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Thompson, Ralph Richard James. „Cognitive and behavioural indicators of animal and human emotion“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684361.
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Emotions guide action in the light of evolutionary imperatives, and provide subjective meaning to experiences and events. The extent to which the range of emotional responses familiar to humans is shared with other species is unclear. This thesis aimed to further the comparative understanding of emotional states, and seek new tools for research into subjective emotion. This was achieved using experiments aimed at exploring induced emotional states in animals, including humans. Firstly, a novel test of anxiety-like affect was developed for three-spined sticklebacks. Based on scototaxis (dark preference) and novel tank diving, the successful use of this test indicates potential future utility across a range of fish species. It was used, along with open-field and novel-object tests, to assess sticklebacks' emotional responses to handling stress. These tests showed reduced preference for dark and deep areas of the tank, and reduced distance from the novel-object, following handling with a net rather than a scoop. Results indicate for the first time that acute stress can have an anxiolytic effect on fish. Handling stress was further used as an affect manipulation in development of a novel cognitive-bias test for fish. Human experiments explored potential mechanisms for manipulating cognitive and subjective components of mood independently. Evidence for an impact of viewing triangles of differing orientation was found on explicitly stated, but not implicitly measured, emotion. A test of facial interpretive bias was used along with subjective report to examine the effect of unpredictable (compared to predictable) sound presentation on anxiety. This found inconsistent effects on both cognitive bias and felt emotion, indicating that they are similarly sensitive to low level affect. The effects that were found included sex differences with greater responses in female participants. Results are discussed in relation to future work which could be carried out to distinguish conscious and nonconscious emotion.
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D'Ingeo, Serenella. „Laterality, heart rate and EEG as measurements of animal welfare in dogs and horses“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B010/document.
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Le bien-être animal est considéré un phénomène multidimensionnel basé sur les conditions et les expériences de vie de chaque individu, et lié aux fonctions organiques et à la sensibilité de l’individu même. L’étude des émotions animales est complexe mais les hypothèses sur leurs états émotifs peuvent être formulées sur la base de mesures neurophysiologiques, comportementales et cognitives. Des études récentes ont montré que la latéralité cérébrale et comportementale, la fréquence cardiaque et l'activité cérébrale (mesurée par électroencéphalographie sont des paramètres qui permettent d’évaluer la perception de la valence et du niveau stimulant des émotions chez l’animal et l'Homme. Le but principal de ce projet de thèse était d’étudier la perception que les chiens et les chevaux ont du contenu émotionnel des signaux humains et l’impact potentiel que peuvent avoir ces signaux sur l’état émotionnel de ces animaux et par conséquent sur leur bien-être. Dans ce but, nous avons présenté à ces animaux des stimuli exprimant diverses émotions. Nous avons utilisé une approche intégrée combinant l’analyse de la latéralité comportementale, de la fréquence cardiaque, de l’activité cérébrale et du comportement des sujets afin de répondre à 2 questions: 1) les chiens et les chevaux perçoivent-ils le contenu émotionnel des signaux humains? 2) Les chiens et les chevaux attribuent-ils une valence et une intensité différentes selon les émotions humaines perçues. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse montrent que les chiens et les chevaux traitent différemment les signaux émotionnels en fonction de leur valence et de leur intensité. La perception de la voix de l'homme par le cheval est modulée par la valence des interactions homme-cheval antérieures et par les conditions de vie des chevaux. En ce qui concerne les chiens, nos résultats montrent qu’ils discriminent et perçoivent les émotions contenues dans les signaux visuels, auditifs et olfactifs humains différemment, et nous fournissent de nouvelles connaissances sur le fonctionnement émotionnel du cerveau du chien. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse apportent un cadre théorique pour définir des paramètres utiles à l'évaluation du bien-être animalAnimal welfare is considered to be a multidimensional phenomenon based upon life experiences and conditions, characterized by how an individual feels and functions. The study of emotions in animals is difficult but assumptions of emotional states are usually derived from neurophysiological, behavioral and cognitive measurements. Recent literature shows that cerebral and behavioral laterality, cardiac activity and brain activity (measured by electroencephalography) are suitable parameters to examine animals’ and human emotional processing along the valence and arousal dimensions. The main aim of the present research project was to investigate dogs and horses perception of the emotional content of human signals that potentially affects animals’ affective state and welfare. An integrated approach combining the analysis of behavioral lateralization, cardiac and brain activity, and subjects’ behavior was applied in order to answer to the following questions: 1) Do dogs and horses perceive the different emotional content of human signals? 2) Do dogs and horses attribute a different valence and intensity to the human emotions perceived? Overall, the results of this thesis project demonstrate that dogs and horses process differently emotional signals according to their valence and intensity. In particular, horses perception of a human voice is modulated by the valence of the prior horse-human interactions and by subjects’ living conditions. As for dogs, results demonstrate that they discriminate and perceive differently the emotional content of human visual, auditory and olfactory signals, providing new insights into the emotional functioning of the canine brain. The current research offers a theoretical framework for defining useful parameters to evaluate animal welfare
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Roemer, Denise L. „Women Animal Foster Care Workers: An Ecofeminist Critique“. [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000473.
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Kabus, Kordian Dominik [Verfasser], Herbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Dawid und Hans J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Markowitsch. „Animal spirits. An economic theory of emotion / Kordian Dominik Kabus ; Herbert Dawid, Hans J. Markowitsch“. Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123729115/34.
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Kollareth, Dolichan. „On the emotions linked to morality“. Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108040.
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Thesis advisor: James A. RussellTheories in moral psychology propose a link between emotions and moral judgments. This dissertation presents a series of studies examining whether different discrete emotions are each linked to a different discrete moral content. Some of the studies tested a proposal called CAD: an acronym for the theory that contempt is linked to violations in the community domain (C), anger is linked to violations in the autonomy domain (A), and disgust is linked to violations in the divinity domain (D). Other studies further focused on the emotion disgust: Whether acts or issues that remind humans of their animal nature elicit disgust and whether the English concept of disgust refers to a single emotional experience pan-culturally. In most of the studies we recruited participants both from America and from India (N = 3893). The findings challenged any clean mappings between different discrete emotions and different contents of moral violations. Instead, moral violations were associated with a range of negative emotions rather than with a specific one. There was no support for the hypothesis that acts or issues that remind us of our animal nature elicit disgust, and the English concept disgust, as referring to unclean substances and moral violations, is equivalent to similar concepts in two Indian languages
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
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Souza, Val?ria Fernandes de. „D?ficits de mem?ria induzidos por baixas doses de reserpina em ratos: poss?vel rela??o com preju?zos no processamento emocional na Doen?a de Parkinson“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17255.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-03We have recently verified that the monoamine depleting drug reserpine at doses that do not modify motor function - impairs memory in a rodent model of aversive discrimination. In this study, the effects of reserpine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) on the performance of rats in object recognition, spatial working memory (spontaneous alternation) and emotional memory (contextual freezing conditioning) tasks were investigated. While object recognition and spontaneous alternation behavior were not affected by reserpine treatment, contextual fear conditioning was impaired. Together with previous studies, these results suggest that mild monoamine depletion would preferentially induce deficits in tasks involved with emotional contexts. Possible relationships with cognitive and emotional processing deficits in Parkinson disease are discussed
Recentemente verificamos que a administra??o de reserpina (que causa deple??o de monoaminas) em doses que n?o afetam a fun??o motora, levou a preju?zos na mem?ria em roedores submetidos ? tarefa de esquiva discriminativa. Em conjunto com dados da literatura, esses resultados sugerem que o efeito amn?sico da reserpina em ratos pode ser uma abordagem adequada para o estudo dos sintomas cognitivos da doen?a de Parkinson. No presente estudo, foram investigados os efeitos da reserpina (0,1 - 0,5 mg/Kg) no desempenho de ratos no reconhecimento de objetos, na mem?ria operacional espacial (alterna??o espont?nea) e na mem?ria emocional (condicionamento contextual de medo). O reconhecimento de objetos e a alterna??o espont?nea n?o foram afetados pelo tratamento com reserpina, ao contr?rio do condicionamento contextual de medo, que foi prejudicado. Associados a estudos pr?vios, esses resultados sugerem que uma deple??o moderada de monoaminas pode eferencialmente induzir d?ficits em tarefas que envolvem contextos emocionais. Dessa forma, ? poss?vel que haja uma rela??o entre d?ficits cognitivos e processamento emocional na doen?a de Parkinson
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Delahaye, Pauline. „Étude sémiotique des émotions complexes animales : des signes pour le dire“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040086.
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Cette thèse a pour objet la création d’un modèle théorique à destination de l’éthologie se présentant sous forme de grilles de lecture et de collection d’outils issus de la linguistique et de la sémiotique humaines. La finalité de ce modèle est de permettre l’étude zoosémiotique des émotions complexes au sein du règne animal. Il s’agit d’un travail pluridisciplinaire, interdisciplinaire et interthéoriciste, employant un corpus multimodal composé à la fois de textes théoriques linguistiques, d’études éthologiques et de supports multimédias, notamment des supports vidéo. Ce travail a été pensé dans un contexte d’absence de modèle théorique interdisciplinaire permettant l’étude de l’émotion animale, dans le but de permettre aux domaines des sciences du vivant et des sciences du langage de collaborer. Pour ce faire, il élabore tout d’abord un cadre théorique complet permettant une bonne entente des deux disciplines et revient sur tous les aspects essentiels (histoire, lexique, courant, idéologie, controverse). Par la suite, il présente le modèle théorique en explicitant sa construction et en donnant des exemples d’application. Dans la dernière partie la théorie est mise à l’épreuve par confrontation avec les données déjà existantes et approuvées par les éthologues. Cette partie permet de lister les forces et faiblesses du modèle, ainsi que les pistes de recherche, d’application et de réflexion qu’il ouvre au sujet de la sensibilité et de l’émotion animalesThis PhD thesis’ object is the creation of a theoretical model for ethology. It is made of a collection of linguistics and human semiotics tools, organized into reading grids. This model’s aim is to allow the zoosemiotic study of complex emotions in animal kingdom. It’s a pluridisciplinary, interdisciplinary and intertheorist work with a multimodal corpus – including theoretical linguistics texts, ethology studies and multimedia contents, like videos. This work was created in a context of lack of interdisciplinary theoretical model. It was conceived with the aim of allow collaboration between life sciences and language sciences. To do so, we start first by building a complete theoretical frame for a good understanding between both disciplines. It goes over every main aspects – history, lexicology, schools, ideology, argument. Then, the theoretical model is introduced by explicating its construction and giving application examples. In the last part of the thesis, the theoretical model is tested by confrontation with existing and approved by ethologists datas. This part allows us to present strengths and weakness of the model – as well as lines of thought, research and application it opens
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Destrez, Alexandra. „Accumulation d'émotions et modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des fonctions cognitives chez les ovins“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798018.
