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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „ASocial aspects of Forests and forestry“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "ASocial aspects of Forests and forestry"
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Parviainen, Jari, Peter Furu und Conor Kretsch. „Tools for assessment of human health dimensions in forests | Tools for assessment of human health dimensions in forests“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 161, Nr. 3 (01.03.2010): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2010.0114.
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Human health related to forests can be evaluated by Health Impact Assessment (HIA) methodologies and by using indicators of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM). The HIA systematically reviews the health aspects associated with a development policy, plan or project for a forested area, whereas the indicators of SFM can be used to monitor and give information on the existing forests, and their management, including planning. A prerequisite for the assessment of human health aspects in forestry context is defining the relevant indicators. The physical and mental aspects of human health as well as human diseases related to forest conditions are not covered comprehensively and in an operational way for use in current forest management. The health aspects need more multidisciplinary research on the cause-effect relationships between health, forest management and biodiversity. It is also necessary to develop methodologies for the estimation of the economic value of the non-market forest ecosystem services. This article outlines several possibilities to collaborate and develop joint approaches between forest and health sector to assess the health aspect in forests and to ensure that the health aspects in forest management are taken into consideration.
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Spathelf, Peter. „Seminatural silviculture in Southwest Germany“. Forestry Chronicle 73, Nr. 6 (01.12.1997): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73715-6.
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A brief historical overview shows the mainstream development pattern in German silviculture and outlines the adjacent role of naturally-oriented silviculture. The rationale for seminatural silviculture is discussed with reference to its ecological and economical aspects. Elements of seminatural silviculture of the Baden-Württemberg-concept are introduced. This concept is not purely a preservation strategy, but recognises the importance of timber production. Some aspects of selection forests, such as the special case of uneven-aged forests with a long tradition in Southwest Germany, are mentioned. As there are still a lot of even-aged (pure) forests in Southwest Germany, transformation strategies towards uneven-aged mixed forests are shown with the aid of some examples.Criteria and indicators for seminatural silviculture which have to be developed on a regional or local scale, can be used as a basis for establishing a certification process for Southwest German forests. Seminatural silviculture is suited as a rational and integrating silvicultural system to fulfil future requirements on forests in a dynamically changing world. Key words: seminatural silviculture, selection forests, transformation strategies, indicators of seminatural silviculture
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Zaldívar Jiménez, Arturo, Jorge Herrera Silveira, Carlos Coronado Molina und David Alonzo Parra. „Estructura y productividad de los manglares en la reserva de biosfera Ría Celestún, Yucatán, México“. Madera y Bosques 10 (01.09.2016): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2004.1031264.
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Una zona importante de distribución de manglares en Yucatán está asociada al sistema lagunar de la Reserva de la Biosfera Ría Celestún, localizada al noroeste de la Península. Los principales impactos hacia este ecosistema son la interrupción de flujos de agua, el crecimiento urbano no controlado, el cambio en el uso del suelo y la deforestación. El suelo de la región es cárstico y altamente permeable; al no existir ríos, la única fuente de agua son la precipitación pluvial (760 mm año-1) y las descargas de agua subterránea las cuales tienen su mayor influencia en la parte interna de la laguna, reflejándose en un gradiente de menor a mayor salinidad hacia la boca de la laguna que la conecta con el Golfo de México. Debido a este gradiente se observaron diferentes grados de estructura, dominancia de especies y productividad, registrándose las mayores estructuras y valores de caída de hojarasca de 4,09 g m2 día-1 en la parte interna y de 2,59 g m2 día-1 en la zona de la boca. Temporalmente la productividad de la laguna está relacionada con la variabilidad climática de la región (nortes, secas y lluvias). Los diferentes patrones de estructura y producción de hojarasca fueron determinados por características del suelo como la salinidad y del clima. Por lo tanto las estrategias de manejo deben considerar estos aspectos, así como la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la hidrología, ya que modificaciones, incluso pequeñas, de este aspecto producirían impactos negativos de mayor escala, sugiriendo la vulnerabilidad de este ecosistema a los cambios hidrológicos y ambientales climáticos.
