Thematische Bibliographien / Agricultural biotechnology

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Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Agricultural biotechnology“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Juni 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Agricultural biotechnology"

Adeyinka, Olawale Samuel, Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor, and Abimbola Pius Okiki. "Untapped potentials of Agricultural Biotechnology in Nigeria." Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery 6, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jbbd2021.152.

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The field of biotechnology has witnessed a significant achievement over the past decades. Although biotechnology always sparked a great deal of ethical criticism, the advancement has continued to offer an opportunity to address several social and economic challenges. The potentials of biotechnology remain underexploited in several fields in Nigeria. This review highlighted some untapped biotechnologies that represent an ample scope of biotechnology application used for the genetic improvement of plant and animal populations, conservation of genetic resources, and diagnosis of plant and animal diseases. Factors such as insufficient of funds to procure facilities, inadequate power supply, lack of sufficient trained manpower, lack of political will to support biotechnology has been limiting biotechnology's potentials in Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that attention should be given to biotechnology research and development to complement existing expertise in the national biotechnology sector towards maximizing its potentials.

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Lederman, Lynne. "Agricultural Biotechnology." BioTechniques 37, no. 3 (September 2004): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/04373tn01.

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Persidis, Aris. "Agricultural biotechnology." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 6 (June 1999): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/9940.

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Arntzen, Charles J. "Agricultural biotechnology." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81, no. 9 (2001): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.909.

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Zajc, Jožica, and Karmen Erjavec. "“Othering” agricultural biotechnology: Slovenian media representation of agricultural biotechnology." Public Understanding of Science 23, no. 6 (November 21, 2012): 678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662512467412.

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Ryals, John. "Agricultural Biotechnology '96." Molecular Breeding 2, no. 2 (1996): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00441423.

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Heszky, László. "Agricultural Biotechnology MSc. course and agriculture in the 21st century." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 27 (November 15, 2007): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/27/3127.

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The establishment of an Agricultural Biotechnology MSc. course creates a new direction in Hungarian higher education. As an introduction, the article summarizes the main theoretical and practical possibilities and results of biotechnology which have necessitated launching the course. Subsequently, the preliminaries, aims and requirements of the Masters course are introduced. The main data of the agricultural MSc course at Szent István University in Gödöllő (Hungary) are the following: 4 semesters, 120 credits, 1200 contact hours, 4 weeks training in a biotech laboratory, 6 fundamental subjects, 8 basic subjects in biotechnology. Plant and animal biotechnology, are the two options for specialization and both have 10 separate professional subjects. The teaching staff consists of 34 teachers (93% of them have PhDs or higher scientific degrees) from 10 Departments of 3 Faculties of Szent István University.

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Martin, Marshall A. "The Agricultural Biotechnology Debate." BioScience 57, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/b570317.

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K.C., Mamata, and Anuj Lamichhane. "Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v9i1.38643.

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Agricultural biotechnology is becoming the major sector in crop improvement through the use of scientific techniques for the modification of genes conferring resistance to biotic, abiotic stress and improving the quality of crops. With the evolvement from Mendelian genetics to molecular biotechnology, there have been several developments in the field of crop improvement. Recent biotechnological advances have aimed towards removing the physiological constraints of the crops and increasing crop yield potential. With the use of different tools of agricultural biotechnologies like genetic engineering, tissue culture, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, molecular marker-assisted selection, genome doubling, and omics technologies, various transgenic crops have been developed over the decades and have been approved for commercialization. This development and adoption of transgenic technology have been shown to increase crop yields, reduce CO2 emission, reduce pesticide and insecticide use and decrease the costs of crop production. Even though the biotechnological approach and transgenic organisms have immense potential to contribute to the world’s food security, several concerns of genetically modified crops being a threat to the environment and human health have developed. This review will address applications and concerns of biotechnology in crop improvement considering health hazards and ecological risks.

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Kowalski, Stanley P. "Agricultural Biotechnology in China." Journal of World Intellectual Property 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2003.tb00233.x.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Agricultural biotechnology"

Sivakumar, Gayathri. "Agricultural biotechnology and Indian newspapers." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1133.

