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Kuzmych, L. V., D. P. Ornatskyi und V. P. Kvasnikov. „Simulation of the analogue interface for remote measurements“. «System analysis and applied information science», Nr. 2 (28.08.2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2019-2-39-47.
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This work is aimed at finding possibilities for increasing the accuracy of measurements and interfering analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges by introducing a new structural scheme, which is shown on the Fig. 1. It shows us the Schematic of the electrical functional analog interface for remote measurement using multiplexer and resistive strain gauges, which contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others – exemplary resistors.By introducing a new structural scheme, it will be possible to increase the accuracy of measurements and impedance of analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges. In this case, unlike the classical method of model measures, this method is distinguished by the «indistinguishability» of the measuring line, which makes it possible to compensate for a greater number of influential factors, in particular, the correlated noise of operational amplifiers and noise caused by the presence of the overall ground loop, the resistance of analogue switches and lines of communication.At the Fig. 2 we can see the electric model of the measuring channel in the software Elektronic Workbench.From the analysis of the simulation results it was found that the random additive component of the error would dominate. Since in the simulation of the only random component of the error there is a quantization error, the use of the differential method of measuring the output voltage will significantly improve the metrological characteristics.
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Ornatskyi, D., L. Kuzmych und V. Kvasnikov. „The Analogue Interface for Remote Measurements Using Multiplexer and Resistive Strain Gauges“. Metrology and instruments, Nr. 6 (28.12.2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(6)2018.9-12.
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An analogue interface circuit that contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling is developed. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others — exemplary resistors. This work is aimed at finding possibilities for increasing the accuracy of measurements and interfering analog interfaces for remote measurements using resistive strain gauges by introducing a new structural scheme, which is shown on the Fig.2.
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Fosalau, Cristian, Cristian Zet und Daniel Petrisor. „Multiaxis inclinometer for in depth measurement of landslide movements“. Sensor Review 35, Nr. 3 (15.06.2015): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2014-0718.
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Purpose – The paper aims to present a device devoted to detect and measure earth displacements produced by landslides. This device is an inclinometer type geotechnical instrument. It is widely known that landslides are categorized among the most destructive disasters that yearly produce huge damages and even human lives losses. Design/methodology/approach – The principle of operation is based on measuring the deformation produced during soil layers sliding to a rod vertically mounted into the ground. The rod deformation is detected by highly sensitive strain gauges developed by authors using the stress impedance effect occurring in non-magnetostrictive magnetic amorphous microwires. The gauges are mounted in bridge configurations along the rod, beside the corresponding analogue and digital signal processing circuitry. Findings – The landslide transducer is able to calculate the displacement of the soil layers at different levels of depth and the direction of the landslide. It has been tested in laboratory in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. A resolution of less than 1 mm has been achieved for displacement detection, whereas orientation may be calculated with about a maximum accuracy of less than 20 degrees. Research limitations/implications – Problems occurred in the manufacturing process of the gauges because of the quite large dispersion of the microwire parameters, as well as with gluing the gauges on the rod, that is compulsory to be well done, otherwise the gauges relaxation occurs with consequence in time stability decay. Originality/value – With respect to other commercial devices, our inclinometer is characterized by high sensitivity and also by possibility of 3D measuring, it being able to gauge in depth the amplitude and orientation of the landslide.
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Świłło, Sławomir, und Robert Cacko. „A New Approach for Evaluation True Stress–Strain Curve from Tensile Specimens for DC04 Steel with Vision Measurement in the Post-Necking Phases“. Materials 16, Nr. 2 (06.01.2023): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020558.
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The paper presents an experimental evaluation of deformation of flat samples during uniaxial tensile testing, including uniform deformation and post-necking phases. The authors recommend a specially designed vision extensometer and simplified image processing method for analytical correction of triaxial test results for extended stress–strain curve estimation. A modified correction model is proposed, based on the application of Gaussian functions, to determine the neck geometry of the tested sample. The vision extensometer can monitor a specimen’s elongation using two fibre-optic gauges inserted into the material. Measurements taken from the vision extensometer are compared with readings from analogue gauges within the range of uniform deformation. The analytical correction model’s ability to correctly assess the extended true stress–strain curve in the post-necking phase was investigated. Image processing forms the basis of an efficient method for identifying the contour of the specimen’s neck. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to verify the proposed solutions and assess the results obtained for the uniform and post-neck deformation phases. The change in thickness of the sample was experimentally measured throughout the tensile test with a digital gauge sensor and compared with the results of the digital image correlation.
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Ornatskyi, D., L. Kuzmych und V. Kvasnikov. „Simulation of the Analogue Interface for Remote Measurements Using Multiplexer and Resistive Strain Gauges“. Metrology and instruments, Nr. 1 (25.03.2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(1)2019.31-36.
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The simulation of the analog interface circuit based on the measuring amplifier with differential inputs and the ultrasonic scheme and algorithm of non — destructive additive — multiplicative correction have been made. Such schematic of the analog interface reduces the influence of input correlated noise of operational amplifiers and network drives on the «general» resistance.
The Fig. 1 shows us the Schematic of the electrical functional analog interface for remote measurement using multiplexer and resistive strain gauges, which contains a measuring chain, a transmitter, the input of which is connected to a DC source through an analog demultiplexer, and the outputs of the measuring chain through the analog multiplexer are connected to the measuring amplifier, and a two-channel analog-digital converter with simultaneous sampling. The measuring chain is made in the form of three resistive current dividers, where one divider is formed by a resistive strain gauge and adjusting resistor, and two others — exemplary resistors.
At the Fig. 2 we can see the electric model of the measuring channel in the software Elektronic Workbench.
From the analysis of the simulation results it was found that the random additive component of the error would dominate. Since in the simulation of the only random component of the error there is a quantization error, the use of the differential method of measuring the output voltage will significantly improve the metrological characteristics.
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Almeida, Rafael Bartimann de, und Adelsom Soares Filho. „Vegetation and soil natural defense: an experiment with students of basic education“. Research, Society and Development 9, Nr. 9 (23.08.2020): e429996915. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6915.
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This article describes actions performed in the Development Plan of the municipal school Domingos Gonçalves Gomes, in the city of Campo Grande-MS. The aim was to analyze the importance of vegetation on rainfall interception from a sample of Inga Fagifolia (a tree popularly known as ingazeiro), searching an approximation between scientific research and students of basic education. For this, a rainfall monitoring was performed by means of digital rain gauge and handmade analogue rain gauges – made by the students themselves. Monitoring the rates of rainfall interception by vegetation allowed new discussions in the classroom based on the fundamental concepts of Geography, especially Landscape. This research took place during the autumn of 2017 and was elaborated by the students of the 9th grade of Elementary School. The findings pointed out to the effectiveness of the use of handmade rain gauges, manufactured with PET bottles (two liters), during the rainfall monitoring and indicated that the Ingazeiro specimen can retain up to 86.67% of rainfall. The students realized the importance of vegetation for the soil protection and the importance of scientific research for generation data that will help with planning and environmental management. Finally, we expect that this project will be maintained, motivating more students to study through practical environmental education activities.
