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Pournaghshband, Asal. „Form-finding of arch structures“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87332/.
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In this thesis, the optimal shape of two-pin arches of constant cross-section is found analytically using a novel form-finding technique. To find the purely compressed arches built of masonry and concrete material, the state of static equilibrium is applied. As the main finding, the momentless two-pin arch shape is derived for the arches with any span-to-height ratio subjected to its self-weight (SW) and uniformly distributed load (UDL). The contribution of using momentless arches is shown through comparing their maximum displacements to those of parabolic shape. The first failure of the cross-section of the momentless and parabolic arches was then compared for the same loading. This work is conducted practising the knowledge of arch response to loading as a function of the chosen form. In this regard, a comprehensive study of the behaviour of different arch shapes considering different ratios of uniformly distributed load to self-weight (UDL:SW) is also carried out. The ideal common arch shape is investigated for minimum combined axial and bending stresses using the commercial software GSA. The optimal range of span-to-height ratio of common two-pin arch shapes is also suggested. In general, the best arch performance is exhibited for the parabolic and catenary arch with span-to-height ratios between 2–4 when UDL:SW≥1 and UDL:SW < 1 respectively. However, the circular arch demonstrates the least desirable performance with the optimum range of span-to-height ratio between 4–6. Moreover, approximate methods of two-pin arch analysis are evaluated, including the masonry design method and virtual work method suggested by Megson (2006). The effect of the assumptions made by these methods on the result of analysing two-pin arches is investigated through comparing their results to those obtained by the second theorem of Castigliano, including full structural action and the GSA results.
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McNamara, Clare. „An evaluation of clinicians methods of arch form selection“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492648.
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Struhs, Theodore William. „Effects of Unilateral Extraction Treatment on Arch Symmetry and Occlusion“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/742.
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Occlusal asymmetries are common in orthodontic patients. A treatment option for correcting moderate asymmetries is asymmetric extractions. This study evaluated post-treatment dental arch symmetry in patients treated with unilateral premolar extractions. Post-treatment casts of 60 patients were divided into four treatment groups based on the history of occlusal asymmetry and the treatment plan. DesignCAD3000 software (Upperspace Corporation, Pryor, OK) was used to evaluate asymmetrically treated arches for symmetry. The four treatment groups were compared to identify differences in arch asymmetry based on treatment. The lateral incisor and canine were found to be more palatal on the extraction side in patients treated with unilateral extractions (P < .001). Arch length increased (P < 0.001) and area under the arch decreased (P < 0.01) on the extraction side. On average, patients with asymmetric extractions did not finish with more arch asymmetry than those without asymmetric extractions.
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Maurer, Kathleen M. „Ned Rorem’s Poems of Love and the Rain and Paul Hindemith’s Hin und züruck: An Analysis of Two Twentieth-Century Vocal Works With an Emphasis On the Use of Mirror Form“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186589055.
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Bessini, Muñoz Juan Gabriel. „Form-finding and Performance of Bending-active Structures. Proposals of Application to Lightweight Braced Arches“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165575.
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[ES] Hoy en día, la arquitectura moderna está orientada principalmente al empleo eficiente de materiales tecnológicos y sostenibles, la tecnificación del proceso de diseño, proyecto y construcción, y la búsqueda de soluciones muy ligeras. Estas ideas se reflejan en las estructuras flexo-activas, que recientemente han atraído considerable atención como nuevo paradigma para construir estructuras ligeras, tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en la práctica.
El término "flexión activa" hace referencia a una categoría de estructuras en las que la flexión se emplea en el proceso de configuración de su forma. Los sistemas estructurales flexo-activos incluyen barras o láminas incurvadas cuya geometría es el resultado de su deformación elástica desde una configuración inicial recta o plana. Hasta el momento, el número de realizaciones es limitado; se trata sobre todo de aplicaciones experimentales con funcionalidad arquitectónica o artística. La obtención de la configuración de equilibrio es una de las principales dificultades que aparecen en la fase de concepción, debido precisamente a la no linealidad de la respuesta estructural de las barras activas, así como a la posible interacción con otros elementos estructurales como membranas o cables, que trabajan por forma, y cuya geometría no se puede fijar de modo arbitrario. Los métodos computaciones de determinación de forma para estructuras flexo-activas incluyen modelos de elementos finitos con cables virtuales no lineales que se acortan hasta alcanzar la configuración final, o algoritmos de relajación dinámica que consideran las variables que caracterizan la deformación de las barras activas.
Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objeto proporcionar un análisis en profundidad de la aplicabilidad del principio de flexión activa al diseño de estructuras ligeras, en particular a los puentes peatonales. Para ello, la investigación se aborda desde tres puntos de vista: a) modelización computacional; b) eficiencia estructural; c) diseño y construcción. En primer lugar, se lleva a cabo una revisión de la bibliografía existente, haciendo hincapié en los trabajos previos en el diseño de pasarelas con flexión activa. En el campo de la modelización computacional, se desarrolla un novedoso método numérico de determinación de forma para estructuras flexo-activas basado en el modelo geométricamente exacto para piezas alargadas (también conocido como la teoría de vigas de Reissner-Simó). Distintos ejemplos numéricos han sido reproducidos para mostrar la exactitud del método. La parte de la investigación relacionada con el análisis de la eficiencia estructural se centra en el comportamiento del sistema flexo-activo propuesto en esta tesis para el diseño de estructuras ligeras: el arco flexo-activo arriostrado (o atirantado). Se trata de un arco plano compuesto por una barra flexible y continuo que se activa por la acción de los cables principales que tiran de ambos extremos de la varilla, y de los puntales o cables secundarios que desvían el cable principal y actúan en ciertas secciones transversales. La parte computacional-analítica se completa con el desarrollo de un procedimiento numérico basado en algoritmos genéticos, con el fin de obtener configuraciones estructurales eficientes. La tesis finaliza con el diseño, fabricación y montaje de una pasarela flexo-activa hecha con tubos PRFV utilizando este tipo estructural, realizada en el laboratorio de modelos de la Universitat Politècnica de València.[CA] Hui dia, l'arquitectura moderna està orientada principalment a l'ús eficient de materials tecnològics i sostenibles, la tecnificació del procés de disseny, projecte i construcció, i la cerca de solucions molt lleugeres. Aquestes idees es reflecteixen en les estructures flexo-actives, que recentment han atret considerable atenció com a nou paradigma per a construir estructures lleugeres, tant en l'àmbit de la investigació com en la pràctica. El terme "flexió activa" fa referència a una categoria d'estructures en les quals la flexió s'empra en el procés de configuració de la seua forma. Els sistemes estructurals flexo-actius inclouen barres o làmines incorbades, la geometria de les quals és el resultat de la seua deformació elàstica des d'una configuració inicial recta o plana. Fins al moment, el nombre de realitzacions és limitat; es tracta sobretot d'aplicacions experimentals amb funcionalitat arquitectònica o artística. L'obtenció de la configuració d'equilibri és una de les principals dificultats que apareixen en la fase de concepció, degut precisament a la no linealitat de la resposta estructural de les barres actives, així com a la possible interacció amb altres elements estructurals com a membranes o cables, que treballen per forma, i la geometria de la qual no es pot fixar de manera arbitrària. Els mètodes computacions de determinació de forma per a estructures flexo-actives inclouen models d'elements finits amb cables virtuals no lineals que s'escurcen fins a aconseguir la configuració final, o algorismes de relaxació dinàmica que consideren les variables que caracteritzen la deformació de les barres actives. Aquesta tesi doctoral té per objecte proporcionar una anàlisi en profunditat de l'aplicabilitat del principi de flexió activa al disseny d'estructures lleugeres, en particular als ponts per als vianants. Per a això, la investigació s'aborda des de tres punts de vista: a) modelització computacional; b) eficiència estructural; c) disseny i construcció. En primer lloc, es duu a terme una revisió de la bibliografia existent, amb recalcament en els treballs previs en el disseny de passarel·les amb flexió activa. En el camp de la modelització computacional, es desenvolupa un nou mètode numèric de determinació de forma per a estructures flexo-actives basat en el model geomètricament exacte per a peces allargades (també conegut com la teoria de bigues de Reissner-Simó). Diferents exemples numèrics han sigut reproduïts per a mostrar l'exactitud del mètode. La part de la investigació relacionada amb l'anàlisi de l'eficiència estructural se centra en el comportament del sistema flexo-actiu proposat en aquesta tesi doctoral per al disseny d'estructures lleugeres: l' arc flexo-actiu esbiaixat (o lligat). Es tracta d'un arc pla compost per un membre flexible i continu que s'activa per l'acció dels cables principals que tiren de tots dos extrems de la vareta, i dels puntals o cables secundaris que desvien el cable principal i actuen en certa secció transversal de la vareta. La part computacional-analítica es completa amb el desenvolupament d'un procediment numèric basat en algorismes de tipus genètic, amb la finalitat d'obtindre configuracions estructurals eficients. La tesi finalitza amb el disseny, fabricació i muntatge d'una passarel·la flexo-activa feta amb tubs PRFV utilitzant aquest tipus estructural, realitzada en el laboratori de models de la Universitat Politècnica de València.