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La question du bien-être de l'animal ne se pose que si on lui reconnaît le statut d'être sensible, capable de ressentir des émotions. Les émotions dépendent de processus cognitifs qu'entreprend l'animal pour évaluer son environnement. Pour comprendre le passage des émotions à un état de bien-être, nous avons étudié si ces processus cognitifs peuvent être biaisés par les émotions, lesquelles en retour seraient modulées durablement. Un modèle de stress chronique a été développé sur ovins : des agnelles sont exposées de manière répétée à des évènements aversifs, imprévisibles et incontrôlables. L'altération des systèmes neuroendocriniens et la potentialisation de la réactivité émotionnelle confirment que les agnelles ont développé un stress. Ensuite, l'effet de ce stress chronique sur les processus d'évaluation a été exploré : les agnelles stressées montrent une évaluation négative et des déficits d'apprentissage. Enfin, nous avons cherché à savoir si l'induction répétée d'émotions positives chez des agnelles stressées peut contrecarrer les biais d'évaluation négative induits par le stress. Elles évaluent de manière plus positive les événements ambigus que les agnelles uniquement stressées. L'accumulation d'émotions négatives peut conduire l'animal à développer une perception pessimiste de son environnement et une anhédonie, qui contribuent à auto-entretenir l'état de stress. La réduction d'anhédonie après induction répétée d'émotions positives montre que des stratégies cognitivo-comportementales sont envisageables pour corriger un stress. Bien qu'analytiques, ces travaux contribuent à la conception de pratiques d'élevage innovantes améliorant la qualité de vie des animaux.
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Greiveldinger, Lucile. „Processus d'évaluation et réponses émotionnelles chez les ovins : prévisibilité, contrôlabilité, correspondance aux attentes et contexte social“. Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718313.
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Le bien-être animal implique l'état physique mais également l'état mental. Les théories de l'évaluation en psychologie cognitive offrent un cadre conceptuel pour étudier le vécu émotionnel de l'animal qui est inféré de l'évaluation qu'il fait de la situation à laquelle il est confronté, de ses réponses comportementales et physiologiques. Les critères en fonction desquels les animaux évaluent leur environnement doivent être connus afin d'en déduire les émotions qu'ils pourraient ressentir. Nous avons montré que les ovins évaluent un événement en fonction : 1) de sa prévisibilité ; 2) de son adéquation avec les attentes préalablement construites ; 3) de la possibilité qu'ils ont de le contrôler ; 4) du contexte social (dominance/subordination) dans lequel il se produit. Ainsi, les ovins pourraient ressentir des émotions négatives telles que la peur, la colère, ou l'ennui, et des émotions positives comme le plaisir
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Tietjen, Holli Marie. „The physical and emotional benefits of companion animals“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4403.
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Elderly people are at high risk for conditions associated with inactivity, and lack
of motivation is an important factor contributing to this inactivity. It is believed that a dog
can provide the necessary motivation to get a senior citizen up and moving because it
needs attention as well as someone to feed it and take it for walks. The objective of this
five-week prospective cohort study was to determine if registered therapy dogs made
available for informal visits to a cohort of retirement community elderly would motivate
the subjects to increase their activity levels by comparing the number of steps taken in the
presence of the exposure (opportunity to visit with dog) versus steps taken when
unexposed (no opportunity to visit with dog). A secondary objective was to measure
possible improvements in mental and physical health scores over the course of the study.
The steps were measured each week with a pedometer and the happiness and depression
scores were obtained through a questionnaire given at the beginning and at the end of the
study. Twenty subjects agreed to participate, and there was an increasing trend in the
number of steps over calendar weeks, but not an increase with exposure level (number of
dog-visits). Happiness (p = .53) and depression (p = .083) scores did not significantly
change during the study. Increased step counts each week may have been associated with other motivating factors such as competition among residents and individual desire to
achieve higher counts each week.
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Pastori, Erica Onzi. „Perto e longe do coração selvagem : um estudo antropológico sobre animais de estimação em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71932.
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Esta dissertação investiga transformações contemporâneas em práticas e costumes de donos nas relações com seus animais de estimação. Nas últimas décadas, os animais têm passado por uma modificação de estatuto (LEWGOY et alli, 2011; PIETTE, 2002), sendo transformados em sujeitos na relação com os humanos. Para investigarmos tal processo, que tem sido denominado de “humanização” dos animais de estimação, realizamos esta pesquisa por meio de metodologia etnográfica, cuja observação participante mais prolongada foi desenvolvida numa clínica veterinária de Porto Alegre. A partir dos dados construídos em campo, produzimos este exercício por meio de uma antropologia das relações entre humanos e animais, através de uma aproximação teórica maior à obra do etnólogo francês Jean-Pierre Digard, na interface das antropologias das emoções, econômica e do corpo e da saúde animal. Desta maneira, temos um painel etnográfico que se volta para as transformações contemporâneas das relações entre humanos e animais. Verificamos uma íntima relação entre o discurso do “amor incondicional”, que os donos afirmam receber de seus animais de estimação, e o crescimento do mercado pet, sendo uma de suas principais dimensões o mercado de saúde animal, do qual os médicos veterinários são integrantes. Percebemos em campo uma tendência acentuada de tradução (LATOUR, 1994) da medicina humana para a veterinária, com crescimento das especialidades médico-veterinárias, integrando o processo de humanização dos pets. Finalmente, constatamos a “pediatrização” e a “geriatrização” dos pets, que acompanham as distintas fases da vida dos animais de estimação.This dissertation investigates contemporary changes in practices and habits of pet owners in dealing with their pets. In recent decades, animals have undergone a change of statute (LEWGOY et alli, 2011; PIETTE, 2002), being transformed into subjects in their relation with humans. In order to investigate this process – which has been termed ‘humanization’ of pets –, we have conducted this research through an ethnographic methodology where the participant observation was carried out for a longer period in a veterinary clinic in Porto Alegre. Starting from the data constructed in the field, we have produced this exercise through Anthropology of the Relationship between Humans and Animals via a theoretical approach of the work of the greatest French ethnologist Jean-Pierre Digard in the interface of Anthropology of Emotions, Economy and the Animal’s Body and Health. In this way, we have an ethnographic panel that turns itself to the transformations of contemporary relationships between humans and animals. We have verified a close relationship between the discourses of ‘unconditional love’ – which the owners claim they get from their pets – and the growth of the Pet Market, being one of its main dimensions of the Animal Health Market – which veterinarians are members. We have noticed an increasing tendency in the field of translation (LATOUR, 1994) in human medicine to veterinary medicine with the growth of medical and veterinary specialties, integrating the process of humanization of pets. Finally, we have noticed a ‘pediatricszation’ and ‘geriatricszation’ of pets that accompany the different life stages of them.
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Davies, Keith. „Emotional dissonance among UK animal technologists : evidence, impact and management implications“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3086.
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The care and welfare of laboratory animals born, nurtured and experimented upon within a research facility is the primary function for animal technologists. While discharging these responsibilities the emotional needs of the carers require consideration, balancing their perceptions of animal care against the purpose for which the animals exist. As little published information is available on the emotional challenges faced by UK animal technologists, this thesis redresses the balance, exploring the subject in detail through qualitative and quantitative methods. Emotional dissonance, often expressed as felt emotion versus enacted emotion, is a negative output from Emotional Labour. Animal technologists operate in a service environment and the results demonstrate that they ‘act’ under duress and self-regulate which emotions to display. Using exploratory factor analysis the results illustrate two key drivers on felt and enacted emotions. These include internal elements associated with daily tasks elements such as euthanasia and external factors such as budgets over which they have little or no control. Emotional dissonance is shown to occur within various employment grades. Resultant emotions include, guilt, shame and sadness. These can lead to affects upon job satisfaction propagating feelings of workplace alienation, isolation and fear, particularly from antivivisectionist organisations. When organisational support was not forthcoming or lacked empathy, individuals deployed various coping methods. This demonstrates both management and organisational implications including gender, educational attainment and whether a person has staff supervision responsibilities. Observations drawn through both qualitative and quantitative research clearly signpost a spectrum of indicators of emotional dissonance leading to individual, managerial and organisational theoretical implications. In doing so, emotion knowledge has been increased on a previously under researched occupational sector existing within a largely secretive environment. The research on a hitherto largely unknown employment grouping provides insights that had previously existed only mainly in anecdotal ways. The results provide strong evidence to further support existing research demonstrating how roles with significant emotional components directly impact upon individuals and the organisations that employ them.
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Augustsson, Hanna. „Ethoexperimental studies of behaviour in wild and laboratory mice : risk assessment, emotional reactivity and animal welfare /“. Uppsala : Dept. of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/v174.pdf.
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Delgado-Mata, Carlos. „Emotion signalling in multiple intelligent virtual agents for believable artifical animals“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401977.
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Ackelman, Emma. „Cognitive Judgement Bias as an Indicator for Animal Welfare“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166576.
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Animal welfare has long been a subject under debate. Since animals are unable to voice concerns about their living standards it is of interest to find other ways to secure their wellbeing. A new measurement has been introduced where animals’ own judgement can act as an indicator for their emotional state and welfare. This study summarizes key elements from previous literature and research in order to explain the connection between welfare and judgement bias. Emotions have been defined as either an observable reaction to a stimulus or a subjective conscious experience of the stimulus. The second has been difficult to assess in animals since they cannot vocalise their own interpretations, hence emotions in animals are assessed based on the first definition. The study of animal welfare is in short the study of animal’s judgement of the world, which in turn indicate how animals feel. Cognitive judgement bias has been defined as whether an animal assess an ambiguous stimulus as negative or positive, a common method used to demonstrate this concept is the go no-go method. Animals learn to discriminate between two stimuli and is then presented with an ambiguous stimulus. The response to the ambiguous stimulus is recorded and determine if the animal is optimistic or pessimistic in its judgement. Research has been rather successful in determining factors which can affect animal welfare, opening up for deeper discussions concerning animal cognition, awareness and their effect on welfare, but further refinements are required to assess the influence of judgement bias.
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Jakobsson, Mikaela, und Sofie Heinered. „Stallet - En emotionellt laddad miljö : En kvalitativ studie om ridskoleryttares och privatryttares emotioner i stallet“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72892.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur människor emotionellt påverkas av att befinna sig i stall utifrån de relationer och interaktioner som förekommer där, både människor emellan men också mellan människa-häst. Som en del av syftet jämförs ridskoleryttare och privatryttares emotioner. Syftet besvarades genom tre frågeställningar (1) Vilka positiva emotioner framhålls av intervjupersonerna? (2) Vilka negativa emotioner framhålls av intervjupersonerna? (3) Finns det en skillnad när det gäller vilka emotioner som beskrivs av ridskole- respektive privatryttarna? Vi valde att använda oss av kvalitativ metod. Intervjuerna har genomförts både med personer som rider på ridskola och personer som har egen häst inackorderad i privatstall. Totalt sett har tretton personer intervjuats. I analysen användes sociologiska och socialpsykologiska teorier om emotioner, roller, makt och grupprocesser. Resultatet visar att intervjupersonerna framhåller både positiva och negativa emotioner av att befinna sig i stall. Det framgår att intervjupersonerna känner en stark gemenskap i stallet men också att det sker en form av mobbning. Det finns vissa beteenden i stallet som skapar konflikter och irritation som bidrar till en sämre gemenskap. Resultatet visar vidare att det finns flera upplevelser av ridlärare och stallägare där både positiva och negativa emotioner nämns. Det framgår också av intervjupersonerna att det upplevs finnas hierarkiska ordningar där vissa grupper i stallet har mer makt och/eller status än andra grupper. Interaktionen mellan människa och häst upplevs också både positiv och negativ. Det tolkas finnas skillnader i hur emotionerna beskrivs mellan ridskoleryttare och privatryttare gällande gemenskap, ledare och vilka grupper i stallet som har mer makt och/eller status.
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Parker, Richard M. A. „Cognitive bias as an indicator of emotional state in animals“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500448.
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Parker, Richard Munro Aubury. „Cognitive bias as an indicator of emotional states in animals“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f1664bcf-1826-4bb5-a99b-3665cf5bfb80.
