Thematische Bibliographien / Arch form

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Arch form“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Arch form"

Al-Zubair, Nabil M. „Establishment of Yemeni Dental Arch Form“. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 3, Nr. 2 (31.12.2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10073.

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Objective: To assess the dental arch forms of Yemeni adult sample. Materials & Method: The Eucledian clustering method of analysis was utilized for the determination of dental arch form. A total of 398 study models were constructed and evaluated to do measurements for both arches using a modified sliding caliper gauge. Six dental cast measurements divided into three sagittal and three transverse measurements were utilized to represent the dental arch width and length measurements. Result: Narrow form is the most prevalent arch form (30.9%) followed by wide form (23.9%), their prominence appear more in females and the least prevalent arch form was the mid form (9.3%), while flat and pointed forms were in between 18.3% and 17.6% respectively. Conclusion: Five arch forms: narrow, wide, mid, pointed and flat were distinguished as unique forms for the dental arches, with the predominance of the narrow arch form were found among Yemeni adults.

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UENO, Kentaro, Shunji KUMABE, Michiko NAKATSUKA und Isao TAMURA. „Factors influencing dental arch form“. Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 96, Nr. 1 (2019): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.96.31.

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Shrestha, Rabindra Man. „Polynomial Analysis of Dental Arch Form of Nepalese Adult Subjects“. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 3, Nr. 1 (05.12.2013): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9267.

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Introduction: Human dental arch acquires stable form and dimensions with the attainment of adulthood. The orthodontic treatment regimen signifies the predetermination of the shape and type of dental arch form of a particular adult population to harmonize with their natural pattern. The use of predetermined arch form helps in diagnosis, treatment planning and stability of orthodontic treatment results. Objective: To analyze the dental arch forms of Nepalese adults and to classify them into morphological types. Materials & Method: Predetermined transverse and sagittal dimensions on dental stone models of one hundred Nepalese adults aged 17-32 years with normal occlusion and dentofacial proportion were measured using standardized Boley gauze. The analysis was done according to Raberin’s mathematical sixth degree polynomial method. The study compared the gender difference among the Nepalese samples. Result: The distribution of the Nepalese arch form types were; 26% flat arch, 24% wide arch, 19% pointed arch, 18% narrow arch and 13% mid arch. Conclusion: Considerable variation in distribution of dental arch form types found between Nepalese male and female samples and among population groups. The analysis enables the mathematical method that predetermines the dental arch form of the individual orthodontic patient.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9267 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 7-13

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Budiman, JohanA. „Mathematical ratio in defining arch form“. Dental Hypotheses 8, Nr. 3 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_26_17.

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Lee, Robert T. „Arch width and form: A review“. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 115, Nr. 3 (März 1999): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70334-3.

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Baluta, J., und C. L. B. Lavelle. „An analysis of dental arch form“. European Journal of Orthodontics 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.1987): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/9.1.165.

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Baluta, J., und C. L. B. Lavelle. „An analysis of dental arch form“. European Journal of Orthodontics 9, Nr. 2 (01.05.1987): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/9.2.165.

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Battagel, Joanna M. „Individualized Catenary Curves: Their Relationship to Arch Form and Perimeter“. British Journal of Orthodontics 23, Nr. 1 (Februar 1996): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.23.1.21.

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Study casts of the lower arches of 35 children in whom arch alignment was considered acceptable, were examined using a reflex microscope. Arch perimeter was calculated mathematically from a method which required measurement of the mesio-distal widths of the teeth only. This was described as the ‘overlap’ method. Arch perimeter was also calculated using individualized catenary curves for each subject. Two calculations were made, recording arch width either at the distal contact points of the first permanent molars or between their mesio-buccal cusps. Arch perimeter measured from the length of the catenary curves was consistently shorter than that calculted by the overlap method. The variation ranged from 0·02 to 4·58 mm. The catenary constructed using the distal molar contacts gave a better representation of the actual arch form: the mean discrepancy was 2·36 mm, compared with 2·86 mm with the second method where arch width was measured between mesio-buccal cusps. Both techniques for calculation of arch perimeter were heghly reproducible. The catenary curve only approximated arch form well when the arch was relatively narrow across the inter canine region. For square arches this method was unsatisfactory. It is suggested that alternative techniques would be more reliable and the overlap method desribed here is considered satisfactory.

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Gugwad, Dr R. S., Dr Savita Akki und Dr Sharanbasappa C. Nagaral. „Correlation Between Tooth form, Face Form and Arch Form Using Computer Program“. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 15, Nr. 07 (Juli 2016): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-150740104.

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Tavares, Alana, Emanuel Braga und Telma Martins de Araújo. „Digital models: How can dental arch form be verified chairside?“ Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 22, Nr. 6 (November 2017): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.22.6.068-073.oar.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Plaster dental casts are routinely used during clinical practice to access maxillary dental arch form and assist on fabrication of individualized orthodontic archwires. Recently introduced, digital model technology may offer a limitation for the obtainment of a dental physical record. In this context, a tool for dental arch form assessment for chairside use is necessary when employing digital models. In this regard, paper print of the dental arch seems thus to be useful. Methods: In the present study, 37 lower arch models were used. Intercanine and intermolar widths and dental arch length measurements were performed and compared using plaster dental casts, digital models and paper print image of the models. Ortho Insight 3D scanner was employed for model digitalization. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted regarding the measurements performed on the plaster or digital models (p> 0.05). Paper print images, however, showed subestimated values for intercanine and intermolar widths and overestimated values for dental arch length. Despite being statistically significant (p< 0.001), the differences were considered clinically negligible. Conclusion: The present study suggests that paper print images obtained from digital models are clinically accurate and can be used as a tool for dental arch form assessment for fabrication of individualized orthodontic archwires.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Arch form"

Pournaghshband, Asal. „Form-finding of arch structures“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87332/.