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Toivonen, H. „Integrating forestry and conservation in boreal forests: ecological, legal and socio-economic aspects“. Forestry 73, Nr. 2 (01.02.2000): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/73.2.129.
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ADHIKARI, BHIM. „Poverty, property rights and collective action: understanding the distributive aspects of common property resource management“. Environment and Development Economics 10, Nr. 1 (17.01.2005): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x04001755.
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This study examines, in a developing-country context, the contribution of community forestry to household income with particular emphasis on group heterogeneity and equity in benefit distribution. The economic analysis of household-level benefits reveals that poorer households are currently benefiting less in absolute terms from community forestry than less poor households. In terms of the contribution of forests to total household income, the study results suggest that the poor are actually less dependent on forests than the rich, a finding that is somewhat contradictory to results from other similar studies. The average ‘poor’ household obtains Nepalese rupees (Nrs) 7,756 gross income from community forest annually, while the more ‘rich’ households obtain on average Nrs 24,466 per year. In terms of the contribution of forests to net household income, the study results seem to suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship – as income increases dependency on forest resources may decline. Econometric analysis suggests that income from the community forests is related to socio-economic attributes and private endowments of households. Households with land and livestock assets and upper caste households gain more from the commons, while better-educated households depend less on forest resources. Female-headed households benefit less from community forests, further aggravating the inequity in distribution of benefits. The study makes a number of recommendations to improve community forestry in Nepal.
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Boni, Jan. „La diversité de la propriété forestière privée dans le canton de Neuchâtel | The diversity of privately owned forests in Canton Neuchâtel“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 157, Nr. 7 (01.07.2006): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2006.0287.
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The Canton of Neuchâtel has more than 12 000 ha privately owned forests. Some of the private owners are at the head of patrimonial forests. The diminution of revenues from the sale of wood combined with an intensification and diversification of increasing demand for the non-material aspects of the forest encourage certain owners to throw themselves into forest management with a particular aim. Some owners have a questing soul, experimenting and studying their forests. Faced with the choice of ways to realise these goals, the most suitable and most widely spread is a multifunctional management by the means of near-to-nature silviculture. It is by mastering these principles that the forest professional is and will continue to be an acknowledged and estimated forest expert.
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Keca, Ljiljana, und Nikola Jovanovic. „Key economic aspects of forestry development in the area of the Kolubara district“. Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, Nr. 113 (2016): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1613047k.
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The Kolubara district covers the north western part of Serbia. A total of 62,330 ha or 25.3% of the Kolubara district is forest covered. Out of the total forest area, app. 18.7% are state owned, and 81.3% are private forests. The average annual volume of wood that is exported from the forests of the Kolubara district is 60,000 m? of hardwood and 670 m? of softwood. In the total volume of harvested timber, beech as a species participates on average with 60%. The aim of the research is to determine the amount of the purchase, marketing/ placement and price of wood and non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in the municipalities of Valjevo, Ub and Lajkovac. The purpose of this research is to investigate and determine the possibilities for the development of forestry, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises, which are directed towards the use of wood and NWFPs in the are of Kolubara. The subjects of research are: companies that do business in this area, the quantities that are purchased and marketed, the prices at which the products are implemented, as well as strategic documents of local self-government, which are important for economic analysis. The research was conducted in the territory of the Kolubara District, and covers 6 companies. Decreasing trends in the placement of technical wood with an average growth rate of -20% and stacked wood with an average growth rate of -12% of private forests as well as the declining trend in placements of beech logs for cutting first class with an average growth rate of -10% indicate that the wood stocks in forests is each year less and that they must be taken appropriate steps to correct the situation. The inadequate utilization of roe deer, as a resource, point percentages of realized shooting plans and projected revenues. However, it is present growth trends of shooting, with an average growth rate of 8% and placement of roe deer meat, with an average growth rate of 9.9%.
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Zając, Stanisław, Adam Kaliszewski und Wojciech Młynarski. „Forests and forestry in Poland and other EU countries“. Folia Forestalia Polonica 56, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2014-0021.