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Rosca, Adrian Sorin, Nicolae Craciunoiu, Ionut Daniel Geonea und Leonard Ciurezu Gherghe. „Experimental measurement of the cutting forces and wear of the drill in processing X17CrNi16-2 martensitic stainless steel“. Mechanical Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (04.03.2021): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-269-2021.
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Abstract. For the optimum setup of an industrial manufacturing process, it can be important to know the drilling forces and moments. In many cases, theoretical estimates are not accurate enough, especially when dealing with new materials, and experimental measurements are mandatory. This paper presents the design of a dynamometer comprising a one-spoked wheel elastic component to measure the drilling thrust force and the drilling moment. A finite element analysis was made, using Ansys software, to find the most favorable position for the strain gauges. One set of strain gauges was bonded to spokes to determine the torque, and a second set was bonded to the other two spokes to quantify the axial thrust force. After dynamometer manufacturing, a calibration operation is achieved, and tests are performed by measuring the drilling forces, thrust, and torque on American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 1020 steel. The analogue signals from the gauges were recorded using a computer with a data acquisition device. Tool wear is studied, and the results are presented in the paper. A good agreement between results from the literature and computations demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of this measuring instrument.
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SURESH, R., P. K. RAVICHANDRAN, J. P. GUPTA, S. B. THAMPI, S. KALYANASUNDARAM und P. RAJESH RAO. „On optimum rain rate estimation from a pulsed Doppler Weather Radar at Chennai“. MAUSAM 56, Nr. 2 (20.01.2022): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i2.950.
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A 10 cm S-band Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) has been installed as a replacement of an outlived analogue S-band radar at Cyclone Detection Radar (CDR) station, Chennai during September-October, 2001. Technical specifications and capabilities of this DWR have been briefly mentioned in this paper. The digital data obtained from this DWR have been used for the period November-December, 2001 to estimate the rain rate based on the Marshall-Palmer relationship between the radar reflectivity factor (z) and the rain rate (R). The relation z = 267R1.345 estimates well the rain rate as measured by the self recording rain gauges located within 100 km radius from the DWR. This relationship has been tested for its operational applicability during March 2002 - December, 2003 and found that the accumulated precipitation from the radar estimation was within an error of 15% from the rain gauge measured values. Information on the twenty four hours accumulated areal distribution of precipitation can be used by the water managers and operational hydrologists for the effective water management over the catchments since the error in rain rate estimation over a wider area is relatively small in comparison to point rainfall estimation.
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MacDonald, David B. „Do We Need Kiwi Lessons in Biculturalism? Considering the Usefulness of Aotearoa/New Zealand's Pākehā Identity in Re-Articulating Indigenous Settler Relations in Canada“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 49, Nr. 4 (04.11.2016): 643–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423916000950.
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AbstractCanada is beginning to slowly embrace an ethic of Indigenous-settler biculturalism. One model of change is afforded by the development of biculturalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand, where recent Indigenous Māori mobilization has created a unique model in the Western settler world. This article explores what Canada might learn from the Kiwi experience, focusing on the key identity marker Pākehā, an internalized and contingent settler identity, using Indigenous vocabulary and reliant on a relationship with Indigenous peoples. This article gauges Pākehā’s utility in promoting biculturalism, noting both its progressive qualities and problems in its deployment, including continued inequality, political alienation, and structural discrimination. While Canada has no Pākehā analogue, terms such as “settler” are being operationalized to develop a larger agenda for reconciliation along the lines recommended by the Truth and Reconcilliation Commission. However, such terms function best when channelled towards achieving positive concrete goals, rather than acting as rhetorical screens for continued inaction.
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Surmaini, Elza, Tri Wahyu Hadi, Kasdi Subagyono und Nanang Tyasbudi Puspito. „PREDICTION OF DROUGHT IMPACT ON RICE PADDIES IN WEST JAVA USING ANALOGUE DOWNSCALING METHOD“. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 16, Nr. 1 (02.09.2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v16n1.2015.21-30.
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Indonesia consistently experiences dry climatic conditions and droughts during El Niño, with significant consequences for rice production. To mitigate the impacts of such droughts, robust, simple and timely rainfall forecast is critically important for predicting drought prior to planting time over rice growing areas in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to predict drought in rice growing areas using ensemble seasonal prediction. The skill of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) seasonal prediction model Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) for predicting rice drought in West Java was investigated in a series of hindcast experiments in 1989-2010. The Constructed Analogue (CA) method was employed to produce downscaled local rainfall prediction with stream function (y) and velocity potential (c) at 850 hPa as predictors and observed rainfall as predictant. We used forty two rain gauges in northern part of West Java in Indramayu, Cirebon, Sumedang and Majalengka Districts. To be able to quantify the uncertainties, a multi-window scheme for predictors was applied to obtain ensemble rainfall prediction. Drought events in dry season planting were predicted by rainfall thresholds. The skill of downscaled rainfall prediction was assessed using Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) method. Results of the study showed that the skills of the probabilistic seasonal prediction for early detection of rice area drought were found to range from 62% to 82% with an improved lead time of 2-4 months. The lead time of 2-4 months provided sufficient time for practical policy makers, extension workers and farmers to cope with drought by preparing suitable farming practices and equipments.
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Surmaini, Elza, Tri Wahyu Hadi, Kasdi Subagyono und Nanang Tyasbudi Puspito. „PREDICTION OF DROUGHT IMPACT ON RICE PADDIES IN WEST JAVA USING ANALOGUE DOWNSCALING METHOD“. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 16, Nr. 1 (02.09.2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v16n1.2015.p21-30.
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Indonesia consistently experiences dry climatic conditions and droughts during El Niño, with significant consequences for rice production. To mitigate the impacts of such droughts, robust, simple and timely rainfall forecast is critically important for predicting drought prior to planting time over rice growing areas in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to predict drought in rice growing areas using ensemble seasonal prediction. The skill of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) seasonal prediction model Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) for predicting rice drought in West Java was investigated in a series of hindcast experiments in 1989-2010. The Constructed Analogue (CA) method was employed to produce downscaled local rainfall prediction with stream function (y) and velocity potential (c) at 850 hPa as predictors and observed rainfall as predictant. We used forty two rain gauges in northern part of West Java in Indramayu, Cirebon, Sumedang and Majalengka Districts. To be able to quantify the uncertainties, a multi-window scheme for predictors was applied to obtain ensemble rainfall prediction. Drought events in dry season planting were predicted by rainfall thresholds. The skill of downscaled rainfall prediction was assessed using Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) method. Results of the study showed that the skills of the probabilistic seasonal prediction for early detection of rice area drought were found to range from 62% to 82% with an improved lead time of 2-4 months. The lead time of 2-4 months provided sufficient time for practical policy makers, extension workers and farmers to cope with drought by preparing suitable farming practices and equipments.