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An important objective of animal welfare science is the development of indicators of putative subjective emotional (affective) states. To this end, Paul et al (2005) have proposed devising animal-based measures sensitive to changes in certain cognitive processes found to be biased in characteristic ways across affective state in humans. This thesis investigates the application of this approach. The first three experimental chapters examine judgements of ambiguous stimuli in rodents. In the first two of these studies, it was hypothesised that a treatment designed to induce a positive, or negative, change in affect would be associated with a higher, or lower, probability (respectively) of responding to ambiguous stimuli in a manner in keeping with a bias towards optimism; such biases, across affect, have been found in humans. These hypotheses were not supported, at least not in simple terms, with the results revealing counter-intuitive treatment effects, and variation in response accuracy and efficiency. In the last of these three experimental chapters, we applied a treatment designed to induce a change in food motivation. This altered rats' operant responses in a manner suggesting their behaviour was a least partly goal-directed, and also suggesting that the possibility of motivation-related confounds, when studying responses to ambiguity, was real. The final experimental chapter investigated affect-related biases in the foraging behaviour of domestic chicks. We hypothesised that chicks undergoing a treatment designed to induce a negative change in affect would attack fewer red crumbs (a colour commonly associated with aposematism), and more green crumbs, than a control group. We found the opposite: i. e. the former treatment group attacked significantly more red crumbs. This curious finding was reconciled with reference to the functional architecture of the attentional processes implicated in foraging behaviour. In the final chapter, the implications of these, and related, findings are discussed
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Carvajal, Cristina Celeste. „Neuropeptide Y (NPY) as a modulator of neuroplasticity and emotional behavior in animal models“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84016.
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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is considered an important neuromodulator in the regulation of emotional behavior. NPY consistently modulates anxiety-related behaviors and there is increasing support for a role for this peptide in mood disorders such as depression. There is also evidence that NPY promotes neuroplasticity in the central nervous system. Recent studies suggest that chronic depression is associated with neuronal loss and abnormalities in neuroplasticity (such as neurogenesis) in the hippocampus. Consequently, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the NPY Y1 and Y2 receptor subtypes in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors using NPY knockout and transgenic animals and to investigate the role of NPY as a neuroproliferative factor in hippocampal neurogenesis. The ability of NPY to induce changes in neurogenesis was assessed in NPY Y2 knockout mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats after chronic treatment with NPY.
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Bucher, Benoit Cyril Albert. „Underlying mechanisms and evolutionary roots of prosocial behaviors in non-human animals“. Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254500.
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Carreras, Ubach Ricard. „The cognitive bias test as a measure of emotional state in pigs“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392711.
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L'avaluació de les emocions és un dels principals objectius de la ciència del benestar animal. El test del biaix cognitiu (BC) s'ha proposat com una mesura per avaluar la valència (positiu vs. negatiu) i la intensitat de les emocions en animals i es basa en la premissa que els subjectes amb un estat emocional negatiu jutjaran un estímul ambigu més negativament que els subjectes amb un estat emocional positiu. L'objectiu del primer estudi va ser avaluar l'aplicabilitat i la consistència del test del BC (TBC) en porcs. Els resultats van mostrar que els porcs eren capaços d'aprendre la tasca de discriminació necessària per posteriorment realitzar el TBC. Malgrat tot, es va observar una inconsistència entre el TBC dut a terme en dos moments diferents. Aquest resultat suggereix que els porcs van canviar la percepció de l’estímul ambigu degut a la capacitat de recordar el resultat d’aquest estímul durant el segon TBC. Els objectius del segon estudi van ser 1) avaluar l’efecte del gènere i del genotip halotà en el BC (utilitzant el TBC) i en el nivell de por (utilitzant el test d’objecte novedós, TON), 2) avaluar la relació entre el BC i el nivell de por i 3) contrastar els resultats del TBC i els del TON amb les concentracions d’una sèrie de neurotransmissors. No es van trobar diferencies entre gèneres i genotips respecte el BC i respecte la por, però es va observar una correlació positiva entre els resultats del TBC i el TON, suggerint que la por juga un paper important en la presa de decisió. A més, els porcs amb més por van presentar concentracions més baixes de dopamina, constatant la relació entre aquest neurotransmissor i la resposta de por. Els objectius del tercer estudi van ser 1) avaluar l’efecte del maneig en el BC (avaluat pel TBC), en la por (avaluat per el TON) i en la resposta de cascada defensiva (avaluat per el test de cascada defensiva, TCD), 2) avaluar l’efecte del maneig en la concentració de cortisol en sèrum, saliva i pel i 3) avaluar la relació entre els testos de comportament (TBC, TON i TCD) i amb les concentracions de cortisol. No es van trobar diferencies entre porcs amb maneig positiu i negatiu respecte els testos de comportament i les concentracions de cortisol, suggerint que el maneig dut a terme no va ser prou intens o que les mesures utilitzades no eren valides o no prou sensibles per avaluar aquestes diferencies. Malgrat tot, es van trobar correlacions positives entre els resultats dels diferents testos de comportament constatant que factors individuals com ara el nivell de por o la motivació van tenir un efecte en l’estat afectiu dels porcs. El quart estudi realitzat tenia per objectiu avaluar l’efecte de les condicions d’allotjament en el TBC, en l’avaluació qualitativa de comportament (AQC), en la concentració sèrica de cortisol i en el número de ferides en les canals dels porcs. Els resultats van mostrar que els porcs allotjats en condicions enriquides tenien millors puntuacions en l’AQC, concentracions de cortisol sèric més baixes i un número més baix de ferides a la canal que els porcs criats en condicions empobrides. Malgrat tot, els resultats del TBC no van mostrar aquestes diferències suggerint que el test no és vàlid o prou sensible per detectar les alteracions emocionals en aquests porcs. En resum, és factible aplicar el TBC en porcs, ja que van realitzar correctament la tasca d’aprenentatge requerida, tot i així, el test no va presentar ni consistència ni validesa qüestionant-ne la utilitat per avaluar l’estat emocional en porcs.The assessment of animal emotions is a crucial goal in the study of animal welfare science. The cognitive bias (CB) test has been proposed as a measure to assess the valence (positive vs. negative) and the intensity of animal emotions and is based on the premise that subjects in negative emotional state will judge an ambiguous stimulus more negatively than subjects in positive emotional state. The aims of our first study were to assess the applicability and the consistency of the CB test (CBT) in pigs. Our results showed that pigs were able to learn the spatial discrimination task necessary to subsequently perform the CBT. However, there was lack of consistency between the responses of the CBT performed twice, leaving 5 weeks between them. This result suggests that pigs changed the perception of the ambiguous stimulus due to its ability to remember the outcome of the ambiguous stimulus during the second CBT or due to uncontrolled factors such as their age or hunger state over time. The aims of our second study were 1) to assess the effect of the gender and the halothane genotype on CB (using the CBT) and on the level of fear (using a novel object test, NOT), 2) to assess the relationship between the CB and the level of fear and 3) contrast the results of the CBT and the NOT with the concentrations of several brain neurotransmitters. No differences were found between genders and genotypes regarding the CB and regarding the level of fear but a positive correlation was found between the CBT and the NOT results, suggesting that fear plays an important role in the decision taken by the pig dealing with ambiguous stimuli. Moreover, more fearful pigs had lower concentration of dopamine on the prefrontal cortex, supporting the relationship between this neurotransmitter and the fear response. The aims of the third study were 1) to assess the effect of handling on the CB (assessed by a CBT), on the fear (assessed by NOT) and on the defence cascade response (assessed by the defence cascade test; DCT), 2) to assess the effect of handling on serum, saliva and hair cortisol concentration and 3) to assess the relationship between behavioural tests (CBT, NOT and DCT) and between these tests and cortisol concentrations. No differences between positive and negative handling were found regarding the behavioural tests and cortisol concentrations, suggesting that the handling treatment carried out was not powerful enough to induce such differences or that the measures used were not valid or not sensitive enough to assess such differences. Nevertheless, positive correlations were found between behavioural tests supporting that individual factors such as the fear level, the motivation or the coping style had an effect on pigs’ affective state. The fourth study carried out was aimed to assess the effect of housing conditions on the CBT, on the qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA), on the serum cortisol concentration and on the number of wounds on pigs’ carcass. The results showed that pigs raised in enriched housing conditions had better QBA scores, lower serum cortisol concentration and lower number of carcass lesions than pigs raised in barren housing conditions. However, the results of the CBT did not showed those differences suggesting that the test is not valid or not sufficiently sensitive to detect emotional variation in those pigs. In conclusion, is feasible to apply the CBT in pigs, as they performed correctly the required learning process, however, the test showed no consistency and no validity questioning its utility to assess the emotional state in pigs.
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Dow, Jamie P. G. „The role of emotion-arousal in Aristotle’s Rhetoric“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/501.
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The principal claim defended in this thesis is that for Aristotle arousing the emotions of others can amount to giving them proper grounds for conviction, and hence a skill in doing so is properly part of an expertise in rhetoric. We set out Aristotle’s view of rhetoric as exercised solely in the provision of proper grounds for conviction (pisteis) and show how he defends this controversial view by appeal to a more widely shared and plausible view of rhetoric’s role in the proper functioning of the state. We then explore in more detail what normative standards must be met for something to qualify as “proper grounds for conviction”, applying this to all three of Aristotle’s kinds of “technical proofs” (entechnoi pisteis). In the case of emotion, meeting these standards is a matter of arousing emotions that constitute the reasonable acceptance of premises in arguments that count in favour of the speaker’s conclusion. We then seek to show that Aristotle’s view of the emotions is compatible with this role. This involves opposing the view that in Rhetoric I.1 Aristotle rejects any role for emotion-arousal in rhetoric (a view that famously generates a contradiction with the rest of the treatise). It also requires rejecting the view of Rhetoric II.2-11 on which, for Aristotle, the distinctive outlook involved in emotions is merely how things “appear” to the subject.
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Street, Sidney. „Emotional Support Animals for College Students: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Costs?“ Otterbein University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbnhonors1620460726658427.
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Díaz, Boladeras Marta. „Bonding with Robotic Pets. Children’s Cognitions, Emotions and Behaviors towards Pet-Robots. Applications in a Robot Assisted Quality of Life Intervention in a Pediatric Hospital“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461537.
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This dissertation addresses the emergence of emotional involvement in the interaction with social robots. More specifically, we investigate the dynamics of children bonding with robotic pets to design robot based programs to improve patients’ experience in pediatric hospitals. Pet-robots are robots that mimic real pets as dogs or cats, both in appearance and in behavior. We assume that gaining understanding of the emotional dimension of children/pet-robots interaction would contribute to evaluate the impact of pet-robots in children’s lives, and to inform both robots’ design and robot-based applications for health and wellbeing.
First, this research presents a novel model of bonding with robotic pets inspired in the human-animal affiliation and particularly in child-dog relatedness, where bonding is envisaged as a process towards companionship that evolves through three stages –first impression, short-term interaction and lasting relationship- characterized by distinguishable patterns of behaviors, cognitions and feelings that can be identified and measured.
Secondly, a behavioral analysis of children interacting with the Pleo robot -a robotic pet shaped as a baby dinosaur-, with an emphasis on the interactional surface and particularly on the sequences of dyad’s reciprocal exchange is presented. The outcomes are twofold: the ethograms and coding schemes of Pleo’s and children’s behaviors and a higher level categorization of behaviors involved in bond forming that can be applied to other platforms and users.