[EN] Nowadays, modern architecture is focused on the search of efficient uses of technological and sustainable materials, high-tech concept-design-erection processes and the possibility to produce lightweight solutions with maximum elegance in shape. These ideas are reflected on bending-active structures, which recently attracted considerable attention as a new paradigm to build lightweight structures both in research and practice. The concept 'active bending' refers to a category of structures in which bending is used in the process of shape configuration. Bending-active structural systems include curved rods or shells which have been elastically bent from an initial straight or plane configuration. As of now, the number of realisations is limited; they are mostly experimental ones, with architectural or artistic nature. Form finding of the equilibrium configuration is one of the main difficulties during the conceptual phase, due to the non-linearity of the structural response of the active members, and also to the interaction with other form-active structural elements as membranes or cables, whose geometry cannot be prescribed in advance. Computational form-finding methods for bending-active structures include finite element models with non-linear virtual links that are shortened to reach the final form, or dynamic relaxation (explicit) algorithms to cope with the variables describing the response of the active members. This PhD thesis aims to provide an indepth analysis on the applicability of the active bending principle to the design of lightweight structures, in particular pedestrian bridges. For that purpose, the work is carried out from three points of view: (a) computational modelling and simulation; (b) structural performance and efficiency; (c) design and construction. First of all, a literature review on the topic and a overview of realisations in the fied of bending-active footbridges is provided. In the field of computational modelling, a novel form-finding method based on the geometrically exact rod model (or Reissner-Simo beam theory) is implemented. Numerical examples are also given to show the accuracy of the method. The part of the work related to the analysis of the structural performance and efficiency is focused on the bending-active configuration proposed in this PhD thesis for designing lightweight structures: the bending-active braced (or tied) arch. This is a simple planar arch composed of a continuous flexible member that is activated by the action of main cables pulling at both ends of the rod, and secondary struts or cables that deviate the main cable and act at certain cross-section of the rod. The computational-analytical part is completed with the development of a numerical procedure based on genetic algorithms to obtain efficient structural configurations. The thesis ends with the design, fabrication and assembling of a bending-active short footbridge made of GFRP tubes using this structural type, held in the laboratory of concept models of the Polytechnic University of Valencia.
The author has had the opportunity to join the research project: Sistemas estructuras flexo-activos- Concepción, desarrollo y análisis de nuevos prototipos (FLEXACT - grant BIA2105-69330- P)
Bessini Muñoz, JG. (2021). Form-finding and Performance of Bending-active Structures. Proposals of Application to Lightweight Braced Arches [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165575
TESIS
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Soares, Thaís Macedo. „Comparação entre a forma e dimensão do arco dentário inferior de Brasileiros e Norte Americanos“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1269.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA largura e a forma do arco dentário são importantes fatores para se determinar os objetivos e a estabilidade do tratamento ortodôntico. Este estudo visa determinar as diferenças morfológicas entre o arco dentário inferior de indivíduos Caucasianos Norte-Americanos (AM) e Caucasianos Brasileiros (BR), de acordo com a Classe de Angle e o gênero. A amostra foi constituída por 331 modelos de gesso pré-tratamento ortodôntico da arcada inferior, tendo sido obtida a partir de dois grupos: 160 Caucasianos Norte-Americanos (60 Classe I, 50 Classe II e 50 Classe III) e 171 Caucasianos Brasileiros (61 Classe I, 60 Classe II e 50 Classe III). As superfícies oclusais dos modelos de gesso foram fotocopiadas; a partir das imagens obtidas, foi identificado o ponto clínico do braquete para cada dente de acordo com a espessura do dente inferior referentes aos dados de Andrews. Baseado nestes pontos, foram realizadas medidas de dimensões do arco dentário com o uso de um paquímetro e verificada a forma do arco com templates ortodônticos. Os dados referentes às dimensões do arco foram avaliados estatisticamente através da análise de Kruskal-Wallis e para se avaliar a diferença na distribuição de freqüência de forma de arco foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostraram que existem diferenças significativas nas dimensões do arco dentário entre AM e BR. O grupo AM apresentou uma menor largura intercaninos que o grupo BR (p<0,05), exceto para o subgrupo feminino Classe I. A largura intermolares também foi menor no grupo AM (p<0,05), mas não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos subgrupos de Classe III. Os valores médios de profundidade de arco na região de caninos e de molares foram menores para o grupo BR, porém apenas significativas para o subgrupo feminino Classe I (p<0,05). Quando comparada a forma de arco houve diferença na distribuição de freqüência entre os grupos AM e BR, entretanto pelo tamanho da amostra e por serem dados nominais as diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Verificou-se que para o grupo AM a forma de arco mais prevalente foi a parabólica (44%), seguida pela ovóide (38%) e quadrática (18%). Para o grupo BR a forma prevalente foi a ovóide (43%), seguida pela parabólica (29%) e quadrática (28%). Para o subgrupo de Classe II houve uma maior freqüência da forma parabólica nos grupos AM e BR masculino; para o subgrupo de Classe III houve uma maior freqüência da forma quadrática para os grupos AM e BR feminino. Conclui-se que existem diferenças na forma e dimensão do arco dentário inferior entre os grupos AM e BR e de acordo com a Classificação de Angle. Clinicamente parece ser favorável a disponibilidade de fios ortodônticos com diversos tipos de arcos pré-formados de acordo com o grupo étnico e o tipo de maloclusão.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic differences between North American Caucasian (AM) and Brazilian Caucasian (BR) mandibular dental arches. The sample consisted of 331 pretreatment mandibular orthodontic plaster models divided in two groups; 160 of North American Caucasians (60 Class I, 50 Class II and 50 Class III) and 171 of Brazilians (61 Class I, 60 Class II and 50 Class III). The occlusal surfaces of the mandibular models were photocopied and the clinical bracket point for each tooth was identified. Templates were overlaid to select the arch form; additionally 4 linear and 2 proportional measurements were taken. The results showed significantly differences in arch dimension between the two ethnic groups. The AM group showed significantly smaller intercanine width (p<0,05), excepting for the Class I aches in the female group. In addition, the AM group also showed a significantly smaller intermolar width (p<0,05); no differences were found in the Class III malocclusion group though. The BR group showed smaller canine and molar depths, but the differences were significantly smaller only in the Class I female group (p<0,05). The comparison of arch forms between AM and BR revealed no statistically significant difference due to the insufficient sample size for nominal data. Despite that, differences in the frequency of distributions of the three arch forms were found. The tapered arch forms were more common in the AM group (44%), followed by ovoid (38%) and square (18%). The most frequent arch forms seen were the ovoid in the BR group (43%), followed by tapered (29%) and squared (28%). Differences among Angle classifications were observed in arch form; the Class II group exhibited the higher frequency of tapered arch forms and the Class III the higher frequency of squared arch form. Brazilian arch forms were more ovoid and the Caucasian arch forms were more tapered. Brazilian arches were wider than Caucasian arches. The arch form had a tendency to be more ovoid or tapered in Class I group, more tapered in Class II group, and more ovoid or square in Class III group. The arches had a tendency to be wider in Class III group and narrower in Class II group. The results suggest that it is necessary to have specific arch forms available according to the Angle Classification and ethnic group. Significant differences exist among the AM and BR mandibular arch form and dimensions. These differences are also observed between Angle classifications. Clinically, it seems reasonable to have different preformed arch wires available according to the ethnic group and type of malocclusion.
