Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Azimine“

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, 2013.<br>Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2014-05-27T15:17:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_LoianeGomesdeMoraisRocha_Parcial.pdf: 13027446 bytes, checksum: 18463463cbd5c91e4bf88adc815a8756 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2014-05-27T15:26:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_LoianeGomesdeMoraisRocha_Parcial.pdf: 13027446 bytes, checksum: 18463463cbd5c91e4bf88adc815a8756 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T15:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_LoianeGomesdeMoraisRocha_Parcial.pdf: 13027446 bytes, checksum: 18463463cbd5c91e4bf88adc815a8756 (MD5)<br>A área de estudo envolve parte do Lineamento Azimute 125° (Az 125°), localizado nos estados de Goiás e Minas Gerais, e perfaz um extenso conjunto de falhas com direção NW-SE, formado durante o Evento Orogênico Brasiliano (iniciado há cerca de 950 Ma), que serviu como conduto para ascensão de magma. Na área de estudo, o Az 125° constitui uma feição com cerca de 850 km de extensão e 70 km de largura. Ao longo deste lineamento estão os mais importantes complexos carbonatíticos e kimberlíticos do Brasil o que lhe confere o caráter de principal feição estrutural associada a essas províncias. Contudo, o Az 125° não é cartografado em mapas geológicos, em escala regional, como feição contínua por não apresentar expressão persistente em superfície ou em imagens de satélite. Ao longo do Az 125° ocorrem províncias geológicas com mineralizações de grande relevância econômica, atribuindo à área importância geológica. Entretanto, poucos estudos do Az 125° são encontrados na literatura. Nesta tese, propõe-se contribuir com o conhecimento desse Lineamento a partir de sua relevante assinatura magnética que lhe caracteriza como um conjunto de feições lineares de continuidade regional em subsuperfície que é realçado por uma resposta de susceptibilidade magnética contrastante com aquelas apresentadas por suas rochas encaixantes. Com base nas assinaturas magnéticas e nas rochas ígneas básicas mapeadas em campo, o Azimute é compartimentado em três sistemas principais de lineamentos L1, L2 e L3, formados na mesma época, porém, afetados por dois ou três eventos tectono-magmáticos distintos. O primeiro evento ocorreu durante ciclos de orogêneses do Brasiliano (950 Ma a 520 Ma). O segundo aconteceu durante a fragmentação do Gondwana (cerca de 180 Ma). O terceiro está associado à passagem da Pluma de Trindade (90 Ma a 80 Ma), e pode ter sido fonte de injeção de magma apenas em determinadas partes do Az 125°. O Sistema L1 compreende os diques mais antigos, o Sistema L3 os mais jovens e o Sistema L2 com idade intermediária, ao longo do qual são destacadas anomalias magnéticas associadas às rochas intrusivas das províncias alcalinas de Goiás (PAGO) e Alto Paranaíba (PAAP). Os dados obtidos em campo suportam aqueles apresentados pela geofísica e caracterizam o Lineamento como um conjunto de diques formados por rochas gabróicas e diabásios que afloram pontualmente devido à ação de processos erosivos. Os dados aeromagnéticos também foram utilizados para estimar as profundidades Curie da área de estudo pelo método de aproximação espectral. A profundidade Curie é aquela na qual as rochas são afetadas pelo calor (temperatura Curie) a ponto de perderem suas propriedades magnéticas. Cerca de 500 pontos foram utilizados para estimar as profundidades Curie. A distribuição espacial dessas profundidades permitiu a geração de um mapa de superfície Curie. Esse mapa mostra um intervalo de profundidades que varia de 7 km a 40 km. As profundidades mais rasas estão relacionadas às regiões onde se localizam a PAGO e PAAP, e as mais profundas associam-se à Placa São Franciscana. As profundidades Curie relativas ao Az 125° estão entre 30 km e 16 km. Os resultados de profundidades Curie revelam que os corpos intrusivos da PAGO e da PAAP possuem base mais rasa do que a dos diques que formam o Lineamento. A contribuição deste estudo é a caracterização geofísica do Lineamento Az 125° pela determinação de uma cronologia dos eventos que caracteriza a estrutura segmentada do Az 125°, definida aqui como os sistemas L1, L2 e L3, com base em dados geofísicos e geológicos. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>The study area includes a portion of the Azimuth 125° lineament (Az 125°). This lineament is located in the Brazilian states of Goiás and Minas Gerais and consists of an extensive set of faults that are oriented in the NW-SE direction. The Az 125° feature is approximately 850 km long and 70 km wide. The formation of these faults probably occurred during the Brasiliano Orogenic Event (started at ca. 950 Ma) and they served as a conduit for magma ascent. The most important carbonatite and kimberlite complexes in Brazil are located along this lineament which is the main structural feature that is associated with these complexes. However, Az 125° is not mapped on geological maps at a regional scale as a continuous structural feature, because it is not consistently visible on the surface or in satellite images. Geological provinces with highly economically valuable mineralizations occur along Az 125°. These provinces make this area geologically important. The present study is a contribution to the advancement of knowledge of Az 125°, based on its relevant magnetic signature. This signature characterizes the lineament as a set of linear features with regional continuity in the subsurface, where it is highlighted by a magnetic susceptibility response that contrasts with the response that is exhibited by its host rocks. The azimuth is partitioned into three main systems (L1, L2, and L3) according to its magnetic signatures and mapped igneous rocks cronology. They were generated at the same time, but were affected by two or three distinct tectono-magmatic events. The first event occurred during the Brasiliano (950 Ma to 520 Ma). The second event occurred during the Gondwana fragmentation (starting circa 180 Ma). The third event is related to the tectonomagmatic activity of The Trindade plume (90 Ma to 80 Ma), and maybe it was source of magma injection only in certain portions of the Az 125°. The L1 system includes the older dikes, and the L3 system includes the youngest dikes; the L2 system which intersects L3, is therefore, of intermediate age. Magnetic anomalies that occur along Az 125° are associated with intrusive rocks from the Goiás and Alto Paranaíba alkaline provinces. The field data support the geophysical data and define the Az 125° lineament as a set of dikes of different ages. These dikes are formed by gabbroic rocks and diabase and can be observed in occasional outcrops that resulted from active erosion. Aeromagnetic data were also used to estimate the Curie depths of the study area by the spectral approach. Curie depths are those at where the bodies causing magnetic anomalies become non-magnetic properties above the Curie temperature of their minerals. These depths were evaluated for approximately 500 locations. The spatial determination of several Curie depths allowed the delineation of a Curie surface map. This map shows a range of depths from 7 km to 40 km deep in the study area. The shallower depths are related to the Goiás (GAP) and Alto Paranaíba (APAP) Alkaline Provinces regions, and the deeper to the São Franciscana Plate. The Curie depths related to the Az 125° are between 30 km and 15.7 km deep. According to the Curie depths results, the GAP and APAP intrusive bodies have shallower offsets when compared to the Az 125° major faults. An important contribution of this study concerns the geophysical characterization of the Az 125° lineament by the determination of a chronology of events that characterizes the segmented structure of the Az 125°, here defined as L-systems (L1, L2, and L3), based on both geological and geophysical data, and not yet reported in earlier studies.