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This study is designed to look into how agricultural biotechnology is covered by Indian newspapers. A through study of the literature showed that agricultural biotechnology is a much debated topic and there is a vast difference between the concerns expressed by its opponents in developed countries and those expressed by the opponents in developing countries. The research question was whether the sources used in an article determined the way in which this issue is framed. After conducting a content analysis of all articles written in Times of India between the time periods January 2001 - December 2003, it was found that the sources used did determine the way this issue was framed.

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Cao, Yiying. "Innovation diffusion of agricultural biotechnology in China." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2009. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/4958/.

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Nadolnyak, Denis Alexandrovic Jr. "Three essays on the economics of agricultural biotechnology." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1058818716.

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Barrett, Katherine J. "Canadian agricultural biotechnology, risk assessment and the precautionary principle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/NQ48601.pdf.

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Flagg, Ian Marshall. "The Valuation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The Real Options Approach." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29761.

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This study develops a real options model of agbiotechnology and is applied to three genetically modified (GM) traits. Each trait is evaluated as growth options where technical or marketing milestones must be completed before management can exercise the option to invest further in trait development. The real options values are evaluated by employing a binomial tree which is simulated using distributions for random elements within stages of the growth option. Mean option values were negative for the discovery stage for fusarium-resistant wheat and for all but the regulatory submission stage for Roundup Ready wheat. The length of the regulatory submission stage had the greatest negative impact on the value of the option while the ability of the firm to maximize technology-use-fees had the greatest positive impact. Additionally, traits adapted to crops with larger potential market size are more likely to be in the money than traits developed for smaller market segments.

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Huzair, Farah. "Innovative capabilities of the agricultural biotechnology sector in Hungary." Thesis, Open University, 2008. http://oro.open.ac.uk/31892/.

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This study investigates how context-specific institutional factors affect innovative capabilities of the agricultural crop biotechnology sector in Hungary. Answering this question has involved three areas of research, into: the network of actors and its accommodation of technological characteristics; the sustained use of institutional arrangements which characterised the pre-transition science and innovation system; and, the difficulty of adapting to the regulatory environment in the post accession phase. The significance of this work results from the lack of current knowledge on the extent and survival of capabilities in this sector in Hungary. The study timing is also significant: This is a phase that demonstrates how the sector is surviving the economic crisis that accompanied transition and enduring the current political uncertainty surrounding national GM crop policy. The study uses qualitative methods, comprising a series of in-depth investigations. Data collection via interview and observation began in 2006. Data collection and analysis were guided by a theoretical framework emanating from national innovation systems and triple-helix perspectives. This thesis explores the challenges that are faced by an innovation system during economic transition. The thesis also contributes to the knowledge of science systems and how core science capabilities have contributed to the endurance of a sectoral innovation system. In conclusion the work finds that innovative capabilities in the Hungarian agri-biotech sector currently reside in the core competencies and activities of the science community in this sector and the networks they have created over time within and outside the country. Their future survival depends on the ability of the sector to adapt to the changing context. The institutions between actors and organisations are key to survival of capabilities and their ability to adapt. Institutions hold both the adaptive mechanisms for change and the legacies of the past which can help or hinder that change.

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Vigorito, Anthony J. "Agricultural biotechnology, corporate hegemony, and the industrial colonization of science /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486459267522341.

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Duru, Godwin Chukwunenye. "Biotechnology research in Nigeria : a socioeconomic analysis of the organization of agricultural research system's response to biotechnology /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487596307359591.

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Loh, Melvyn Wei Ming. "Riding the biotechnology wave : a mixed-methods analysis of Malaysia's emerging biotechnology industry : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce and Administration in Management /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/963.

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Harsh, Matthew. "Living technology and development : agricultural biotechnology and civil society in Kenya." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2745.