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Abstract The paper provides general information about forests and forestry in Poland against a background of other EU Member States. Based on the data published in various international sources of statistical data it presents the information of forest resources, forest health condition, protection of forests, occurrence of forest fires, employment in forestry and related sectors, as well as selected aspects of production and trade of wood and wood products and also generation and use of renewable energy. The paper concludes that Poland is characterized by vast forest and timber resources, however in view of a large area of the country and large population share of forest lands in the total area of the country and the average forest area per inhabitant are low. The high share of protected areas makes Poland one of the leaders in forest protection, however Polish forests are very vulnerable to fires. Poland is a significant producer of wood-based panels, sawnwood and pulpwood, as well as paper and cardboard.
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Dorren, Luuk, Frédéric Berger, Monika Frehner, Markus Huber, Kathrin Kühne, Roland Métral, Arthur Sandri, Raphael Schwitter, Jean-Jacques Thormann und Berchthold Wasser. „Das neue NaiS-Anforderungsprofil Steinschlag“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0016.
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The new NaiS target profile for rockfall Due to new findings on the protective function of forests against rockfall, the Federal Office for the Environment started in 2008 with a revision of the Swiss target profiles for rockfall protection forests. Until now, fall velocity of rocks, rock mass, as well as the forested slope length, were not considered for the determination of the target profile. In order to incorporate all of these important factors, an Internet-based form has been developed which calculates the target profile. This article firstly gives a short overview of the most important aspects of rockfall in protection forests and secondly presents the approach used for the calculation of the new target profile. Although the German word “Steinschlag” only refers to small rock particles, forests also have a protective effect against large blocks (e.g. >5 m3), however, a long forested transit zone with a sufficient number of trees with larger stem diameters is required for a relevant energy and risk reduction. The new target profile offers possibilities to account for such situations as well.
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B. Lindenmayer, D., und H. F. Recher. „Aspects of ecologically sustainable forestry in temperate eucalypt forests - beyond an expanded reserve system“. Pacific Conservation Biology 4, Nr. 1 (1998): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980004.
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The utilization of native forests is one of the most contentious and socially-divisive issues in Australia. Much of the recent conflict over the conservation and exploitation of Australia's temperate forests has focussed on the expansion of the reserve system. Even if this aspect of forest conflict is resolved, there will be a number of major changes required before the forest sector can be regarded as having made the transition to ecological sustainability. The expansion of the reserve system must not result in a reduction in off-reserve conservation efforts as most of the nation's forest biodiversity will still occur outside the protected area network. This means that progress toward ecological sustainability will involve an overall reduction in timber and pulpwood production from native forests. There needs to be a concerted research and monitoring effort to better understand forest ecosystems targeted for management. Such efforts must not only provide better knowledge of forest biota, but they should assist foresters to develop more ecologically-sensitive silvicultural systems ? including the partial replacement of traditional cutting methods with new ones. As part of this effort, there is a need for better stand inventory to assist more accurate resource and yield estimates, and the implementation of mechanisms to assess adherence to environmental codes for timber harvesting.
Dissertationen zum Thema "ASocial aspects of Forests and forestry"
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Rydberg, Dan. „Urban forestry in Sweden : silvicultural aspects focusing on young forests /“. Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5607-X.gif.
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Andersson, Mikael. „Spatial allocation of forest production : aspects on multiple-use forestry in Sweden /“. Alnarp : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000166/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix includes four papers and manuscripts co-written with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Buckingham, Kathleen. „The marginalisation of an orphan species : examining bamboo's fit within international forestry institutions“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669868.