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Kavimandan, Surendra. „Towards understanding symbolic forms : comparative critique of the Jefferson Memorial Arch, St. Louis and La Grande Arche, Paris“. Kansas State University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36089.
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Wang, Xin Jun. „Failure criterion for masonry arch bridges“. Thesis, University of Dundee, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318150.
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Raiford, William Arthur. „eGaIn Sensor for Plantar Arch Measurement“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417589.
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An essential part of gait training is providing real-time feedback, which has shown to be effective by allowing runners to identify and correct biomechanical dysfunctions in the leg movement while walking or running. Several types of sensing devices are used to provide measurements for the feedback used in gait training, including pressure sensing treadmills that measure forces exerted by the runner and motion capture systems that track and profile a runner’s motions. For conditions affecting the plantar arch measurements are harder to attain because of the location of the arch during gait. Currently, there are no sensing devices that offer reliable, real-time measurements on plantar arch deformation for runners with plantar arch injuries. This paper describes the design of a sensing device consisting of a soft, stretchy eGaIn strain sensor that can conform to the shape of a runner’s foot and measure the deformation of the plantar arch in real-time for gait training. The measurements from this device were found to correlate with the Arch Height Index, a reliable measurement used to classify arch structure.Mechanical Engineering
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Paranhos, Luiz Renato. „Associação entre o padrão esqueletico facial, a morfologia da coroa do incisivo central superior e a forma do arco dental mandibular“. [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290763.
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Orientadores: Eduardo Daruge Junior, Fausto BerzinTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T06:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paranhos_LuizRenato_D.pdf: 2376791 bytes, checksum: 4c3d510528c5516e2786f5586893bea9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Objetivo: verificar a prevalência da morfologia do arco dental mandibular, da coroa do incisivo central superior e do padrão esquelético da face em brasileiros com oclusão normal natural, e determinar se existe associação entre estas variáveis. Material e Métodos: a amostra foi composta de 51 indivíduos leucodermas com oclusão normal natural, sem história de tratamento ortodôntico prévio, que apresentavam no mínimo quatro das seis chaves de oclusão de Andrews. O padrão esquelético da face foi definido por duas grandezas cefalométricas (SN.Gn e SN.GoGn). As imagens dos arcos dentais mandibulares e dos incisivos superiores geradas pela digitalização dos modelos foram avaliadas por 12 ortodontistas. Para verificar a concordância entre examinadores, quanto à classificação da morfologia do arco dental e do incisivo central, foi utilizado o teste Kappa. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis foi utilizado o teste do quiquadrado. Resultado: a prevalência de arco dental com formato ovalar foi de 41,17%, quadrangular de 39,22%, e triangular de 19,61%. Os dentes apresentaram a seguinte prevalência: ovalar (47,06%), seguido de quadrangular (31,37%) e triangular (21,57%). Quanto ao padrão esquelético da face foi encontrado 47% de indivíduos braquifaciais, seguido de 27% de indivíduos mesofaciais e 26% de dolicofaciais. O teste do qui-quadrado não mostrou haver associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis estudadas. Conclusão: a referência do padrão esquelético da face na determinação da morfologia do arco dental e/ou da coroa dental não é apropriada.
Abstract: Aim: to verify the prevalence of lower arch morphology, upper central incisor shape and craniofacial pattern among young Brazilians with natural normal occlusion. The study also evaluated any association among these variables. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 51 caucasian individuals featuring normal occlusion, with no history of previous orthodontic treatment, and matching at least four of six keys to optimal occlusion as described by Andrews. The craniofacial pattern was defined by two cephalometric measurements (SN.Gn and SN.GoGn). Lower arch and central upper incisor images were digitalized from plaster models. Twelve orthodontists evaluated every image. Agreement tests both for dental arch and upper incisor shape were performed using the Kappa method. Associations among variables were tested through the chi-square test. Results: oval dental arch form was found in 41.17% of the sample, square form in 39.22%, and triangular shape in 19.61%. Dental shape was prevalent as follows: oval (47.06%), square (31.37%) and triangular shape (21.57%). Forty-seven percent of the sample presented a brachycephalic pattern, 27% of subjects were mesocephalic, and 26% were dolicocephalic pattern. The chi-square test did not show statistically significant association among studied variables (craniofacial pattern, dental arch form and upper central incisor shape). Conclusion: the craniofacial pattern did not serve as a reference to estimate dental arch form or dental crown shape.
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental
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Taniai, Hiroyuki. „Inference for the quantiles of ARCH processes“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210305.
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Ce travail se compose de trois parties consacrées à différents aspects des modèles ARCH (AutoRegressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic) quantiles. Dans ces modèles, l’hétéroscédasticité conditionnelle est à prendre dans un sens très large, et affecte de fa¸ con potentiellement différenciée tous les quantiles conditionnels (et donc la loi conditionnelle elle-même), et non seulement, comme dans les modèles ARCH classiques, l’échelle conditionnelle.La première partie étudie les problèmes de Value-at-Risk (VaR) dans les séries financières ainsi modélisées. Les approches traditionnelles présentent une caractéristique discutable, que nous relevons, et à laquelle nous apportons une correction fondée sur les lois résiduelles. Nous pensons que les fondements de cette nouvelle approche sont plus solides, et permettent de prendre en compte le fait que le comportement des processus empiriques résiduels (REP) des processus ARCH, contrairement à celui des REP des processus ARMA, continue à dépendre de certains des paramètres du modèle.
La seconde partie approfondit l’étude générale des processus empiriques résiduels (REP) des processus ARCH dans l’optique de la régression quantile (QR) au sens de Koenker et Bassett (Econometrica 1978). La représentation de Bahadur des estimateurs QR, et dont découle la propriété de tension asymptotique des REP, est établie.
Finalement, dans la troisième partie, nous mettons en évidence la nature semi-paramétrique des modèles ARCH quantiles, et l’invariance, sous l’action de certains groupes de transforma-tions, des sous-modèles obtenus en fixant la valeur des paramètres. Cette structure de groupe permet la construction de méthodes d’inférence invariantes qui, dans l’esprit des résultats de Hallin and Werker (Bernoulli 2003) préservent l’optimalité au sens semi-paramétrique. Ces méthodes sont fondées sur les rangs et les signes résiduels. Nous développons en particulier les R-estimateurs des modèles considérés et étudions leurs performances.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Weaver, Kolin E. „The stability of the WALA ridge as a landmark for determining dental archform“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10936.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 107 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-96).
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Miri, Mahmoud. „Modelling of repair techniques for masonry arch bridges“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55998/.
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Small scale centrifuge models were used to study the behaviour of arches repaired using different techniques. The models under test were 1/12th scale replicas of a 6 metre single span three ring arch. Two types of arch geometry, with span/rise of 4 and 2, were studied as a shallow and deep arch geometry. The models were tested in a centrifuge under a steady equivalent gravity of 12g. Two types of 2-D and 3-D arch models were studied which had the same geometry but different in the addition of spandrel walls. The 3-D models were built with spandrel walls but without any wing walls or parapet. Both 2-D and 3-D arch models were tested under rolling and failure loads. The models were usually tested with fourteen passes of a rolling load and then up to the observation of first signs of failure to enable them to be suitable for applying a repair method. The repaired models were tested using the same procedure but up to the full failure load. To understand the behaviour of the arch models under unsymmetrical loads different roller weights were applied at different positions. The arch deflection and the soil/masonry interaction in arch extrados were measured in all the tests and compared with each other. Plastic mesh reinforcement, stitching, and concrete slab on top of the soil backfill were applied as repair methods to the 2-D arch models. A review of the results has shown an increase in arch stiffness, decrease in deflections and a significant improvement in the ultimate load carrying capacity. A significant effect on the pressure distribution on the arch barrel was observed due to the application of the concrete slab on top of the backfill. Stitching of arch barrel and the barrel to the spandrels, applying partial saddle concrete and strengthening of spandrel wall using reinforced concrete were tested in the 3-D arch models. The results showed improvements in the stiffness and ultimate arch load carrying capacity due to these repair techniques. The results provide a valuable data base for validation of numerical models and an initial attempt to use them with a commercial finite element program is included.