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This thesis examines relationships between science and technology and development, as de ned and manifested by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Kenya whose work involves agricultural biotechnologies. Non-governmental engagements with agricultural biotechnology in Kenya span technology production, promotion and resistance. The argument of this thesis is that through these engagements, and the ways that relationships between technology and development are manifested in these engagements, technological and political orders are merging in civil society. When technologies enter the spaces of civil society, spaces carved out by development practices, the agency of NGOs is contingent and contested. But at some scales, in some places, NGOs are performing functions usually reserved for states, markets and communities. Through push and pull between NGOs, biotechnologies are becoming ordered in Kenya: technologies are approved for research, capacity for research and biosafety is built, scienti c knowledge is generated and transferred, plant material is distributed to farmers. At the same time, social and political orders are formed in civil society that are intertwined with this technological ordering: organisations set up competing structures of representation for farmers; they build social networks for technology delivery and technology resistance; they set and protest the terms of collective decision-making by acting as de facto regulators. Patterns of legitimacy and authority are set and the ability to steer biotechnologies is at issue. Attempts to more democratically guide technologies, when seen as a case of public action more generally, have implications for the ability of Kenyans, as farmers and citizens, to shape the decisions that a ect their lives. By examining biotechnology through civil society, the thesis makes three contributions to knowledge. It proposes that the current development practices supporting NGOs engagements with technologies are creating an increased prominence, or rise, of technological NGOs in development. It provides empirical evidence of this rise in the form of an ethnographic exploration of NGOs in Kenya. Finally, it provides a way to examine the agency of NGOs by building on the new ethnography of NGOs and the co-production of knowledge and social order.

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Bücher zum Thema "Agricultural biotechnology"

Bhalgat, Mahesh K., William P. Ridley, Allan S. Felsot, and James N. Seiber, eds. Agricultural Biotechnology. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0866.

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Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Deepak Gopalrao Panpatte, and Yogeshvari Kishorsinh Jhala. Agricultural Biotechnology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468.

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A, Altman, ed. Agricultural biotechnology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997.

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A, Altman, and Colwell Rita R. 1934-, eds. Agricultural biotechnology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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Rawat, Hemant. Agricultural biotechnology. Jaipur, India: Oxford Book Co., 2008.

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Akhtar, Mohd Sayeed, and Khalid Rehman Hakeem. Agricultural Biotechnology. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003638087.

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M, Gendel Steven, ed. Agricultural bioethics: Implications of agricultural biotechnology. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990.

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A, Mizrahi, ed. Biotechnology in agriculture. New York: Alan R. Liss, 1988.

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Agency, Canadian Food Inspection. Regulating agricultural biotechnology =: Réglementation de la biotechnologie agricole. [Ottawa]: Canadian Food Inspection Agency = Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments, 2007.

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LeBaron, Homer M., Ralph O. Mumma, Richard C. Honeycutt, John H. Duesing, J. F. Phillips, and Michael J. Haas, eds. Biotechnology in Agricultural Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0334.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Agricultural biotechnology"

Falkner, Robert. "Agricultural Biotechnology." In Business Power and Conflict in International Environmental Politics, 140–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277892_5.

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Fossey, Annabel. "Agricultural Biotechnology." In Ethics in Agriculture — An African Perspective, 103–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2989-6_8.

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Phillips, Michael J. "Agricultural Biotechnology Issues." In US Programs Affecting Food and Agricultural Marketing, 443–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4930-0_17.

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Godhani, Krishi, Adit Patel, Devdutt Thakkar, and Manan Shah. "Application of Remote Sensing in Smart Agriculture Using Artificial Intelligence." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 357–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-19.

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Mansour, Sherine F., and Nabil Ibrahim Elsheery. "AI-Based Agricultural Knowledge System." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 111–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-6.

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Naik, Binny, Ashir Mehta, and Manan Shah. "Augmentation of Precision Agriculture by Application of Artificial Intelligence." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 127–56. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-7.

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Aduloju, Ayodeji Anthony, Victoria Akinyemi Omolara, and Temitayo Adedeji Adedoyin. "The Epistemic Communities, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and Food Security in the Third World." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 33–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-3.

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Olaniyan, Olugbemi T., and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji. "Recent Advances in the Application of Metagenomic in Promoting Food Security, Human Health, and Environmental Sustainability." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 409–14. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-23.

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Savani, Ajit Kumar, E. Rajeswari, Bandana Saikia, Ashok Bhattacharyya, and K. Dinesh. "Plant Resident Microorganisms." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 347–55. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-18.

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Hefft, Daniel Ingo. "The Introduction of Biotechnology into Food Engineering." In Agricultural Biotechnology, 339–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003268468-17.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Agricultural biotechnology"

"Agricultural biotechnology in Thailand." In Asian Food and Agribusiness Conference 2013:Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2013. https://doi.org/10.56669/surd5222.

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"Agricultural biotechnology in Sri Lanka." In Asian Food and Agribusiness Conference 2013:Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2013. https://doi.org/10.56669/tljh8648.