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In this thesis, the optimal shape of two-pin arches of constant cross-section is found analytically using a novel form-finding technique. To find the purely compressed arches built of masonry and concrete material, the state of static equilibrium is applied. As the main finding, the momentless two-pin arch shape is derived for the arches with any span-to-height ratio subjected to its self-weight (SW) and uniformly distributed load (UDL). The contribution of using momentless arches is shown through comparing their maximum displacements to those of parabolic shape. The first failure of the cross-section of the momentless and parabolic arches was then compared for the same loading. This work is conducted practising the knowledge of arch response to loading as a function of the chosen form. In this regard, a comprehensive study of the behaviour of different arch shapes considering different ratios of uniformly distributed load to self-weight (UDL:SW) is also carried out. The ideal common arch shape is investigated for minimum combined axial and bending stresses using the commercial software GSA. The optimal range of span-to-height ratio of common two-pin arch shapes is also suggested. In general, the best arch performance is exhibited for the parabolic and catenary arch with span-to-height ratios between 2–4 when UDL:SW≥1 and UDL:SW < 1 respectively. However, the circular arch demonstrates the least desirable performance with the optimum range of span-to-height ratio between 4–6. Moreover, approximate methods of two-pin arch analysis are evaluated, including the masonry design method and virtual work method suggested by Megson (2006). The effect of the assumptions made by these methods on the result of analysing two-pin arches is investigated through comparing their results to those obtained by the second theorem of Castigliano, including full structural action and the GSA results.

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McNamara, Clare. „An evaluation of clinicians methods of arch form selection“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492648.

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Struhs, Theodore William. „Effects of Unilateral Extraction Treatment on Arch Symmetry and Occlusion“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/742.

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Occlusal asymmetries are common in orthodontic patients. A treatment option for correcting moderate asymmetries is asymmetric extractions. This study evaluated post-treatment dental arch symmetry in patients treated with unilateral premolar extractions. Post-treatment casts of 60 patients were divided into four treatment groups based on the history of occlusal asymmetry and the treatment plan. DesignCAD3000 software (Upperspace Corporation, Pryor, OK) was used to evaluate asymmetrically treated arches for symmetry. The four treatment groups were compared to identify differences in arch asymmetry based on treatment. The lateral incisor and canine were found to be more palatal on the extraction side in patients treated with unilateral extractions (P < .001). Arch length increased (P < 0.001) and area under the arch decreased (P < 0.01) on the extraction side. On average, patients with asymmetric extractions did not finish with more arch asymmetry than those without asymmetric extractions.

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Maurer, Kathleen M. „Ned Rorem’s Poems of Love and the Rain and Paul Hindemith’s Hin und züruck: An Analysis of Two Twentieth-Century Vocal Works With an Emphasis On the Use of Mirror Form“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186589055.

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Bessini, Muñoz Juan Gabriel. „Form-finding and Performance of Bending-active Structures. Proposals of Application to Lightweight Braced Arches“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165575.