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Weston, Peter John. „The origin and kinematics of the Alpine arc“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253478.
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Nzuza, Mbongeni Hopewell Sabelo. „Thermo-mechamical modelling of arch dams for performance assessment“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5017.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This document underscores various temperature related components and procedures for undertaking a successful performance analysis of concrete arch dams. Arch dams experience high temperature variations, which are generally assessed using finite element models. Deterioration of arch dams is caused principally by thermal effects, with 19% cases attributed to freezing and thawing, and 9% to temperature variations (Daoudu et al., 1997). The temperature loading conditions cause a high expanse of stresses at the various interface locations due to change in environmental conditions. Past research has shown that stresses caused by temperature change can be larger than those from reservoir loading (Bureau of Reclamation, 1977). The proposed finite element model for this study focuses on the performance assessment of arch dams in operation due to thermal loading.
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Pytlos, Michal. „New tools for modelling soil-filled masonry arch bridges“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13674/.
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This study is concerned with the development of new numerical and physical tools suitable for modelling soil-filled masonry arch bridges. Firstly, a novel modelling approach is presented which makes use of the Box2D rigid body physics engine, widely used in the computer games industry. A description of the simulation method implemented in Box2D is provided and it is shown that this tool is capable of accurately simulating disc and block interaction dynamics, and can successfully capture the critical state response of granular media. Four Box2D based computer programs, constituting a ‘virtual laboratory’, are presented and are shown to be capable of accurately simulating load tests to failure on both bare and soil-filled masonry arches. It is also demonstrated that the macro-scale properties of a virtual soil material, modelled as an assembly of randomly shaped polygons, are independent of the simulated scenario. Practical issues associated with the use of Box2D as a modelling tool are considered and advantages compared with the traditional distinct element method are discussed. Secondly, an innovative experimental facility developed by the author and suitable for testing medium-scale sand-filled masonry arch bridges is described. The test facility features a novel sand conveyance and pouring system which provides very good control over backfill properties and significantly speeds up the deposition process. Initial test results from the test facility are described and recommendations for future work are made.
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Chen, Xiang 1956. „Adaptive bit allocation for spatiotemporal subband coding using vector quazntization“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65025.
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Doddapaneni, Venkatesh. „On the polymer-based nanocomposites for electrical switching applications“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202702.
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Recent research demonstrated that polymer based nanocomposites (PNCs) have been engineered in order to improve the arc interruption capability of the circuit breakers. PNCs are the combination of nano-sized inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers, opened up new developments in materials science and engineering applications. Inorganic NPs are selected based on their physical and chemical properties which could make multifunctional PNCs in order to interrupt the electrical arcs effectively. In particular, we presented the PNCs fabricated by using CuO, Fe3O4, ZnO and Au NPs in a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix via in-situ polymerization method, recently developed method to avoid NPs agglomeration, leading to good spatial distribution in the polymer matrix. Thus, several samples with various wt% of NPs in PMMA matrix have been fabricated. These PNCs have been characterized in detail for the morphology of NPs, interaction between NPs and polymer matrix, and radiative/thermal energy absorption properties. In the next stage, PNCs are tested to determine their arc interruption performance and impact on the electrical arcs of current 1.6 kA generated using a specially designed test set-up. When PNCs interact with the electrical arcs, they generate ablation of chemical species towards core of the electrical arc, resulting in cooling-down the arc due to strong temperature and pressure gradient in the arc quenching domain. This thesis demonstrates for the first time that these engineered PNCs are easily processed, reproducible, and can be used to improve the arc interruption process in electrical switching applications.Ny forskning har visat att polymerbaserade nanokompositer (PNCs) har utformats för att förbättra strömbrytares förmåga att undvika ljusbågar vid överslag. PNCs är en kombination av nanostora oorganiska nanopartiklar (NP) och polymerer, som har öppnat upp för ny utveckling inom materialvetenskap och tekniska tillämpningar. Oorganiska NP väljs baserat på deras fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper som kan hjälpa PNCs att motverka elektriska ljusbågar effektivt. I synnerhet, presenterade vi PNCs tillverkade genom användning av CuO, Fe3O4, ZnO och Au NP i en poly (metylmetakrylat) (PMMA)-matris via in situ-polymerisationsmetod, nyligen utvecklad för att undvika NP-agglomerering, vilket leder till god rumslig fördelning i polymermatrisen. Därför har flera prover med olika vikt% av NP i PMMA-matris tillverkats. Dessa PNCs har utvärderats i detalj för NP-morfologi, interaktion mellan NP och polymermatris, och strålnings- och värmeenergiabsorption. I nästa skede testas PNCs för att bestämma deras förmåga att undvika ljusbågar och påverkan på de elektriska ljusbågarna av 1,6 kA strömstyrka, genererade med hjälp av en specialdesignad test-set-up. När PNCs interagerar med de elektriska ljusbågarna, genererar de ablation av kemiska ämnen mot kärnan i den elektriska ljusbågen, vilket resulterar i nedkylning av ljusbågen på grund av starka temperatur- och tryckgradienter i området. Denna avhandling visar för första gången att dessa konstruerade PNCs är lätta att framställa, reproducerbara, och kan användas för att förbättra avbrottsprocessen för ljusbågen i elektriska kopplingstillämpningar.
QC 20170303
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Nautiyal, Sunil Datt. „Parallel computing techniques for investigating three dimensional collapse of a masonry arch“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320031.
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Braig, Moritz [Verfasser], und Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Hennig. „Improved methods for preclinical 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging of the aortic arch“. Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218969342/34.
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Araújo, Anderson Viçoso de. „ERG-ARCH : a reinforcement learning architecture for propositionally constrained multi-agent state spaces“. Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2014. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3096.
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The main goal of this work is to present an approach that ?nds an appropriate set of sequential actions for a group of cooperative agents interacting over a constrained environment. This search is considered a complex task for autonomous agents and is not possible to use default reinforcement learning algorithms to learn the adequate policy. In this thesis, a technique that deals with propositionally constrained state spaces and makes use of a Reinforcement Learning algorithm based on Markov Decision Process is proposed. A new model is also presented which formally de?nes this restricted search space. By so doing, this work aims at reducing the overall exploratory need, thus improving the performance of the learning algorithm. To constrain the state space the concept of extended reachability goals is employed. Through them it is possible to de?ne an objective to be preserved during the iteration with the environment and another that de?nes a goal state. In this cooperative environment, the information about the propositions is shared among the agents during its interaction. An architecture to solve problems in such environments is also presented. Experiments to validate the proposed algorithm were performed on different test cases and showed interesting results. A performance evaluation against standard Reinforcement Learning techniques showed that by extending autonomous learning with propositional constraints updated along the learning process can produce faster convergence to adequate policies. The best results achieved present an important reduction over execution time (34,32%) and number of iterations (67.94%). This occurs due to the early state space reduction caused by shared information on state space constraints.
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Thornton, Nathan Paul. „Live Load Testing of Appalachia, Va Concrete Arch Bridges for Load Rating Recommendation“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35195.
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As Americaâ s infrastructure ages, many of the nationâ s bridges approach the end of their service life. In order to develop a method for handling the rising number of deficient and functionally obsolete bridges, nondestructive tests and evaluations must be undertaken. Valuable information from these tests regarding the strength and condition of bridges will help in making decisions about their rehabilitation and replacement. Two adjoining open spandrel reinforced concrete arch bridges in downtown Appalachia, Virginia were selected for live load testing by Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). Both bridges have supported an increasing amount of extreme coal truck traffic throughout their service life and are essential to the efficient transport of coal in the region. Because of their age, having been built in 1929, and the amount of visible damage and repairs, VDOT was concerned about their remaining capacity and safe operation.
The live load tests focused on global behavior characteristics such as service strain and deflection as well as local behavior of the arches surrounding significant repairs. It was found that the strain and deflection data collected during load testing displayed linear elastic behavior, indicating excess capacity beyond the test loads. Also, given the loading applied, the measured strains and deflections were small in magnitude, showing that the bridges are still acting as stiff structures and are in good condition.