Ce travail est dédié à la synthèse de composés polyazotés linéaires (N-N)2 et cycliques (N N)3, composés peu étudiés, pour des applications dans le domaine de la propulsion spatiale. La forte toxicité des hydrazines, utilisées actuellement dans les systèmes à biergols stockables et menacées par la réglementation REACH, impose aux industriels de les remplacer par de nouveaux ergols verts, aussi voire plus performants au niveau de la propulsion, mais surtout ne présentant aucun impact significatif sur la santé humaine et l’environnement. À ce jour, aucun candidat n’a été identifié pour remplacer les hydrazines spatiales. Cependant un candidat a été proposé par le CNES en raison de ses performances théoriques, il s'agit de ***. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de converger le plus possible vers la synthèse de cette cible. Il s’agit également d’étudier la stabilité des composés polyazotés synthétisés et d’étendre la compréhension de la chimie de l’azote. Les différentes voies de synthèse des précurseurs, les triazanes et les azimines, sont présentées ainsi que leur réactivité notamment l’oxydation des triazanes et la photochimie des azimines<br>Anglais This work is dedicated to the synthesis of linear (N-N)2 and cyclic (N N)3 polynitrogen compounds, not well studied, for applications in the field of space propulsion. The high toxicity of hydrazines, currently used in storable bipropellant systems and threatened by the REACH regulation, imposes industrial businesses to replace them by new green propellants, with high or better propulsion performances, but also with low impact towards human health and the environment.To this day, no candidate has been identified to replace space-use hydrazines. However, one candidate has been proposed by the French Space Agency CNES, due to the theorical performances, namely ***. The main objective of this thesis is to converge as much as possible to the synthesis of this target molecule. The aim is to study the stability of the polynitrogen compounds synthesized and to extend the understanding of the nitrogen chemistry. The different pathways for the synthesis of precursors, the triazanes and the azimines, are developed as well as their reactivity especially the oxidation of triazanes and the photochemistry of azimines

Orientador: Eric Edgar Maidla<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Campinas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T03:53:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SampaioJunior_JorgeHyginoBraga_M.pdf: 1591867 bytes, checksum: ff4840c1ff5f48ffb1a84e6cba280d5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989<br>Resumo: Um modelo geral de interação broca-formação foi desenvolvido para determinar a taxa de variação azimutal e a estimativa do ângulo de saída (lead angle) a ser utilizado na perfuração de um poço direcional. O modelo foi usado em um programa de computador e validado usando dados de 15 poços direcionais perfurados na área marítima da Bacia de Campos no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que as previsões das taxas de variação azimutal foram boas para a maioria das trajetórias. Devido à falta de informações geológicas apropriadas dos poços de correlação, são necessários dados de campo adicionais para posterior avaliação do modelo. Os resultados das determinações dos ângulos de saída mostraram que é possível em alguns casos, se evitar correções de direção através da determinação apropriada deste ângulo.<br>Abstract: A general rock-bit interaction model was developed to lead angle required while kicking off a directional well. The model was used by a computer program and was validated using the data of 15 directional wells drilled in the offshore Campos Basin area in Brazil. The results showed that the bit walk predictions were good for the most of the well trajectories. Due lo lack of the appropriate geological information on the history wells, additional field example are necessary to further validate the model. The results on the lead angle computations showed that it is possible sometimes to avoid direction corrections through the appropriate prediction of this angle.<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Engenharia de Petróleo

Les recherches menées au cours de cette thèse ont pour but de converger vers la synthèse de molécules énergétiques, possédant un squelette polyazoté, destinées à la propulsion spatiale ou militaire. En effet, les systèmes propulsifs utilisés à l’heure actuelle reposent sur des technologies, certes fiables, mais souffrant de limites de performance voire d’incompatibilité quant à la réglementation européenne REACH. Il devient nécessaire, pour que les lanceurs européens conservent leur première position mondiale dans le domaine de la mise en orbite de satellites publics ou privés, de se doter de nouveaux propergols plus performants. C’est ainsi que nous avons orienté ce travail vers la synthèse de composés appartenant à la famille des « HEDM » (High Energetic Density Material), composés possédant en rupture technologique avec les solutions actuelles, et dont le développement est attendu à l’horizon 2050. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, deux cibles d’intérêt ont été identifiés : l’anion pentazolate, molécule strictement azotée aromatique de formule N5-, et le cyclopentazane, molécule inédite à ce jour, de formule N5H5. Dans une première partie nous avons étudié la synthèse de la synthèse et l’étude de divers arylpentazoles, ainsi que des voies d’oxydation et de réduction de ces précurseurs menant à l’obtention de l’anion pentazolate Puis, dans un second temps nous nous sommes intéressés aux synthèses et aux études de stabilités de composés polyazotés de type triazane et azimine. Ces composés ont ensuite été utilisés à des réactions de cycloadditions [3+2] menant à la synthèse du cyclopentazane. Enfin, nous avons regardé les différents modes de complexation possible entre ces composés polyazotés et des complexes métalliques<br>The research carried during this PhD aims to synthesis new compounds with polynitrogen-backbone suitable for spacecraft or military propulsion. Indeed, the actual spacecraft uses a technology which is reliable, but with some limitation with their energetic efficiency and to satisfy the REACH regulation. It is necessary, for the Europeans launcher to stay at the first position in public or private satellites launch world wild, to find new and more efficient propellant. So, this work was focused on the synthesis of “HEDM” (High Energetic Density Material) compounds, which possess much higher propulsive features than the actual propellants. This could lead to a breakthrough in spacecraft propulsion in the next 30 years.For this PhD work two compounds of interest were identified: the pentazolate anion, which is an all nitrogen aromatic compound with a formula of N5-, and the cyclopentazan, which is an original polynitrogen compound with a formula of N5H5. First, we focused our work on the synthesis of various arylpentazoles followed by oxidative or reductive ways which lead to the pentazolate anion. Secondly, we synthesised and the studied the stability of polynitrogen-based compound, triazanes and azimines. Those compounds were then used in trials of cycloadditions which will lead to the cyclopentazan. Finally, we studied various way of complexing our polynitrogen-compound with various metallic complexes

Orientador: Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail<br>Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T07:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goulart_MarceloMagalhaes_M.pdf: 9682705 bytes, checksum: cef6e14e1c5be1d97e9dd8d289828945 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: A partir dos meados dos anos 90, com o surgimento da telefonia celular analógica e posteriormente digital, o número de usuários da telefonia celular aumenta vertiginosamente e em 2004 já supera no Brasil o número de telefones fixos, 54 milhões de celulares e 49 milhões de telefones fixos (Dados Teleco de Junho/2004). Este trabalho descreve de uma forma geral a proposta do desenvolvimento de um protótipo elétrico/eletrônico e mecânico de um sistema de monitoração e controle de inclinação (Tilt) e coordenação (Azimute) das antenas das estações rádio base da telefonia celular, facilitando-se desta forma enormemente a otimização da infra-estrutura já existente das operadoras de telefones portáteis. O estudo se baseia na utilização de microcontroladores para a realização de controle e monitoração dos sensores de inclinação e azimute instalados na simulação de uma estrutura de torre de uma estação rádio base (ERB)<br>Abstract: Starting from the middles of the nineties, with the appearance of the analogical mobile telephone and later digital, the number of users of the cellular mobile telephone increases vastly and in 2004 it already overcomes in Brazil the number of fixed telephones, 54 million of cellular mobile telephone and 49 million telephones fixed (Data from Teleco jun/2004).This work describe the proposal of the development of a prototype electric/electronic and mechanic of a monitoring and control system of inclination (Tilt) and coordination (Azimuth) of the antennas of the stations radio-base of the mobile telephone, being facilitated this way vastly the optimization of the infrastructure already existent of the operators of telephones mobile. The study if it bases on the microcontrollers use for accomplishment of control and monitoring of the sensor of inclination and azimuth installed in the simulation of a structure of tower of a station radio base (ERB)<br>Mestrado<br>Instrumentação e Controle Industrial<br>Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica