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This thesis presents an examination of the interplay between bamboo and institutions of resource management in China, India and internationally, highlighting the need for greater diversity and scope of Western dominated forestry institutions and associated mechanisms. Firstly, the thesis aims to explore the conceptual understanding of forests and the exclusion of bamboo from this construction. The key reason this question is important is that it changes the 'technological zones‘ of forestry. Growing resource scarcity has meant that bamboo is now an increasingly important input in the global forest products marketplace. Secondly, the thesis aims to examine how governance mechanisms and actors respond to the inclusion of this new input. The thesis adopts the 'paper route'; the first paper traces the socio-historical reasons why bamboo‘s potential is yet to be realised, particularly within international policy. It considers the challenges of forestry being predominantly conceptualised as treed lands and the implications for the limited efficacy of sustainable forestry, carbon and trade instruments when applied to bamboo. The second paper acts as an introduction to Western produced forest certification devices, focusing on their transformation within forestry institutions and perceived legitimacy within China. The third paper focuses on a case study of bamboo certification in India. The final paper analyses the controversy regarding the efficacy of forest certification for bamboo globally. The thesis aims to explore these topics through three lines of theory. First, it contributes to institutional framing theory by examining where the idea of a 'forest' originated from and the consequences this has had for the rise of bamboo as a 'timber' product. Second, the thesis aims to further legitimacy theory in two key ways, by examining how the Chinese government accommodates and facilitates the differing needs of both international and domestic markets, whilst ultimately assuming a legitimate form of (institutionalised) domestic governance, and how the perceived input (procedure) and output (efficacy) legitimacy influence the potential success of current and future forest certification for bamboo. Third, the thesis seeks to provide a dynamic analysis of the role of certification through the lens of performativity, which uncovers how certification can create different realities for different actors. This thesis is timely and important for a number of reasons. Firstly, China is gaining more prominence on the world stage, both as an economic and political power. With increased pressure on forestry resources, the forestry administration is determined to upscale sustainable forest management. This requires adhering to global notions of sustainability thorough market mechanisms and ensuring a degree of autonomy of forest management through localising processes. Secondly, China recently received Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) bamboo certification for some of the most intensively managed areas in the country. This has increased controversy amongst experts regarding the efficacy of the mechanism to truly bring about sustainable bamboo management. Thirdly, on a more global scale, one of the crucial issues with up-scaling bamboo management is the fact that there are over 1,200 species of bamboo, with three different rooting structures: monopodial (diffuse) sympodial (clumping), and amphodial (mixed) – which have distinct policy and management needs. Focusing purely on the large-scale, intensively managed, monopodial or treelike' stands in China would ignore the vast areas of small-scale, sympodial bamboo homesteads with issues regarding flowering and propagation of sterile species. Bamboo plantations in Africa, Latin America, and India are being developed, which require enabling policy and management mechanisms. With a global industry estimated at US$10bn, the implications of an inclusive and enabling frame for bamboo management could have wide ranging impacts for both natural resource management and livelihood development.
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Haysom, Susan L. „Aspects of the ecology of black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) in plantation forests in Scotland“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1915.
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Aspects of the ecology of black grouse (Tetrao Tetrix), a species of international conservation concern, in commercial plantation forests were investigated between 1996 - 1998 at three study areas in Scotland. The aim was to identify the species' habitat and area requirements in first and second rotation forestry. The distribution of males was assessed using lek surveys and studied at two spatial scales in the mixed rotation forest landscape of Cowal, Argyll and at two spatial and temporal scales in highland Perthshire - a less afforested region. In addition, a radio-tracking study was undertaken to examine the habitat selection of broods in two first rotation plantations in north Perthshire. Pre-thicket forestry formed a preferred habitat but, in terms of lek distribution, black grouse did not differentiate between first and second rotation pre-thicket habitat patches. Patch size, the total amount of forestry in the area, the proportion that was pre-thicket stock and its level of fragmentation, however, were all correlated with the probability of a location holding a lek and the number of males attending it. Lek isolation reduced the number of males in attendance and increased the likelihood of the lek declining over time. Brood habitat preferences differed from those of adult birds. Broods selected habitats that were 'open' enough to support a rich ground flora and presumably an adequate invertebrate fauna but also 'closed' enough to provide cover, representing a compromise between foraging potential and predation risk. Brood roost sites differed by having shorter trees but a higher degree of cover 1-1.5 metres above the ground. Results from the different study areas and age classes are compared and contrasted and the implications of the research findings for 'black grouse friendly' forestry management are discussed. Finally, suggestions for further work are made.
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Lee, Poh Onn 1963. „Social coordination and forest conflicts : a case study on Sarawak, Malaysia“. Monash University, Dept. of Economics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8375.
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Dewees, Peter A. „The impact of capital and labour availability on smallholder tree growing in Kenya“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52a3c258-afb6-40b2-9cae-11bbf9fbefd1.