Data collected during these tests was compared to results from a finite element model of the bridges to determine the coal truck size which is represented by the live load test loading configurations. The model comparisons determined the test loads produced comparable deflections to those produced by the target coal truck load. Through this approach, a recommendation was given to VDOT regarding the satisfactory condition of the aging bridges to aid in the process of load rating and maintenance scheduling for the two bridges.
Master of Science
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Janampa, Sarmiento Peter Charrie. „Efecto del periodo de lluvias y estiaje (seca) sobre la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum en truchas arcoiris (oncorhynchus mykiss) en una piscigranja del valle del mantaro“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1563.
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El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el incremento de la precipitación pluvial sobre la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum detectado a partir de muestras de tejido (riñón y bazo) de truchas arcoíris en una piscigranja ubicada en la cuenca del valle del Mantaro. El trabajo se realizó en una piscigranja del departamento de Junín, en la provincias de Huancayo, en los meses de agosto, setiembre noviembre y febrero, durante el periodo de ciclo de lluvias 2011-2012. La fuente hídrica de la piscigranja es el rio Chiapuquio, perteneciente a la cuenca del Valle del Mantaro. Las truchas fueron colectadas al azar y provenían de ovas nacionales y americanas. Se colectaron 60 animales por muestreo, 240 truchas en total por piscigranja, considerando una prevalencia de 5%. Los peces se recolectaron en relación al ciclo de lluvias en el valle del Mantaro. Agosto (Temporada seca), Setiembre, Noviembre (Temporada de inicio de lluvias), y Febrero (Temporada de lluvias).Se extrajo el ADN de riñón y bazo mediante la técnica de fenol-cloroformo y se realizó el PCR tiempo real, no obteniéndose genoma de Renibacterium salmoninarum en ninguna de las muestras, en ninguno de las temporadas del ciclo de lluvias. Se concluye que la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum en la piscigranja de estudio es 0%, por tanto no se pudo establecer asociación entre el ciclo de lluvias y la prevalencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum.
Palabras Claves: Ciclo de lluvias, cambio climático, BKD, Renibacterium salmoninarum, PCR tiempo real, Oncorhynchus mykiss--- The aim of this study was to determine the increase in rainfall on the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum detected from tissue samples (kidney and spleen) of rainbow trout in a fish farm located in the Mantaro Valley basin. The study was conducted at a fish farm in the department of Junín, in the province of Huancayo, in the months of August, September, November and February, during the rain cycle 2011-2012. The water source for the fish farm is Chiapuquio river belongs to the basin of the Mantaro Valley. The trout were randomly collected and eggs were from National and American. 60 animals were collected per sample, 240 total trout fish farm, considering a prevalence of 5%. Fish were collected in relation to the cycle of rainfall in the Mantaro Valley. August (dry season), September, November (rainy season start), and February (rainy season). DNA was extracted from kidney and spleen by phenol-chloroform technique and performed the real time PCR, yielding no Renibacterium salmoninarum genome in any of the samples, none of the rainy season cycle. We conclude that the prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum in fish farm study is 0%, so could not be established association between the rain cycle and prevalence of Renibacterium salmoninarum. Keywords: rain cycle, climate change, BKD, Renibacterium salmoninarum, real-time PCR, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Tesis
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Chávez, Linares Evelyn Lisseth. „Frecuencia y características de lesiones anatomohistopatológicas compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas a energía y/o proteínas en la dieta de truchas arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de fase juvenil“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3120.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de lesiones anatomohistopatológicas compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas a energía y/o proteínas en la dieta de truchas arcoiris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) de fase juvenil. Se colectaron aleatoriamente 40 peces de una piscigranja ubicada en las provincia de Huancayo-Junín, tomándose principalmente muestras de hígado, riñón, branquias, estómago y bazo. Entre los hallazgos macroscópicos compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas observados con mayor frecuencia fue el hígado graso, caracterizado por una coloración marrón pálida en un 67.5% (27/40). En cuanto, a las lesiones histopatológicas compatibles con las alteraciones metabólicas se encontró degeneración grasa 97.5% (39/40), predominantemente en grado IV y la degeneración hialina en túbulos renales, 62.5% (25/40) y tan sólo 7.5% en glándulas gástricas de estómago. En branquias, los cambios de crecimiento como la hiperplasia (30/40), fusión (29/40) y atrofia lamelar (29/40) en un 75% y 72.5%, respectivamente, representando las lesiones de más alta frecuencia. En base a los hallazgos, se concluye que las lesiones compatibles con alteraciones metabólicas se observaron en una alta frecuencia, principalmente las relacionadas a exceso de proteína como la degeneración hialina en riñón y estómago, y la degeneración grasa en hígado por desbalance de energía. Finalmente, las lesiones en branquias sugieren una asociación entre alteraciones metabólicas y su efecto contaminante en el medio acuático.--- The purpose of this study was to determine frequency the presentation of anothomohistopathologycal lesions compatibles with metabolic disorders related to energy and proteins in the diet of juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Forty fish were collected randomly from the one trout hatchery, located in Huancayo-Junín, mainly taking samples of liver, kidney, gill, stomach and spleen. Between the macroscopic findings compatible with metabolic alterations observed with major frequency it was the fatty liver characterized by a brown pale coloration in 67.5% (27/40). As soon as, to the lesions histopatológicas compatible the metabolic alterations were found fat degeneration 97.5% (39/40), predominantly in grade IV and hyaline degeneration in renal tubules, 62.5% (25/40) and only 7.5% in glands gastric stomach. In gills, changes in growth such as hyperplasia (30/40), fusion (29/40) and lamellar atrophy (29/40) by 75% and 72.5% respectively, representing the highest frequency of lesions. Based on the findings, concluded that the lesions compatible the metabolic disorders were observed in a high frequency, principally related to excessive protein as hyaline degeneration in the kidney and stomach, and fatty degeneration in liver for balancing energy. Finally, the lesions on gills suggest an association between metabolic disorders and their polluting effect on the aquatic environment.
Tesis
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La, Torre Flores Carlos Alberto. „“Modelos ARCH Y GARCH aplicados a series financieras peruanas, para la variable tipo de cambio”“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8170.
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Realiza un estudio sobre la variable tipo de cambio para el caso peruano, para ello se formulan modelos de volatilidad como los ARCH desarrollados por Robert Engle (1982) y los GARCH desarrollados por Bollerslev (1986). Se trata básicamente de comparar ambos modelos ARCH y GARCH y determinar cuál de ellos realiza mejores estimaciones y pronósticos para la variable en estudio, nuestros datos comprende desde el 1 de enero de 2013 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2017 contando con un total de 1105 observaciones tomadas en los cinco días laborales del mercado intercambiario.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Chawla, Ourvinder. „The optimal media for rating dental arch relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate“. Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555634.
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The aim of this study was to determine the optimal format for presenting the 5-year olds' Index reference and patient dental models, for the assessment of dental arch relationships in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The research was essentially undertaken in two parts. The first part, to assess the effect the presentation of the reference models has on the reliability and reproducibility of the 5-year olds' Index scores. Reference models were presented in four different formats; plaster models, coloured acrylic models and two digital formats which included three-dimensional digital models (3D) and black & white photographs. These formats were used to categorise plaster models of patients born with UCLP. The second part set out to determine the effect of the presentation of the sample format on the reliability and reproducibility of the 5-year olds' Index scores. Patient models were presented in both 3D digital and plaster models and scored using the reference models in the same two formats as the patient models. The same examiners were used in both parts of the investigation, which comprised experienced and inexperienced examiners. The level of agreement for the digital formats of the 5-year olds' Index was good to very good with the less experienced examiners, in general, demonstrating lower kappa values compared to the experienced examiners. Scoring the 3D digital patient models with the 5-year olds' Index in the same format was associated with a learning curve with general improvements in scores noted on the second occasion. Overjet measure was reported as the most difficult parameter to assess using the 3D digital models followed by assessment of buccal crossbites.
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Beset, Doğan Arda Günaydın Murat. „A model for assesing project management maturity level of architectural design offices (ARCH-PMM)/“. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezlerengelli/doktora/mimarlik/T000666.pdf.
