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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „BDS“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 26. Juli 2025

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1

Congguang Yang and M. Ciesielski. "BDS: a BDD-based logic optimization system." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 21, no. 7 (2002): 866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2002.1013899.

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2

Jiao, Guoqiang, Shuli Song, Yulong Ge, Ke Su, and Yangyang Liu. "Assessment of BeiDou-3 and Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning Performance." Sensors 19, no. 11 (2019): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112496.

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With the launch of BDS-3 and Galileo new satellites, the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has developed from the regional to global system, and the Galileo constellation will consist of 26 satellites in space. Thus, BDS, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo all have the capability of global positioning services. It is meaningful to evaluate the ability of global precise point positioning (PPP) of the GPS, BDS, GLONASS, and Galileo. This paper mainly contributes to the assessment of BDS-2, BDS-2/BDS-3, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo PPP with the observations that were provided by the international Glob

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Gu, Shengfeng, Feiyu Mao, Xiaopeng Gong, Yidong Lou, Xueyong Xu, and Ye Zhou. "Evaluation of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellite Atomic Clock Products and Their Effects on Positioning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 24 (2021): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13245041.

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The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has completed third phase construction and currently provides global services, with a mixed constellation of BDS-2 and BDS-3. The newly launched BDS-3 satellites are equipped with rubidium and passive hydrogen maser (PHM) atomic clocks. The performance of atomic clocks is one of the cores of satellite navigation system, which will affect the performance of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT). In this paper, we systematically analyze the characteristics of BDS-2 and BDS-3 atomic clocks, based on more than one year of precise satellite clock prod

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4

Pan, Lin, Xuanping Li, Wenkun Yu, et al. "Performance Evaluation of Real-Time Precise Point Positioning with Both BDS-3 and BDS-2 Observations." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216027.

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For time-critical precise applications, one popular technology is the real-time precise point positioning (PPP). In recent years, there has been a rapid development in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the constellation of global BDS (BDS-3) has been fully deployed. In addition to the regional BDS (BDS-2) constellation, the real-time stream CLK93 has started to support the BDS-3 constellation, indicating that the real-time PPP processing involving BDS-3 observations is feasible. In this study, the global positioning performance of real-time PPP with BDS-3/BDS-2 observations is

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Wali, Aisha Wali, Kashif Ikram, Talha Siddiqui, et al. "Assessment Of Perceived Causes and Levels of Stress Amongst Clinical Dental Students and House Surgeons. A Cross-Sectional Study." ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE 26, no. 3 (2021): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i3.272.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to assess perceived causes and levels of stress amongst clinical dental students and house surgeons of Baqai Dental College. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2018 – December 2018 after getting ethical approval from ethical committee, Baqai Medical University and permission for data collection was approved from R&D department, Baqai Dental College. (BDC/ERB/2018/011) Dental students from third year, final year and house surgeons were included in the study (n= 250). A structured pre validated questionnaire DES questionnaire

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Wang, Ershen, Wei Song, Yize Zhang, et al. "Evaluation of BDS/GPS Multi-Frequency RTK Positioning Performance under Different Baseline Lengths." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (2022): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153561.

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The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is fully operational and provides positioning, navigation, and timing services to users worldwide. To comprehensively evaluate the BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) global real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning performance, five sets of IGS/MEGX stations with different baseline lengths are selected in this research, and the visibility of current BDS-3, BDS-2+BDS-3, and Global Positioning System (GPS) system satellites are analyzed. The single frequency, dual-frequency, and triple-frequency positioning accuracy as well as ambiguity fixing r

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Lei, Xiaoting, Huizhong Zhu, Jingfa Zhang, Jun Li, and Yangyang Lu. "On long-baseline relative positioning with BDS-2/BDS-3/GPS data." Journal of Global Positioning Systems 17, no. 2 (2021): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5081/jgps.17.2.135.