Orientador: Camil Gemael<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Terra<br>Resumo: Nesta dissertação é apresentado o método que utiliza integrais elípticas para a solução dos problemas principais geodésicos direto e inverso. Neste método as latitudes de pontos sobre a linha geodésica são transformadas nas quantidades v ou então w, as quais são funções da latitude e do azimute. Para a solução do problema direto é feita uma comparação dos resultados de integração com valores teóricos, o que permite o melhoramento iterativo velozmente convergente do limite superior V2 de integração, com o qual calculam-se as demais quantidades procuradas. Já a solução do problema inverso é obtida pela determinação iterativa da latitude máxima que fixa a linha geodésica. Com o objetivo de pormenorizar didaticamente os procedimentos do método, procurou-se omitir o mínimo possível as demonstrações, a fim de oferecer condições para demonstrar as integrais elípticas aplicadas a estes problemas. Como tais integrais não possuem solução analítica, ou seja, não podem ser expressas por funções elementares, é apresentada uma síntese dos métodos para a sua integração numérica. Os problemas direto e inverso são calculados para linhas de 1 m, 200 m, 500 m, 1 km, 10 km, 40 km, 80 km, 500 km e 1000 km e também as soluções obtidas pelos diferentes métodos de integração numérica utilizados são comparadas. A consistência do método é constatada pela discrepância apresentada entre as soluções direta e inversa bem como pelo cálculo recíproco do problema direto. Conclui-se o trabalho com recomendações a respeito do método mais adequado para cada comprimento de linha utilizado, no que diz respeito à simplicidade do uso e acurácia dos resultados.<br>Abstract: This dissertation aims to present the method that uses elliptical integrals to solve the main direct and indirect geodesic problems. In this method the points latitudes on the geodesic lines are transformed into the v or w quantities, which are functions of the latitude and azimuth. In order to solve the direct problem a comparison between the integration results and the theoretical values is made, which allows the fast convergent iterative improvement of the integration superior limit V2, with which other searched quantities are calculated. The indirect problem solution is given by iterative determination of the maximum latitude that fixes the geodesic line. Aiming to detail the method procedures, trying to omit the demonstrations as less as possible in order to offer conditions to demonstrate the elliptical integrals applied to these problems. As such integrals don’t have an analytical solution, i. e., they can’t be expressed by elementary functions, a synthesis of the methods is presented for its numerical integration. The direct and indirect problems are calculated for 1 m, 200 m, 500 m, 1 km, 10 km, 40 km, 80 km, 500 km e 1000 km lines and but also the solutions given by different methods of numerical integration used are compared. The method consistence is checked by the discrepancy presented between the direct and indirect solutions as well as by the reciprocal calculation of the direct problem. The work is concluded along with recommendations on the most adequate method for each line length used, regarding the utilization simplicity and results accuracy.

La pensée et la pratique politiques de Julius Kambarage Nyerere s'inscrivent dans l'effervescence des mouvements nationalistes qui ont préparé l'accession des pays africains a l'indépendance mais aussi s'apparentent aux thèses développementalistes en vogue au cours des deux premières décennies qui ont suivi les indépendances (uhuru). C'est ainsi qu'après avoir anime un mouvement culturel, la t. A. A. (tanganyika african association), après l'avoir transformé en parti politique, la TANU (tanganyika african national union) qui deviendra plus tard le CCM (chama cha mapinduzi), après ses différentes prises de position lors des célèbres "conférences d'accra" ou au sein du pafmeca (pan african freedom mouvement for east and central africa), nyerere a cru bon de "forger" une doctrine politique -l'ujamaa- qui rassemble, pèle mèle, ses convictions chrétiennes et fabiennes, ses inclinations socialistes et son attachement aux valeurs d'entraide et de convivialité de la société africaine traditionnelle. C'est pourquoi, loin de constituer un mythe, de tracer les contours d'une utopie ou d'entretenir un rêve, l'ujamaa est d'abord unequete d'identité et de dignité, un cheminement ad augusta per angusta a partir d'un recours aux us et coutumes ancestrales<br>Julius Kambarage nyerere's thought and political experience come within the stirrings of the nationalist movements which lead to the independence of african countries. It also pertains to the developmentalist theses that were fashionable during the two first decades that followed the independence (uhuru). Thus, after having led a cultural movement, the t. A. A (tanganyika african association), after having turned it into a political party, the tanu (tanganyika african national union)- that later was to become the ccm (chama mapinduzi)-, after his various stands at the well known "accra conferences" or within the pafmeca (pan african freedom movement for east and central africa), nyerere thought it good to build up a new doctrine -ujamaa- that gathers, higgledy-piggledy, his christian and fabian beliefs, his inclination and his attachment to values of mutual aid and conviviality of the traditional african society. This is why, far from being a myth, or giving the outlines of an utopia, or of keeping a dream alive, ujamaa is first a quest for identity and dignity, a progress ad augusta per angusta for ancient customs