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Norem, H., T. Kvisterøy und B. D. Evensen. „Measurement of Avalanche Speeds and Forces: Instrumentation and Preliminary Results of the Ryggfonn Project“. Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-19-22.
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The Ryggfonn project is a Full scale experiment carried out to investigate the impact of avalanches on structures and the effects of a retaining dam in the avalanche path. The vertical drop of the avalanche path is 910 m and the volume of the avalanches is 20 - 100 000 m3.The experimental set-up consists of: a 15 m high retaining dam in the runout zone, instrumented with strain gauges on a 6.5 m steel mast and a load cell on a 1.0 m mast, plus a 4.5 m high concrete structure instrumented with three 0.72 m2 load cells, and three transmission line conductors strung across the avalanche path. The recorded analogue signals are digitized using Pulse-Code-Modulation (PCM) and recorded on a magnetic tape recorder.Up to May 1984, speed data from five avalanches have been analysed, and impact pressures have been recorded from three of them. The maximum speeds vary between 38 m/s and 60 m/s. The maximum recorded impact pressure was 541 kPa, and averaged 220 kPa over a 15 second interval. A maximum pressure of 83 kPa was measured on a load cell buried under snow at the base of the concrete structure.
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Norem, H., T. Kvisterøy und B. D. Evensen. „Measurement of Avalanche Speeds and Forces: Instrumentation and Preliminary Results of the Ryggfonn Project“. Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009915.
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The Ryggfonn project is a Full scale experiment carried out to investigate the impact of avalanches on structures and the effects of a retaining dam in the avalanche path. The vertical drop of the avalanche path is 910 m and the volume of the avalanches is 20 - 100 000 m3.The experimental set-up consists of: a 15 m high retaining dam in the runout zone, instrumented with strain gauges on a 6.5 m steel mast and a load cell on a 1.0 m mast, plus a 4.5 m high concrete structure instrumented with three 0.72 m2load cells, and three transmission line conductors strung across the avalanche path. The recorded analogue signals are digitized using Pulse-Code-Modulation (PCM) and recorded on a magnetic tape recorder.Up to May 1984, speed data from five avalanches have been analysed, and impact pressures have been recorded from three of them. The maximum speeds vary between 38 m/s and 60 m/s. The maximum recorded impact pressure was 541 kPa, and averaged 220 kPa over a 15 second interval. A maximum pressure of 83 kPa was measured on a load cell buried under snow at the base of the concrete structure.
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Riches, S. T., C. Warn, K. Cannon, G. Rickard, L. Stoica und C. Johnston. „Design and Assembly of High Temperature Distributed Aero-engine Control System Demonstrator“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (01.01.2014): 000285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-tha12.
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This paper covers the development of a distributed high temperature electronics demonstrator for integration with sensor elements to provide digital outputs that can be used by the FADEC (Full Authority Digital Electronic Control) system or the EHMS (Engine Health Monitoring System) on an aircraft engine. This distributed electronics demonstrator eliminates the need for the FADEC or EHMS to process the sensor signal, which will assist in making the overall system more accurate and efficient in processing only digital signals. This will offer weight savings in cables, harnesses and connector pin reduction. The design concept was to take the output from several on-engine sensors, carry out the signal conditioning, multiplexing, analogue to digital conversion and data transmission through a serial data bus. The unit has to meet the environmental requirements of DO-160 with the need to operate at 200°C, with short term operation at temperatures up to 250°C. The work undertaken has been to design an ASIC based on 1.0μm Silicon on Insulator (SOI) device technology incorporating sensor signal conditioning electronics for sensors including resistance temperature probes, strain gauges, thermocouples, torque and frequency inputs. The ASIC contains analogue multiplexers, temperature stable voltage band-gap reference and bias circuits, ADC, BIST, core logic, DIN inputs and two parallel ARINC 429 serial databuses. The ASIC was tested and showed to be functional up to a maximum temperature of 275°C. The ASIC has been integrated with other high temperature components including voltage regulators, a crystal oscillator, precision resistors, silicon capacitors within a hermetic hybrid package. The hybrid circuit has been assembled within a stainless steel enclosure with high temperature connectors. The high temperature electronics demonstrator has been shown to operate from −40°C to +250°C. This work has been carried out under the EU Clean Sky HIGHTECS project with the Project being led by Turbomeca (Fr) and carried out by GE Aviation Systems (UK), GE Research – Munich (D) and Oxford University (UK).
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Immenhauser, Adrian, Heiko Hillgärtner, Ute Sattler, Giovanni Bertotti, Pascal Schoepfer, Peter Homewood, Volker Vahrenkamp et al. „Barremian-lower Aptian Qishn Formation, Haushi-Huqf area, Oman: a new outcrop analogue for the Kharaib/Shu’aiba reservoirs“. GeoArabia 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.2004): 153–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia0901153.
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ABSTRACT Limestones of the middle Cretaceous Qishn Formation are exposed in the Haushi-Huqf area of Oman. These carbonates preserved reservoir properties due to shallow burial and an arid post-exhumation climate. This characteristic makes the Qishn Formation an excellent outcrop analogue for the Upper Kharaib and Lower Shu’aiba oil reservoirs in the Interior Oman basins. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad overview of results from an industry-oriented field study recently performed in the Qishn Formation outcrops belts. The comparison of these results with studies undertaken in the Northern Oman Mountains and the Oman Interior subsurface is the topic of ongoing research. The age of the Qishn Formation is middle Barremian to mid-early Aptian, the Hawar Member (equivalent) is earliest Aptian in age. The paleo-environments recorded range from the tidal mudflat to the argillaceous platform setting (outer ramp) below the storm wave base. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, four large-scale transgressive-regressive cycles of Cretaceous age (Jurf and Qishn formations) were distinguished. Sequence I, a dolomitized succession termed Jurf Formation, is the equivalent of the Lekhwair, the Lower Kharaib and possibly older Cretaceous units. Due to pervasive early dolomitization, the Jurf Formation is not further considered here. Sequence II, forming the base of the overlying Qishn Formation represents the equivalent of the Upper Kharaib, portions of Sequence III the Hawar Member, and Sequence IV is the equivalent of the Lower Shu’aiba. At least two lower orders of cycles are superimposed on these four sequences. Total porosity with a mean of 19.3% (s = 8.74%) and permeability with a mean of 6.36 mD (s = 6.57 mD) characterize the Qishn Formation limestones. Overall, the correlation of porosity and permeability is better for regressive (highstand) deposits than for the transgressive limestones. The lateral variability (>100 m) of porosity and permeability values within specific intervals is substantial and matches or even exceeds stratigraphic variability. Spectral gamma ray logs from Qishn Formation recorded in the outcrops are dominated by the U spectrum and to a lesser degree by the Th spectrum. Qishn Formation carbonates in the Haushi-Huqf High are extensively fractured. The outcrops studied display very widespread systematic jointing with dominant NW-SE to WNW-ESE trends. A second, subordinate system results in a potentially highly interconnective network. Joints are strictly confined to specific beds or groups of beds and have regular spacing of between 6 and 18 cm. Joints are related to regional stress fields and do not show significant changes (in density or direction) in the vicinity of folds or faults. Faults are typically organized in corridors consisting of up to several metre-wide zones with swarms of discrete fault planes. Fault gauges are very rarely observed, but where present, form discontinuous, 10s of cm long lenses.