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Smallholder tree cultivation and management is a common form of land-use in high potential areas of Kenya. Some practices, such as the planting of trees on field boundaries are strongly rooted in customary notions of land and tree tenure. Others, such as the planting of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) woodlots, are more recent innovations, introduced to produce commodities for domestic and export markets. This thesis explores the historic, cultural, and economic dimensions of tree growing in Kenya, using archival and ethnographic data, land-use surveys, and results from a survey of 123 households in the upper coffee/lower tea zone of Murang'a District. The household survey was designed to explore the hypothesis that tree growing complements formal employment as a strategy for overcoming poorly operating factor markets and helps to ease land-use constraints imposed by labour migration. Tree planting is favored because of its low capital and recurrent costs and when farmers are unable to plant other more resource-intensive crops. The survey focused on households which currently maintain a black wattle woodlot and on households which operate parcels which were used for growing black wattle in 1967, but which have since been cleared and are being used for growing something else. The survey showed that woodlot growing households operate larger parcels, are older, support fewer residents, and have more non-resident relatives than other households in the survey. Woodlot growing parcels are also at a lower altitude and are more steeply sloping than other parcels. Patterns of resource allocation suggest that woodlot growing households are more risk averse. Logistic regression (logit) modeling explored causal relationships, suggesting woodlots are indeed more likely to be established as households age and as labour becomes scarce, and that woodlot clearance takes place when labour is more available to cultivate the holding.
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Le, Billon Philippe. „Power is consuming the forest : the political ecology of conflict and reconstruction in Cambodia“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9dd5daa2-704c-4909-850a-d4d64294cce3.
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The broad aim of this research is to further our understanding of the incorporation of nature into socio-political processes of transition within countries at war. The concomitant capitalist production of nature and construction of political power is examined through the case of forest exploitation in Cambodia. The thesis draws on political ecology, sociological theories of power, and political economic theories of commodity chains to explain the apparent failure of both the Cambodian government and the international community to employ logging revenues as a positive factor for 'peace and reconstruction'. The main period of study extends from 1987 to 1998, during which Cambodia's protracted civil war ended. Timber represented over that period close to half of Cambodia's export earnings. However, this revenue largely escaped official taxation and reportedly fuelled the conflict, broadened wealth disparities, and deepened an environmental crisis. Rather than fully subscribing to this 'politics of plunder' story-line, this thesis examines the complexities of forestry practices, and flows of logging revenue, and analyses their relationship with the construction of political power throughout the process of transition. This construction of political power is interpreted through a neopatrimonial model in which social actors' politico-economic strategies both influence, and are influenced by the transition process. In Cambodia during the period of study, these strategies reinforced a 'shadow state' politics, through which the political elite, in part responding to the demands of international markets and the political challenge of the UN-sponsored peace process, consolidated its power by reorganising productive networks outside formal governance. In turn, domestic and international actors through both discursive and material practices resisted these strategies. The case of logging in Cambodia is thus interpreted as a contested process of transforming nature and incorporating space into 'productive networks', as part of a broader political economy of power.
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Motaung, Tsholofelo. „Review of forest plantation funding in South Africa“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97471.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Developing sustainable forests has been acknowledged to be important, not just as a way of averting deforestation and land degradation, but as another opportunity to contribute positively towards rural development, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Forestry development has, however, not received the recognition it deserves. Its importance to economic development and its potential contribution have not been explicitly communicated and thus remain undervalued. The long rotations required for trees to mature, plus the associated risk from fires, pests and diseases has affected the sector’s ability to attract investment. In South Africa this reluctance is evident in both the public and private sectors alike. Access to finance for forestry remains a challenge, which negatively affects the supply to the processing part of the value chain. The objective of the study is to review current forestry funding mechanisms in South Africa, specifically plantations and their contributions to rural economic development. Using secondary data, the study reviewed the current sector funding from the state, development funding institutions and the private sector. The study also looked at alternative sources used in other countries and how they can be customised to the South African economy. In this study it was found that there are gaps between policies aimed at the development of the sector on the one hand, and the resources allocated to the sector on the other hand. The available schemes fail to support the sector policies’ objectives. These discrepancies can be attributed to the poor design of the current offering, the development of which failed to fully consider the dynamics of the sector. The conclusion of the study was that the government needs to play more of a leading role in developing the sector, especially with the small-scale growers who cannot be catered for by both commercial and development banks. The sector also stands to benefit significantly from better collaboration between the public and private sectors. Policies that create an enabling environment would also encourage the private sector to invest more. The study also suggested that, in view of the dynamics of the sector and its contribution to climate change risk mitigation, there is room to tap innovative funding such as that offered by environmental funding.