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BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) reached the global coverage in June 2020. To study the performance of the precise relative positioning using the BDS-3 alone and the improvement due to adding BDS-3 satellites to BDS-2 and GPS, this paper analysed the data of 033-039d provided by the MGEX in 2021. The fusion of BDS-2, BDS-3 and GPS data was conducted for static and dynamic high-precision long-baseline solution experiments. The influence of the individual BDS-2 / BDS-3 / GPS and by adding BDS-3 satellites to BDS-2 and GPS on precise relative positioning convergence speed and pos

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Jiao, Guoqiang, Shuli Song, Qinming Chen, et al. "Modeling and Analysis of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Combined Precise Time and Frequency Transfer Considering Stochastic Models of Inter-System Bias." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040793.

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BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS) began to provide positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to global users officially on 31 July, 2020. BDS constellations consist of regional (BDS-2) and global navigation satellites (BDS-3). Due to the difference of modulations and characteristics for the BDS-2 and BDS-3 default civil service signals (B1I/B3I) and the increase of new signals (B1C/B2a) for BDS-3, a systemically bias exists in the receiver-end when receiving and processing BDS-2 and BDS-3 signals, which leads to the inter-system bias (ISB) between BDS-2 and BDS-3 on the

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Zhao, Xinglong, Shanshi Zhou, Jianfeng Cao, Junjun Yuan, Ziqian Wu, and Xiaogong Hu. "Research on the Impact of BDS-2/3 Receiver ISB on LEO Satellite POD." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (2022): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112514.

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In recent years, the multi-GNSS positioning application is becoming more and more popular, same to the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite precise orbit determination (POD) based on the onboard multi-GNSS measurements. The third-generation Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS-3) provides a new option to obtain the LEO satellite orbit solutions. However, the receiver intersystem bias (ISB) of different GNSS is unavoidable in multi-GNSS data processing. This paper’s main goal is absorption of the impact of the ISB between BDS-3 and BDS-2 on the LEO satellite POD. Taking GPS-based POD solutions fo

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Elman and Romirowsky. "Postscript: BDS." Israel Studies 24, no. 2 (2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.24.2.18.

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11

Dai, Peipei, Yulong Ge, Weijin Qin, and Xuhai Yang. "BDS-3 Time Group Delay and Its Effect on Standard Point Positioning." Remote Sensing 11, no. 15 (2019): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151819.

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The development of the BeiDou navigation system (BDS) is divided into three phases: The demonstration system (BDS-1), the regional system (BDS-2) and the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3). At present, the construction of the global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3) constellation network is progressing very smoothly. The signal design and functionality of BDS-3 are different from those of BDS-1 and BDS-2. The BDS-3 satellite not only broadcasts B1I (1561.098 MHz) and B3I (1268.52 MHz) signals but also broadcasts new signals B1C (1575.42 MHz) and B2a (1176.45 MHz). In this work, six trackin

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Wang, Jin, Yuan, Hu, Chen, and Guo. "Estimation and Analysis of BDS-3 Differential Code Biases from MGEX Observations." Remote Sensing 12, no. 1 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010068.

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The third generation of China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) began to provide global services on 27 December, 2018. Differential code bias (DCB) is one of the errors in precise BDS positioning and ionospheric modeling, but the impacts on BDS-2 satellites and receiver DCB are unknown after joining BDS-3 observations. In this paper, the BDS-3 DCBs are estimated and analyzed using the Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Experiment (MGEX) observations during the period of day of year (DOY) 002–031, 2019. The results indicate that the estimated BDS-3 DCBs have a good agree

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Zhu, Huizhong, Jingfa Zhang, Jun Li, Qi Xu, YangYang Lu, and Aigong Xu. "Performance Analysis of BDS-2, BDS-3 and GPS in Relative Positioning through Short, Medium and Long Baselines." Journal of Global Positioning Systems 17, no. 1 (2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5081/jgps.17.1.65.

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BDS-3 (Beidou System 3) reached global coverage in June 2020. In comparison with BDS-2(Beidou system 2), BDS-3 has greatly improved in terms of satellite orbits, atomic clocks and signal transmissions. BDS-3 is now being used widely in practice. This paper is focused on performance analysis of BDS-3 vs.BDS-2 and GPS. Six baselines of different lengths were selected to result in single-system multi-frequency relative positioning solutions from BDS-2, BDS-3 and GPS, respectively. The long baselines were resolved by using the random walk constraints on the residual atmospheric delay. The position

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Hu, Chao, and Zhongyuan Wang. "Improved Strategies for BeiDou Ultrarapid Satellites’ Clock Bias Prediction Using BDS-2 and BDS-3 Integrated Processing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (April 16, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1804621.