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Daves, Glenn G. „Trends in Automotive Packaging“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (01.01.2014): 001818–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-keynote_th1_daves.
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The long-term trend in automobiles has been increasing electronics content over time. This trend is expected to continue and drives diverse functional, form factor, and reliability requirements. These requirements, in turn, are leading to changes in the package types selected and the performance specifications of the packages used for automotive electronics. Several examples will be given. This abstract covers the development of a distributed high temperature electronics demonstrator for integration with sensor elements to provide digital outputs that can be used by the FADEC (Full Authority Digital Electronic Control) system or the EHMS (Engine Health Monitoring System) on an aircraft engine. This distributed electronics demonstrator eliminates the need for the FADEC or EHMS to process the sensor signal, which will assist in making the overall system more accurate and efficient in processing only digital signals. This will offer weight savings in cables, harnesses and connector pin reduction. The design concept was to take the output from several on-engine sensors, carry out the signal conditioning, multiplexing, analogue to digital conversion and data transmission through a serial data bus. The unit has to meet the environmental requirements of DO-160 with the need to operate at 200°C, with short term operation at temperatures up to 250°C. The work undertaken has been to design an ASIC based on 1.0 μm Silicon on Insulator (SOI) device technology incorporating sensor signal conditioning electronics for sensors including resistance temperature probes, strain gauges, thermocouples, torque and frequency inputs. The ASIC contains analogue multiplexers, temperature stable voltage band-gap reference and bias circuits, ADC, BIST, core logic, DIN inputs and two parallel ARINC 429 serial databuses. The ASIC was tested and showed to be functional up to a maximum temperature of 275°C. The ASIC has been integrated with other high temperature components including voltage regulators, a crystal oscillator, precision resistors, silicon capacitors within a hermetic hybrid package. The hybrid circuit has been assembled within a stainless steel enclosure with high temperature connectors. The high temperature electronics demonstrator has been demonstrated operating from −40°C to +250°C. This work has been carried out under the EU Clean Sky HIGHTECS project with the Project being led by Turbomeca (Fr) and carried out by GE Aviation Systems (UK), GE Research – Munich (D) and Oxford University (UK).
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Makarieva, O. M., N. V. Nesterova, G. P. Yampolsky und E. Y. Kudymova. „ASSESSMENT OF MAXIMUM INSTANT DISCHARGE OF VARIOUS FREQUENCY AT UNGAUGED MOUNTAINOUS RIVER KHEMCHIK (TUVA REPUBLIC) BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING“. Engineering survey 13, Nr. 2 (04.09.2019): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1997-8650-2019-13-2-36-51.
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Abstract: the article presents the results of application of distributed deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph for estimation of maximum discharge values of different frequency at the ungauged catchment of the Khemchik River (Khemchik village, Tuva Republic). The catchment area is 1750 km2 , the average and maximum elevation — 2200 and 3600 m, respectively. Due to the lack of detailed information, a schematization of the catchment and the parameterization of the model are proposed, based on general ideas about the water balance and the processes of runoff formation of the main landscapes — rocky talus, coniferous forest and steppe. Parameters and algorithms are verified based on the results of streamflow modeling at two studied catchments: the Tapsy River — Kara-Khol (302 km2 ) and the Khemchik River — Iyme (25500 km2 ). Modelling of runoff formation processes with daily time step for the Khemchik River — Khemchik village was conducted for the period 1966–2012 using observational data at Teeli meteorological station. For the transition from daily to instant discharges, the dependence of the observed values of instant and daily streamflow at the studied gauges has been applied. On the basis of simulated discharge series, the frequency curve was built and the obtained curve was compared with the calculation data according to the standard methodology SP 33-101-2003 “Determination of the main calculated hydrological characteristics” using the analogue river. Simulated maximum instant discharges for entire frequency interval of up to 1% are 1.3–5 times higher than the values obtained by standard methodology SP 33-101-2003. The results of model calculations is indirectly confirmed by the evidences of regular flooding of the Khemchik village provided by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Tuva Republic, which is not predicted by the values obtained by the standard methods.
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Milana, Edoardo, Oscar Hernán Ramírez-Agudelo und Jacob Estevam Schmiedt. „Autonomous Reading of Gauges in Unstructured Environments“. Sensors 22, Nr. 17 (03.09.2022): 6681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176681.
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This paper introduces GAUREAD, an end-to-end computer vision system that is able to autonomously read analogic gauges with circular shapes and linear scales in unstructured environments. Existing gauge reading software still relies on some manual entry, like the gauge location and the gauge scale, or they are able to work just with a frontal view. On the contrary, GAUREAD comprises all the necessary steps to make the measurement unconstrained from previous information, including gauge detection from scene, perspective rectification and scale reconstruction. Our algorithm achieves a speed of 800 milliseconds per reading on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano 4 GB. Experimental tests show that GAUREAD can provide a measurement with an error within 3% for perspective angles below 20° and within 9% up to 50°. The system is foreseen to be implemented on mobile robotics to automatise not only safety routines, but also critical security operations.
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Kuzmych, L. „Synthesis of Measurement Method of Stressed — Deformed Condition of Complex Structures“. Metrology and instruments, Nr. 3 (03.07.2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.12-18.
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Nowadays the most common instruments of measuring the stress-strain state of complex structures are strain gauges. As a rule, strain gages are connected to the measuring system according to the bridge scheme, it provides elimination of systematic errors of measurement and compensation of temperature deformations. The principles of constructing, designing and mathematical modeling of deformation and stresses of complex technical constructions with the help of strain gauges taking into account destabilizing factors are developed, which allows to significantly reduce the level of errors in relation to existing methods of measurement and known analogues.
The analysis of the main destabilizing factors that limit the accuracy of measurement using strain gauge is carried out, are (Fig. 1—4):
the random processes (noises, obstacles, etc.);
the time changes of parameters of measuring transducers due to aging and physical degradation;
the influence of external climatic and mechanical factors (temperature, humidity, etc.).
The temperature error values are set for the most common alloys used for the manufacture of strain gauges, namely: constantan and karma.
This work is aimed at finding ways to improve the accuracy of remote measurements and impedance of measuring devices of the stress — strain state, in particular strain gauges and strain gauges, by introducing improved theoretical calculations taking into account destabilizing factors, which makes it possible to reduce the level of errors with respect to known analogs in dozens of times.