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Boileau, Olivier Joel Claude. „Precious metals, a shiny hedge for investors?“ reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15400.
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Using regression and correlation approaches covering the last twenty years of daily data for seven countries, this thesis investigates safe haven and hedge abilities of precious metals against international equities over a given state of the economy. Furthermore, this thesis examines different portfolios performance in-samples and out-of-samples with the aim to observe whether investing in precious metals can help to mitigate investor risk management. The key results are: (i) Gold is the finest precious metal for international hedging against equities (ii) Gold provides valuable portfolio risk management benefits (iii) 60/40 portfolios allocated with gold proffer good investor outcomes.
Recorrendo a duas abordagens diferentes, regressão e correlação, e cobrindo os últimos vinte anos de dados diários para sete países, esta tese investiga as propriedades "safe haven" e "hedge" dos metais preciosos, em comparação com acções internacionais para um dado estado da economia. Adicionalmente, esta tese avalia o desempenho de diferentes portfolios, dentro e fora da amostra, com o objectivo de verificar se o investimento em metais preciosos poderá ajudar a atenuar a gestao do risco por parte do investidor. Os principais resultados são os que se seguem: (i) O ouro é o melhor metal precioso para um "hedging" internacional em oposição às acções (ii) O ouro permite obter valiosos benefícios de gestão de risco do portfolio (iii) 60/40 dos portofios atribuidos com ouro permitem ao investidor obter bons resultados.
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Hogg, Victoria. „Effects of repeated loading on masonry arch bridges and implications for the serviceability limit state“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362899.
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Freedman, Geoffrey J. H. „The development of transversely stress-laminated timber arch bridges for pedestrian and minor vehicle use“. Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2006. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3844.
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Pichanick, E. V. D. „Bounds for complete arcs in finite projective planes“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/63459/.
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This thesis uses algebraic and combinatorial methods to study subsets of the Desarguesian plane IIq = PG(2, q). Emphasis, in particular, is given to complete (k, n)-arcs and plane projective curves. Known Diophantine equations for subsets of PG(2, q), no more than n of which are collinear, have been applied to k-arcs of arbitrary degree. This yields a new lower bound for complete (k, n)-arcs in PG(2, q) and is a generalization of a classical result of Barlotti. The bound is one of few known results for complete arcs of arbitrary degree and establishes new restrictions upon the parameters of associated projective codes. New results governing the relationship between (k, 3)-arcs and blocking sets are also provided. Here, a sufficient condition ensuring that a blocking set is induced by a complete (k, 3)-arc in the dual plane q is established and shown to complement existing knowledge of relationships between k-arcs and blocking sets. Combinatorial techniques analyzing (k, 3)-arcs in suitable planes are then introduced. Utilizing the numeric properties of non-singular cubic curves, plane (k, 3)-arcs satisfying prescribed incidence conditions are shown not to attain existing upper bounds. The relative sizes of (k, 3)-arcs and non-singular cubic curves are also considered. It is conjectured that m3(2, q), the size of the largest complete (k, 3)-arc in PG(2, q), exceeds the number of rational points on an elliptic curve. Here, a sufficient condition for its positive resolution is given using combinatorial analysis. Exploiting its structure as a (k, 3)-arc, the elliptic curve is then considered as a method of constructing cubic arcs and results governing completeness are established. Finally, classical theorems relating the order of the plane q to the existence of an elliptic curve with a specified number of rational points are used to extend theoretical results providing upper bounds to t3(2, q), the size of the smallest possible complete (k, 3)-arc in PG(2, q).
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Inocente, Cipriano Godolfredo. „Análisis y diseño de un puente en arco atirantado de tablero inferior“. Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19913.
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El diseño de un Puente en Arco Atirantado de Tablero Inferior es de gran importancia en nuestro país, ya que permite cubrir obstáculos sin necesidad de apoyos intermedios, tiene bajo costo de mantenimiento en comparación a puentes continuos con apoyos intermedios y lo más importante evita pérdidas de vidas humanas al no exponer su estructura en el lecho del río. El objetivo de esta tesis es presentar el comportamiento general del puente, procedimiento de análisis y diseño de cada elemento de la superestructura de un Puente en Arco Atirantado de Tablero Inferior. En particular se presenta el diseño de un Puente en Arco Atirantado de Tablero Inferior de 65 m de luz y 4 líneas de tráfico, determinando recomendaciones de los elementos y conexiones, que sirva de consulta para la concepción de este tipo de puente. El estudio se inicia con el comportamiento general del puente, experiencia del puente Topará colapsado y algunas consideraciones específicas de los elementos del puente, como es la disposición de péndolas, rotura de péndolas, efectos de no linealidad geométrica, tipos de arriostramientos y conexiones. En la parte del redimensionamiento, se determina la geometría inicial del puente para realizar el análisis en base a referencias bibliográficas y experiencias en este tipo de puente arco atirantado. El análisis del Puente en Arco Atirantado de Tablero Inferior, se realiza para cargas permanentes y variables. El análisis sísmico se realiza mediante un análisis modal espectral y se estudia la influencia de la componente vertical del sismo. También se estudia el análisis no lineal geométrico para determinar el efecto de las grandes fuerzas de tracción o compresión en la estructura. Finalmente, se desarrolla el diseño de los elementos y conexiones del Puente en Arco Atirantado de Tablero Inferior, estableciendo un procedimiento para hacer el diseño más eficiente y rápido. Se realiza el diseño de la viga cajón, arco, péndolas y su conexión, viga diafragma, viga arriostre, tablero y el apoyo del puente. En el anexo se presenta los planos de estructuras del diseño. El análisis y diseño de este tipo de puente arco atirantado se realiza en base al Manual de puentes del MTC y AASHTO LRFD.The design of a Lower Deck Tied Arch Bridge is of great importance in our country, since it allows to cover obstacles without the need for intermediate supports, has low maintenance costs compared to continuous bridges with intermediate supports and most importantly prevents losses of human lives by not exposing its structure in the river bed. The objective of this thesis is to present the general behavior of the bridge, análisis and design procedure of each element of the superstructure of a Lower Deck Tied Arch Bridge. In particular, the design of a Lower Deck Tied Arch Bridge with a span of 65 m and 4 traffic lines is presented, determining recommendations of the elements and connections, which serves as a consultation for the conception of this type of bridge. The study begins with the general behavior of the bridge, experience of the collapsed Topará bridge and some specific considerations of the elements of the bridge, such as the arrangement of hangers, breakage of hangers, effects of geometric nonlinearity, types of bracing and connections. In the predimensioning part, the initial geometry of the bridge is determined to perform the analysis based on bibliographic references and experiences in this type of tied arch bridge. The analysis of the Lower Deck Tied Arch Bridge is performed for permanent and variable loads. The seismic analysis is performed by means of a spectral modal analysis and the influence of the vertical component of the earthquake is studied. The geometric nonlinear analysis is also studied to determine the effect of large tensile or compression forces on the structure. Finally, the design of the elements and connections of the Lower Deck Tied Arch Bridge is developed, establishing a procedure to make the design more efficient and faster. The design is made of the box beam, arch, hangers and their connection, diaphragm beam, bracing beam, deck and bridge support. The annex presents the design structure drawings. The analysis and design of this type of tied arch bridge is based on the MTC Bridge Manual and AASHTO LRFD.
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Weston, Daniel Frederick. „Existing and future plans for the structural health monitoring of the Indian River Inlet Bridge“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 248 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163250401&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Li, Ping. „Neural networks for automatic arc welding“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284264.
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Shpanin, Leonid Michael. „Electromagnetic arc control for current interruption“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428253.
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López, Cadillo John Edward. „Identificación de biotipos de Yersinia ruckeri aisladas en truchas arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en etapa juvenil procedentes de dos piscigranjas de la región Junín“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4937.