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GNSS ultrarapid clock biases are key inputs of rapid high-accuracy applications, especially for its prediction parts. With the fast development of the BeiDou system (BDS), the system performances are mainly represented by orbit and clock products. However, it is suggested that the BDS-predicted clock biases cannot meet the requirement of real-time or near real-time services. In this research, the BDS satellite-predicted ultrarapid clock bias products are optimized with three methods, namely, one-step strategy, intersatellite correlation, and variogram model, using the combined estimation of BD

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Su, Xiaoning, Guojie Meng, Haili Sun, and Weiwei Wu. "Positioning Performance of BDS Observation of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China and Its Potential Application on Crustal Deformation." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103353.

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The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) has begun receiving BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) observations since 2015, and accumulated more than 2.5 years of data. BDS observations has been widely applied in many fields, and long-term continuous data provide a new strategy for the study of crustal deformation in China. This paper focuses on the evaluation of BDS positioning performance and its potential application on crustal deformation in CMONOC. According to the comparative analysis on multipath delay (MPD) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) between BDS and GPS data,

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Qi, Ke, Yamin Dang, Changhui Xu, and Shouzhou Gu. "Performance Analysis of BDS-3 FCB Estimated by Reference Station Networks over a Long Time." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (2022): 3610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193610.

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The stability and validity of the BDS-3 precise point positioning ambiguity solution (PPP-AR) is becoming more and more important along with the development of BDS-3 orbit and clock products over long durations. Satellite phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) are key in PPP-AR, so it is important to ensure the validity and stability of FCBs over a long duration. In this study, we analyzed the validity and stability of BDS-3 phase FCBs by estimating them. The BDS-3 FCB experiments showed that BDS-3 FCBs have the same stability as GPS/GAL/BDS-2. BDS-3 widelane (WL) FCBs also have stable character

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Chen, C., Y. Chen, C. Jiang, et al. "THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BDS POSITIONING IN NORDIC AREAS BASED ON THE SMARTPHONE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-3/W1-2022 (April 22, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-3-w1-2022-21-2022.

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Abstract. Nowadays, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used in many applications. As a new system, China's BeiDou navigation system (BDS) is emerging in recent years. The last satellite of the third generation global BeiDou navigation system (BDS-3) has been successfully launched on June 23 in 2020, which means that BDS can offer navigation services worldwide. We evaluate the quality of BDS signals and analyze the performance of BDS positioning based on the smartphone in Espoo, Finland. The static and kinematic experiments were implemented in the parking lot of the Finish

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Deng, Ken, Peiyuan Zhou, Lan Du, Zhongkai Zhang, and Zejun Liu. "Low-Cost BDS Reflectometry for Real-Time Water Surface Retrieval." Remote Sensing 15, no. 12 (2023): 3073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15123073.

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The official launch of the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System with global coverage (BDS-3) presents significant opportunities for various applications, including precision agriculture and autonomous driving, among others. With its global spatial coverage and hybrid space constellation comprising geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO), and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, BDS can significantly contribute to various GNSS remote sensing applications that require real-time, precise water surface height measurements with high temporal and spatial resoluti

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Tian, Yijun, Guorui Xiao, Rui Guo, et al. "A Comprehensive Signal Quality Assessment for BDS/Galileo/GPS Satellites and Signals." Remote Sensing 16, no. 13 (2024): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132277.

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With the modernization of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), especially the rapid development of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), more observations of satellites and signals have become available. Using data of the globally distributed MGEX stations, a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of signal characteristics for BDS−3, BDS−2, GPS, and Galileo is conducted in terms of carrier−to−noise ratio (C/N0), code noise, and multipath in the contribution. First, a comprehensive signal quality assessment method for BDS/Galileo/GPS satellites and signals is proposed, including

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Zhao, Wen, Hua Chen, Yang Gao, Weiping Jiang, and Xuexi Liu. "Evaluation of Inter-System Bias between BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellites and Its Impact on Precise Point Positioning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (2020): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142185.

