Thematische Bibliographien / Atomic scale description

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Atomic scale description“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 19. Juli 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Atomic scale description"

Cruz, Eduardo, and Klaus Schulten. "Atomic Scale Description of Ionic Behavior in Polymer Nanopores." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (2009): 644a—645a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3835.

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Pignatelli, Isabella, Enrico Mugnaioli, Re´gine Mosser-Ruck, Odile Barres, Ute Kolb, and Nicolas Michau. "A multi-technique, micrometer- to atomic-scale description of a synthetic analogue of chukanovite, Fe2(CO3)(OH)2." European Journal of Mineralogy 26, no. 2 (2014): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2014/0026-2370.

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Zapolsky, H., G. Demange, and Rafal Abdank-Kozubski. "From the Atomistic to the Mesoscopic Scale Modeling of Phase Transition in Solids." Diffusion Foundations 12 (September 2017): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.12.111.

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The phase-field method is a very powerful tool to model the phase transformation and microstructural evolution of solids at mesoscopic scale. However, several important phenomena, like defect formation, grain boundary motion, or reconstructive phase transitions require an atomic scale study. Recently an approach called the quasi-particle approach, based on the Atomic Density Function theory was developed to incorporate the atomic-level crystalline structures into standard continuum theory for pure and multicomponent systems. This review focuses on the description of different computational met

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Fossati, Paul C. M., Michael J. D. Rushton, and William E. Lee. "Atomic-scale description of interfaces in rutile/sodium silicate glass–crystal composites." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 26 (2018): 17624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00675j.

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Zhao, Zheng, Haoxiang Xu, Yi Gao, and Daojian Cheng. "Universal description of heating-induced reshaping preference of core–shell bimetallic nanoparticles." Nanoscale 11, no. 3 (2019): 1386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr08889f.

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To achieve universal description of the reshaping process of core–shell bimetallic nanoparticles, we combined the tight-binding Ising Hamiltonian model with molecular dynamic simulations to propose a general theoretical model at the atomic scale while considering the temperature, bond energy, atomic size, and surface energy effects.

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Ruano Merchan, C., T. T. Dorini, F. Brix, et al. "Two-dimensional square and hexagonal oxide quasicrystal approximants in SrTiO₃ films grown on Pt(111)/Al₂O₃(0001)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 12 (2022): 7253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05296a.

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An all-thin-film approach allows the synthesis of novel two-dimensional quasicrystalline approximants and an atomic scale description is provided based on combined experimental and theoretical investigations.

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Lynch, Diane, Dow Hurst, Patti Reggio, Alan Grossfield, and Mike Pitman. "Atomic Level Description of GPCR Activation Revealed by Microsecond Time Scale Molecular Dynamics." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (2009): 365a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.1965.

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Randrianandraina, Joharimanitra, Michael Badawi, Bruno Cardey, et al. "Adsorption of water in Na-LTA zeolites: an ab initio molecular dynamics investigation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 34 (2021): 19032–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02624k.

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The very wide range of applications of LTA zeolites, including the storage of tritiated water, implies that a detailed and accurate atomic-scale description of the adsorption processes taking place in their structure is crucial.

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Turlo, V., O. Politano, and F. Baras. "Microstructure evolution and self-propagating reactions in Ni-Al nanofoils: An atomic-scale description." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 708 (June 2017): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.051.

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Caballero, Francisca G., Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Hung Wei Yen, et al. "Complex Nano-Scale Structures for Unprecedented Properties in Steels." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2401.

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Processing bulk nanoscrystalline materials for structural applications still poses a significant challenge, particularly in achieving an industrially viable process. In this context, recent work has proved that complex nanoscale steel structures can be formed by solid reaction at low temperatures. These nanocrystalline bainitic steels present the highest strength ever recorded, unprecedented ductility, fatigue on par with commercial bearing steels and exceptional rolling-sliding wear performances. A description of the characteristics and significance of these remarkable structures in the conte

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Atomic scale description"

Ellezam, Laura. "Dopage (Co/Fe) de nanoparticules de RuO2 : synthèse, modélisation et caractérisation structurale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS304.

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Ce travail concerne l’analyse complète des nanoparticules (NPs) de RuO2 dopées au Co ou au Fe. Le défi ici réside dans la taille des systèmes, comprise entre 1 et 2,5nm. Les synthèses sont réalisées par trois voies différentes de chimie douce en solvant aqueux : la voie sol-gel, hydrothermale, et co-précipitation. Le Fe se substitue facilement au Ru, le Co plus difficilement. À l’issue de l’étude de ces méthodes de synthèse, des NPs dopées au Co et au Fe ont été synthétisées. Afin de les caractériser et de comprendre l’influence, notamment structurale, des dopants, les calculs DFT et la caract

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Buchteile zum Thema "Atomic scale description"

Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter, and Andreas Krumm. "Abstract Methods on Mesoscopic Scales of Friction." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_6.