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Identifica biotipos de Yersinia ruckeri aisladas en truchas arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) procedentes de dos piscigranjas de la región Junín. Se utilizaron 30 truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en etapa juvenil por cada piscigranja. Una de las piscigranjas estuvo ubicada en la provincia de Concepción y la otra en el distrito de Molinos, en la provincia de Jauja. Los peces colectados presentaron signos generales de enfermedad. Se realizó la necropsia y se colectaron muestras de riñón y bazo para el estudio bacteriológico, mediante hisopados mantenidos en medio de transporte Stuart. Posteriormente los hisopos fueron cultivados en medio TSA (agar tripticasa soja) e incubados a 22°C por 24-48 horas. Se seleccionaron las colonias que eran similares a las descritas para Yersinia ruckeri, y se realizó la identificación mediante pruebas bioquímicas utilizando un perfil de 15 reacciones. Para la identificación del biotipo de Yersinia ruckeri se basó en la motilidad y la hidrólisis del Tween 20 y del Tween 80. El biotipo 1 es motil e hidroliza el Tween 20 y el Tween 80 y el biotipo 2 es no motil y no hidroliza el Tween 20 ni el Tween 80. Se obtuvieron cepas de Y. ruckeri biotipo 1 en las dos piscigranjas en estudio y la presencia de Yersinia ruckeri biotipo 2 solo en la piscigranja del distrito de Molinos.Tesis
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Gunn, Russell Michael. „Non-linear analysis of arch dams including an anisotropic damage mechanics based constitutive model for concrete“. Thesis, University of Brighton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299219.
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Mizumoto, Ryan M. „The accuracy of different digital impression techniques and scan bodies for complete-arch implant-supported reconstructions“. The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1530005688900126.
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Schwalbach, Cameron E. „Revised Stratigraphy and Paleoecologic Analysis of the Upper Ordovician (Katian, Richmondian) Waynesville Formation and its Correlatives in the Cincinnati Arch Region of East-central Kentucky“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504795333299801.
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Berggren, Erik, und Fredrik Folkelid. „Which GARCH model is best for Value-at-Risk?“ Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-244448.
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The purpose of this thesis is to identify the best volatility model for Value-at-Risk(VaR) estimations. We estimate 1 % and 5 % VaR figures for Nordic indices andstocks by using two symmetrical and two asymmetrical GARCH models underdifferent error distributions. Out-of-sample volatility forecasts are produced usinga 500 day rolling window estimation on data covering January 2007 to December2014. The VaR estimates are thereafter evaluated through Kupiec’s test andChristoffersen’s test in order to find the best model. The results suggest thatasymmetrical models perform better than symmetrical models albeit the simpleARCH is often good enough for 1 % VaR estimates.
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Bautista, del Río Karen Elízabet. „Detección de la presencia del virus de Necrosis Hematopoyética Epizoótica (EHNv) en truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) criadas en piscigranjas de sistemas semi-intensivos de la sierra del Perú“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7444.
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Busca la detección del EHNv en truchas de piscigranjas de las regiones de Áncash, Junín y Huancavelica. Se muestrearon 111 peces enfermos con sintomatologías del proceso viral, tomando la estimación del tamaño muestral en función de la prevalencia a detectar y el tamaño del lote de la OIE estimando una prevalencia del 5%. Se tomaron muestras de hígado, bazo y riñón anterior, los cuales fueron conservados a -196°C. Las muestras de cada tejido fueron procesadas para la extracción del ADN viral, el cual sirvió de molde para realizar el PCR utilizando los cebadores MCP-1 en la metodología propuesta por la OIE y con el kit comercial “Vet PCR TM EHNV Detection Kit”. No se detectó el ADN viral en las muestras trabajadas, indicando que la prevalencia del virus es menor al 5% o no está presente en las piscigranjas muestreadas. Si bien no se encontró la presencia del agente en las piscigranjas estudiadas, esta investigación ha significado el inicio de investigaciones que buscan establecer las epidemiologías de los agentes virales reportables a nivel internacional y que afectan el comercio internacional de los peces y sus productos.Tesis
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Qazali, Ahmad A. „Surface changes and screw loosening of the titanium abutments for one-piece implant supported fixed complete denture“. The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1466018689.
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Elmubarak, Mona. „Accuracy and reliability of traditional measurement techniques for tooth widths and arch perimeter compared to CAD/CAM“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6521.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScBackground: Plaster models form an integral part of the traditional orthodontic records. They are necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning, case presentations as well as for the evaluation of treatment progress. The accuracy of the measurements taken for space assessment is crucial prior to treatment planning. The introduction of digital models overcomes some problems experienced with plaster models. Digital models have shown to be an acceptable alternative for plaster models. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of traditional measurement techniques when compared to the CAD/ CAM measurements in the assessment of tooth widths and arch perimeter from plaster models. Method: The mesio-distal tooth widths and arch perimeter of thirty archived plaster models were measured using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and divider to the nearest 0.1 mm. Corresponding digital models were produced by scanning them with a CAD/CAM (InEos X5) and space analysis completed by measurements using InEos Blue software. Measurements were repeated after 1 week from the initial measurement. The methods were compared using descriptive analysis (mean difference and standard deviation). Results: The operator reliability was high for digital models as well as the plaster models when the measurement tool was the digital caliper (analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the paired t-test). The mean values of tooth widths measurements of CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider were 6.82 (±0.04), 6.94 (± 0.04) and 7.11 (± 0.04). There was a significant difference between the measurements made by the CAD/CAM and the divider. Additionally significant differences between the measurements by digital caliper and divider measurements (p < 0.05) were observed. No significant difference was found when comparing CAD/CAM to digital caliper. Positive correlation was displayed between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and the divider, but the measurements completed with the digital caliper had the highest correlation with the CAD/CAM. The difference was not significant between the aforementioned measurement tools (p > 0.05). Arch perimeter measurements showed no statistical significant difference between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Archived plaster models stored as records can be converted to digital models as it will have the same accuracy of measurements. The value of doing a space analysis with the CAD/CAM system can be performed with similar reliability on the digital models as a caliper on plaster models.
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Elmubarak, Mona Dr. „Accuracy and reliability of traditional measurement techniques for tooth widths and arch perimeter compared to CAD/CAM“. The University of the Western Cpae, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6472.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)BACKGROUND: Plaster models form an integral part of the traditional orthodontic records. They are necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning, case presentations as well as for the evaluation of treatment progress. The accuracy of the measurements taken for space assessment is crucial prior to treatment planning. The introduction of digital models overcomes some problems experienced with plaster models. Digital models have shown to be an acceptable alternative for plaster models. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of traditional measurement techniques when compared to the CAD/ CAM measurements in the assessment of tooth widths and arch perimeter from plaster models. METHOD: The mesio-distal tooth widths and arch perimeter of thirty archived plaster models were measured using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and divider to the nearest 0.1 mm. Corresponding digital models were produced by scanning them with a CAD/CAM (InEos X5) and space analysis completed by measurements using InEos Blue software. Measurements were repeated after 1 week from the initial measurement. The methods were compared using descriptive analysis (mean difference and standard deviation). RESULTS: The operator reliability was high for digital models as well as the plaster models when the measurement tool was the digital caliper (analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the paired t-test). The mean values of tooth widths measurements of CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider were 6.82 (±0.04), 6.94 (± 0.04) and 7.11 (± 0.04). There was a significant difference between the measurements made by the CAD/CAM and the divider. Additionally significant differences between the measurements by digital caliper and divider measurements (p < 0.05) were observed. No significant difference was found when comparing CAD/CAM to digital caliper. Positive correlation was displayed between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and the divider, but the measurements completed with the digital caliper had the highest correlation with the CAD/CAM. The difference was not significant between the aforementioned measurement tools (p > 0.05). Arch perimeter measurements showed no statistical significant difference between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Archived plaster models stored as records can be converted to digital models as it will have the same accuracy of measurements. The value of doing a space analysis with the CAD/CAM system can be performed with similar reliability on the digital models as a caliper on plaster models.
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Williams, Devin N. „The Association of Size Variation in the Dental Arch to Third Molar Agenesis for a Modern Population“. Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7247.