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The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) currently has 41 satellites in orbits and will reach its full constellation following the launch of the last BDS satellite in June 2020 to provide navigation, positioning, and timing (PNT) services for global users. In this contribution, we investigate the characteristics of inter-system bias (ISB) between BDS-2 and BDS-3 and verify whether an additional ISB parameter should be introduced for the BDS-2 and BDS-3 precise point positioning (PPP). The results reveal that because of different clock references applied for BDS-2 and BDS-3 in the Internati

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Jiao, Guoqiang, Shuli Song, Yangyang Liu, Ke Su, Na Cheng, and Shengli Wang. "Analysis and Assessment of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Broadcast Ephemeris: Accuracy, the Datum of Broadcast Clocks and Its Impact on Single Point Positioning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 13 (2020): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12132081.

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For the global ordinary users, the broadcast ephemeris plays important roles in positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services. With the construction of a new generation of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), the development of BDS has entered the era of globalization. It is meaningful for global users to analyze and assess the BDS-2 and BDS-3 broadcast ephemeris. Therefore, the satellite orbits and clock offsets calculated by broadcast ephemeris are compared with the precise orbit and clock offset products provided by three analysis centers (i.e., Helmholtz Centre Potsdam German

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Zhang, Wenjie, Hongzhen Yang, Chen He, et al. "Initial Performance Evaluation of Precise Point Positioning with Triple-Frequency Observations from BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellites." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 4 (2020): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000754.

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This paper presents an investigation of the precise point positioning (PPP) performance of a combined solution from BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. To simultaneously process different BDS signal observations, i.e., B1/B1C, B2/B2a and B3C, undifferenced and uncombined observations with ionosphere delay constrained by the deterministic plus stochastic ionosphere model are used in the basic model. Special attention is paid to code bias and receiver clock parameters in the derivation of the observation model. The analysis is carried out using more than one-month data for BDS-2 and BDS-3 collected at t

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Wang, Ershen, Tao Yang, Zhi Wang, et al. "Performance Evaluation of Precise Point Positioning for BeiDou-3 B1c/B2a Signals in the Global Range." Sensors 21, no. 17 (2021): 5780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175780.

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With the construction and development of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), the precise point positioning (PPP) performance of the BDS is worthy of research. In this study, observational data from 17 stations around the world across 20 days are used to comprehensively evaluate the PPP performance of BDS B1c/B2a signals. For greater understanding, the results are also compared with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and BDS PPP performance of different signals and system combinations. The evaluation found root mean square (RMS) values of the static PPP in the north (N), east (E), an

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Zhou, Mingduan, Xu Ji, Muyuan Zhang, Ye Tian, and Leyi Shang. "Accuracy Analysis of Timing Comparison for BDS-3 and GPS Based on Satellite Common View Algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2410, no. 1 (2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2410/1/012017.

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Abstract With the networking completion of the Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS-3), the BDS-3 system was opened in the whole world on July 31, 2020. It is important practical significance to analyze the performance of the BDS-3 system and the GPS in terms of satellite common view timing comparison. In order to analyze the accuracy of timing comparison for BDS-3/GPS global navigation satellite system common view time, the comparison experimental of BDS-3/GPS with medium and long baseline is carried out based on satellite common view algorithm by using the National Metrology benchmark sys

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Geng, Tao, Rui Jiang, Yifei Lv, and Xin Xie. "Analysis of BDS-3 Onboard Clocks Based on GFZ Precise Clock Products." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (2022): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061389.

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The characteristics and performance of satellite clocks are important to the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users. Although China’s BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) has been fully operational for more than one year, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the onboard clocks of the entire BDS-3 constellation. In this study, the precise clock products of GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) from day-of-year (DOY) 1, 2021 to DOY 300, 2021 were used to analyze the characteristics and performance of BDS-3 onboard clocks f

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Jin, S. G., R. Jin, and D. Li. "Assessment of BeiDou differential code bias variations from multi-GNSS network observations." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 2 (2016): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-259-2016.