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[ES] Hoy en día, la arquitectura moderna está orientada principalmente al empleo eficiente de materiales tecnológicos y sostenibles, la tecnificación del proceso de diseño, proyecto y construcción, y la búsqueda de soluciones muy ligeras. Estas ideas se reflejan en las estructuras flexo-activas, que recientemente han atraído considerable atención como nuevo paradigma para construir estructuras ligeras, tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en la práctica. El término "flexión activa" hace referencia a una categoría de estructuras en las que la flexión se emplea en el proceso de configuración de su forma. Los sistemas estructurales flexo-activos incluyen barras o láminas incurvadas cuya geometría es el resultado de su deformación elástica desde una configuración inicial recta o plana. Hasta el momento, el número de realizaciones es limitado; se trata sobre todo de aplicaciones experimentales con funcionalidad arquitectónica o artística. La obtención de la configuración de equilibrio es una de las principales dificultades que aparecen en la fase de concepción, debido precisamente a la no linealidad de la respuesta estructural de las barras activas, así como a la posible interacción con otros elementos estructurales como membranas o cables, que trabajan por forma, y cuya geometría no se puede fijar de modo arbitrario. Los métodos computaciones de determinación de forma para estructuras flexo-activas incluyen modelos de elementos finitos con cables virtuales no lineales que se acortan hasta alcanzar la configuración final, o algoritmos de relajación dinámica que consideran las variables que caracterizan la deformación de las barras activas. Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objeto proporcionar un análisis en profundidad de la aplicabilidad del principio de flexión activa al diseño de estructuras ligeras, en particular a los puentes peatonales. Para ello, la investigación se aborda desde tres puntos de vista: a) modelización computacional; b) eficiencia estructural; c) diseño y construcción. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo una revisión de la bibliografía existente, haciendo hincapié en los trabajos previos en el diseño de pasarelas con flexión activa. En el campo de la modelización computacional, se desarrolla un novedoso método numérico de determinación de forma para estructuras flexo-activas basado en el modelo geométricamente exacto para piezas alargadas (también conocido como la teoría de vigas de Reissner-Simó). Distintos ejemplos numéricos han sido reproducidos para mostrar la exactitud del método. La parte de la investigación relacionada con el análisis de la eficiencia estructural se centra en el comportamiento del sistema flexo-activo propuesto en esta tesis para el diseño de estructuras ligeras: el arco flexo-activo arriostrado (o atirantado). Se trata de un arco plano compuesto por una barra flexible y continuo que se activa por la acción de los cables principales que tiran de ambos extremos de la varilla, y de los puntales o cables secundarios que desvían el cable principal y actúan en ciertas secciones transversales. La parte computacional-analítica se completa con el desarrollo de un procedimiento numérico basado en algoritmos genéticos, con el fin de obtener configuraciones estructurales eficientes. La tesis finaliza con el diseño, fabricación y montaje de una pasarela flexo-activa hecha con tubos PRFV utilizando este tipo estructural, realizada en el laboratorio de modelos de la Universitat Politècnica de València.
[CA] Hui dia, l'arquitectura moderna està orientada principalment a l'ús eficient de materials tecnològics i sostenibles, la tecnificació del procés de disseny, projecte i construcció, i la cerca de solucions molt lleugeres. Aquestes idees es reflecteixen en les estructures flexo-actives, que recentment han atret considerable atenció com a nou paradigma per a construir estructures lleugeres, tant en l'àmbit de la investigació com en la pràctica. El terme "flexió activa" fa referència a una categoria d'estructures en les quals la flexió s'empra en el procés de configuració de la seua forma. Els sistemes estructurals flexo-actius inclouen barres o làmines incorbades, la geometria de les quals és el resultat de la seua deformació elàstica des d'una configuració inicial recta o plana. Fins al moment, el nombre de realitzacions és limitat; es tracta sobretot d'aplicacions experimentals amb funcionalitat arquitectònica o artística. L'obtenció de la configuració d'equilibri és una de les principals dificultats que apareixen en la fase de concepció, degut precisament a la no linealitat de la resposta estructural de les barres actives, així com a la possible interacció amb altres elements estructurals com a membranes o cables, que treballen per forma, i la geometria de la qual no es pot fixar de manera arbitrària. Els mètodes computacions de determinació de forma per a estructures flexo-actives inclouen models d'elements finits amb cables virtuals no lineals que s'escurcen fins a aconseguir la configuració final, o algorismes de relaxació dinàmica que consideren les variables que caracteritzen la deformació de les barres actives. Aquesta tesi doctoral té per objecte proporcionar una anàlisi en profunditat de l'aplicabilitat del principi de flexió activa al disseny d'estructures lleugeres, en particular als ponts per als vianants. Per a això, la investigació s'aborda des de tres punts de vista: a) modelització computacional; b) eficiència estructural; c) disseny i construcció. En primer lloc, es duu a terme una revisió de la bibliografia existent, amb recalcament en els treballs previs en el disseny de passarel·les amb flexió activa. En el camp de la modelització computacional, es desenvolupa un nou mètode numèric de determinació de forma per a estructures flexo-actives basat en el model geomètricament exacte per a peces allargades (també conegut com la teoria de bigues de Reissner-Simó). Diferents exemples numèrics han sigut reproduïts per a mostrar l'exactitud del mètode. La part de la investigació relacionada amb l'anàlisi de l'eficiència estructural se centra en el comportament del sistema flexo-actiu proposat en aquesta tesi doctoral per al disseny d'estructures lleugeres: l' arc flexo-actiu esbiaixat (o lligat). Es tracta d'un arc pla compost per un membre flexible i continu que s'activa per l'acció dels cables principals que tiren de tots dos extrems de la vareta, i dels puntals o cables secundaris que desvien el cable principal i actuen en certa secció transversal de la vareta. La part computacional-analítica es completa amb el desenvolupament d'un procediment numèric basat en algorismes de tipus genètic, amb la finalitat d'obtindre configuracions estructurals eficients. La tesi finalitza amb el disseny, fabricació i muntatge d'una passarel·la flexo-activa feta amb tubs PRFV utilitzant aquest tipus estructural, realitzada en el laboratori de models de la Universitat Politècnica de València.
[EN] Nowadays, modern architecture is focused on the search of efficient uses of technological and sustainable materials, high-tech concept-design-erection processes and the possibility to produce lightweight solutions with maximum elegance in shape. These ideas are reflected on bending-active structures, which recently attracted considerable attention as a new paradigm to build lightweight structures both in research and practice. The concept 'active bending' refers to a category of structures in which bending is used in the process of shape configuration. Bending-active structural systems include curved rods or shells which have been elastically bent from an initial straight or plane configuration. As of now, the number of realisations is limited; they are mostly experimental ones, with architectural or artistic nature. Form finding of the equilibrium configuration is one of the main difficulties during the conceptual phase, due to the non-linearity of the structural response of the active members, and also to the interaction with other form-active structural elements as membranes or cables, whose geometry cannot be prescribed in advance. Computational form-finding methods for bending-active structures include finite element models with non-linear virtual links that are shortened to reach the final form, or dynamic relaxation (explicit) algorithms to cope with the variables describing the response of the active members. This PhD thesis aims to provide an indepth analysis on the applicability of the active bending principle to the design of lightweight structures, in particular pedestrian bridges. For that purpose, the work is carried out from three points of view: (a) computational modelling and simulation; (b) structural performance and efficiency; (c) design and construction. First of all, a literature review on the topic and a overview of realisations in the fied of bending-active footbridges is provided. In the field of computational modelling, a novel form-finding method based on the geometrically exact rod model (or Reissner-Simo beam theory) is implemented. Numerical examples are also given to show the accuracy of the method. The part of the work related to the analysis of the structural performance and efficiency is focused on the bending-active configuration proposed in this PhD thesis for designing lightweight structures: the bending-active braced (or tied) arch. This is a simple planar arch composed of a continuous flexible member that is activated by the action of main cables pulling at both ends of the rod, and secondary struts or cables that deviate the main cable and act at certain cross-section of the rod. The computational-analytical part is completed with the development of a numerical procedure based on genetic algorithms to obtain efficient structural configurations. The thesis ends with the design, fabrication and assembling of a bending-active short footbridge made of GFRP tubes using this structural type, held in the laboratory of concept models of the Polytechnic University of Valencia.
The author has had the opportunity to join the research project: Sistemas estructuras flexo-activos- Concepción, desarrollo y análisis de nuevos prototipos (FLEXACT - grant BIA2105-69330- P)
Bessini Muñoz, JG. (2021). Form-finding and Performance of Bending-active Structures. Proposals of Application to Lightweight Braced Arches [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165575
TESIS

