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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.

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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
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Kanani, John, und Louise Medland. Sanitation Marketing in a Fragile Context: Lessons from Gemena, Democratic Republic of Congo. Oxfam, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2018.3613.

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L., Putzel, und Kabuyaya N. Chinese aid, trade and investment and the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003723.

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Anguko, Andrew. Livelihoods in Democratic Republic of Congo: Impact evaluation of the Purchase for Progress (P4P) Project. Oxfam GB, Februar 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1763.

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Crane, William E. A System Dynamics Framework for Assessing Nation-Building in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, März 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510830.

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8

F., Kengoum, Kabamba F.M. und Mbelu A. REDD+ policies in the media: The case of the written press in Democratic Republic of Congo. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005069.

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L., Putzel, Assembe Mvondo S., Ndong L.B.B., Banioguila R.P., Cerutti P.O., Tieguhong J.C., Djeukam R., Kabuyaya N., Lescuyer G. und Mala W.A. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: Synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003501.

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L., Putzel, Assembe Mvondo S., Ndong L.B.B., Banioguila R.P., Cerutti P.O., Tieguhong J.C., Djeukam R., Kabuyaya N., Lescuyer G. und Mala W.A. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: Synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon [Chinese]. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004721.

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