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Trisasongko, Bambang Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. „Monitoring a mine-influenced environment in Indonesia through radar polarimetry“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39747.
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Although remotely sensed data have been employed to assess various environmental problems, relatively few previous studies have focused on the impacts of mining. In Indonesia, mining activities have increasingly become one of major drivers of land cover change. The majority of remote sensing research projects on mining environments have exploited optical data which are frequently complicated by tmospheric disturbance, especially in tropical territories. Active remote sensors such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are invaluable in this case. Monitoring by Independent SAR data has been limited due to single polarisation. Dual-polarised data have been employed considerably, although for some forestry applications the data were found insufficient to retrieve basic information. This Masters thesis is devoted to assess fully polarimetric SAR data for environmental monitoring of the tailings deposition zone of the PT Freeport Indonesia Grasberg mine in Papua, Indonesia. The main data were two granules of the AIRSAR datasets acquired during the PACRIM-II campaign. To support the interpretation and analysis, a scene of Landsat ETM February 2001) was used, juxtaposed with classified aerial photographs and a series of SPOT VEGETATION images. Both backscattering information and complex coherence matrices, as common representations of polarimetric data, were studied. Primary applications of this research were on degraded forest and environmental rehabilitation. Most parts of Indonesian forests have experienced abrupt changes as an impact of clear-cut deforestation. Gradual changes such as those due to fire or flooded tailings, however, are least studied. It was shown that the Cloude-Pottier polarimetric decomposition provided a convenient way to interpret various stages of forest disturbance. The result suggested that the Entropy parameter of the Cloude-Pottier decomposition could be used as a disturbance indicator. Using the fully polarimetric dataset combined with Support Vector Machine learning, the outcomes were generally acceptable. It was possible to improve classification accuracy by incorporating decomposition parameters, although it seemed insignificant. Land rehabilitation on tailings deposits has been a central concern of the government and the mining operator. Indigenous plant pioneers such as reeds (Phragmites) can naturally grow on dry tailings where soil structure is fairly well developed. To assist such efforts, a part of this research involved identification of dry tailings. On the first assessment, interpretation of surface scatterers was aided by polarimetric signatures. Apparently, longer wavelengths such as L- and P-band were overpenetrated; hence, growing reeds on dry tailings were less detectable. In this case, the use of C-band data was found fairly robust. Employing Mahalanobis statistics, the combination of HH and VV performed well on classification, having similar accuracy with quad polarimetric data. Extension on previous results was made through the Freeman-Durden decomposition. Interpretation using a three-component image of odd, even bounce and volume scattering showed that dry and wet tailings could be well distinguished. The application was benefited from unique responses of dielectric materials in the tailings deposit on SAR signals; hence it is possible to discriminate tailings with different moisture levels. However, further assessment of tailings moisture was not possible due to security reasons and access limitations at the study site. Fully polarimetric data were also employed to support rehabilitation of stressed mangrove forest on the southern coast. In this case, the Cloude-Pottier decomposition was employed along with textural parameters. Inclusion of textural properties was found invaluable for the classification using various statistical trees, and more important than decomposition parameters. It was concluded that incorporating polarimetric decompositions and textural parameters into coherence matrix leads to profound accuracy.
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Rapera, Corazon L. „Potential impacts of various capital gains tax structures on forest investments“. Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135205/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "ASocial aspects of Forests and forestry"
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Śaṅkar, Pi. Ī aḍavi mādē: Daṇḍakāraṇya viplavōdyama caritra. [Srikakulam]: Prāṇahita Pracuraṇalu, 2002.
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Singh, Negi Sharad, Hrsg. Forests and forestry. 5. Aufl. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India, 1994.
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Introduction to forestry economics. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1990.