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Abstract. The differential code bias (DCB) of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) affects precise ionospheric modeling and applications. In this paper, daily DCBs of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) are estimated and investigated from 2-year multi-GNSS network observations (2013–2014) based on global ionospheric maps (GIMs) from the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), which are compared with Global Positioning System (GPS) results. The DCB of BDS satellites is a little less stable than GPS solutions, especially for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites. Th

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Luo, Xiaomin, Yidong Lou, Shengfeng Gu, and Weiwei Song. "A Strategy to Mitigate the Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on BDS Precise Point Positioning: Cycle-Slip Threshold Model." Remote Sensing 11, no. 21 (2019): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11212551.

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Because of the special design of BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) constellation, the effects of ionospheric scintillation on operational BDS generally are more serious than on the global positioning system (GPS). As BDS is currently providing global services, it is increasingly important to seek strategies to mitigate the scintillation effects on BDS navigation and positioning services. In this study, an improved cycle-slip threshold model is proposed to decrease the high false-alarm rate of cycle-slips under scintillation conditions, thus avoiding the frequent unnecessary ambiguity re

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Yang, Fuxin, Chuanlei Zheng, Jie Zhang, Zhiguo Sun, Liang Li, and Lin Zhao. "The Initial Performance Evaluation of Mixed Multi-Frequency Undifferenced and Uncombined BDS-2/3 Precise Point Positioning under Urban Environmental Conditions." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (2022): 5525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215525.

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With the full operation of the global BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3), positioning performance can be further enhanced by BDS-3 combined with the regional BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-2). However, due to satellite signals being out of lock and the limited visibility of satellites, the traditional multi-frequency BDS-2/3 precise point positioning (PPP) model is unable to maintain great positioning performance under urban environmental conditions. In this study, a mixed multi-frequency undifferenced and uncombined (UDUC) BDS-2/3 PPP model is presented to improve the positio

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Chen, Liang, Min Li, Ying Zhao, Fu Zheng, Xuejun Zhang, and Chuang Shi. "Clustering Code Biases between BDS-2 and BDS-3 Satellites and Effects on Joint Solution." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010015.

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China’s BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has finished global constellation construction and can achieve joint solution, simultaneously relying on the B1I + B3I signals of the BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. For reasons mostly related to chip shape distortions, navigation satellite observations are corrupted by receiver-dependent code biases. Those biases are brought into observation residuals and degrade the pseudorange correction accuracy. Herein, we present a code bias estimation algorithm, using what we found to be an obvious clustering code bias phenomenon between the BDS-2 and BDS-3 s

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Gao, Hui, Baoxin Jia, Guochuan Wang, Tong Zhang, Pei Dang, and Donglin Wang. "Structural Health Monitoring in Long-Span Steel Structures Based on the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135959.

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The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) provides precise positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services in the Asia-Pacific Region, but the BDS-based structural health monitoring (SHM) approach (SHM) is rarely studied, especially in civil engineering. Moreover, how BDS can be applied to complete the tasks of SHM in a real project is also not fully investigated, especially working in conjunction with other techniques. This study aims to propose a BDS-based approach for SHM in civil engineering. The performance of the proposed approach is investigated through a case study—the Tianhan Gr

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Zhang, Zhetao, Ping Zeng, Yuanlan Wen, Lina He, and Xiufeng He. "Comprehensive Assessment of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Precise Orbits Based on B1I/B3I and B1C/B2a Frequencies from iGMAS." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (2023): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030582.

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The BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS), including the second generation (BDS-2) and the third generation (BDS-3), has been widely used in areas of positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT). One of the essential prerequisites for accurate PNT service is the precise satellite orbits of multi-frequency and multi-constellation BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. As usual, the precise orbit products can be obtained from analysis centers (ACs) of the international GNSS Service (IGS). The precise orbits can also be downloaded from the international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS).

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Qu, Ziyang, Jing Guo, and Qile Zhao. "Phase Center Corrections for BDS IGSO and MEO Satellites in IGb14 and IGSR3 Frame." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040745.