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"Multinational investments in agricultural biotechnology." In Asian Food and Agribusiness Conference 2013:Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2013. https://doi.org/10.56669/airv4655.

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"Agricultural biotechnology frameworks in the Philippines." In Asian Food and Agribusiness Conference 2013:Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2013. https://doi.org/10.56669/xcjc2717.

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"Risks in the agricultural biotechnology business." In Asian Food and Agribusiness Conference 2013:Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2013. https://doi.org/10.56669/gqkq7385.

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Milošević, Aleksandra, Goran Stanišić, Milena Milojević, Suzana Knežević, and Maja Došenović Marinković. "REGULATORY PERSPECTIVES ON NITRATE USAGE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE: A FOCUS ON EU LEGISLATION." In 2nd International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt29.30am.

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This manuscript explores the critical issue of sustainable agriculture and responsible land use, emphasizing the significant role of good agricultural practice (GAP). Despite land being a fundamental resource, a considerable number of farmers, including those in livestock farming, often exhibit irresponsible behavior towards its preservation. Recognizing this as a fundamental concern, the European Union has implemented stringent regulations to address the issue. The initial section of the paper outlines the identification of the problem and provides a concise overview of the European Union’s initiatives in this realm. The subsequent section delves into the contentious use of nitrates, a prevalent element in fertilizers aimed at boosting agricultural production. The authors present fundamental aspects of the code of good agricultural practice and its overarching implications, with a focus on the potential application of the code and the integration of the nitrate directive into the legislation of the Republic of Serbia. The manuscript concludes by highlighting the current environmental state in agriculture, asserting that it falls short of satisfactory levels. The authors emphasize the necessity for additional measures to align with the accepted standards of the European Union, underscoring the ongoing imperative for enhanced environmental stewardship in agricultural practices.

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Pashovska, Silvana, and Katerina Kareska. "ANALYSIS OF THE MEANING AND IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOBACCO PRODUCTION IN MACEDONIA." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.083p.

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With the payment of subsidies in agriculture, the Republic of North Macedonia remains consistent in supporting the development and advancement of the agricultural sector and specifically tobacco production as one of the main branches of the Macedonian economy. Of course, it is necessary to comply with the common agricultural policy of the European Union, which implies a change in domestic legislation. More specifically, it is a matter of passing three key laws for harmonizing national policies with EU agricultural policies, that is, the Law on Direct Payments, the Law on Rural Development and the Law on Regulation of Markets.

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Marković, Mihajlo, Đurađ Hajder, Milan Šipka, Mladen Todorović, Nery Zapata, Teresa A. Paço, Erminio E. Riezzo, and Sabrija Čadro. "SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES IN MAIZE PRODUCTION IN BIH – H2020 SMARTWATER PROJECT." In 2nd International Symposium on Biotechnology. Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, University of Kragujevac, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt29.14mm.

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The increased need for smart management of agricultural resources resulted in the preparation and implementation of H2020 project SMARTWATER. This publication aims to present the main outcomes of SMARTWATER in three years of implementation (2021-2023), to encourage relevant target groups to participate in the action in 2024 and to promote smart management of agricultural resources. During project implementation different results were obtained. SMARTWATER team will continue with different twinning activities in 2024 aiming to promote smart agriculture practices, increase the competencies of scientists and young researchers and disseminate the project outcomes.

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"Regulations for Agricultural Products Derived from Biotechnology." In Proceedings of the ASEAN Workshop. Published by KH Biotech Services Pte Ltd, a subsidiary of World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814528061.

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"Agricultural biotechnology in the Republic of China." In Asian Food and Agribusiness Conference 2013:Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, 2013. https://doi.org/10.56669/rfai8059.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Agricultural biotechnology"

Echeverría, Ruben G., Eduardo Trigo, Carlos E. Pray, and Greg Traxler. Agricultural Biotechnology and Rural Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Implications for IDB Lending. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008953.

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This report concentrates on the potential for biotechnology research to benefit consumers and producers of food in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its objective is to provide general guidance to IDB lending for agriculture development. The study includes policy suggestions regarding agricultural biotechnology issues in IDB-funded programs. Special attention is given to the problems and opportunities of biotechnology for developing agriculture in LAC; the implications of biotechnology for public research organizations, including aspects of regional funding for research; biotechnology's potential contribution to reducing poverty, protecting the environment and providing food security.