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Shah, S. A. Forestry for people. New Delhi: Publications and Information Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 1988.
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Kissock, Heather. Forestry. Calgary: Weigl Educational Publications, 2007.
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The endangered forests. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1993.
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N, Tewari D. Forests and environment. Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributors, 1994.
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Macklin, Chuck. British Columbia's forestry sector. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, 1992.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment Committee. Forestry and the environment. London: HMSO, 1993.
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Allaby, Michael. Temperate forests. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "ASocial aspects of Forests and forestry"
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Fanta, Josef. „Forests and Forest Environments“. In The Physical Geography of Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199277759.003.0028.
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North-western Europe has on various counts a very heterogeneous character. Crystalline and metamorphic bedrocks of various ages and Tertiary and Quaternary deposits define its geology and geomorphological features. The area belongs to several climatic zones and parts of it went through quite different processes during their Quaternary development. All these aspects were of essential importance for forests—their origin, development, species composition, structural features, and the character of their environments. During the postglacial period favourable climatic conditions enabled trees to migrate from the refuges in the south and south-east of Europe to the north and north-west. With the exception of extreme conditions all the dry land of north-western Europe was covered with forests whose species composition varied, depending on local conditions of the physical environment. Natural woods and forests, both closed and open and continuously changing in time, contributed greatly to natural landscape diversity. Since the Neolithic and especially in the Middle Ages, human influence becomes the crucial factor of forest development, the impact being superimposed on natural conditions and evolutionary processes. Man not only drastically reduced the forested area in Europe, but the use of forests over several millennia also strongly changed the conditions for the functioning of forests as natural ecosystems. As a result, the man-made forests of today often have little in common with natural forest communities, which once covered the European continent. Nevertheless, even these man-made forests have important functions: they greatly influence the local climate and the hydrological regime of the landscape; they protect steep slopes against erosion and are an important source of biodiversity; and they contribute strongly to the variety of landscape structure as well as to the protection of the environment. This chapter provides a general survey of the phytogeographical, palaeoecological, and environmental aspects of forests in north-western Europe. For a proper insight the following components are taken into consideration: • the abiotic component (the physical environment: topography, climate); • the phytogeographical component (horizontal distribution and altitudinal zonation); • the historical component (postglacial development, early impact of humans on forests); • the ecological component (distribution and ecological properties of trees, main forest types); • the forest use component (organized forestry and its development and the present situation of forests and forestry.
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Campbell, Lindsay K. „Creating Planyc“. In City of Forests, City of Farms. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707506.003.0003.
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Chapter two examines the politics of PlaNYC agenda-setting, revealing the key actors involved in creating the plan, including the mayor, city agencies, and local civil society groups. In particular, it focuses on less-visible aspects of municipal decision-making, including issue framing that occurred prior to public release of the plan. It shows how the plan contributes to a green growth agenda, but lacked strong public involvement in its creation. It explains the goals and initiatives related to urban forestry that were included in PlaNYC as well as why goals related to gardening and farming were “left on the cutting room floor.”
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Vertakova, Yulia, Saniyat Agamagomedova, Irina Sergeeva, Andrey Tarasov, Svetlana Morkovina, Enric Seedine und Potapova Irina. „Digital Mechanisms of Management System Optimization in the Forest Industry“. In Avatar-Based Control, Estimation, Communications, and Development of Neuron Multi-Functional Technology Platforms, 174–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1581-5.ch009.
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This chapter discusses digital mechanisms for optimizing the management system in the forest industry, which includes organizational, legal, socio-economic, and environmental aspects. Efficient forest management is considered as an integral part of efficient nature management and includes the use of forest resources, their protection, and reproduction of forests. Digital management mechanisms in forest management in general and in the forest industry in particular are based on platform solutions. Platform solutions are based on the formation and processing of data on the basis of a single automated information system, which acts as the foundation for the development of digitalization in forestry. Such a digital platform is designed to provide informational, analytical, consulting, and other support to the activities of all subjects of relations in the field of use, conservation, protection, and reproduction of forest resources.
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Lorbiecki, Marybeth. „A Wild Proposal: 1919– 1924“. In A Fierce Green Fire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0013.