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Soares, Thaís Macedo. „Comparação entre a forma e dimensão do arco dentário inferior de Brasileiros e Norte Americanos“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1269.

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A largura e a forma do arco dentário são importantes fatores para se determinar os objetivos e a estabilidade do tratamento ortodôntico. Este estudo visa determinar as diferenças morfológicas entre o arco dentário inferior de indivíduos Caucasianos Norte-Americanos (AM) e Caucasianos Brasileiros (BR), de acordo com a Classe de Angle e o gênero. A amostra foi constituída por 331 modelos de gesso pré-tratamento ortodôntico da arcada inferior, tendo sido obtida a partir de dois grupos: 160 Caucasianos Norte-Americanos (60 Classe I, 50 Classe II e 50 Classe III) e 171 Caucasianos Brasileiros (61 Classe I, 60 Classe II e 50 Classe III). As superfícies oclusais dos modelos de gesso foram fotocopiadas; a partir das imagens obtidas, foi identificado o ponto clínico do braquete para cada dente de acordo com a espessura do dente inferior referentes aos dados de Andrews. Baseado nestes pontos, foram realizadas medidas de dimensões do arco dentário com o uso de um paquímetro e verificada a forma do arco com templates ortodônticos. Os dados referentes às dimensões do arco foram avaliados estatisticamente através da análise de Kruskal-Wallis e para se avaliar a diferença na distribuição de freqüência de forma de arco foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostraram que existem diferenças significativas nas dimensões do arco dentário entre AM e BR. O grupo AM apresentou uma menor largura intercaninos que o grupo BR (p<0,05), exceto para o subgrupo feminino Classe I. A largura intermolares também foi menor no grupo AM (p<0,05), mas não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos subgrupos de Classe III. Os valores médios de profundidade de arco na região de caninos e de molares foram menores para o grupo BR, porém apenas significativas para o subgrupo feminino Classe I (p<0,05). Quando comparada a forma de arco houve diferença na distribuição de freqüência entre os grupos AM e BR, entretanto pelo tamanho da amostra e por serem dados nominais as diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Verificou-se que para o grupo AM a forma de arco mais prevalente foi a parabólica (44%), seguida pela ovóide (38%) e quadrática (18%). Para o grupo BR a forma prevalente foi a ovóide (43%), seguida pela parabólica (29%) e quadrática (28%). Para o subgrupo de Classe II houve uma maior freqüência da forma parabólica nos grupos AM e BR masculino; para o subgrupo de Classe III houve uma maior freqüência da forma quadrática para os grupos AM e BR feminino. Conclui-se que existem diferenças na forma e dimensão do arco dentário inferior entre os grupos AM e BR e de acordo com a Classificação de Angle. Clinicamente parece ser favorável a disponibilidade de fios ortodônticos com diversos tipos de arcos pré-formados de acordo com o grupo étnico e o tipo de maloclusão.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic differences between North American Caucasian (AM) and Brazilian Caucasian (BR) mandibular dental arches. The sample consisted of 331 pretreatment mandibular orthodontic plaster models divided in two groups; 160 of North American Caucasians (60 Class I, 50 Class II and 50 Class III) and 171 of Brazilians (61 Class I, 60 Class II and 50 Class III). The occlusal surfaces of the mandibular models were photocopied and the clinical bracket point for each tooth was identified. Templates were overlaid to select the arch form; additionally 4 linear and 2 proportional measurements were taken. The results showed significantly differences in arch dimension between the two ethnic groups. The AM group showed significantly smaller intercanine width (p<0,05), excepting for the Class I aches in the female group. In addition, the AM group also showed a significantly smaller intermolar width (p<0,05); no differences were found in the Class III malocclusion group though. The BR group showed smaller canine and molar depths, but the differences were significantly smaller only in the Class I female group (p<0,05). The comparison of arch forms between AM and BR revealed no statistically significant difference due to the insufficient sample size for nominal data. Despite that, differences in the frequency of distributions of the three arch forms were found. The tapered arch forms were more common in the AM group (44%), followed by ovoid (38%) and square (18%). The most frequent arch forms seen were the ovoid in the BR group (43%), followed by tapered (29%) and squared (28%). Differences among Angle classifications were observed in arch form; the Class II group exhibited the higher frequency of tapered arch forms and the Class III the higher frequency of squared arch form. Brazilian arch forms were more ovoid and the Caucasian arch forms were more tapered. Brazilian arches were wider than Caucasian arches. The arch form had a tendency to be more ovoid or tapered in Class I group, more tapered in Class II group, and more ovoid or square in Class III group. The arches had a tendency to be wider in Class III group and narrower in Class II group. The results suggest that it is necessary to have specific arch forms available according to the Angle Classification and ethnic group. Significant differences exist among the AM and BR mandibular arch form and dimensions. These differences are also observed between Angle classifications. Clinically, it seems reasonable to have different preformed arch wires available according to the ethnic group and type of malocclusion.