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AbstractIn recent years, research has increasingly focused on the complex processes involved in friction contacts. Especially in tribological high-loaded contacts, characterized by the presence of contact modifying wear particles, macroscopic friction shows a surprisingly high dynamic complexity on many temporal and local scales. There are dominant effects on mesoscopic scales such as the geometric self-organization structures of the wear dust in the contact, which can significantly change the local contact surfaces. For the description and simulation of these phenomena, abstract methods have shown their effectiveness. One class of methods are cellular automata, both volume- and particle-based. The latter are in particular the Movable Cellular Automata developed by Sergey Psakhie. The scales of these discrete methods are freely selectable in wide ranges between the macro world and the atomic scale. Nevertheless, they provide reliable information on mesoscopic balances in the boundary layer and thus also on the macroscopic behavior of the tribocontact. The success of these methods is shown by the example of an automotive brake. The question of the relative insensitivity of the scales of these mesoscopic methods is examined in detail.

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Dyall, Kenneth G., and Knut Faegri. "One-Electron Atoms." In Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.003.0012.

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The development of quantum chemistry, that is, the solution of the Schrödinger equation for molecules, is almost exclusively founded on the expansion of the molecular electronic wave function as a linear combination of atom-centered functions, or atomic orbitals—the LCAO approximation. These orbitals are usually built up out of some set of basis functions. The properties of the atomic functions at large and small distances from the nucleus determines to a large extent what characteristics the basis functions must have, and for this purpose it is sufficient to examine the properties of the hydrogenic solutions to the Schrödinger equation. If we are to do the same for relativistic quantum chemistry, we should first examine the properties of the atomic solutions to determine what kind of basis functions would be appropriate. However, the atomic solutions of the Dirac equation provide more than merely a guide to the choice of basis functions. The atoms in a molecule retain their atomic identities to a very large extent, and the modifications caused by the molecular field are quite small for most properties. In order to arrive at a satisfactory description of the relativistic effects in molecules, we must first of all be able to treat these effects at the atomic level. The insight gained into the effects of relativity on atomic structure is therefore a necessary and useful starting point for relativistic quantum chemistry. As in the nonrelativistic case, most of the salient features of the atomic systems are exposed in the treatment of the simplest of these, the hydrogen-like one-electron atoms. In Hartree atomic units the time-independent Dirac equation yields the coupled equations where we have shifted the energy by −mc2 (with m = 1), as discussed in section 4.6. We will use this shifted energy scale for the rest of the book unless otherwise explicitly indicated. V is here a scalar, central potential.

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Pink, David A., M. Shajahan G. Razul, T. Gordon, B. Quinn, and A. J. MacDonald. "Computer Simulation Techniques for Modelling Statics and Dynamics of Nanoscale Structures." In Edible Nanostructures. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849738958-00230.

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This chapter describes computer simulation techniques that are used to model the statics and dynamics of nanoscale structures and their self-organized assemblies via their physical interactions. We describe some models which cannot be enabled without employing computer simulation but do not explicitly address models such as self-consistent field approaches or DLVO theory. The chapter is divided into four sections: introduction and background, atomic scale molecular dynamics, coarse-grained modelling and stochastic processes, and fluid flow. It is introduced via brief descriptions of protein folding and crystalline microscale structures in edible oils. A brief background to important aspects of statistical mechanics is followed by a description of atomic scale molecular dynamics. The spatial scale is then expanded and coarse-graining of atomic interactions is described. This leads into nanoscale systems and stochastic processes, and we describe the various applications of Monte Carlo techniques. The fourth section deals with fluid flow and we describe dissipative particle dynamics and, to a lesser extent, lattice-Boltzmann theory. In all sections we give steps to follow (recipes) in using these techniques. In addition, we give one or two examples of modelling and how computer simulation was used. Although our choices of methods and examples reflect our principal interests, we are not pushing for the use of one technique rather than another. We describe techniques which either continue to play fundamental roles in computer simulation of soft matter and fluids or are newer developments which have shown increased use in the last decade.

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Netzer, Falko P., and Claudine Noguera. "Methods of study." In Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834618.003.0003.