Thirdly, a naturalistic study carried out in a pediatric hospital to observe the interactive practices with the Pleo robot in the wild and to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a Pleo-based intervention to accompany children is analyzed and discussed. Inspired on the beneficial effects of real pets’ company, the study consisted in an intensive ethnography, a systematic observation of a group play session and a follow-up case study of an experience of adopting a Pleo.
Our results show that the key mechanism driving bond forming is the robot’s capability to deploy credible attachment behaviors –proximity seeking and resource soliciting- that elicit complementary nurturing and play behaviors in children. Beyond the novelty effect, self-reinforcing processes as learning and evolution can keep children engaged in rewarding interaction with the robot over time. Moreover, Pleo’s versatility allows diverse modalities of interaction and individual and group play, satisfying different needs as company, technological curiosity, entertainment and social facilitation both for normatively developed children and for children with special needs and their families. In general, the introduction of robot-based play was regarded by the hospital professionals not only as compatible with their daily day practice but valuable as a regular resource to smooth children’s stay at the hospital.Aquesta tesi aborda el sorgiment de la implicació emocional en la interacció amb els robots socials. Més específicament, s'investiga la dinàmica de la afiliació dels nens amb les mascotes robòtiques – robots que evoquen els animals de companyia- per tal de dissenyar programes basats en robots per millorar l'experiència dels pacients en els hospitals pediàtrics. Considerem que investigar la dimensió emocional de la interacció nen/robots-mascota contribuirà a avaluar-ne el seu impacte en la vida del nens i nenes, i a informar el disseny d’aquests robots i de les aplicacions que se’n deriven per a la seva salut i benestar. A partir d’un model evolutiu original de vinculació nen-robot inspirat en la afiliació d'humans i animals - i més concretament, en la relació nen-gos- s’analitza el comportament de nens interactuant amb el robot Pleo –robot mascota en forma de nadó dinosaure-, amb un èmfasi en les seqüències d'intercanvi recíproc de la diada. Els resultats són de dos tipus: els etogrames del Pleo i dels nens, i una categorització conductual a més alt nivell, aplicables a altres plataformes i usuaris. A partir d’aquest estudi, s’analitza una experiència d’intervenció en un hospital pediàtric per observar les pràctiques interactives amb el robot Pleo, i per avaluar la viabilitat i l'eficàcia d'una intervenció basada en el Pleo per acompanyar els nens. Inspirat en els efectes beneficiosos de la companyia de mascotes reals, l'estudi va consistir en una etnografia, una anàlisi observacional d'una sessió de joc en grup amb el robot, i un estudi de cas longitudinal d'una experiència d’adopció d’un Pleo. Els resultats mostren que l’aspecte clau que impulsa la formació del vincle és la capacitat del robot per desplegar conductes d’aferrament creïbles –cerca de proximitat i sol·licitud de recursos- que provoquen comportaments complementaris de criança i joc en els nens, més enllà de l'efecte novetat. D'altra banda, la versatilitat de Pleo permet diverses modalitats d'interacció i joc, i satisfer diferents necessitats dels usuaris, com ara companyia, curiositat, entreteniment i facilitació social, també per nens i nenes amb necessitats especials i les seves famílies. En general, la introducció del joc basat en el robot va ser considerada pels professionals de l'hospital no només compatible amb la seva pràctica professional, sinó també com un recurs valuós per alleugerir l'estada dels nens a l'hospital.
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Marcet, Rius Miriam. „Physiological and behavioural indicators of positive animal welfare in pigs“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0013.
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Le premier pas pour assurer une bonne qualité de vie des animaux de production pourrait être la possibilité d’évaluer correctement leur bien-être. Pour cela, il serait essentiel de ne pas seulement inclure la détection de quelques problèmes de bien-être, mais aussi la détection des états de bienêtre positifs, comme l’émission d’émotions positives. En parallèle, être capable de mesurer l’apparition d’émotions négatives reste aussi essentiel, car, en définitive, il serait envisageable de considérer que le bien-être animal positif devrait inclure l’émission fréquente d’émotions positives associée à l’émission moins fréquente d’émotions négatives. Ainsi, la présence d’émotions positives et négatives devrait aussi être incluse dans l’évaluation du bien-être animal afin de tenir compte non pas seulement de la santé physique mais aussi de la santé mentale. Aujourd'hui, peu d’indicateurs existent mais seraient essentiels pour une meilleure compréhension de l’adaptation ou non à plusieurs pratiques effectuées dans les élevages et actuels systèmes de production. De plus, ce peu d’indicateurs ou mesures déjà existants ne sont pas toujours faisables et objectifs à évaluer. En conséquence, il existe un besoin d’investiguer des nouveaux indicateurs de bien-être animal positif, et particulièrement, des réponses émotionnelles. Ainsi, cette thèse a pour but principal d’examiner de potentiels indicateurs physiologiques et comportementaux du bien-être animal positif. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place cinq études, quatre avec portant sur des miniporcs et une portant sur des porcs domestiques commerciaux. Les quatre études avec les miniporcs ont été développés dans un cadre expérimental, tandis que la dernière le fut en conditions d’élevage. Une situation positive pour les animaux, en accord avec la littérature, a été créé dans toutes les études, et également, une situation contrôle, où plusieurs mesures ont été prises pour comparer les deux groupes. Ce travail a permis d’obtenir plusieurs résultats sur des potentiels indicateurs physiologiques et comportementaux de bien-être animal, qui pourraient être utilisés pour améliorer les actuelles méthodes d’évaluation de bien-être du porc. Concernant les indicateurs comportementaux, il a également apporté une caractéristique importante : la faisabilité des mesures. De plus, le travail a fourni une meilleure connaissance du vrai état des animaux et une meilleure compréhension de leurs émotions. Il a aussi contribué à avoir plus d’informations sur les différentes typologies de matériaux d’enrichissement, fait qui pourrait aider à résoudre l’actuelle difficulté à trouver le matériel le plus adéquat pour le porc, qui doit aussi être facile à gérer en élevage par les éleveurs ou techniciens. Finalement, ce travail est un exemple du lien entre différentes sciences, comme la physiologie, l’éthologie et le bien-être, entre autres, pour décrire scientifiquement l’état des animaux dans un contexte précisThe first step for ensuring a good quality of life for farm animals may be the ability to assess their welfare correctly. To do this, not only is it essential to include the detection of welfare problems but it is also essential to detect positive welfare states, such as the emission of positive emotions. The ability to measure the appearance of negative emotions is important, and positive animal welfare should also include frequent emissions of positive emotions and less frequent emissions of negative ones. Therefore, the presence of positive and negative emotions should be included in animal welfare assessments, and not only their physical health but also their mental health should be considered. Currently, few indicators of emotions exist, and such indicators are essential to better understand the adaptation or not of several husbandry practices in current production systems. Furthermore, the few existing indicators or measures are not always feasible and objective to evaluate. Therefore, research identifying new indicators of positive welfare, more specifically, indicators that reflect emotional responses, is needed. Thus, the present work mainly aimed at investigating potential physiological and behavioural measures of positive animal welfare. For this investigation, we conducted five studies: four with mini-pigs and one with domestic commercial pigs. The four studies with mini-pigs were performed in an experimental setting, whereas the last study was performed under farm conditions. In each study, a positive situation was created for the animals according to the literature as well as a control situation, and several measurements were taken to compare both groups. This work provides many interesting results about the potential physiological and behavioural indicators of welfare that could be used to improve current welfare assessments of pigs. The present behavioural indicators are important because they provide measures that are feasible. Furthermore, this work provides further knowledge of the real state of animals and a better understanding of their emotions. This work also provides information about different types of enrichment materials, which could help stockpersons and others who provide for and manage pigs find adequate material for enrichment. Finally, this work is an example of the way many different sciences, such as physiology, ethology and welfare, among others, can be linked to scientifically describe the state of animals in a specific context
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Campbell, Marcella E. „Infant emotional-cognitive organization to animate and inanimate objects“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61249.pdf.
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Dieker, Larson Erica Dawn. „A study of the contribution of variables related to companion animals on positivity“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20532.
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Doctor of PhilosophySpecial Education, Counseling and Student Affairs
Fred O. Bradley
The broaden-and-build theory posits that frequently experiencing positive emotions leads to broadened awareness and functioning, and over time, built resources. These resources function as reserves during difficult times. Considering recommendations for increasing positive emotions and findings regarding human-animal interactions, it is reasonable to expect that companion animals might function in a manner to increase positive emotions. Many people have companion animals, and they are a preventative, natural intervention without associated stigmas. Therefore, knowing more about how companion animals impact their humans has practical implications for mental health professionals. The current study investigated various aspects of human-animal interactions that are conceivably related to positive emotions (human-animal bond and amount of time spent with animal) in different configurations (people with and without companion animals; people with dogs, cats, and horses), while considering potential confounds (time spent with humans in connected interactions and time spent outside). Time spent in connected interactions with other humans is the only variable that predicted positivity, and this was only in people without companion animals. This is consistent with previous findings that interacting with other people is related to positive emotions.
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Mueller, Ranell L. „OLDER ADULT MEN’S EMOTIONAL BONDS WITH THEIR DOGS“. UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gerontol_etds/14.
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Knowledge of the deeper meanings of attachment to companion animals is limited, particularly in terms of older adults. This study employed a modified grounded theory method, a phenomenological lens and a life course perspective to gather and analyze data garnered from individual interviews and panel discussions in order to investigate the multiple dimensions of older adult men’s relationships with their companion animal dogs. Individual audio-recorded in-depth interviews and repeated panel discussions with a sub-group of the participants, convened as a panel over a three-month period, explored behavioral and emotional manifestations of attachment and the emotional bond to their companion animal dogs and the changing nature of that attachment and bond over their life span. Analysis involved open, axial and selective coding of transcripts to reveal underlying patterns within the data. Outcomes included movement toward a theory of companion animal attachment for older adult men as well as insight into the role of dogs in development of older adult men’s identities. This dissertation offers insight into the deeper understanding of the human-animal bond resulting in enhancing quality of life for both older adult male pet owners and their companion animal dogs.
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Rincel, Marion. „Role of the gut-brain axis in early stress-induced emotional vulnerability“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0870/document.