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Krishnaswami, Govind S., und Sachin S. Phatak. „Higgs mechanism and the added-mass effect“. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, Nr. 2176 (April 2015): 20140803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0803.
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In the Higgs mechanism, mediators of the weak force acquire masses by interacting with the Higgs condensate, leading to a vector boson mass matrix. On the other hand, a rigid body accelerated through an inviscid, incompressible and irrotational fluid feels an opposing force linearly related to its acceleration, via an added-mass tensor. We uncover a striking physical analogy between the two effects and propose a dictionary relating them. The correspondence turns the gauge Lie algebra into the space of directions in which the body can move, encodes the pattern of gauge symmetry breaking in the shape of an associated body and relates symmetries of the body to those of the scalar vacuum manifold. The new viewpoint is illustrated with numerous examples, and raises interesting questions, notably on the fluid analogues of the broken symmetry and Higgs particle, and the field-theoretic analogue of the added mass of a composite body.
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Monnier, Samuel. „Topological field theories on manifolds with Wu structures“. Reviews in Mathematical Physics 29, Nr. 05 (12.04.2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x17500155.
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We construct invertible field theories generalizing abelian prequantum spin Chern–Simons theory to manifolds of dimension [Formula: see text] endowed with a Wu structure of degree [Formula: see text]. After analyzing the anomalies of a certain discrete symmetry, we gauge it, producing topological field theories whose path integral reduces to a finite sum, akin to Dijkgraaf–Witten theories. We take a general point of view where the Chern–Simons gauge group and its couplings are encoded in a local system of integral lattices. The Lagrangian of these theories has to be interpreted as a class in a generalized cohomology theory in order to obtain a gauge invariant action. We develop a computationally friendly cochain model for this generalized cohomology and use it in a detailed study of the properties of the Wu Chern–Simons action. In the 3-dimensional spin case, the latter provides a definition of the “fermionic correction” introduced recently in the literature on fermionic symmetry protected topological phases. In order to construct the state space of the gauged theories, we develop an analogue of geometric quantization for finite abelian groups endowed with a skew-symmetric pairing. The physical motivation for this work comes from the fact that in the [Formula: see text] case, the gauged 7-dimensional topological field theories constructed here are essentially the anomaly field theories of the 6-dimensional conformal field theories with [Formula: see text] supersymmetry, as will be discussed elsewhere.
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Blagojevic, Borislava, Stevan Prohaska, Dragan Radivojevic und Aleksandra Ilic. „Spatial interpolation of mean monthly flow series by nonlinear correlation model applied in the Ibar river basin“. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 7, Nr. 1 (2009): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0901083b.
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When providing hydrologic indicators needed for hydro power plant design, knowledge of mean monthly flows allows for estimation of majority of indicators. The paper deals with a problem of obtaining mean monthly flows at the location where flow observation data do not exist. The closest gauge station from the observation network is selected as an analogue location/basin. Since the selected gauge station observation period is rather short, the extension of the data set is achieved by generating synthetic mean monthly flow series by the nonlinear correlation method explained within the paper. Attention is paid to finding the best fit for correlation within the observation period. Four segmentation types of the correlation curve of transformed values are studied. Observed data are used for estimation of applied model quality i.e. spatial interpolation of surrounding gauge stations to the analogue station. At the selected hydro power plant location, synthetic series of mean monthly flow is calculated by scaling series from the analogue gauge station, using basin area ratio as scaling coefficient. Apart from mean annual flow and annual flow distribution, based on the synthetic mean monthly series, daily flow duration curve and maintenance flow were calculated.
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Garavuso, Richard S. „R-Symmetries and Curvature Constraints in A-Twisted Heterotic Landau–Ginzburg Models“. Particles 6, Nr. 3 (07.08.2023): 746–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles6030047.
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In this paper, we discuss various aspects of a class of A-twisted heterotic Landau–Ginzburg models on a Kähler variety X. We provide a classification of the R-symmetries in these models which allow the A-twist to be implemented, focusing on the case in which the gauge bundle is either a deformation of the tangent bundle of X or a deformation of a sub-bundle of the tangent bundle of X. Some anomaly-free examples are provided. The curvature constraint imposed by supersymmetry in these models when the superpotential is not holomorphic is reviewed. Constraints of this nature have been used to establish properties of analogues of pullbacks of Mathai–Quillen forms which arise in the correlation functions of the corresponding A-twisted or B-twisted heterotic Landau–Ginzburg models. The analogue most relevant to this paper is a deformation of the pullback of a Mathai–Quillen form. We discuss how this deformation may arise in the class of models studied in this paper. We then comment on how analogues of pullbacks of Mathai–Quillen forms not discussed in previous work may be obtained. Standard Mathai–Quillen formalism is reviewed in an appendix. We also include an appendix which discusses the deformation of the pullback of a Mathai–Quillen form.
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YAMAGUCHI, MASAHIRO. „GAUGE DEFORMATIONS OF CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES AND ZAMOLODCHIKOV'S C-FUNCTION“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, Nr. 22 (20.11.1990): 4279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001781.
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We study the deformations of conformal field theories in which the perturbing fields include the Virasoro secondary fields of the form L−1φ. We introduce the notion of gauge deformation which is an analogue of the off-shell gauge transformation in string theory. We also calculate Zamolodchikov's c-function and show that it is invariant under the gauge deformation.
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BALACHANDRAN, A. P., S. JO und A. M. SRIVASTAVA. „WHAT BECOMES OF THE VACUUM ANGLE IN GENERALLY COVARIANT GAUGE THEORIES AND THE VIELBEIN APPROACH TO GRAVITY“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, Nr. 12 (20.07.1989): 2995–3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001205.
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We examine the fate of the gauge theory vacuum angles (like the QCD θ) when the topology of the spatial slice M is nontrivial and diffeomorphism invariance is included. The analogues of the θ angles are then defined by the unitary irreducible representations of the semidirect product [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] being the groups of asymptotically trivial diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations for M. Features from spatial and gauge group topologies thus get nontrivially mixed up. As a consequence, a spectrum of θ angles or their appropriate analogues can occur in a quantum theory. We also find the remarkable result that the vacuum angles are quantized for certain M like ℝ2#T2. The new variable approach to gravity or any approach using vielbeins resembles a gauge theory with diffeomorphism invariance and hence can be subjected to our analysis. In particular, in such approaches as well as a spectrum of gravity θ angles or their suitable analogues can appear in a quantum theory.
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So, H., und H. Suzuki. „Zero-Dimensional Analogue of the Global Gauge Anomaly“. Progress of Theoretical Physics 115, Nr. 2 (01.02.2006): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.115.467.
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OOGURI, HIROSI, und NAOKI SASAKURA. „DISCRETE AND CONTINUUM APPROACHES TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY“. Modern Physics Letters A 06, Nr. 39 (21.12.1991): 3591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391004140.