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On August 1, 1919, Aldo was appointed to the second-highest position in District 3—Assistant Forester in Charge of Operations. Numerous foresters grumbled that Leopold didn’t deserve the job and was hardly suited to its enormous responsibilities. He hadn’t proven he was versed enough in all aspects of forestry management to handle the overarching tasks of inspecting every forest, reporting on what he found, and suggesting improvements. Leopold had a rigorous schedule to follow—three forests per summer, with a month at each. Since the Forest Service had no set inspection method, Leopold had to develop his own. His first reports were sketchy. He wrote more comments on rangers’ initiative and reading habits than on the details of their work or the conditions of their fire stations. During a late-summer tour of his old stomping ground, the Carson, Leopold roved further south into the Datil Forest. He fished away a Sunday at the headwaters of the Gila River and came away relaxed and refreshed. No telephone poles or roads cut across the landscape; there were just the pines; the trout; the tingle of fresh, pungent air; and a breeze alive with bird calls. Few areas like this remained in District 3. Was there, he wondered, a legal way to preserve the canyonlands around the Gila just as they were? That December, at a meeting of district foresters in Salt Lake City, Leopold heard about a young forest assistant named Arthur Carhart from District 2 in Colorado. Carhart, the Forest Service’s first landscape architect, had been dubbed the “Beauty Engineer” by his coworkers. Carhart had recommended that Trappers Lake, in the White River National Forest, be permanently preserved in a wilderness state—no so-called improvements. On his return trip, Leopold stopped by the D-2 offices to meet the man. Up to this point, attempts to set aside natural areas in the national forests led only to national parks or “primitive areas” that were open to later development. Leopold did not trust the park system to preserve any wilderness area intact.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "ASocial aspects of Forests and forestry"
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RZĄSA, Krzysztof, und Marek OGRYZEK. „THE SOCIAL ACTIONS OF THE STATE FORESTS IN POLAND“. In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.170.
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Poland is in one of a leading position in Europe in terms of forested area. Forests grow over 9.4 million hectares, which is 29.5% of the territory of Poland. The vast majority of this area is forests owned by the state, out of which almost 7.6 million hectares are under the management of the State Forests Holding. Educating society about forestry and environment is one of the main priorities of the State Forests. The State Forests’ educational offer is aimed at children, youths and adults, including people with disabilities. It is all about popularising knowledge about forestry and sustainable forest management. This article focuses on the social actions of the State Forests’ operations based on an analysis of the data obtained from reports made by the State Forests. These information and materials were analysed to identify the social aspects of actions carried out by the State Forests in Poland. The authors analysed various kinds of activities of the State Forests connected with social aims. The results of the analyses were presented in table format. The results were used to analyse and describe the social aspects of the State Forests’ operations in the forested area in Poland. The social actions of the State Forests in Poland have been very positively evaluated by the authors based on the achieved analyses.
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A. LOPES, José, und Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO. „INPUT OF COMMUNAL FORESTS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL POPULATION: STUDY CASE OF NORTHERN PORTUGAL AND GALICIA“. In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.227.
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Communal forests occupy one million hectares in the Northern of Portugal and Galicia. Since centuries ago, “Baldios” and “Montes Veciñais en Man Común” (MVMC) played an essential function in the economy of their owner communities. This role was lost all through the last century due to the enormous afforestation and the decrease of agriculture. The restitution of democratic regimes returned the communal forests tenure to the communities. Given the extension and high average area, our paper aims to research its potentialities and limitations of contribution to rural development. Two case studies, one in North Portugal and another one in Galicia, allow identifying the individual and collective traditional uses and the achievements made with revenues linked. Both Galician and Portuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits, and needing social and economic innovation to make a better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and small-scale business projects could maintain the network of local produce markets with attractive aesthetic values as well as biodiversity conservation. The comparison of the different criteria shows economic aspects are the most valorised by the stakeholders. The management decision of collective forests was the alternative mixed by the communities and the Forestry Services as the best one to complete the main objective of sustainable rural development. As a final conclusion of our work, remarking that the communities owning these forests currently seem to have the conditions to successfully manage their properties if the commoners are able to mobilize and adequate organize the communities.