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Les maladies psychiatriques présentent de fortes comorbidités avec des désordres gastrointestinaux, ce qui suggère l’existence de bases physiopathologiques communes. Une littérature abondante démontre que l’adversité précoce (infection, stress) augmente la vulnérabilité aux désordres psychiatriques à l’âge adulte. Chez le rongeur, le modèle de séparation maternelle induit chez la descendance adulte des comportements hyperanxieux associés à une hypersensibilité au stress, ainsi que des dysfonctionnements de la sphère gastrointestinale. De plus, des études récentes rapportent une hyperperméabilité de la barrière intestinale chez les ratons soumis au stress de séparation, un effet conduisant potentiellement à une dysbiose et une perturbation de la communication intestin-cerveau. Le but de ma thèse était donc d’étudier le rôle de l’axe intestin-cerveau dans la mise en place des effets à long terme du stress précoce. Nos travaux récents ont montré que certains effets à long-terme de la séparation maternelle peuvent être atténués par l’exposition des mères à un régime hyperlipidique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons testé les effets du régime hyperlipidique maternel sur le cerveau et l’intestin de ratons soumis à la séparation maternelle. Nos résultats montrent que le régime maternel hyperlipidique protège de l’augmentation de la permeabilité intestinale induite par le stress. Nous avons ensuite testé le rôle causal de la perméabilité intestinale sur les comportements émotionnels à travers une approche pharmacologique et une approche génétique. Nous rapportons 1) que la restauration de la fonction barrière de l’intestin atténue certains effets de la séparation maternelle et 2) qu’une hyperperméabilité intestinale chez des souris transgéniques non soumises à un stress produit des effets similaires à ceux de la séparation maternelle. Enfin, nous avons examiné les effets d’une adversité précoce multifactorielle sur le cerveau et l’intestin (perméabilité et microbiote) chez la descendance adulte mâle et femelle dans un modèle combinant infection prénatale et séparation maternelle. Nos résultats mettent en évidence un effet sexe très marqué sur les phénotypes comportements et intestinaux. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour identifier les mécanismes sous-tendant les effets de la perméabilité et la dysbiose intestinale sur la vulnérabilité émotionnelle associée au stress précoceEarly-life adversity is a main risk factor for psychiatric disorders at adulthood; however the mechanisms underlying the programming effect of stress during development are still unknown. In rodents, chronic maternal separation has long lasting effects in adult offspring, including hyper-anxiety and hyper-responsiveness to a novel stress, along with gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Moreover, recent studies report gut barrier hyper-permeability in rat pups submitted to maternal separation, an effect that could potentially lead to dysbiosis and altered gut-brain communication. Therefore, the aim of my PhD was to unravel the role of the gut-brain axis in the neurobehavioral effects of early-life stress. We recently reported that some neural, behavioral and endocrine alterations associated with maternal separation in rats could be prevented by maternal exposure to a high-fat diet. We first addressed the effects of maternal high-fat diet on brain and gut during development in the maternal separation model. We show that maternal high-fat diet prevents the stress-induced decrease in spine density and altered dendritic morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, maternal high-fat diet also attenuates the exacerbated intestinal permeability associated with maternal separation. To explore a potential causal impact of gut leakiness on brain functions, we then examined the impact of pharmacological and genetic manipulations of intestinal permeability on brain and behavior. We report 1) that restoration of gut barrier function attenuates some of the behavioral alterations associated with maternal separation and 2) that chronic gut leakiness in naive adult transgenic mice recapitulates the effects of maternal separation. Finally, we examined the effects of multifactorial early-life adversity on behavior, gut function and microbiota composition in males and females using a combination of prenatal inflammation and maternal separation in mice. At adulthood, offspring exposed to early adversity displayed sex-specific behavioral (social behavior deficits in males and increased anxiety in females) and intestinal phenotypes. In conclusion, our work demonstrates an impact of gut dysfunctions, in particular gut leakiness, on the emergence of emotional alterations. Further studies are needed to unravel the role of the gut dysbiosis in the expression of the behavioral phenotypes associated with early-life adversity
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Donley, Melanie P. „State anxiety and fear in the rat insights from immediate early gene expression in the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex /“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 148 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1818417321&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Markusson, Hanna, und Victoria Persson. „Djurets positiva emotionell påverkan på individen : i vårdmiljöer“. Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28555.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka de anställdas upplevelser av vårddjurssamspel. Utifrån ett grundat teoretiskt perspektiv har vi utgått ifrån insamlade data och låtit informanternas talan föra arbetet framåt. Vi har dels studerat äldreboenden där personalen får ta med sina djur och där det även bor djur. Dels hundförare med sina hundar som arbetar inom äldrevården samt behandlingshem där terapin med djur sker. Studien baseras på elva datainsamlingar: tre observationer och åtta intervjuer. Tre av intervjuerna var etnografiska. Utifrån intervjuerna fick vi personalens och hundförarnas åsikter kring detta fenomen. Genom observationerna fick vi se hur interaktion med djur kan se ut. Resultatet visar på ett antal faktorer som är viktiga i interaktionen. Dessa är omtanke, ömsesidig uppmärksamhet, förväntningar och djurets uppgifter. Samspelar faktorerna leder det till en positiv emotionell påverkan. Vi fann att personal, hundförare, boende och djur blev positivt emotionellt påverkade av att ha djur i sin omgivning. I och med att det tydligt framkom olika aspekter av djurens arbete har vi funnit samband mellan effekterna som djuren ger. För att tydliggöra interaktionen mellan vårddjuret och individer har vi använt oss av Hochschilds begrepp emotionellt arbete, kopplat till terapihundarnas arbete, samt Goffman och hans teori om dramaturgi, kopplat till hur samspelen ser ut på fältet, för att analysera resultatet. Vår studie fyller en lucka i den tidigare forskningen, som visat att djur har en positiv påverkan men inte vad som krävs för att det ska ske ett lyckat samspel. Vi har även utgått från de anställdas perspektiv istället för de boendes.The aim of this study is to examine staffs experience of interaction with animals. With the method grounded theory we have let the informants’ words steer the direction of the study. We have studied elderly care who have their own animals and where the staff is able to bring their pets to work. We have also studied dog handlers with their therapy dogs who work in the elderly care and health and rehabilitation clinic who work with animals. The study is based on eleven data collections, three observations and eight interviews. Three of the interviews were of an ethnographic character. From the interviews we found the opinions of the staff and the dog handlers concerning the phenomenon. We were also able to observe the interaction with animals. This result shows several factors that are important in the interaction. These are: care, expectations, the animals task and mutual attention. If there is a connection between them it can lead to a positive emotional effect. We found that the staff, dog handlers, patients and animals were positively emotionally affected during the interaction with animals. To get a sociological connection we have used the term emotional labor from Hochschild and dramaturgy from Goffman to analyze the findings. We found that our study is important and there is a gap in previous research, our studie shows the importance of different factors for a well-functioning interaction. Another supplement is that this studie have focus on the staffs perspective.
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Rice, Jennifer E. „Dogs in the Workplace: The Emotional, Social, and Physical Benefits to Employees“. Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1565807557585623.
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Bourguet, Cécile. „Stress pendant la période d'abattage chez les bovins : rôles de la réactivité émotionnelle et des facteurs environnementaux“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22079/document.
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La période d’abattage est complexe car elle se compose d’une succession de situations associées à une multitude de facteurs de stress. L’animal est généralement privé d’alimentation et est ensuite confronté à un environnement changeant et contraignant qui demande en permanence des adaptations comportementales et physiologiques affectant son état émotionnel. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont (i) de mieux comprendre l’origine des réactions des bovins au cours de la période d’abattage, et (ii) d’évaluer leur stress d’un point de vue comportemental et physiologique à l’aide d’études menées à la fois en abattoir industriel et dans des conditions expérimentales.Nos travaux sur le terrain mettent en évidence la nécessité de tenir compte de toutes les procédures d’abattage, y compris les plus courtes, ainsi que des contraintes organisationnelles des abattoirs car elles influencent l’état de stress des bovins. Pendant la période d’élevage, la caractérisation des bovins selon leur réactivité émotionnelle,qui dépend en partie de leur expérience antérieure et de leur race, permet d’identifier les animaux susceptibles de réagir plus fortement aux procédures d’abattage. Elle permet également de déterminer les facteurs de stress prépondérants associés à ces procédures. Ainsi, la nouveauté et la séparation sociale expliquent en partie les réactions de stress à l’abattage chez les vaches. Chez les taurillons, les réactions de stress à l’abattage sont liées à leur réactivité cardiaque à la soudaineté et à l’Homme. De plus, les bovins réagissent plus fortement à différents facteurs de stress lorsqu’ils sont privés de nourriture. L’état physiologique des bovins influence donc leurs réactions de stress à l’abattage, probablement en modulant leur perception de la situation. Afin de réduire le niveau de stress des bovins pendant la période d’abattage, nos travaux montrent qu’il est possible d’agir sur l’environnement en limitant les sources de stress directes et indirectes. Il est également possible d’agir au niveau de l’animal par le biais de son expérience antérieure et de sa génétiqueThe slaughter period is complex as it consists of a series of situations during which the animal is confronted with various stress-inducing factors. The animal is often food deprived and subjected to a changing and demanding environment that it needs constantly to adapt to in behavioural and physiological terms and which may affect the emotional status of the animal. The present thesis aimed to (i) better understand causes underlying the reactions of cattle during the slaughter period and (ii) evaluate their stress status using behavioural and physiological measurements, in studies conducted in industrial and experimental conditions.Results show that all slaughter procedures, even short-lasting, as well as organisational constraints of the abattoir, should be taken into account as they may all influence cattle stress status. During rearing, characterising the cattle according to their emotional reactivity, which depends partly on prior experience and genetic background, allows identifying animals that are likely to react relatively strongly to the slaughter procedures. It allows also identifying the main factors associated with slaughter procedures that may cause stress. Thus, novelty and social separation explain part of the slaughter stress reactions in cows. In young bulls, stress reactions at slaughter are related to their cardiac reactivity to suddenness and to human. Additionally, cattle reacted more strongly to different stressful situations when they are food-deprived. This suggests that in cattle, physiological status may influence stress reactions slaughter, possibly by modulating their perception of the situation. In order to reduce stress levels during the slaughter period in cattle, it is possible to improve aspects of the environment by avoiding direct and indirect stress-inducing factors. It is also possible to take action at the animal level by modifying its prior experience or genetic background
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Geller, Krista Scott. „Quantifying the Power of Pets: The Development of an Assessment Device to Measure Attachment Between Humans and Companion Animals“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27274.
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This study developed and evaluated a 34-item scale designed to measure human and companion animal attachment. A total of 398 individuals, ranging in age from 18 to 87, who have a pet completed the Pet-Attachment Scale (PAS). These individuals also completed the Companion Animal Bonding Scale (CABS), which asks respondents how much caretaking they devote to their pets. The PAS and the CABS were highly correlated, r=-.68 (p<.001), with an overlapping variance of 46%. The inter-item consistency or Chronbachâ s Alpha of the PAS was .961, compared to a Chronbachâ s Alpha of .862 for the CABS.
The factor analysis of the PAS revealed two factors; Companionship (12 items) and Emotional Fulfillment (7 items). Thus, the PAS can be shortened to 19 items for follow-up research. The factor analysis for the CABS revealed only one factor (i.e., caretaking), and the analysis suggested the scale could be reduced from 8 to 3 items. The strong correlations between the PAS and the CABS suggest concurrent, convergent, and construct validity for the PAS.
A stepwise regression for the PAS revealed three significant predictors: 1) responsibility, 2) favorite pet chosen, and 3) gender. Women who were responsible for their pet, and did not select a particular pet as their favorite, scored highest on attachment to their pets. A stepwise regression for the CABS revealed four predictors: 1) responsibility, 2) favorite pet chosen, 3) live with this pet, and 4) gender. These predictors for the CABS were the same as for the PAS, with the addition that those who lived with their pet gave more caretaking than those who did not.
Analysis of variance was used to explore the effects of the predictor variables on the PAS and the CABS. These analyses revealed significant effects of gender and age category on both pet attachment (PAS) and pet caretaking (CABS). Women in the middle age category were most attached to their pets (PAS) and gave the most caretaking to their pets (CABS). The unique feature of the PAS, not measured by the CABS, was an Emotional Fulfillment factor. Future research should distinguish between pet attachment as companionship versus emotional fulfillment.Ph. D.
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Araragi, Naozumi [Verfasser], und Klaus-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Lesch. „Electrophysiological investigation of two animal models for emotional disorders - serotonin transporter knockout mice and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 knockout mice / Naozumi Araragi. Betreuer: Klaus-Peter Lesch“. Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042899460/34.
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Laubu, Chloé. „Emotions et personnalité : au cœur des décisions chez un poisson monogame“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK049/document.