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Kavimandan, Surendra. „Towards understanding symbolic forms : comparative critique of the Jefferson Memorial Arch, St. Louis and La Grande Arche, Paris“. Kansas State University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36089.

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Wang, Xin Jun. „Failure criterion for masonry arch bridges“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318150.

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Raiford, William Arthur. „eGaIn Sensor for Plantar Arch Measurement“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417589.

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An essential part of gait training is providing real-time feedback, which has shown to be effective by allowing runners to identify and correct biomechanical dysfunctions in the leg movement while walking or running. Several types of sensing devices are used to provide measurements for the feedback used in gait training, including pressure sensing treadmills that measure forces exerted by the runner and motion capture systems that track and profile a runner’s motions. For conditions affecting the plantar arch measurements are harder to attain because of the location of the arch during gait. Currently, there are no sensing devices that offer reliable, real-time measurements on plantar arch deformation for runners with plantar arch injuries. This paper describes the design of a sensing device consisting of a soft, stretchy eGaIn strain sensor that can conform to the shape of a runner’s foot and measure the deformation of the plantar arch in real-time for gait training. The measurements from this device were found to correlate with the Arch Height Index, a reliable measurement used to classify arch structure.
Mechanical Engineering

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Paranhos, Luiz Renato. „Associação entre o padrão esqueletico facial, a morfologia da coroa do incisivo central superior e a forma do arco dental mandibular“. [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290763.

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Orientadores: Eduardo Daruge Junior, Fausto Berzin
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T06:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paranhos_LuizRenato_D.pdf: 2376791 bytes, checksum: 4c3d510528c5516e2786f5586893bea9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Objetivo: verificar a prevalência da morfologia do arco dental mandibular, da coroa do incisivo central superior e do padrão esquelético da face em brasileiros com oclusão normal natural, e determinar se existe associação entre estas variáveis. Material e Métodos: a amostra foi composta de 51 indivíduos leucodermas com oclusão normal natural, sem história de tratamento ortodôntico prévio, que apresentavam no mínimo quatro das seis chaves de oclusão de Andrews. O padrão esquelético da face foi definido por duas grandezas cefalométricas (SN.Gn e SN.GoGn). As imagens dos arcos dentais mandibulares e dos incisivos superiores geradas pela digitalização dos modelos foram avaliadas por 12 ortodontistas. Para verificar a concordância entre examinadores, quanto à classificação da morfologia do arco dental e do incisivo central, foi utilizado o teste Kappa. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis foi utilizado o teste do quiquadrado. Resultado: a prevalência de arco dental com formato ovalar foi de 41,17%, quadrangular de 39,22%, e triangular de 19,61%. Os dentes apresentaram a seguinte prevalência: ovalar (47,06%), seguido de quadrangular (31,37%) e triangular (21,57%). Quanto ao padrão esquelético da face foi encontrado 47% de indivíduos braquifaciais, seguido de 27% de indivíduos mesofaciais e 26% de dolicofaciais. O teste do qui-quadrado não mostrou haver associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis estudadas. Conclusão: a referência do padrão esquelético da face na determinação da morfologia do arco dental e/ou da coroa dental não é apropriada.
Abstract: Aim: to verify the prevalence of lower arch morphology, upper central incisor shape and craniofacial pattern among young Brazilians with natural normal occlusion. The study also evaluated any association among these variables. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 51 caucasian individuals featuring normal occlusion, with no history of previous orthodontic treatment, and matching at least four of six keys to optimal occlusion as described by Andrews. The craniofacial pattern was defined by two cephalometric measurements (SN.Gn and SN.GoGn). Lower arch and central upper incisor images were digitalized from plaster models. Twelve orthodontists evaluated every image. Agreement tests both for dental arch and upper incisor shape were performed using the Kappa method. Associations among variables were tested through the chi-square test. Results: oval dental arch form was found in 41.17% of the sample, square form in 39.22%, and triangular shape in 19.61%. Dental shape was prevalent as follows: oval (47.06%), square (31.37%) and triangular shape (21.57%). Forty-seven percent of the sample presented a brachycephalic pattern, 27% of subjects were mesocephalic, and 26% were dolicocephalic pattern. The chi-square test did not show statistically significant association among studied variables (craniofacial pattern, dental arch form and upper central incisor shape). Conclusion: the craniofacial pattern did not serve as a reference to estimate dental arch form or dental crown shape.
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental

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Bücher zum Thema "Arch form"

Machado, Ana Maria. De fora da arca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Salamandra, 1996.

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Seidl, Ernst. La Grande Arche in Paris: Form, Macht, Sinn. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Kovač, 1998.

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Abel, Brenner Gail, Zhong Grace Yi Qiu und Arco Publishing Company, Hrsg. ARCO Master the TOEFL. 2. Aufl. Lawrenceville, N.J: Thomson/Peterson's, 2004.

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Sullivan, Patricia Noble. Arco master the TOEFL 2005. Lawrenceville, NJ: Thomson/Peterson's, 2004.

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Loyal Orange Institution of British North America. Forms of the Royal Arch Purple Mark to be observed in private lodges of the Loyal Orange Institution of British North America. Toronto: Daily Telegraph Pub. House, 1986.

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America, Loyal Orange Association of British. Forms and ritual of the Royal Arch Order to be observed in private lodges of the Orange Association of British North America. Cobourg [Ont.]: Printed for the Association at the "Cobourg Star", 1987.