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The frequency with which individuals do not develop their third molars, or wisdom teeth, is increasing worldwide. This current topic of human evolution is relevant to the research of anthropologists, geneticists, dentists, and other researchers involved in the study of human dentition. Many explanations have been offered to account for the prevalence of molar agenesis including, evolutionary, environmental, and genetic theories. The purpose of this research project is to determine the frequency of third molar agenesis and investigate the relationship between third molar agenesis and maxillomandibular jaw dimensions in a sample of orthodontic patients. This research tests the hypotheses that: H1: Individuals with agenesis of third molars will be significantly different in maxillomandibular dimensions than individuals without agenesis, H2: The agenesis of maxillary third molars is associated with the anteroposterior dimensions of the maxilla, and H3: The agenesis of mandibular third molars is not associated with the anteroposterior dimensions of the mandible. Therefore, the null hypothesis for this research is H0: An individual’s sex and the presence/absence of the third molar are independent. The sample for this research project includes 543 individuals from the University of New Mexico’s Maxwell Museum of Anthropology Orthodontics Case File System. This study examines panoramic radiographs of the dentition for each individual to ascertain whether any of the third molars was congenitally absent, and records the cephalometric measurements for each case for statistical analysis. This study uses descriptive statistics, crosstabulation analysis, chi-square tests, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, and logistic regression analysis to investigate any associations between third molar agenesis and maxillomandibular jaw dimensions.
The results show that Native Americans (9.2%), Hispanics (8.46%), and European Americans (8.37%) have a higher frequency of third molar agenesis than African Americans (0.17%) and Asians (0.17%). This finding is consistent with the published body of work on third molar agenesis, in spite of the small sample sizes for diverse populations. There is a significant difference in the number of molars missing among groups. For the present study, based on crosstabulation analysis, most individuals are missing two molars (34.9%), followed by one absent (31.7%), a lack of four molars (25.3%), and finally a lack of 3 molars (7.9%). Individuals with third molar agenesis are nearly twice as likely to be missing a molar from the mandible (62.8%) than the maxilla (36.9%).
This study uses crosstabulation analysis, chi-square analysis, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, and logistic regression analysis to assess the association between third molar agenesis and measurements of the dental arcade. This study did not find an association between an individual’s maxillomandibular dimensions and third molar agenesis. Therefore, this study did not find support for the hypothesis that individuals with third molar agenesis would have smaller maxillomandibular dimensions than individuals without agenesis. Based on the findings of this study, an association between the size of an individual’s mouth and third molar agenesis does not exist in the sample analyzed. Third molar agenesis is not occurring due to a lack of room in the mouth, but possibly results from heredity. Therefore, it may be more likely that genetic variation influences third molar agenesis, rather than an evolutionary change in diet.
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Nuñure, Ortega Jeferson. „Caracterización fenotípica e identificación de especies patógenas de Aeromonas sp. aisladas de truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) clínicamente enfermas de piscigranjas del Perú“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15524.
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Busca la caracterización bioquímica e identificación molecular de cepas patógenas Aeromonas sp., aisladas de truchas arcoíris juveniles con signología compatible a Aeromoniasis cultivadas en 6 piscigranjas de Junín (2), Pasco (2), Cajamarca (1) y Áncash (1). Se seleccionó 60 truchas juveniles de 4 a 5 meses, con signología sugerente de brotes de aeromoniasis (comportamiento anómalo, úlceras epiteliales, melanosis, necrosis y hemorragias en aletas y distensión abdominal), procedentes de piscigranjas de Junín (20), Pasco (20), Cajamarca (12) y Áncash (8), recolectados entre los años 2017 y 2018. Se realizó la eutanasia, la necropsia y se registró los signos clínicos como lesiones externas e internas. Se efectuó el aislamiento bacteriano de muestras de bazo y riñón anterior en agar TSA y GSP por 24-48 horas a 25°C, se caracterizó las colonias bacterianas mediante pruebas bioquímicas, se identificó por PCR convencional utilizando primers específicos del gen ARNr 16S (Aeromonas spp.), fstA (A salmonicida) y gyrB (A hydrophila), se realizó la secuenciación y se confirmó por análisis BLAST (NCBI). Las lesiones externas registradas fueron melanosis, aletas necróticas y hemorrágicas, úlceras en la piel y distensión abdominal. Las lesiones internas observadas fueron hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia y hemorragia petequial en hígado, ciegos pilóricos y grasa peritoneal. Se aisló 12 cepas bacterianas en el medio selectivo GSP (7 de Junín y 5 de Cajamarca), caracterizadas como Aeromonas spp.: cocobacilos Gram negativos, oxidasa y catalasa positivos. No se aisló Aeromonas spp. en las muestras de Pasco y Ancash. Las pruebas bioquímicas determinaron 4 cepas como Aeromonas salmonicida y 8 como Aeromonas sp. móviles, diferenciándose por pruebas de motilidad e indol. La identificación molecular por PCR determinó 4 cepas A. salmonicida procedentes de Junín, 1 cepa A. hydrophila de Cajamarca y 7 cepas móviles Aeromonas spp. (3 de Junín y 4 de Cajamarca) que fueron negativas a la PCR de A. salmonicida y A. hydrophila. El análisis BLAST (NCBI) confirmó las cepas A. salmonicida y Aeromonas spp. ya que presentaron identidad de 98 a 100%, además demostró que la cepa de Cajamarca (identificada como A. hydrophila por bioquímica) presentaba identidad de 95,65% con Aeromonas hydrophila subespecie dhakensis. En conclusión, Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila subespecie dhakensis y otras Aeromonas móviles patógenas causan signología asociada a aeromoniasis en truchas arcoiris juveniles en las piscigranjas de Junín y Cajamarca. Es la primera vez que se detecta A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis en el país.Tesis
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Quevedo, Perales Noelia Aimé. „Detección Genómica de Renibacterium salmoninarum en Ovas fertilizadas Importadas para el Cultivo de Trucha Arco Iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10230.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorManifiesta que el objetivo es detectar la presencia de Renibacterium salmoninarum (R. salmoninarum) en ovas fertilizadas importadas para el cultivo de trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y la evaluación de la técnica de PCR a Tiempo Real como técnica diagnóstica. Se colectaron 60 ovas embrionadas de trucha arcoíris de Origen Norteamericano y se dividieron en 12 pooles de 5 ovas cada uno. Las muestras se procesaron con el método de extracción de fenolcloroformo seguido de la técnica de PCR a tiempo real. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que, 2 pooles dieron positivo a R. salmoninarum de los 12 evaluados. En ambas muestras positivas se generó un producto específico con una Temperatura de Disociación (Tm) de 84.2°C. Estos resultados indican que existen ovas portadoras de R. salmoninarum y que la prueba PCR tiempo real puede ser usada para detectar la presencia del patógeno en muestras de ovas embrionadas.
Tesis
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Zhao, Jing. „Computer vision systems for automated arc welding“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399073.
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Philpott, M. L. „Direct arc sensing for robot MIG welding“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376205.
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SOBRAL, SERGIO CORDEIRO. „SERIES LIMITING CURRENT REACTOR FOR ARC FURNACES“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9424@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEsta tese apresenta os principais fenômenos eletromecânicos, que ocorrem durante a operação do forno a arco, com ênfase especial nos fenômenos elétricos e magnéticos envolvidos. Apresenta também uma simulação computacional, que tem por objetivo verificar que a utilização de um reator série limitador de corrente no circuito de alimentação do forno, visando estabilizar o arco, não reduz significativamente a potência operacional do mesmo à 60Hz. A tese apresenta ainda os resultados de uma simulação analógica, que permite verificar que a impedância do reator série limitador, vista pelo circuito do forno, é pequena à 60 Hz e relativamente elevada em outras freqüências. Desta forma, tem-se um efetivo amortecimento das flutuações de corrente e tensão, causadas pela operação do forno, sem restringir a potência operacional do mesmo.
This thesis presents the main electromechanical phenomena, occuring during the operating of an arc furnace, focusing the electric and magnetic ones. It also presents a digital simulation aiming to verify that the utilization of a series limiting current reactor included into the furnace feeding circuit, for arc stabilization purposes, does not reduce its operational capacity at 60 Hz. It is also presented the results of an analogic simulation, which shows that the reactor impedance seen by the furnace circuit is small at 60 Hz and relatively large at other frequencies. Hence, an effective damping of the current and voltage variations, caused by the furnace operation, can be achieved.