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Au cours de leur vie, les animaux doivent sans cesse prendre des décisions qui impactent leur survie et leur succès reproducteur. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier le rôle de deux sources de variabilité dans la prise de décision — la personnalité et l’état émotionnel — en contexte sexuel chez un poisson monogame, le cichlidé zébré. Nos travaux sur la personnalité ont mis en évidence son importance sur la compatibilité comportementale et le succès reproducteur des partenaires. De plus, les individus les plus réactifs se sont ajustés à leur partenaire et ont augmenté leur succès reproducteur. Ceci supporte l’hypothèse d’une plus grande flexibilité de ces individus qui compenseraient ainsi leur faible compétitivité. Les différents profils de personnalité peuvent ainsi être considérés comme des stratégies alternatives. Le maintien de la variabilité interindividuelle pourrait ainsi s’expliquer par le succès équivalent de ces stratégies. Les émotions sont, elles, une cause de variabilité intra-individuelle souvent négligée qui pourrait pourtant représenter une information interne utilisée par l’individu pour prendre ses décisions. En transposant le test cognitif du biais de jugement aux poissons, nous avons pu observer un lien étroit entre leur état émotionnel et la présence/absence du partenaire. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle des émotions dans les processus d’appariement et interrogent sur leur utilisation dans les prises de décision. Les individus se basent-ils sur leurs émotions pour choisir un partenaire ? Est-ce adaptatif ? À travers l’étude de ces sources de variabilité comportementale, nous avons observé que, loin d’être distribuée aléatoirement, la variabilité était liée à des stratégies décisionnelles et pouvait influencer le succès reproducteur des individus. Il serait donc crucial de la prendre en compte pour appréhender l’évolution des processus décisionnelsDuring their lives animals constantly need to make decisions that influence their survival and their reproductive success. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the role of two variability sources in decision-making — personality and emotional states — in a sexual context in a monogamous fish, the convict cichlid. Our work about personality highlights its importance on pair compatibility and reproductive success. We also observe that reactive individuals adjusted their behaviour to their partner and thus increased their reproductive fitness. This result supports the hypothesis that reactive individuals are more flexible and thus compensate for their weak competitiveness.Personality traits are thus to be considered as co-existing alternative strategies. The maintenance of this inter-individual variability can be results from their equal success on the long run. Emotional states are source of intra-individual variability that has been largely underestimate. However they may represent an internal information used by individuals to make choice. We developed a protocol of cognitive judgment bias test in fish to evaluate their emotional states, and we observed a strong relationship with the presence/absence of the preferred partner. These results suggest that emotions is a key component of pair-bonding and then question how animals use them to make decision. Do they choose a partner based on their emotional states in an adaptive way? Through these different studies, we have shown that behavioural variability is not randomly distributed. On the contrary, it is linked to different strategies and it can influence reproductive success. It is thus crucial to take this parameter into account in order to understand the evolution of decision processes
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Bocca, Everton Weber. „Modelagem e implementação da interface para apresentação de comportamentos animados e emotivos de um agente pedagógico animado“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5594.
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A popularização da Internet e o crescimento da educação à distância tornaram possível a criação de softwares e cursos à distância, disponíveis na WWW. Atualmente, a Inteligência Artificial (IA) vem sendo utilizada para aumentar a capacidade de ambientes de educação à distância, diminuindo a desistência pela falta de estímulos externos e de interação entre colegas e professores. Este trabalho encontra-se inserido no ambiente colaborativo suportado por computador, definido no projeto “Uma Proposta de Modelo Computacional de Aprendizagem à Distância Baseada na Concepção Sócio-Interacionista de Vygotsky” chamado MACES (Multiagent Architecture for an Collaborative Educational System). Sua principal proposta, como parte do projeto do grupo, é desenvolver e implementar a interface animada do personagem para os agentes pedagógicos animados Colaborativo e Mediador que operam no ambiente de aprendizado colaborativo proposto pelo grupo. O personagem desenvolvido chama-se PAT (Pedagogical and Affective Tutor). A interface do personagem foi desenvolvida em Java, JavaScript e usa o Microsoft Agent para a movimentação. O Resin 2.1.6 (semelhante ao Tomcat que também foi usado de teste) é o compilador de servlet usado na execução de Java Servlet’s e tecnologias jsp – que monta páginas HTML dinamicamente. Esta montagem é feita no servidor e enviada para o browser do usuário. Para definir a aparência do personagem foram feitas entrevistas com pedagogas, psicólogas, psicopedagogas e idéias tiradas de entrevistas informais com profissionais que trabalham com desenho industrial, propaganda, cartoon e desenho animado. A PAT faz parte da interface do MACES e promove a comunicação entre esse ambiente e o usuário. Portanto, acredita-se que a PAT e os recursos da Inteligência artificial poderão aumentar a capacidade de ambientes de educação à distância, tornando-os mais agradáveis, assim como diminuir a desistência pela falta de estímulos externos e de interação com colegas e professores.
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Roma, Renata Paula da Silva. „A influência do cão na expressividade emocional de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-10052016-150241/.
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O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) inclui um conjunto de sintomas, tais como dificuldade para sustentar contato visual direto e comprometimento da linguagem. Apesar da Terapia Assistida Por Animais (TAA) com cães ser considerada uma modalidade terapêutica eficaz para promover o desenvolvimento de pessoas com TEA, ainda não são se sabe quais características dos cães possibilitam alcançar sucesso na terapia. Esta análise quantitativa tem como objetivo verificar o impacto de abordagens laterais e frontais de cães e humanos nas expressões emocionais de alegria e rejeição de crianças com TEA. Através da análise de vídeos de TAA, foram mensuradas duração e frequência das abordagens laterais e frontais de cães e humanos dirigidas às crianças para comparar possíveis diferenças entre ambos e também para verificar se a abordagem escolhida afetava o tipo de expressão emocional exibida pela criança. Os participantes deste projeto foram 11 crianças, 8 do sexo masculino e 3 do sexo feminino, entre 5 e 11 anos. Seis crianças foram atendidas por uma psicóloga, uma condutora e um Border Collie. O segundo grupo era composto pela mesma psicóloga, uma condutora e uma Golden Retriever. Escalas de avaliação foram aplicadas para confirmar o diagnóstico de TEA. Os cães foram previamente avaliados e treinados por uma instituição que atua na área de TAA. Cinco minutos de 8 sessões foram analisadas: um bloco de seis sessões com o cão, uma sessão anterior e uma sessão posterior a este bloco. Para verificar possíveis diferenças temperamentais entre cães, o C-barq (Canine Behavioral Assesment & Research Questionnaire) foi aplicado para analisar o temperamento de ambos. Embora esta análise tenha demonstrado diferenças em relação às categorias busca de atenção e nível de energia dos cães, não foram verificadas diferenças estatísticas entre os cães, em relação às variáveis analisadas neste estudo. Na comparação entre cães e humanos, os cães foram mais efetivos para conseguir expressões de alegria independentemente do tipo de abordagem escolhida. Comparando-se o tempo de abordagem de cães e humanos até obterem expressão emocional das crianças, observou-se uma importante diferença estatística. Os resultados sugerem que os cães exibiram menor latência que humanos para todas expressões emocionais analisadas: alegria (2= 7,312, p=0,007), de rejeição (2= 11,277, p-0,001) e neutras (2=9,097, p=0,043). Além disso, os resultados sugerem que, no contexto da TAA, não há relação entre abordagem lateral ou frontal e expressões de alegria, rejeição ou neutras de crianças com TEA. As expressões de alegria foram mais frequentes diante das abordagens laterais dos cães do que das abordagens frontais, no entanto não foi verificada significância estatística. Em relação aos humanos também não foi verificada preferência por uma abordagem especifica. Assim, os resultados sugerem que a latência para a exibição de uma expressão emocional das crianças depende mais de quem aborda do que do posicionamento lateral ou frontal quando a abordagem é realizadaAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a range of symptoms such as failure to maintain direct eye contact and impaired language. Although the Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) is considered a potential therapy to promote development in people with ASD, it´s still unknown which specific characteristics of dogs lead to a successful therapy. This quantitative analysis aims to measure the impact of lateral and frontal approaches from dogs and humans into joy and rejection emotional expressions displayed by children with ASD. Through video´s analysis, frequencies and durations of lateral and frontal approaches from humans and dogs to children were quantified in order to compare potential differences between both and analyze the effect of the chosen approach in emotional expression display. Participated in this project 11 children, 8 males and 3 females, from 5 to 11 years old. They were divided in two groups. A psychologist, a conductor and a border collie attended six of them. The second group was composed by 5 children attended by the same psychologist, a conductor and a golden retriever. Specifics evaluation scales were applied to confirm children´s diagnosis. An institution that works in the AAT area had previously evaluated and trained both dogs. Parents signed a free-consent term before the beginning of the study. Five minutes within 8 sessions were analyzed: 6 sessions with dog´s presence, the session before and the one subsequent this block of sessions. In order to analyze potential temperamental differences between dogs, C-barq (Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire) was applied to check the dogs temperament. The C-barq results showed differences related to the categories search of attention and energy level of the dogs. However, the test did not indicate statistical differences on the measurement of variables linked to this study. Dogs were better than humans to get joy expressions independently on the chosen approach. A significant statistical difference was observed in the comparison of how long dogs and humans spent in approaches until they got an emotional expression from children. The results suggest that dogs showed shorter latency than humans on all analyzed emotional expressions: joy (2= 7.312, p=0.007), rejection (2= 11.277, p-0.001) and neutral (2=9.097, p=0.043) expressions. Moreover, the results suggest no link between lateral or frontal approach and specific expression of emotions in children with ASD in the context of AAT. Expressions of joy were more frequent after lateral than frontal dog´s approach, however no statistically significant difference was found. No approach preference was found in humans. Thus, results suggest that latency to emotional behavior from children depends more on who approaches than on position lateral or frontal when the approach happens
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Lainé, Michaël. „Quelle rationalité pour les esprits animaux ? : étude sur le comportement d'investissement des entrepreneurs en incertitude non probabilisable“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0151/document.
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Sur fond d’incertitude radicale, les entrepreneurs ne peuvent s’en remettre à un calcul précis de rentabilité. Pour les anticipations d’investissement, ils ont recours à leurs esprits animaux, c’est-à-dire un jugement analogique instinctif sur le futur associé à une décision émotionnelle automatique par rapport à lui en fonction de motivations. La notion remonte à l’Antiquité. Elle était synonyme d’influx nerveux. Si l’on interroge les neurosciences d’aujourd’hui, ce sont les marqueurs somatiques qui l’éclairent. Nos émotions servent à arrêter la réflexion, restreindre l’espace des possibles et valoriser certaines options. Elles contribuent à l’intelligence de nos décisions. C’est l’excès, de cognition ou d’émotion, qui est à éviter. Les émotions servent également à réviser ou renforcer nos croyances. Par leur mouvement propre, elles peuvent créer des cycles, ce que nous proposons d’appeler « le paradoxe de la confiance ». Une confiance élevée prépare le terrain de la chute future. À l’inverse, une confiance basse met peu à peu en place les conditions du retournement de conjoncture. Notre travail propose une analyse du raisonnement inductif en économie, à l’origine de l’élaboration de scénarios anticipatifs. Le capital culturel et symbolique semble également orienter les esprits animaux. Notre enquête empirique établit l’existence d’un lien entre capital culturel et prise de risque. Elle dessine aussi une typologie des esprits animaux à même de saisir l’hétérogénéité des entrepreneurs. 11 familles sont dégagées, en fonction de leurs motivations, émotions, capitaux culturels, comportements d’investissement et scénarios anticipatifs privilégiésIn a background of fundamental uncertainty, entrepreneurs cannot rely on a precise calculus of profitability. For their investment expectations, they have to lean on their animal spirits, that is an analogical, instinctive judgment about the future associated with an automatic emotional decision under the guidance of motivations. The notion traces back to the Ancient times. She was then synonymous with “nerve impulse”. Nowadays, if one probes neuroscience, it appears that somatic markers could shed some light on them. Emotions are useful to stop thoughts, restrict the states of nature and value certain options. They contribute to the intelligence of decisions. It is the excess, be it of cognition or emotion, that is detrimental. Emotions also serve to update or strengthen our beliefs. By their own momentum, they can create cycles, which I propose to dub “the confidence paradox”. When confidence is high, the terrain for the future fall is being prepared. Conversely, when it is low, little by little the conditions for a reversal are being staged. Our work proposes an analysis of inductive reasoning responsible for the elaboration of anticipative scripts. Cultural and symbolic capital also appears to come into play. Our empirical inquiry establishes a link between cultural capital and risk-taking. It outlines as well a clustering of animal spirits so as to grasp the heterogeneity of entrepreneurs. 11 different sorts are outlined and sorted by their motivations, emotions, cultural capital, investment behaviors and preferred anticipative scripts
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Donaldson, Kristy Melissa. „Defense and Prosecuting Attorney Perceptions of Facility Dogs in the Courtroom“. ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3939.