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America, Loyal Orange Institution of British North. Forms of the Royal Arch Purple Mark Order to be observed in private lodges of the Loyal Orange Institution of British North America. [Toronto?: s.n.], 1985.

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Serra, Richard. Richard Serra: Running arcs (for John Cage). Herausgegeben von Krempel Ulrich und Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen (Germany). Düsseldorf: Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, 1992.

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Dijk, Johannes Petrus van. Late Neogene fore-arc basin evolution in the Calabrian Arc (central Mediterranean): Tectonic sequence stratigraphy and dynamic geohistory : with special reference to the geology of Central Calabria = Laat Neogene voor-boog bekken evolutie in de Calabrese Boog (Centrale Middellandse zeegebied) : tekonische sekwentie-stratigrafie en dynamische geohistory : met speciale referentie naar de geologie van centraal Calabrië. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1992.

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Meissner, Hanns. Creating blue space: Fostering innovative support practices for people with developmental disabilities. Toronto: Inclusion Press, 2013.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Arch form"

Johns, Ryan Luke. „Augmented Reality and the Fabrication of Gestural Form“. In Rob | Arch 2012, 248–55. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1465-0_29.

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Järvenpää, Esko, Rauno Heikkilä und Matti-Esko Järvenpää. „Geometric Non-linear Form-Finding Design for Optimal Tied Arch Bridge“. In Structural Integrity, 230–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29227-0_22.

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Berkowitz, Samuel, Samuel Berkowitz und Samuel Berkowitz. „The Effect of Clefting of the Lip and Palate and the Palatal Arch Form“. In Cleft Lip and Palate, 61–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30770-6_4.

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Lazzara, Michael J. „Forum“. In Luz Arce and Pinochet’s Chile, 151–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118423_10.

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Hicks, B. B. „Arch“. In Topics in Micrometeorology. A Festschrift for Arch Dyer, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2935-7_1.

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Imoto, Yutaka. „Interrupted Aortic Arch“. In Cardiovascular Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease, 42–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99470-1_6.

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DeRoo, Scott, Jonathan R. Dillman, Philip Cascade, Richard G. Ohye und Baskaran Sundaram. „Aortic Arch Anomalies“. In Cardiac CT and MR for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, 525–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8875-0_24.

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Hussong, Donald M., und Patricia Fryer. „Fore-Arc Tectonics in the Northern Mariana Arc“. In Formation of Active Ocean Margins, 273–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4720-7_12.

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Monro, J. L. „Interruption of the Aortic Arch“. In Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects, 299–305. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470093188.ch21.

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Kelly, Henry Ansgar. „Saint Joan and Confession: Internal and External Forum“. In Joan of Arc and Spirituality, 61–84. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06954-2_4.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Arch form"

Mae, Toshifumi, und Shuichi Asayama. „Architectural Design and Structure of Computer-Generated Arch with Fractal Geometric Form“. In Eighth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE-VIII). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40513(279)98.

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Järvenpää, Esko, und Arne Jutila. „Ultimate spans and optimal rise relations of steel arches“. In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0990.

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Arched structures have been in use more than three thousand years. The span length of the arch in bridge construction has already exceeded 550 meters. Even longer arch bridges have been designed. The development of arch structures has not been as fast as in cable-stayed bridges during the resent 30 years, when cable-stayed bridges have reached spans more than 1100 m. However, arch structures are becoming more common, especially in bridges.The purpose of this paper is to arouse interest in arch structures as well as to open up basic issues related to optimal arch design. The paper discusses the parabolic arch, the catenary arch, and the constant stress arch. The optimum heights, which produce the minimum amount of material, are solved. The importance of form- finding design is emphasized.The optimum heights are solved mathematically. In addition, a non-linear iteration procedure, based on vector algebra solution, is used in finding the optimum shape of the moment-less arch. The applications of traditional graphic static and the usage of vector algebra are useful practical tools for designers, especially during the preliminary design stages.The maximum theoretical arch spans are remarkably long. At a stress level of 500 MPa, the ultimate span of a steel arch is 19 635 m. The optimal heights of the arches are bigger than traditionally expected. For example, for a parabolic arch, the optimum span to height relation l/h is 2.309. It can also be mentioned that the optimum height ratio of 2.962, derived for the catenary arch, has so far been an unknown figure for designers.The theoretical maximal dimensions resolved in the paper indicate that the dimensions of arches can be increased further.

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Ong, Chong Yong, Kok Keong Choong, Tai Boon Ong, Kenny Chia und Wong Fook Kan. „Design and Construction of Triple-Span Precast Concrete Open Spandrel Arch Bridge“. In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0925.

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Design and construction of a triple-span precast concrete open spandrel arch bridge over a river for an integrated commercial and residential development project is presented. Due to the bridge skew angle and necessity for the newly constructed bridge to serve as one of the landmark along the river for this project, a triple-span precast arch bridge with open-spandrel concept was designed with special consideration to aspect of speedy construction. Precast construction technique was adopted with three main precast concrete components, namely open-spandrel supporting arch frame, tie beam and plank for composite slab. Arch span of 19m with rise of 4.25m, and arch span of 25.0m with rise of 5.0m were designed respectively for two side spans and middle span of the bridge. The main supporting arch component was made of two units of half arches joined at the crown with a specially designed joint. Besides the traffic loading, the design of these supporting arches was carried out taking into account aspect of transportation of the precast unit to site and also aspect of ease of erection at site. After the two supporting arch units and tie-beams were launched using cranes, special joint at the crown was cast to form a rigid arch frame. The construction process of the precast arch bridge with minimal number of joints connecting specially designed precast units meet the construction time frame and budget set by the client.