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It is shown that, in the three-dimensional lattice gravity defined by Ponzano and Regge, the space of physical states is isomorphic to the space of gauge-invariant functions on the moduli space of flat SU(2) connections over a two-dimensional surface, which gives physical states in the ISO(3) Chern–Simons gauge theory. To prove this, we employ the q-analogue of this model defined by Turaev and Viro as a regularization to sum over states. A recent work by Turaev suggests that the q-analogue model itself may be related to an Euclidean gravity with a cosmological constant proportional to 1/k2, where q=e2πi/(k+2).
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BAMBAH, B. A., und C. MUKKU. „EFFECTIVE ACTIONS FOR GAUGE THEORIES WITH CHERN-SIMONS TERMS-I“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, Nr. 07 (10.04.1990): 1267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9000057x.
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The effective Lagrangian for a three-dimensional gauge theory with a Chern-Simons term is evaluated up to one-loop effects. It is shown to be completely finite. It also does not exhibit any imaginary part. The calculation is carried out in a background field analogue of the Feynman gauge and gauge invariance is maintained throughout the calculation. In the appendix, an argument is presented as to why this Feynman gauge may be a “good” gauge for our results to be applied to high temperature QCD and in particular to the quark-gluon plasma.
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IZAWA, K. I. „GENERATION AS THE ORIGIN OF HIGGS FIELDS“. Modern Physics Letters A 06, Nr. 36 (30.11.1991): 3321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391003833.
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This letter provides a simple reformulation of the standard electroweak theory of leptons with two generations as a generalized gauge theory. It is based on a discrete analogue of Kaluza–Klein theories, with the 'extra dimension' being the generations of the matter. Higgs fields appear as part of a generalized gauge field. Hypercharge quantization results from the use of a simple Lie superalgebra su(1|2) as the generalized gauge algebra.
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MALIK, R. P. „NEW LOCAL SYMMETRY FOR QED IN TWO DIMENSIONS“. Modern Physics Letters A 15, Nr. 34 (10.11.2000): 2079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002681.
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A new local, covariant and nilpotent symmetry is shown to exist for the interacting BRST invariant U(1) gauge theory in two dimensions of space–time. Under this new symmetry, it is the gauge-fixing term that remains invariant and the corresponding transformations on the Dirac fields turn out to be the analogue of chiral transformations. The extended BRST algebra is derived for the generators of all the underlying symmetries, present in the theory. This algebra turns out to be the analogue of the algebra obeyed by the de Rham cohomology operators of differential geometry. Possible interpretations and implications of this symmetry are pointed out in the context of BRST cohomology and Hodge decomposition theorem.
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Naik, P. C. „Analogue of Aharonov-Bohm effect in spin gauge theory“. Pramana 27, Nr. 5 (November 1986): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02845290.
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32
Macnish, A. J., D. C. Joyce und A. J. Shorter. „A simple non-destructive method for laboratory evaluation of fruit firmness“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, Nr. 6 (1997): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97033.
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Summary. Devices which offer simple, inexpensive, reliable and non-destructive objective measurement of fruit firmness assist in the monitoring of quality. For the present study, the Analogue CSIRO Tomato Firmness Meter (AFM), which measures fruit deformation under a 500 g load applied for 30 s was modified by replacing the analogue displacement gauge with a digital gauge and by using a laboratory jack for positioning the fruit in the vertical dimension. Non-destructive measurements of tomato fruit softening during ripening and determined with the Digital Firmness Meter (DFM) were strongly correlated with both firmness measured with the AFM (r2 = 0.96, n = 19) and with firmness determined subjectively by hand pressure (r2 = 0.93, n = 19). Similarly, mango fruit softening during ripening was monitored and DFM and hand firmness measurements were well correlated (r2 = 0.95, n = 10). The firmness of individual fruit could be measured around 20% faster with the DFM than with the AFM, and displacement was easier to read from the digital than from the analogue display. The DFM proved to be a suitable device for measuring fruit firmness in postharvest laboratory studies and warrants evaluation under commercial packing and handling conditions.
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García-Compeán, H., O. Obregón, J. F. Plebański und C. Ramírez. „Towards a gravitational analogue toSduality in non-Abelian gauge theories“. Physical Review D 57, Nr. 12 (15.06.1998): 7501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.57.7501.
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Volkov, Boris O. „Lévy differential operators and Gauge invariant equations for Dirac and Higgs fields“. Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 22, Nr. 01 (März 2019): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025719500012.
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We study the Lévy infinite-dimensional differential operators (differential operators defined by the analogy with the Lévy Laplacian) and their relationship to the Yang–Mills equations. We consider the parallel transport on the space of curves as an infinite-dimensional analogue of chiral fields and show that it is a solution to the system of differential equations if and only if the associated connection is a solution to the Yang–Mills equations. This system is an analogue of the equations of motion of chiral fields and contains the Lévy divergence. The systems of infinite-dimensional equations containing Lévy differential operators, that are equivalent to the Yang–Mills–Higgs equations and the Yang–Mills–Dirac equations (the equations of quantum chromodynamics), are obtained. The equivalence of two ways to define Lévy differential operators is shown.
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POLYAKOV, A. M. „QUANTUM GRAVITY IN TWO DIMENSIONS“. Modern Physics Letters A 02, Nr. 11 (November 1987): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732387001130.
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Two dimensional induced quantum gravity is analyzed. By the use of light-cone gauge we derive a gravitational analogue of the Wess-Zumino action and discover its amazing connection with SL (2, ℝ) current algebra. The latter permits us to find differential equations for the correlation functions.
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de Lima, A. G., H. Belich und K. Bakke. „He–McKellar–Wilkens-type effect, quantum holonomies and Aharonov–Bohm-type effect for bound states from the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects“. Reviews in Mathematical Physics 28, Nr. 10 (November 2016): 1650023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x16500239.
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From the effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation in the CPT-even gauge sector of the Standard Model Extension determined by a tensor background [Formula: see text], we establish a possible scenario where an analogue of the He–McKellar–Wilkens effect can stem from. Besides, we build quantum holonomies associated with the analogue of the He–McKellar–Wilkens effect and discuss a possible analogy with the geometric quantum computation. Finally, we investigate the dependence of the energy levels on the He–McKellar–Wilkens geometric phase induced by Lorentz symmetry breaking effects when the particle is confined to a hard-wall confining potential.
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SPIRO, A., und S. TANTUCCI. „THE TWO WAYS OF GAUGING THE POINCARÉ GROUP“. International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 06, Nr. 07 (November 2009): 1115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887809004120.
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A description of how a theory of gravity can be considered as a gauge theory (in the sense of Trautman) of the Poincaré group is given. As a result, it is shown that a gauge theory of this kind is consistent with the Equivalence Principle only if the Lagrangian and the constraints are preserved not only by the gauge transformations but also by an additional family of transformations, called pseudo-translations. Explicit expressions of pseudo-translations and of their action on gravitational gauge fields are given. They are expected to be useful for geometric interpretations of their analogues in supergravity theories.