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As pre-launch antenna calibrations are not available for GPS and GLONASS satellites, the high correlation between the terrestrial scale and phase center offset (PCO) prevents a reliable estimation of the terrestrial scale with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology. Fortunately, the ground calibrated PCO values for Galileo, BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), and QZSS have been released, making a reliable estimation of the terrestrial scale with GNSS possible. In the third reprocess (repro3) of International GNSS Service (IGS), the terrestrial scale derived with Galileo, ha

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Qing, Yun, Jian Lin, Yang Liu, Xiaolei Dai, Yidong Lou, and Shengfeng Gu. "Precise Orbit Determination of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) Using Onboard GPS and BDS Observations." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (2020): 3234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193234.

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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) occultation receiver onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) can provide dual-frequency observations for both GPS and BDS-2 satellites. In this study, the data quality and orbit determination performance of the CSES are assessed. Severe data loss of about 30% is observed in GPS P2/L2 data, resulting in only 11% of epochs possessing six to eight useful GPS satellites. Due to fewer channels being allocated for BDS signals, less than 5% of epochs have more than three useful BDS satellites. Precise orbit determination (POD) of CSES is

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Zhang, Pengfei, Rui Tu, Linlin Tao, Bing Wang, Yuping Gao, and Xiaochun Lu. "Preliminary Analysis of Intersystem Biases in BDS-2/BDS-3 Precise Time and Frequency Transfer." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (2022): 4594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184594.

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The Chinese BeiDou global satellite system (BDS-3) and regional system (BDS-2) are predicted to coexist over the next decade. Intersystem biases (ISBs) in BDS-2/BDS-3 play a key role in maintaining the consistency and continuity from the BDS-2 to BDS-3 time transfer. Here, we discuss the temporal characteristics, parameter composition, generation mechanism, and the effect of ISBs in BDS-2/BDS-3 on time and frequency transfer. The satellite orbits and clock products from three international GNSS service analysis centers, namely Wuhan University (WUM, China), GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ, G

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Zunes, Stephen. "Reflections on BDS." Tikkun 33, no. 4 (2018): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08879982-7199343.

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Lopes Lamim de Almeida, Maria Luiza, and Alyssa Ribeiro Perpeto Trotte. "internacionalização do BDS." Revista de Iniciação Científica em Relações Internacionais 9, no. 17 (2021): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2318-9452.2021v9n17.59065.

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O presente artigo se dispõe a discorrer sobre o movimento Boicote Desenvolvimento e Sanções (BDS) no contexto do conflito israelo-palestino, enquanto uma tática de Resistência Não-Violenta que visa responder as violações territoriais e de Direitos Humanos perpetuadas pelo Estado de Israel. A partir de uma análise comparada dos casos palestino e sul-africano, pretende-se apontar familiaridades e disparidades no processo de internacionalização do BDS, para posteriormente promover uma investigação acerca do papel do movimento e da sociedade internacional no desbloqueio das negociações, tendo em v

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Luo, Wen-ya, Zhi-dong Bai, Jiang Hu, and Chen Wang. "Revised BDS test." Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities 39, no. 4 (2024): 721–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11766-024-4932-8.

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Middleton, M., A. L. Harris, H. Kurwa, P. Millard, K. Hollowood, and O. Cassell. "BDS Melanoma Guidelines." British Journal of Dermatology 148, no. 5 (2003): 1081–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05349.x.

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Li, Xinyue, Deyue Zou, Yangzhen Zhao, Xingzhong Liu, and Qiang Chen. "Design of the NCI Signal for BeiDou System Based on CCSK." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 16, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4055744.

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Currently, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been a mature satellite navigation system. However, the transmission rate of the navigation signal is low. A novel Navigation and Communication Integrated (NCI) signal had been proposed in our previous work, its transmission rate was improved compared with the traditional navigation signal. In addition, an optimization algorithm was proposed to avoid cross-correlation interference between the navigation signal and the communication signal. Based on the above theoretical system, this paper gives a specific design for the BDS. The communica

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Chartock, Andrea. "Is small still relevant? BDS is dead; long live BDS!" Small Enterprise Development 17, no. 1 (2006): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.2006.003.