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Stagnitto, Giuseppe, und Alessandro Pederzani. „An innovative approach for the assessment of masonry bridges based on two new limit analysis theorems“. In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0176.

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The structural safety of a masonry arch bridge is usually assessed using the so-called kinematic approach. In this paper it is proved that the adoption of the dual static method can be more convenient, since a recent theorem (the Minimum Equilibrated Compression theorem) makes its application straightforward for any kind of arch. Computations are checked via the kinematic method by locating the plastic hinges (as many as needed to form a collapse mechanism) in the sections with maximum compression stress. Thanks to the Consecutive Plastic Hinges theorem, the kinematic multiplier may be then evaluated, using familiar moments of forces, without computing the virtual displacements due to the vertical and horizontal loads acting on the arch.

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Stranburg, Tyler, Yucheng Liu, Harish Chander und Adam Knight. „Computational Design and Analysis of Nitinol-Based Arch Wedge Support“. In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86287.

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A nitinol-based arch wedge support (AWS) was designed using computational approach. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to on this design to assess the influence of loading, boundary conditions, and thickness on the mechanical response of the computer-aid design (CAD) model. Five loading conditions caused by different human movements, two boundary conditions, and three thicknesses are involved in this computational study. FEA results showed that the presented AWS design can resist forces caused by different human motions without generating any permanent deformation. The study features the first time to design and evaluate a thin-walled nitinol AWS model. The results of this study form the background of prototyping and experimental testing of the design in the next phase.

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Wang, Yajuan, Onur Dur, Michael J. Patrick, Joseph P. Tinney, Kimimasa Tobita, Kerem Pekkan und Bradley B. Keller. „Hemodynamic Investigation of Normal Developing Aortic Arch in the Chick Embryo“. In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193264.

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Governed by genetic and epigenetic feedback [1], during embryonic cardiac development, the anatomy of aortic arches demonstrates drastic three dimensional (3D) changes that interact with the function of cardiovascular system. Six major pairs of aortic arches appear at different embryonic periods and eventually form the two brachiocephalic arteries (left and right third), an aortic arch (left fourth) and pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (left and right sixth) [2–4], Fig 1. Flow-driven hemodynamic loading plays a major role in this dynamic process. Morphological studies on the embryonic aortic arches began over 100 years ago while the recent remarkable developments include understanding genetic determinants such as the effects of neural crest cells [5,6]. However the relationship between hemodynamic factors and the dynamic 3D geometry changes is still limited requiring an interdisciplinary research effort [7,8].

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Ong, Chong Yong, Kok Keong Choong, Geem Eng Tan und Tai Boon Ong. „Full Scale Load Test of A 20m Span Precast Concrete Closed Spandrel Arch Bridge System With Corrugated Section“. In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0933.

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A new form of precast concrete closed spandrel arch bridge with corrugated section was introduced and developed in Malaysia in the year of 2008. Due to its high stiffness to self-weight ratio, this precast arch system is beneficial to the sustainable bridge construction. In order to study the actual performance of this precast arch system, a full scale load test on a 20m span arch bridge using two 88 tonnes trucks is presented in this paper. Total of five types of truck arrangement were carried out. Vertical deflection at mid span and foundation settlement were measured. It is found that the maximum vertical deflection recorded under 2 x 88 tons trucks was 3.67mm, corresponding to 1/5450 (deflection/span) ratio and there was no noticeable settlement of foundation. Analysis model load test is done using 2D analysis model PLAXIS. The results were compared to the designed analysis model with HB-45 unit loading. It is found that the internal forces of the load test are closed to the designed loading. However, the deflection in the load test analysis model is higher than actual measured deflection, probably due to the assumed value of soil modulus of elasticity and concrete modulus of elasticity. In order to approximate the deflection in the load test analysis model to the actual measured deflection, a series of sensitivity analysis on different soil young modulus and concrete young modulus were carried out.

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Hajjaj, Amal Z., Md Abdullah Al Hafiz und Mohammad I. Younis. „Tunable Bandpass Filter Based on Electrothermally and Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Arch Resonator“. In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66700.

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This paper demonstrates experimentally a wide bandpass filter based on an electrothermally tuned single MEMS arch resonator operated in air. The in-plane resonator is fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer with a deliberate curvature to form an arch shape. A DC voltage is applied across the anchors to pass current through the resonator to induce heat and modulate its stiffness, and hence its resonance frequencies. We show that the first resonance frequency increases up to twice of the initial value while the third resonance frequency decreases until getting very close to the first resonance frequency. This leads to the phenomenon of veering, near crossing, where both modes exchange roles. Hence, the first resonance frequency becomes insensitive to axial forces and thermal actuation whereas the third resonance natural frequency becomes very sensitive. We demonstrate an exploitation of the veering phenomenon to realize a bandpass filter, where the first and third resonance modes are excited electrostatically simultaneously to achieve a bandpass. We demonstrate also that by driving both modes nonlinearly near the veering regime, so that the first mode shows softening behavior and the third mode shows hardening behavior, sudden jumps in the response from both modes are induced leading to sharp roll off from the bandpass to the stop band. We show a flat, wide, and tunable bandwidth and center frequency by controlling the electrothermal actuation voltage.

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Bateni, M., und M. R. Eslami. „Effect of Temperature Gradient on the Mechanical Buckling Resistance of FGM Shallow Arches“. In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20363.