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Seifert, Franz, ed. Precautionary Blockage of Agricultural Biotechnology. Vienna: self, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-pa-ht_00_2.

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Sexton, Steven, and David Zilberman. How Agricultural Biotechnology Boosts Food Supply and Accomodates Biofuels. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16699.

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Ahmed, Akhter, M. Mehrab Bakhtiar, Julie Ghostlaw, Aklima Parvin, A. S. M. Mahbubur Rahman Khan, Nasreen Sultana, Rezaul Karim Siddique, and Subrata Kumar Kundu. Commercialization of agricultural research and biotechnology stakeholder consultation workshops: Final report. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134315.

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Lewinsohn, Efraim, Eran Pichersky, and Shimon Gepstein. Biotechnology of Tomato Volatiles for Flavor Improvement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575277.bard.

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The main objectives of the research project were: 1. The manipulation, by genetic engineering techniques, of the terpenoid pathway in tomato fruit. Specifically, to test the hypothesis whether overexpression of linalool synthase in tomato fruits will result in the diversion of intermediates of the carotene biosynthetic pathway to linalool, demonstrating that linalool synthase is a key regulatory enzyme, and possibly improving tomato flavor. 2. The elucidation of the biochemical pathway leading to eugenol and methyl eugenol, and the manipulation of this pathway to determine key enzymes and to improve flavor in tomato. Background, conclusions and implications The different proportions of volatile components present in foods often determine their flavor properties. Two of the ten most important flavor compounds in tomatoes, linalool and eugenol, are emitted by the flowers of Clarkia breweri, (Onagraceae), a plant native to California, and are also present in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae). We have studied the key enzymes and genes involved in the production of these flavorants. Linalool synthase, the key enzyme in linalool biosynthesis and its corresponding gene were isolated and characterized from Clarkia breweri. The gene was coupled to a fruit-specific tomato promotor (E8) and was used to transform tomatoes. The transgenic tomatoes produced S-linalool and 1-hydroxylinalool, compounds absent from the fruits of controls. The transgenesis did not adversely affect the overall appearance of the plants nor the levels of other terpenoids present such as carotenoids and vitamin E. Our work has proven that the terpenoid pathway in tomatoes can be modified by the introduction and expression of foreign genes coding for the enzymes controlling the production of monoterpenoid flavor compounds. We have also isolated novel enzymes and genes that are involved in the formation of eugenol and methyl eugenol from Clarkia breweri and basil. An EST library of basil glandular trichomes (the site of eugenol and methyl eugenol biosynthesis) was prepared. More than 1,200 genes have been preliminary characterized and a few of them have been confirmed by functional expression, to be involved in eugenol and methyl eugenol biosynthesis. These genes have augmented the still small repertoire of genes that are available to modify the aroma of agricultural produce by genetic engineering.

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Zambrano, Patricia, César Falconi, José Falck-Zepeda, and Timothy Sulser. Biofuels and Rural Economic Development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011189.

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This report analyzes the current state of R&D in agricultural biotechnology in Latin America and the Caribbean in the context of development of the sector. The objectives of this report where first to estimate biofuel production potential based on current land use, productivity patterns and available technologies, examine the determinants of energy and biofuel supply and demand, and finally, develop a forward looking analysis of the long term impact of biofuel expansion in Latin America and its effects on prices, trade, food security, malnutrition and other indicators. The analysis of the current feedstock production possibilities show that most countries in Latin America continue to lag behind in terms of productivity, with a few exceptions. This conclusion leads to the need to further support strengthening the agricultural sector by improving input and output markets and value added chains.

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Zarate, Sebastian, Ilaria Cimadori, Maria Mercedes Roca, Michael S. Jones, and Katie Barnhill-Dilling. Assessment of the Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Agricultural Gene Editing via CRISPR-based Technologies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004904.