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Attorneys must obtain evidence for purporting their position on a court case. Many factors are considered when working with witness testimony such as age, development, narrative recall, and retraumatization. Research has detailed the hardship of obtaining evidence during witness testimony and the importance of support systems to help with the process. Existing research illustrates the stressors caused by the court processes, witness fear, and difficulty for attorneys to ascertain testimony. Therapeutic animals have been well researched and shown to have an important support role in many professions and situations. Additionally, much has been written regarding the use of varying types of court approved support systems. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how attorneys perceive the use of facility dogs as support systems in the courtroom. The case study sought to understand how defense and prosecuting attorneys perceive the use of facility dogs in the courtroom, and how that experience has influenced their belief system. Data collection was completed through a 7 question phone interview process. The data collected via phone interviews were coded and analyzed through the use of NVivo software and Survey Monkey database. The analysis revealed the participants high level of acceptance on the use of facility dogs in the courtroom as support systems. Attorneys were open and receptive to learning more about dogs as a support system, even when hesitant about the outcome. The revelations from this study may be used to provide additional support to witnesses. Data collected within this study will propel future studies and education in many different animal advocate groups and legal entities.
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Perez, Emilie. „Communicating about stress : modulation of vocalisations in the zebra finch“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4026/document.
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Chez les espèces sociales, les vocalisations transmettent des informations qui participent au maintien et à la survie du groupe. Alors que de nombreuses études se sont intéressées aux informations stables portées par les vocalisations telles que l’identité, peu d’études se sont interrogées sur le rôle des signaux vocaux dans la transmission des informations plus labiles, telles que l’état émotionnel de l’émetteur. Le stress est un bon candidat pour l’étude de l’expression des émotions chez les animaux, puisqu’il est directement mesurable via un dosage de la concentration plasmatique en glucocorticoïdes. Le stress est connu pour modifier les paramètres acoustiques des vocalisations chez les mammifères, mais peu d’études ont traité ce processus chez les oiseaux, qui présentent pourtant des réseaux sociaux complexes. Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer de quelle manière les oiseaux expriment vocalement leur stress, et d’évaluer dans quelle mesure la corticostérone, hormone de stress principale chez l’oiseau, est impliquée dans le phénomène. Je me suis intéressée au Diamant mandarin (Taenopygia guttata), un oiseau chanteur australien au comportement grégaire qui forme des liens d’appariements à vie et prodigue des soins biparentaux à sa progéniture. En administrant de la corticostérone exogène à des oiseaux et en utilisant également des évènements sociaux stressants, nous montrons que les mâles adultes et les poussins expriment leur stress à travers l’émission de cris modifiés dans leur structure, ce qui suggère que la flexibilité des cris chez les oiseaux est plus importante que l’avaient montré des études précédentes. Par une analyse complète des paramètres temporels et spectraux des cris, nous montrons pour la première fois que le stress, par un effet direct de la corticostérone, déclenche l’émission de vocalisations présentant un spectre de fréquence déplacé vers les hautes fréquences. De plus, les receveurs du signal (respectivement les partenaires femelles et les parents) semblent capables de décoder l’information portée par ces cris de stress car ils modifient leur comportement en conséquence. Les processus physiques impliqués dans l’émission de cris modulés par le stress sont également discutés en appliquant la théorie « source-filtre » généralement utilisée chez les mammifères. Enfin, les valeurs adaptatives de ces cris sont également envisagées, en rapport avec le réseau social du Diamant mandarin et les risques de prédation encourus par l’émetteur du signal. Ce travail apporte de nouvelles preuves sur l’expression du stress chez les oiseaux, et propose une étude complète, des signaux physiologiques impliqués dans le stress aux modifications de comportement de l’émetteur, qui déclenchent une réponse adaptative des receveurs du signalIn social species, vocalisations convey information that participates in the maintenance and the survival of the group. While many studies were interested in stable information carried by vocal signals, like identity, fewer studies dealt with their potential role in informing about labile information such as the senders’ emotional state. Stress is a good candidate for the study of the expression of emotions in animals, as it is directly measurable by the plasma levels of glucocorticoïds. Stress is known to modify acoustic parameters of vocalisations in mammals, but few studies studied the process in birds, that also show complex social networks. The aim of this thesis is thus to determine how birds can vocally express their stress and to what extent corticosterone, the main stress hormone in birds, is implicated in this expression. I focused my research on the zebra finch (Taenopygia guttata), a gregarious Australian songbird that form lifelong pairbond and provides biparental care to its young. Using oral administration of exogenous corticosterone but also social stressful events, we show that both adult males and nestlings can express their stress through modulations of their calls’ structure, suggesting that flexibility in birds’ vocalisations is higher than previously expected. With a complete analysis of temporal and spectral parameters of calls, we show for the first time that stress evokes the emission of vocalisations with up-shifted frequency spectrum via a direct effect of corticosterone. Moreover, we show that females and parents are able to decode the information carried by stressed-induced calls of respectively their male partner and their young, as they exhibit modifications of behaviour in accordance with the context. The physical processes leading to the emission of stressed-induced vocalisations are discussed by applying the source-filter theory usually used in mammals. Adaptive values are also proposed, in regards with the zebra finch social network and predation risks for the caller. This work gives new evidences about the expression of stress in birds, and proposes a comprehensive study, from the physiological signals involved in stress to the resulting modifications of communication behaviour for the sender, that leads to an adaptive response from the receivers
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Harper, C. J. „An exploration into the impact of animals as a therapeutic adjunct in education for children with behaviour, emotional and social difficulties : a biophilic philosophy for education“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2015. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25288/.
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This PhD study makes an original contribution to to current research by examining through case study the impact of animal assisted activities for children and young people with Behaviour, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD). The thesis presents data, which supports that where contact with animals is offered as an alternative to traditional classroom based learning, children and young people with BESD are supported therapeutically, and enabled to build key relationship skills, thus enabling greater chance of success in learning. The primary motivation for the research was a commitment to better understand and thereby contribute, to a body of literature which seeks to explain and develop solutions and interventions for children and young people with a special need described as BESD alongside a curiosity for the world of nature and animals. Literature in this field includes consideration of frameworks which underpin work with BESD, such as research into trauma and its implications, leading to theories of attachment and in some cases, other psychodynamic concepts. Studies in Animal-Assisted Therapy and E.O.Wilson’s (2003) Biophilia Hypothesis support the consideration of animals as facilitators for mental and emotional health. The study employs a qualitative constellation methodology looking at three main case study contexts and utilising four additional smaller case studies to triangulate the findings. Psychosocial research tools were employed in order to understand the participants ‘story’, given the complexity of working with a vulnerable and challenging group. The main findings of the study show that animals have therapeutic potential as a conduit for relationships, being both social facilitators and taking the role of ‘the common third’ (Cameron and Moss, 2011). In a natural environment, with positive staff facilitation and purposeful activity, interventions with animals can support the development of key relationship skills such as trust, identification, empathy, nurture, understanding and self control. Further, the study shows there maybe educational impact, emotional impact, language and communication support and even health benefits. The study concludes with a discussion of the findings and makes recommendations for further empirical long-term research in the field of BESD and animal assisted activities.
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Schwartz, Jay W. „The Novel Application of Emotional Contagion Theory to Black andMantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra and A. palliata) Vocal Communication“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429033201.
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Lipp, Amélie. „Question socialement vive et développement du pouvoir d'action des enseignants et des élèves : la question du bien-être animal en élevage dans les lycées professionnels agricoles“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20084/document.
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La prise en compte du bien-être des animaux dans les élevages suscite de vives controverses dans la société et dans les champs scientifique, technique et professionnel. Dans le milieu scolaire, le bien-être animal (BEA), en tant que question socialement vive (Legardez & Simonneaux, 2006), pose des difficultés pour son enseignement et son apprentissage dans les lycées professionnels agricoles préparant les futurs éleveurs. Cette thèse a pour objet de comprendre comment le pouvoir d’action (Clot, 1999) des enseignants et des élèves relatif à la prise en compte du BEA en situations d’enseignement-apprentissage se développe (ou ne se développe pas). Nous articulons les cadres théoriques et méthodologiques de la didactique des questions socialement vives, de la clinique de l’activité et du jugement éthique. Dans une double visée transformative et épistémique, quatre enseignants de zootechnie et leur classe de baccalauréat professionnel ont participé à un protocole d’intervention en lycées. A partir des traces des activités dialogiques recueillies, nous avons documenté les émotions, les jugements éthiques et les représentations-connaissances signifiés ainsi que leurs interactions et les conflits à l’œuvre dans le développement possible et impossible du pouvoir d’action des sujets relatif à la prise en compte du BEA en élevage. L’ensemble des résultats permet de mettre à jour des obstacles et des leviers au développement du pouvoir d’action des élèves et des enseignants. Nous formulons plusieurs propositions pour la formation des enseignants et des élèves afin de les accompagner à affronter certains obstacles et à davantage valoriser les leviers potentiels pour augmenter leur champ des possiblesThe question of farm animal welfare has sparked strong debate in society and in scientific, technical and professional domains. In the field of education, teaching and learning about farm animal welfare (FAW) as a socially acute question (Legardez & Simonneaux, 2006), is particularly problematic in agricultural schools which train future breeders. The aim of this thesis is to understand how the power to act (Clot, 1999), in relation to the question of FAW, develops (or not) in both teachers and students during teaching-learning situations. We articulate the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the didactics of socially acute questions, the clinic of activity and ethical judgment. Four animal husbandry teachers participated in a protocol with their vocational baccalaureate students. Based on their dialogical activities, we recorded their emotions, ethical judgments and knowledge-representations systems along with their interactions and the conflicts at work to help or hinder the development of their power to act.Our results reveal the barriers and the facilitators to the development of the students’ and teachers’ power to act to improve FAW. We make several recommendations for the training of teachers and students which should help them to overcome certain hurdles and further exploit the potential levers allowing them to widen their range of possibilities
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Woxinger, Sköld Linnea. „Life Forms“. Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17101.