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This work presents a closed form investigation on the effect of temperature gradient on the buckling resistance of functionally graded material (FGM) shallow arches. The constituents are assumed to vary smoothly through the thickness of the arch according to the power law distribution and they are assumed to be temperature dependent. The arches subjected to the both uniform distributed radial load and central concentrated load and both boundary supports are supposed to be pinned. The temperature field is approximated by one-dimensional linear gradient through the thickness of the arch and the displacement field approximated by classical arches model. Also, Donnell type kinematics is utilized to extract the suitable strain-displacement relations for shallow arches. Adjacent equilibrium criterion is used to buckling analysis, and, critical bifurcation load is obtain in the complete presence of pre-buckling deformations. Results discloses the usefulness of using the FGM shallow arches in thermal environment because the temperature gradient enhances the buckling resistance of these structures when they are subjected to a lateral mechanical load.

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Khanbikova, Regina, Venera Bazarevskaya, Oleg Sotnikov und Albert Bachkov. „Oil Saturation Index in Hydrophobic Carbonate Reservoir: Evaluation Aspects“. In SPE Symposium: Petrophysics XXI. Core, Well Logging, and Well Testing. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208416-ms.

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Abstract Hydrocarbon reserves in carbonate reservoirs account for 38% - 60% of total world reserves, according to different estimates. In Tatarstan, carbonate reservoirs are found, mostly, in the eastern slope of the Melekess Depression and the South-Tatarian Arch. The carbonate reservoirs are confined to the Middle and Lower Carboniferous sediments, the Upper Devonian (including the domanik sediments), and the Upper Permian (the Kazanian heavy oil accumulations). Considering an extensive geographic and stratigraphic range and differing tectonic and sedimentation environments, the carbonate rocks are characterized by a variety of reservoir properties. In contrast to terrigenous rocks, the carbonate void space is complicated by secondary processes that took place much later than the sedimentogenesis-lithogenesis stage. Numerous fissures, caves, sutures, and stylolites form the void space of the reservoir rock matrix containing commercial hydrocarbon reserves. In addition to fracturing and vugginess contributing to increase of void space of carbonate rocks, the secondary processes include sulphatisation and secondary dolomitization (in limestones), adding to deterioration of reservoir properties. The secondary processes impede understanding and evaluation of reservoir properties and saturation potential, in particular, determination of the oil and gas saturation factors (Dyakonova T.F. et al, 2019, Akhmetov R.T. et al, 2017)/ In the western slope of the South-Tatarian Arch, carbonate reservoirs are confined to the Middle and Lower Carboniferous sediments. Numerous RCAL and SCAL investigations provided valuable insight into these targets. In this paper, we used data from the laboratory experiments and studies of core and oil samples from the six neighbor fields on the western slope of the South-Tatarian Arch. Because of common sedimentological and tectonic sedimentation environments and lithological similarity of rocks within the stratigraphic referencing, the six fields under analysis were considered as analogous, and the results of the laboratory studies of the samples were reviewed collectively.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Arch form"

Demchyna, Bohdan, und Yaroslav Shydlovskyi. Recommendations for Designing Wooden Arches on Metal-toothed Plates. Intellectual Archive, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_18.

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This paper presents the findings of the pilot studies and recommendations for designing of two-hinged wooden arches. The prototype models of wooden arches with the span of 6mand the rise of 1m were designed. The models had a rectangular cross-section of 180x40mm and a T-section of 180x40mm with a plywood plate with the thickness of 6 mm and the width of 500mm. The main objective of the T-section was to ensure the stability of the arch. Each arch was composed of six segments –boards joined by clamping plates. The bowstring truss including two inclined tie bars enables carrying asymmetric loads and provides in-plane stability of the arch. A methodology for laboratory testing of the prototype models of wooden arches subjected to different types of loads was developed. Two prototypes of wooden arches were tested with rectangular cross-sections and two T-section ones subjected to the loading across the span, and two prototypes subjected to the half-span loading. In total, eight arches were tested. Deflections of arches, cross-section deformations and arch thrust force were recorded. The arches were tested until failure. The results of testing revealed insufficient stability of the arches with rectangular cross-section in the horizontal plane. For the arches with T-section the whole arch rib was damaged, the in-plane stability was ensured by the T-section. The collapsing force of the T-section arch was about 1.3 times greater than the collapsing force of the rectangular section arches.

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Wang, Wenlin. Minimally invasive operation for costal arch deformity. Science Repository OÜ, Juli 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.scr.2018.02.004.

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Nelson, Daniel, und Dean Foster. Asypmtotic Filtering Theory for Univariate Arch Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0129.

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Nelson, Daniel. Asymptotic Filtering Theory for Multivariate ARCH Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0162.

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Feng, X., P. E. Bloomer, N. Chantaraprachoom, M. Gong und D. A. Lamar. Waste form development for a DC arc furnace. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/555374.

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Engle, Robert, Victor Ng und Michael Rothschild. Asset Pricing with a Factor Arch Covariance Structure: Empirical Estimates for Treasury Bills. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0065.

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Blaskiewicz, M. Copper coating specification for the RHIC arcs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001748.

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Halverson, B. H., L. W. Sohns und R. A. Whannell. Submerged ARC Welding Investigation of Tubular Electrodes Designed for Submerged ARC Welding Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445653.

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Wei, J., S. Peggs, S. Tepikian, P. A. Thompson, G. Trahern und D. Trbojevic. Review Procedure for Arc Region Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119479.

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Leckie, D., B. Hayes und M. Staniland. Formation and member top database for the Peace River Formation in the Peace River Arch area. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/203753.

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