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The experimental and theoretical characterization of oxide nanostructures is addressed. The experimental techniques are classified according to their information content, revealing atomic geometry, chemical composition, electronic structure as well as magnetic, vibrational and chemical properties. Due to the nanometer scale dimensions of oxide nanosystems, many experimental techniques are derived fom the field of surface science and involve ultrahigh vacuum technology. The quantum-theoretical simulations for the description of oxide materials are presented by progressing from simple to increasingly sophisticated methods; the latter become necessary to accurately treat electron correlation effects, which are significant in many oxide materials, in particular at low dimension. Electronic structure methods, total energy methods and atomic structure simulation methods are introduced and discussed.

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Batterman, Robert W. "Hydrodynamics." In A Middle Way. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568613.003.0003.

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This chapter begins the argument that the best way to understand the relations of relative autonomy between theories at different scales is through a mesoscale hydrodynamic description of many-body systems. It focuses on the evolution of conserved quantities of those systems in near, but out of equilibrium states. A relatively simple example is presented of a system of spins where the magnetization is the conserved quantity of interest. The chapter introduces the concepts of order parameters, of local quantities, and explains why we should be focused on the gradients of densities that inhabit the mesoscale between the scale of the continuum and that of the atomic. It introduces the importance of correlation functions and linear response.

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Fisz Jacek J., Buczkowski Marcin, Rożnowska Anna, and Miszta Przemysław. "Two-photon-excitation fluorescence depolarization in solutions and nano-scale-organized (macro)molecular media: Application of the wide-angular detection-aperture technique." In Atomic and Molecular Nonlinear Optics: Theory, Experiment and Computation. IOS Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-742-0-179.

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We here discuss a problem of time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy at two-photon excitations of macroscopically isotropic molecular media, that can be organized locally on a nano-scale. The simplifying assumptions on the hydrodynamical shape of fluorophores and on the form of the two-photon absorption tensor, are considered and displayed on the corresponding examples of the emission anisotropy synthetic decays. These assumptions reduce the number of the model parameters making the theoretical description of the discussed spectroscopic technique applicable in the experimental practice. Because the two-photon excitations of fluorescence require the application of the exciting light of appropriately high intensity, and that may have a negative influence on the quality of the experimental data collected, we discuss the application of the wide-angular detection-aperture technique in such experiments. Furthermore, we consider the application of the symmetry adapted callibration (SAC) method enabling one to accurately analyze the experimental data even if the collecting optics employed is not ideal and is affected by several unexpected technical imperfections that are hard to be accounted for analytically.

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Janin, Joël. "Challenges in structural molecular biology: genomics in three dimensions." In Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecules: Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation for Condensed Matter Studies. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198504535.003.0001.

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Abstract Challenges are the daily bread of science. Research is all about creating new knowledge, new ways of understanding and mastering the world around us. Structural molecular biology is even more so, as a relatively new and fast moving field of investigation. Its specific aim is to give a description of biological macromolecules and their assemblies at the atomic level, and to relate their structure to the many elaborate functions they perform in cells and organisms. The founding example, arguably still the best example of a structure that explains a function, is the DNA double helix discovered by Jim Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 (Watson and Crick 1953). Their discovery entirely changed biology, and the consequences are still far from exhausted. A few years after the double helix, Max Perutz and John Kendrew found the haemoglobin structure (Perutz et al. 1959) and established X-ray crystallography as the major tool for determining macromolecular structures at the atomic level. At the end of this century, crystallography has been joined by electron microscopy and high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The three techniques have different capacities and limitations, they complement each other and, together, they strive to meet new challenges. One of these is to tackle larger and larger objects and to make structural biology progress upwards from the angstrom (A) scale of the atom to the micrometre (pm) scale of cells, where optical microscopy can take over. In specific cases, X-ray crystallography almost reaches there, as it has succeeded in solving the atomic structure of viruses nearly 1000 A, or 0.1 pm, in diameter. Still, viruses are best studied by the very powerful combination of crystallography and electron microscopy pioneered by Aaron Klug (1983) and now extended to macromolecular assemblies such as the ribosome or the cell membrane. In general, large structures are being approached by crystallography in parallel with other techniques, among which near-field microscopies may become important contributors in coming years.