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Mitra, P. „Chiral gauge theories and non-abelian analogues of axions“. Nuclear Physics B 978 (Mai 2022): 115743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2022.115743.
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Пантелеев, В. И., und А. В. Малеев. „DETERMINATION OF WIRE SWING BOOM OF OVERHEAD POWER TRANSMISSION LINES IN ICE FORMATION MONITORING DEVICE BASED ON PHYSICAL SIMULATION RESULTS“. Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, Nr. 2(36) (30.04.2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2021.36.2.009.
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Стрела провеса является важным параметром для безопасной эксплуатации воздушных линий электропередачи и может быть использована в качестве одного из основополагающих критериев анализа интенсивности гололедообразования. В данной статье рассматривается возможность определения стрелы провеса при закреплении на одном из проводов фазы датчика, измеряющего угол между проводом и плоскостью земли в непосредственной близости от опоры. Для формализации эмпирической зависимости был проведен натурный эксперимент, моделирующий физические свойства провеса провода ВЛ, размещенного на опорах. Обработка полученных данных и аппроксимация эмпирической функции была реализована в среде MATLAB. После обработки данных была получена эмпирическая функция, которая может быть использована в автономных системах мониторинга для контроля стрелы провеса провода. Автономное устройство мониторинга гололедной обстановки на проводах ВЛ, разработанное авторами, для которого была найдена рассматриваемая эмпирическая зависимость, позволяет следить за интенсивностью гололедообразования, а также контролировать массу гололедных отложений и среднюю толщину стенки гололеда. Информация о гололедной обстановке передается на диспетчерский пункт посредством GSM модема. Увеличение интенсивности гололедных отложений вызывает увеличение стрелы провеса провода, относительно его колебаний, обусловленных технологическими параметрами, поэтому система мониторинга гололеда включающая анализ угла провеса провода является аналогом тензометрических датчиков тяжения, но не требует реконструкции ВЛ и отключения последней на время модернизации. Устройство оборудовано также дополнительными датчиками, что позволяет увеличить вероятность правильного обнаружения опасной гололедной обстановки. The sagging boom is an important parameter for the safe operation of overhead power lines and can be used as one of the fundamental criteria for the analysis of ice formation intensity. This article discusses the possibility of determining the sagging boom when a sensor phase is fixed to one of the wires, which measures the angle between the wire and the ground plane in the immediate vicinity of the support. To formalize empirical dependence, a full-scale experiment was conducted that simulates the physical properties of the LL wire held on supports. The processing of the obtained data and the approximation of the empirical function were implemented in the MATLAB environment. After processing the data, an empirical function was obtained that can be used in autonomous monitoring systems to control the wire sagging boom.An Autonomous device for monitoring the ice situation on the overhead lines, developed by the authors, for which the empirical dependence was found, al-lows to monitor the intensity of ice formation, as well as to control the mass of ice deposits and the average thickness of the ice wall. Information about the ice condi-tions is transferred to the control station via GSM modem. An autonomous device for monitoring the ice situation on VL wires, developed by the authors, for which the considered empirical dependence was found, allows you to monitor the intensity of ice formation, as well as control the mass of ice deposits and the average thickness of the ice wall. Ice information is transmitted to the control room via the GSM modem. Increasing the intensity of icy deposits causes an increase in the wire sag boom relative to its fluctuations due to process parameters, therefore, the ice monitoring system including analysis of the wire sag angle is an analogue of strain gauges, but does not require reconstruction of the VL and disconnection of the latter during modernization. The device is also equipped with additional sensors, which increases the probability of correct detection of a dangerous ice situation.
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Gao, Xiang, C. Adam Schlosser, Paul A. O’Gorman, Erwan Monier und Dara Entekhabi. „Twenty-First-Century Changes in U.S. Regional Heavy Precipitation Frequency Based on Resolved Atmospheric Patterns“. Journal of Climate 30, Nr. 7 (April 2017): 2501–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0544.1.
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Precipitation-gauge observations and atmospheric reanalysis are combined to develop an analogue method for detecting heavy precipitation events based on prevailing large-scale atmospheric conditions. Combinations of atmospheric variables for circulation (geopotential height and wind vector) and moisture (surface specific humidity, column and up to 500-hPa precipitable water) are examined to construct analogue schemes for the winter [December–February (DJF)] of the “Pacific Coast California” (PCCA) region and the summer [June–August (JJA)] of the Midwestern United States (MWST). The detection diagnostics of analogue schemes are calibrated with 1979–2005 and validated with 2006–14 NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). All analogue schemes are found to significantly improve upon MERRA precipitation in characterizing the occurrence and interannual variations of observed heavy precipitation events in the MWST. When evaluated with the late twentieth-century climate model simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), all analogue schemes produce model medians of heavy precipitation frequency that are more consistent with observations and have smaller intermodel discrepancies than model-based precipitation. Under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the CMIP5-based analogue schemes produce trends in heavy precipitation occurrence through the twenty-first century that are consistent with model-based precipitation, but with smaller intermodel disparity. The median trends in heavy precipitation frequency are positive for DJF over PCCA but are slightly negative for JJA over MWST. Overall, the analyses highlight the potential of the analogue as a powerful diagnostic tool for model deficiencies and its complementarity to an evaluation of heavy precipitation frequency based on model precipitation alone.
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ISIDRO, JOSÉ M. „QUANTUM MECHANICS AS A SPONTANEOUSLY BROKEN GAUGE THEORY ON A U(1) GERBE“. International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 05, Nr. 02 (März 2008): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887808002722.
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Any quantum-mechanical system possesses a U(1) gerbe naturally defined on configuration space. Acting on Feynman's kernel exp(iS/ħ), this U(1) symmetry allows one to arbitrarily pick the origin for the classical action S, on a point-by-point basis on configuration space. This is equivalent to the statement that quantum mechanics is a U(1) gauge theory. Unlike Yang–Mills theories, however, the geometry of this gauge symmetry is not given by a fibre bundle, but rather by a gerbe. Since this gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken, an analogue of the Higgs mechanism must be present. We prove that a Heisenberg-like noncommutativity for the space coordinates is responsible for the breaking. This allows to interpret the noncommutativity of space coordinates as a Higgs mechanism on the quantum-mechanical U(1) gerbe.
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Crewther, R. J. „Genuine Dilatons in Gauge Theories“. Universe 6, Nr. 7 (10.07.2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6070096.
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A genuine dilaton σ allows scales to exist even in the limit of exact conformal invariance. In gauge theories, these may occur at an infrared fixed point (IRFP) α IR through dimensional transmutation. These large scales at α IR can be separated from small scales produced by θ μ μ , the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. For quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the conformal limit can be combined with chiral S U ( 3 ) × S U ( 3 ) symmetry to produce chiral-scale perturbation theory χ PT σ , with f 0 ( 500 ) as the dilaton. The technicolor (TC) analogue of this is crawling TC: at low energies, the gauge coupling α goes directly to (but does not walk past) α IR , and the massless dilaton at α IR corresponds to a light Higgs boson at α ≲ α IR . It is suggested that the W ± and Z 0 bosons set the scale of the Higgs boson mass. Unlike crawling TC, in walking TC, θ μ μ produces all scales, large and small, so it is hard to argue that its “dilatonic” candidate for the Higgs boson is not heavy.