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Genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for breeding crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly helping address the effects of climate change (Kuiken, Barrangou, and Grieger 2021). These promises come alongside environmental, cultural, and socio-economic risks. Including concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with technological developments and are ill-equipped, or not well suited to evaluate risks new genome editing tools may introduce. Understanding these complex, dynamic interactions across the LAC region is important to inform appropriate and acceptable regional governance and investment strategies. The power and promise of gene editing, CRISPR specifically, were first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life (Anzalone, Koblan, and Liu 2020). Gene editing is not a singular technology or technique; it refers most often to a set of techniques that enable the manipulation of a genome with greater precision than previous iterations of genetic engineering (Shukla-Jones, Friedrichs, and Winickoff 2018b). The Inter-American Development Bank partnered with North Carolina State Universitys Genetic Engineering and Society (GES) Center to assess the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene-editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. The project studied the following core components: Current Policy Evaluation: Understanding what the future may hold requires a critical examination of the current status of the regulatory landscape. Analysis of the existing regulatory systems for agricultural biotechnologies throughout Latin America and how they included considerations for novel biotechnology strategies such as gene editing through CRISPR technologies were done. Forecasting and Future Policy Scenario Analysis: Potential products created through gene editing may face very different situations on the ground, depending on countries diverse regulations and market structures. To clarify the potential impacts of regulatory reforms, we included concrete case studies in our analysis. Identifying investment priorities: The diversity of the region naturally means that countries will have unique priorities and needs with respect to investment in agricultural biotechnology development and regulatory infrastructure. The document evaluates the accomplishments of the region in the development of gene edited products, highlighting both private and public sector innovations.

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Sánchez, Gabriel, Ricardo Rozemberg, and Inés Butler. Productive Development Policies in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011200.

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In contrast to the limited impact of aggregate-level productive development policies (PDPs) in Argentina, micro-level PDPs in several sectors have proven highly successful. This study seeks to understand how these PDPs succeeded in a challenging environment, what kinds of mechanisms were generated to ensure adaptation and learning, and how these PDPs evolved. Of importance is not only policy design and implementation, but also the policymaking. Following a historical overview of PDP in Argentina, the paper presents three case studies: i) the Argentine Technology Fund (FONTAR), a horizontal PDP; ii) the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), a vertical PDP; and iii) the application of both horizontal and vertical PDPs to the biotechnology sector. Lessons learned and conclusions are presented in a final section.

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Loyd, Peter. An Evaluation of Genetics 308X/508X Biotechnology in Agriculture, Food, and Human Health. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-170.

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Elroy-Stein, Orna, and Dmitry Belostotsky. Mechanism of Internal Initiation of Translation in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696518.bard.

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Original objectives Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vitro using wheat germ extract and krebs-2 cells extract. Fully achieved. Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vivo in Arabidopsis. Characterization of the physical interactions of PABP and other potential ITAFs with crTMV148 IRES. Partly achieved. To conduct search for additional ITAFs using different approaches and evaluate the candidates. Partly achieved. Background of the topic The power of internal translation via the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) elements allow coordinated synthesis of multiple gene products from a single transcription unit, and thereby enables to bypass the need for sequential transformation with multiple independent transgenes. The key goal of this project was to identify and analyze the IRES-trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that mediate the activity of a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV148) IRES. The remarkable conservation of the IRES activity across the phylogenetic spectrum (yeast, plants and animals) strongly suggests that key ITAFs that mediate its activity are themselves highly conserved. Thus, crTMV148 IRES offers opportunity for elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying internal translation in higher plants in order to enable its rational manipulation for the purpose of agricultural biotechnology. Major conclusions and achievements. - CrTMV IRES requires PABP for maximal activity. This conclusion was achieved by PABP depletion and reconstitution of wheat germ- and Krebs2-derived in-vitro translation assays using Arabidopsis-derived PABP2, 3, 5, 8 and yeast Pab1p. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract of the IRES decrease the high-affinity binding of all phylogenetically divergent PABPs derived from Arabidopsis and yeast in electro mobility gel shift assays. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract decrease IRES activity in-vivo. - The 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap. - In-vivo assembled RNPs containing proteins specifically associated with the IRES were purified from HEK293 cells using the RNA Affinity in Tandem (RAT) approach followed by their identification by mass spectroscopy. - This study yielded a list of potential protein candidates that may serve as ITAFs of crTMV148 IRES activity, among them are a/b tubulin, a/g actin, GAPDH, enolase 1, ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1, 26S proteasome subunit p45, rpSA, eEF1Bδ, and proteasome b5 subunit. Implications, both scientific and agriculture. The fact that the 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap suggests a potential joint interaction between PABP, the IRES sequence and the 3'-poly(A). This has an important scientific implication related to IRES function in general.

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