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Lindsay, S. M. "Microscopy and manipulation tools." In Introduction to Nanoscience. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199544202.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter describes the important imaging and manipulation tools without which Nanoscience would be impossible. We begin with a description of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM; Section 4.1) because this was the first instrument that made the manipulation of single atoms feasible. Atomic scale imaging had been possible (using electron microscopes) for some time before the STM was invented, but the ease of operation and construction of STMs popularized Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. The STM has largely been superseded by its close relation, the atomic force microscope (AFM), because the AFM is capable of imaging insulating surfaces and therefore has a more general set of applications (Section 4.2). The AFM also enabled the measurement of the mechanical properties of individual molecules, and this application to single molecule force measurements is also reviewed here (Section 4.2.6). Despite these enormous advances in scanning probe microscopy, the electron microscope still offers the most accurate measurement of many nanoscale structures and we review some aspects of electron microscopy in Section 4.3. At around the same time that the AFM was becoming popular, the optics community began to develop techniques and dyes for fluorescent imaging of single molecules (Section 4.4). These methods broke the classical limits on optical resolution, allowing particles to be located with nanometer accuracy in optical images. The new optical methods also enabled new approaches to measuring motion at a single molecule level. The discovery that small particles could be manipulated with a light beam also occurred in this time frame (the mid-1980s), leading to the development of devices that manipulate single molecules attached to small particles (Section 4.5). Methods for the direct imaging of nanostructures and the measurement of their mechanical properties and their fluctuations have undergone a dramatic revolution in the past 20 years.

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Nitzan, Abraham. "Introduction To Liquids." In Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529798.003.0010.

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The statistical mechanics of atomic motion in gases and solids have convenient starting points. For gases it is the ideal gas limit where intermolecular interactions are disregarded. In solids, the equilibrium structure is pre-determined, the dynamics at normal temperature is characterized by small amplitude motions about this structure and the starting point for the description of such motions is the harmonic approximation that makes it possible to describe the system in terms of noninteracting normal modes (phonons). Liquids are considerably more difficult to describe on the atomic/molecular level: their densities are of the same order as those of the corresponding solids, however, they lack symmetry and rigidity and, with time, their particles execute large-scale motions. Expansion about a noninteracting particle picture is therefore not an option for liquids. On the other hand, with the exclusion of low molecular mass liquids such as hydrogen and helium, and of liquid metals where some properties are dominated by the conduction electrons, classical mechanics usually provides a reasonable approximation for liquids at and above room temperature. For such systems concepts from probability theory (see Section 1.1.1) will be seen to be quite useful. This chapter introduces the reader to basic concepts in the theory of classical liquids. It should be emphasized that the theory itself is general and can be applied to classical solids and gases as well, as exemplified by the derivation of the virial expansion is Section 5.6 below. We shall limit ourselves only to concepts and methods needed for the rest of our discussion of dynamical processes in such environments.

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"Scattering in Three Dimensions." In Quantum Mechanics Classical Results, Modern Systems, and Visualized Examples, edited by Richard W. Robinett. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198530978.003.0019.

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Abstract While much of our knowledge of the microscopic world has been gleaned from bound state problems (e.g. the spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, nuclei, etc.), scattering experiments have also provided a wealth of information on the nature of the constituents of matter and their interactions on atomic scales and below.É Because much of the formalism of scattering is similar in the classical and quantum formulations, we begin by discussing some generalities shared by the two descriptions.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Atomic scale description"

Martel, Sylvain M., Lorenzo Cervera Olague, Juan Bautista Coves Ferrando, et al. "General description of the wireless miniature NanoWalker robot designed for atomic-scale operations." In Intelligent Systems and Advanced Manufacturing, edited by Bradley J. Nelson and Jean-Marc Breguet. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.444130.

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Glasgow, S., P. Meystre, and N. Wilkens. "Doppleron-catalyzed Bragg resonances in atom optics." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tuaaa4.

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Effective atomic beam splitters providing large scattering angles are central to atom optics and atom interferometry. Their most common optical realization relies on first-order Bragg scattering, which generates a splitting of the atomic wave function in momentum space. For typical atomic beam velocities of the order of 100 m/s, 2ħk produces very small scattering angles. Higher-order Bragg scattering is of questionable practicality, because of the need for atom–field interaction times that scale exponentially with the scattering order. Attempts at solving this problem include the introduction

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Ji, Pengfei, Mengzhe He, Yiming Rong, Yuwen Zhang, and Yong Tang. "Multiscale Investigation of Thickness Dependent Melting Thresholds of Nickel Film Under Femtosecond Laser Heating." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86947.

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A multiscale modeling that integrates electronic scale ab initio quantum mechanical calculation, atomic scale molecular dynamics simulation, and continuum scale two-temperature model description of the femtosecond laser processing of nickel film at different thicknesses is carried out in this paper. The electron thermophysical parameters (heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and electron-phonon coupling factor) are calculated from first principles modeling, which are further substituted into molecular dynamics and two-temperature model coupled energy equations of electrons and phonons. The mel

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Qian, Dong, and Qingjin Zheng. "Coarse-Grained Modeling and Simulation of Nanoscale Systems Based on Discrete Hyper-Elastic Model." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68088.