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Life Forms is an examination of organic shapes in textile material and garments. The clothes deals with questions of tactile and emotional attraction in fashion, while the project as a whole is an attempt to constantly let creativity and curiosity be a part of the process.By using a method of letting go of the control and see what chance and the properties of the material might lead to, this work has become a growing organism of its own.The end result is a group of unique pieces, all in different materials and colour shades. They’re held together by concept as well as relations in tone and cuts. The collection could be viewed as a visual statement or worn with lots of care and love.Program: Modedesignutbildningen
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Goodwin, Joy Noel. „KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AND LEGISLATION RELATED TO SOCIAL INFLUENCES AS PREDICTORS OF VOTING ON AGRICULTURE POLICY“. The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274705418.
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MacNamara, Kailey. „Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms of Social Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder“. FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3390.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common child-onset neurodevelopment disorders, affecting 5% of children in the United States (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Treatment matching in ADHD is difficult and unsatisfactory; the same general treatment algorithm is recommended for all children. It is therefore important to consider the development of specialized treatment programs based on a variety of behavioral and neurological biomarkers. Unfortunately, due to its multi-faceted classification, the heterogeneity of this behavioral disorder is under-investigated (Costa Dias et al., 2015). Scientific research in this area is especially limited as the severity of ADHD goes undiagnosed, children tend to have difficulties remaining still in MRI scanners, and the hyperactivity-impulsivity that is associated with ADHD may cause further challenges when trying to remain motionless in the scanner. Furthermore, tasks such as Facial Emotion Perception Task (FEPT) and Theory of Mind (ToM) have not been used to analyze social and behavioral deficits in children with ADHD. More research needs to be allocated to helping uncover the neural substrates underlying the inattention and hyperactivity traits of this disorder. For this reason, we acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from five children with ADHD performing the FEPT and ToM tasks. The results showed the children have an easier and quick time correctly identifying happy emotional states, as compared to the fearful, angry, and neutral conditions. Results from the FEPT task also revealed that the participants were thinking and reasoning more (i.e., taking longer to deduce an ending) when identifying emotions than identifying animals. The ToM task showed that the default mode network (DMN) may not be fully suppressed when the children are choosing the correct cartoon ending, and therefore the children may be having lapses in attention. These findings may assist the current hypothesis that the default mode network has reduced network homogeneity in people with ADHD. Overall, the findings presented in this thesis provide a good diving board into discovering the reason(s) for the social cognition and emotion recognition impairments associated with ADHD, but further research is needed in order to one day pinpoint and ultimately correct the regions(s) of dysfunction.
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Walther, Jacquelyn. „The Dragons in your Dreams“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2815.
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What if every craving that you ever felt stayed with you forever? Suppose facades couldn’t exist, and what should only be the deepest, densest core of a desire was formed into a mass, a body. Its will matching yours in its physical presence. I make creatures that are embodiments of emotions. In this study I mainly focus on desires and inhibitions surrounding romance. I explore anatomical structures and how material make-up can directly reflect emotional character. In this exploration, the materiality of clay allows for a thorough manipulation of the composition of the creatures. In this I am also able to manipulate the material properties of clay to reflect states of existential discomfort, pushing the limits of material structure and stability. The final presentation of these creatures are as specimens of inhibitions, drawing in the viewer with empathy and repulsion as a fantastic other.
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Grégoire, Stéphanie. „Développement de nouvelles méthodes d'évaluation de la douleur chez le rat par l'analyse des comportements spontanés et des perturbations émotionnelles et cognitives“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM06.
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La recherche dans le domaine de la prise en charge de la douleur, notamment chronique, a un besoind’innovation car les traitements disponibles à l’heure actuelle sont pour la plupart anciens et souventliés à des effets indésirables. Il est maintenant admis que les études précliniques de la douleur ont denombreuses limites : pertinence des modèles, utilisation d’une stimulation douloureuse surajoutée,détermination d’un simple seuil ou délai, prise en compte de la seule composante sensoridiscriminative…De ce fait, certaines molécules efficaces chez l’animal et donc prometteuses, n’ontpas eu les effets escomptés chez l’homme. La base de notre travail de recherche s’attache donc àproposer de nouvelles méthodes d’appréciation de la douleur chronique chez l’animal en prenant encompte ses aspects multidimensionnels. De nombreuses études ont mis en évidence une altération dela qualité de vie chez des patients atteints de douleur chronique. Cette altération se caractérisenotamment par des perturbations émotionnelles et cognitives. Ces paramètres ne sont pas toujours prisen compte chez l’animal dans l’évaluation de traitements antalgiques mais pourrdouleurnt amener denouvelles possibilités et perspectives précliniques. Notre travail a consisté à étudier l’impact de ladouleur sur les comportements spontanés (automatisation du test au formol), la composanteémotionnelle et les capacités cognitives chez le rongeur. Il a été complété par l’exploration du rôle del’amygdale dans les mécanismes impliqués dans ces modifications comportementales.L’amélioration du test au formol a été réalisée dans le but de visualiser au mieux les comportementsspécifiques observés lors d’une douleur aiguë de type inflammatoire. Notre adaptation a permis, chezles mêmes animaux, de pouvoir dissocier l’effet antalgique et l’effet sédatif d’une molécule à l’aided’une méthode automatisée plus rapide et moins subjective.Parallèlement, nous avons apprécié l’impact de la douleur chronique sur la composante émotionnelleet les performances cognitives dans deux modèles de douleur chronique (inflammatoire etneuropathique). Les animaux souffrant de douleur chronique inflammatoire présentent desperturbations plus importantes que les animaux neuropathiques, perturbations pouvant être amélioréespar un traitement pharmacologique. Des études mécanistiques utilisant des micro-injections demorphine au niveau de l’amygdale ont souligné une implication importante du complexe basolatéraldans ces composantes émotionnelles et cognitives de la douleur.Ces nouvelles approches comportementales pourrdouleurnt permettre de mieux caractériser l’impact globalde la douleur chronique chez l’animal et de compléter la batterie de tests couramment utilisés enpréclinique. Ceci pourrait déboucher sur une transposition plus réaliste des résultats obtenus chezl’animal à l’homme, et donc conduire à une meilleure prédictibilité clinique de l’efficacité destraitements. Enfin, la mise en évidence de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques innovantes implique l’étudedes mécanismes responsables de ces altérations comportementalesResearch in the field of pain management, including chronic pain management, needs innovationbecause available treatments are mostly old and often associated with many side effects. It is now wellrecognized that preclinical studies on pain have many limitations: the relevance of the models, the useof imposed painful stimulations, determination of simple thresholds or delays, taking into account thesensory-discriminative component of pain alone… Indeed, some molecules that are efficient inanimals and that are considered as promising, didn’t have the desired effect in humans. Therefore, thebasis of our research aims to propose new methods to assess chronic pain in animals taking intoaccount its multidimensional aspects. Many studies have shown impaired quality of life in patientssuffering from chronic pain. This alteration is characterized by emotional and cognitive disturbances.These components of pain are not always taken into account in animal when studying analgesictreatments, but could bring new preclinical possibilities and perspectives. Our work consisted instudying the impact of pain on spontaneous behaviours (automated formalin test), emotionalcomponent and cognitive capacities in rodents. This work has been completed by the exploration ofthe role of the amygdala in the mechanisms underlying those behavioural modifications.Improvement of the formalin test was conducted in order to better visualize the specific behaviorsobserved during an acute inflammatory pain. Our adaptation has allowed dissociating the analgesicand sedative effect of a molecule in a same animal, using an automated method which is faster and lesssubjective than the manual method.In the meantime, we assessed the impact of chronic pain on the emotional and cognitive performancesin two models of chronic pain (inflammatory and neuropathic). Animals suffering from chronicinflammatory pain have more important impairments than animal suffering from neuropathic pain,impairments that can be improved with a pharmacological treatment. Mechanistic studies using microinjectionsof morphine in the amygdala have emphasized an important involvement of the basolateralcomplex in these emotional and cognitive components of pain.These new behavioural approaches may help better characterize the overall impact of chronic pain inanimals and complete the battery of tests commonly used in preclinical studies. This could lead to amore realistic transposition of the results obtained from animals to humans, and thus lead to betterpredictability for the clinical efficacy of treatments. Finally, the identification of new targets forinnovative therapies involves the study of mechanisms responsible for these behavioral impairments
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Serradas, Viegas Mendonça Tiago. „Influence of the activities imposed by the human being on equine emotional responses“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0020.
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Les activités des chevaux au bénéfice de l’être humain sont variées et ont évolué au cours du temps. Le cheval a exercé des fonctions de transport, il est devenu un avantage en temps de guerre et un athlète sur plusieurs disciplines sportives très variées. Actuellement, il participe aussi à des thérapies destinées à l’être humain. Les chevaux participent souvent à plusieurs disciplines équestres ou activités de travail, ce qui demande une grande capacité d’adaptation de la part de l’animal. En conséquence, l’implication des chevaux sur des activités très variées peut être à l’origine de réponses émotionnelles également variées (positives ou négatives). Les réponses émotionnelles des chevaux aux différentes activités peuvent être étudiées à l’aide d’indicateurs comportementaux et physiologiques des émotions. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier l’influence de certaines activités que l’être humain impose au cheval sur ses réponses émotionnelles. Un autre objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier des nouveaux indicateurs physiologiques (biologiques) qui peuvent avoir des implications au niveau des émotions (ex : ocytocine). Les résultats ont démontré une variation des réponses émotionnelles des chevaux en fonction de l’activité à laquelle ils participaient. Les exercices latéraux ont été bénéfiques pour l’état émotionnel des chevaux impliqués dans différentes disciplines équestres (dressage, concours de sauts d’obstacles et concours complet d’équitation). L’équithérapie n’a pas 12 produit d’émotions négatives ni d’émotions positives aux chevaux qui y ont participé. Les réponses émotionnelles à un stimulus spécifique étaient différentes entre les chevaux de travail (travail de trait au Chili) e les chevaux de sport (rodéo). Les niveaux d’ocytocine plasmatique libre observés étaient différents entre les activités étudiées. Ces résultats ouvrent plusieurs perspectives et voies de recherche. Les réponses émotionnelles des chevaux devraient être étudiées sur chaque discipline/activité séparément. L’étude de méthodes d’entraînement et de travail peut dévoiler des solutions pour améliorer le bien-être des chevaux. Des nouvelles études, sur des indicateurs biologiques (positifs ou négatifs) qui permettent d’étudier les réponses émotionnelles des chevaux sont nécessairesHumans have made profits from equine activities, which evolved through times. Horses worked as transport facilitator, become an advantage in times of war and are athletes in many sport disciplines. Nowadays, horses are involved in therapies to improve human medical conditions as well. Horses are often involved in different equestrian disciplines or work activities, which require a great adaptation capacity of the animal. Therefore, horses’ implication in diverse activities may probably be the reason for the variability of equine emotional responses (either positive or negative). Equine emotional responses to different activities can be investigated using behavioural and physiological indicators of emotions. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of some activities imposed by humans in horses’ emotional responses. The investigation of novel physiological indicators (biological ones) that may play a role in emotional responses (e.g. oxytocin) was also an aim of this thesis. Results from this thesis demonstrated that equine emotional responses vary according to the activity in which horses are involved. Lateral exercises were beneficial for the emotional states of horses involved in different equestrian disciplines (dressage, jumping, eventing). Equine-assisted therapy did not produce negative nor positive emotions. Sport horses (Chilean rodeo) differed from working horses (urban draught work) in their emotional responses to a specific stimulus. Different plasma levels of free oxytocin were associated with different equine activities. These results disclose many perspectives and research questions. Equine emotional responses should be investigated within each equestrian discipline or work activity separately. Training/working methods investigations may reveal innovative solutions to improve equine welfare. Further investigation on biological indicators (positive or negative) is still needed