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Cerini, Raimondo, Alain Braillon, Antoine Hadengue, Abraham Koshy, Samuel S. Lee und Didier Lebrec. „Somatostatin Analogue Improves Survival in Conscious Cirrhotic Rats Subjected to Gastrointestinal Bleeding“. Clinical Science 77, Nr. 1 (01.07.1989): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0770007.
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1. The continuing doubt concerning the value of vasoconstrictive therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding may be related to the complexity of clinical trials in such a situation. 2. The effect of SM 201–995, a somatostatin analogue, was investigated in conscious cirrhotic rats before, during and after experimental bleeding from the portal territory. 3. Before haemorrhage, somatostatin analogue (8 μg h−1 kg−1 body weight, intravenously) produced a significant decrease in portal pressure (17%), whereas a placebo (saline) lacked significant effect. 4. The rats were then subjected to spontaneous bleeding, by disconnection of the portal catheter from the pressure gauge, for a 5 min period. At the end of the haemorrhage, haemodynamic parameters did not significantly differ between the group receiving somatostatin analogue and that receiving placebo. 5. Fifteen minutes after the end of the bleeding period, portal pressure was significantly lower in rats receiving somatostatin analogue [8.5 ± 0.5 mmHg (1.13 ± 0.07 kPa), mean ± sem] than in rats receiving placebo [11.0 ± 1.1 mmHg (1.50 ± 0.15 kPa)]. 6. The volume of blood lost and mortality were significantly lower in the group treated with somatostatin analogue (2.3 ± 0.1 ml/100 g body weight and 8%, respectively) than in the group receiving placebo (3.0 ± 0.1 ml/100 g body weight and 50%, respectively). 7. These results demonstrate, in an experimental model, the beneficial effect of somatostatin analogue for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension. They suggest that administration of this substance should be started as soon as possible after the beginning of haemorrhage and continued after the cessation of bleeding.
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BAZAVOV, ALEXEI, BERND A. BERG und ALEXANDER VELYTSKY. „EVOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE FACTORS IN PURE SU(N) LATTICE GAUGE THEORY AND EFFECTIVE SPIN MODELS“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, Nr. 15 (20.06.2005): 3459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05026777.
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We consider model A dynamics for a quench from the disordered into the ordered phase of SU (3) lattice gauge theory and the analogue 3d 3-state Potts model. For the gauge model this corresponds to a rapid heating from the confined to the deconfined phase. The exponential growth factors of low-lying structure function modes are numerically calculated. The linear theory of spinodal decomposition is used to determine the critical modes. This allows for the Debye screening mass estimation in an effective phenomeno-logical model. The quench leads to competing vacuum domains, which make the equilibration of the QCD vacuum after the heating non-trivial. The influence of such domains on the gluonic energy density is studied.
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Okayama, Tsutomu. „Precision Temperature Compensation Algorithm for Semiconductor Strain Gauge Bridge by Analogue Technique“. IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 114, Nr. 1 (1994): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.114.1_56.
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Mielke, Eckehard W. „Analogue of the witten effect in the poincaré gauge theory of gravity“. Physics Letters A 110, Nr. 2 (Juli 1985): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(85)90325-1.
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Trautwein, Samuel. „Convergence of the Yang–Mills–Higgs flow on Gauged Holomorphic maps and applications“. International Journal of Mathematics 29, Nr. 04 (April 2018): 1850024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x18500246.
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The symplectic vortex equations admit a variational description as global minimum of the Yang–Mills–Higgs functional. We study its negative gradient flow on holomorphic pairs [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a connection on a principal [Formula: see text]-bundle [Formula: see text] over a closed Riemann surface [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an equivariant map into a Kähler Hamiltonian [Formula: see text]-manifold. The connection [Formula: see text] induces a holomorphic structure on the Kähler fibration [Formula: see text] and we require that [Formula: see text] descends to a holomorphic section of this fibration. We prove a Łojasiewicz type gradient inequality and show uniform convergence of the negative gradient flow in the [Formula: see text]-topology when [Formula: see text] is equivariantly convex at infinity with proper moment map, [Formula: see text] is holomorphically aspherical and its Kähler metric is analytic. As applications we establish several results inspired by finite dimensional GIT: First, we prove a certain uniqueness property for the critical points of the Yang–Mills–Higgs functional which is the analogue of the Ness uniqueness theorem. Second, we extend Mundet’s Kobayashi–Hitchin correspondence to the polystable and semistable case. The arguments for the polystable case lead to a new proof in the stable case. Third, in proving the semistable correspondence, we establish the moment–weight inequality for the vortex equation and prove the analogue of the Kempf existence and uniqueness theorem.
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Garofano, John. „Historical Analogies and the Use of Force“. Journal of Cold War Studies 6, Nr. 2 (April 2004): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039704773254777.
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Using a recent book by Jeffrey Record as a point of departure, this essay considers the role of historical analogies in decisions by U.S. leaders to use force during the Cold War. The analogies considered by Record those of Munich and Vietnam may have had a bearing on some decisions, but it is often difficult to assess their relative weight compared to other critical variables. Moreover, several analogies not considered by Record Pearl Harbor, for example may have been far more salient during certain crises than the analogies he examines. In any case, we need a more systematic analysis of historical analogies than Record provides if we are to gauge the real influence and impact of historical analogies on the Cold War.
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GUPTA, SAURABH, und R. P. MALIK. „A NOTE ON THE (ANTI-)BRST INVARIANT LAGRANGIAN DENSITIES FOR THE FREE ABELIAN 2-FORM GAUGE THEORY“. Modern Physics Letters A 25, Nr. 28 (14.09.2010): 2457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310033323.
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We show that the previously known off-shell nilpotent [Formula: see text] and absolutely anticommuting (sb sab + sab sb = 0) Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin (BRST) transformations (sb) and anti-BRST transformations (sab) are the symmetry transformations of the appropriate Lagrangian densities of a four (3+1)-dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form gauge theory which do not explicitly incorporate a very specific constrained field condition through a Lagrange multiplier 4D vector field. The above condition, which is the analogue of the Curci–Ferrari restriction of the non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory, emerges from the Euler–Lagrange equations of motion of our present theory and ensures the absolute anticommutativity of the transformations s(a)b. Thus, the coupled Lagrangian densities, proposed in our present investigation, are aesthetically more appealing and more economical.
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Sevostyanov, A. „An analogue of the operator curl for nonabelian gauge groups and scattering theory“. Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 39, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2007): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/bdm100.
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