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The subject of developing equivalent continuum models from the atomistic models has attracted significant attention in recent years. An outstanding issue in extending the continuum model to smaller scales is the size effect. Such a size effect is intimately related to the discrete nature of the atomic structure and nonlocal interaction among the atoms. In many of the existing continuum approaches, discrete variables are introduced in the constitutive model to account for these non-continuum effects. In this paper, we present a discrete hyperelasticity model as an alternative. Our approach, how

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Kogut, L., and K. Komvopoulos. "Adhesion Analysis for MEMS Based on Electrical Contact Resistance Measurements." In STLE/ASME 2003 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2003-trib-0271.

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Because adhesion forces are especially important at the submicron scale, they play a dominant role in several fields of nanotechnology, such as biology, atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, magnetic disk drives, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The profound importance of adhesion forces in MEMS has been the principal theme of several studies. A common approach for measuring the surface energy is based on balancing the elastic energy stored in microcantilever beams partially adhered to substrates with the work of adhesion, assumed equal to the surface energy multiplied by the appare

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Khan, M. M., G. Zatzman, and M. R. Islam. "The Formulation of a Comprehensive Mass and Energy Balance Equation." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69171.

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Nanotechnologies are considered to be the driver of the Information-Age engineering. Recent discoveries in practically all aspects of engineering developments indicate that properties at nano-levels are starkly different from properties at bulk levels. These discoveries signal great potentials for nanotechnologies that can revolutionize all technologies, ranging from medicine to energy. However, the same discoveries also point to the fact that conventional laws and theories that have enjoyed long-standing confidence of the scientific community do not apply to nanotechnologies. In absence of su

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Park, Pilyeon, Mirna Urquidi-Macdonald, and Digby D. Macdonald. "Application of the PDM (Point Defect Model) to the Oxidation of Zircaloy Fuel Cladding in Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49098.

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The PDM [Point Defect Model, D. D. Macdonald, Pure Appl. Chem., 71, 951 (1999)] describes the corrosion of passive metals in aqueous media in terms of the generation and annihilation of point defects at the passive film interfaces. In the current work, we have modified the PDM to provide a comprehensive, atomic scale description of the growth of bilayer passive films on zirconium to simulate the corrosion of Zircaloy fuel cladding in BWRs and PWRs under high burn-up conditions. Two models have been formulated; one comprising a hydride inner (barrier) layer and an oxide outer layer and other co

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Moinereau, Dominique, Ste´phane Chapuliot, Ste´phane Marie, and Philippe Gilles. "NESC VII: A European Project for Application of WPS in RPV Assessment Including Biaxial Loading." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25399.

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The Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is an essential component liable to limit the lifetime duration of PWR plants. The assessment of defects in RPV subjected to PTS transients made at a European level do not necessarily take into account the beneficial effect of load history (warm pre-stress WPS) on the resistance of RPV material regarding the risk of brittle failure. A 4-year European Research & Development program — SMILE — was successfully conducted between 2002 and 2005 as part of the 5th Framework of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). The objective of the SMILE project (‘St

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Rajan, K. K., G. Vijayakumar, S. Chandramouli, K. Madhusoodhanan, P. Kalyanasundaram, and G. Vaidyanathan. "Experimental Evaluation of Wire Type Leak Detector Layout for Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75822.

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Wire type leak detectors working on conductivity principle are used for detecting sodium leak in the secondary sodium circuits of FBRs. It is required to assess the performance of these detectors and confirm that they are meeting the requirements. A test facility by name LEENA was constructed at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam to test the wire type leak detector lay out by simulating sodium leaks of different rates. This test facility consists of a sodium dump tank, a test vessel, interconnecting pipelines with valves, micro filter and test section with leak simulat

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Sasikanth, Anne, and Shao Wang. "Fractal-Regular Surface Characterization Based on Experimental Data From Atomic Force Microscopy of Hard Disks." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44356.

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Engineering surfaces should be characterized as fractal-regular surfaces since they possess both a macroscopic regular shape component and a random fractal component. In the present study, surface topography measurements were conducted for magnetic hard disks with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The power spectral density data obtained reveal a regular shape region and two fractal regions, indicating bifractal-regular behavior. By combining the AFM data with previous profilometer data, a complete description of the power spectral density behavior of the measured surfaces was obtained for a w

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