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Sospeter, Nyamagere G., and Mariam I. Nchimbi. "Insights on Impact of Business Development Services on Growth of Women Owned Enterprises in Tanzania." Journal of Management and Strategy 9, no. 1 (2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v9n1p82.

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This paper presents findings of the study that aimed at assessing the impact of business service providers (BDS) on growth of women owned MSMEs in Tanzania. Based on interviews conducted to five BDS providers and women owned micro and small enterprises (MSMEs) it was revealed that most women entrepreneurs were not aware of the existence of BDS providers and their services. For those who had used BDS, they were generally satisfied with their benefits and they continue using the services. Furthermore, the findings show that BDS assisted entrepreneurs in formalizing their businesses, increased bu

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Aprilla, Andi Dala, and Rafidah Rafidah. "ANALISIS KUALITAS UDARA DI KAWASAN PARKIR TRANS STUDIO MAKASSAR." Sulolipu: Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika dan Masyarakat 19, no. 2 (2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.32382/sulolipu.v19i2.1205.

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ABSTRACT Air pollution causes changes in the composition of air from its normal state. One of the triggers for air pollution such as Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). The presence of CO and SO2 in basements with a certain amount and being in a long time will disrupt human health. The objective of the research is to determine the air quality at Makassar Trans Studio. The design of the research is observational research using descriptive approach through measuring levels of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide using Odalog 7000. The result of the research shows that on weekdays the le

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Wang, Chen, Zhang, Meng, and Wang. "Performance of Selected Ionospheric Models in Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System Single-Frequency Positioning over China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (2019): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172070.

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Ionospheric delay as the major error source needs to be properly handled in multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) single-frequency positioning and the different ionospheric models exhibit apparent performance difference. In this study, two single-frequency positioning solutions with different ionospheric corrections are utilized to comprehensively analyze the ionospheric delay effects on multi-frequency and multi-constellation positioning performance, including standard point positioning (SPP) and ionosphere-constrained precise point positioning (PPP). The four ionospheric models stu

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Ma, Chun, Shuguo Pan, Wang Gao, Fei Ye, Liwei Liu, and Hao Wang. "Improving GNSS/INS Tightly Coupled Positioning by Using BDS-3 Four-Frequency Observations in Urban Environments." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030615.

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Vehicular positioning in urban environments has become a research hotspot in recent years, and global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system (GNSS/INS) tightly coupled positioning is a commonly used method. With the broadcast of BDS-3 and Galileo four-frequency signals, the multi-frequency and multi-system tightly coupled positioning method provides more possibilities for vehicular positioning in urban environments. At present, most of the studies on multi-frequency and multi-system mainly focus on static or baseline solutions, and there are few studies on the urban dynamic env

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Zhang, Runzhi, Zaimin He, Langming Ma, et al. "Analysis of BDS-3 PPP-B2b Positioning and Time Transfer Service." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (2022): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122769.

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With the completion of the BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3), the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space Interface Control Document Precise Point Positioning Service Signal PPP-B2b (Version 1.0) was officially announced, and BDS-3 officially broadcast PPP-B2b correction to broadcast ephemeris through geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites to provide precise point positioning services for users in the Asia–Pacific region. This study comprehensively analyzes the application of the PPP-B2b product to time transfer and positioning. On a daily basis, the PPP-B2b posi

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Wang, Pengxu, Hui Liu, Zhixin Yang, Bao Shu, Xintong Xu, and Guigen Nie. "Evaluation of Network RTK Positioning Performance Based on BDS-3 New Signal System." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010002.

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The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has been deployed and provides positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services for users all over the world. On the basis of BDS-2 system signals, BDS-3 adds B1C, B2a, B2b, and other signals to realize compatibility and interoperability with other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Network real-time kinematic (RTK) technology is an important real-time regional high-precision GNSS positioning technology. Combined with the network RTK high-precision service platform software developed by the author’s research group and the measured data

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Li, Xiaojie, Xiaogong Hu, Rui Guo, et al. "Orbit and Positioning Accuracy for New Generation Beidou Satellites during the Earth Eclipsing Period." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 5 (2018): 1069–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000103.

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The Beidou System (BDS) started functioning at the end of 2012. The Yaw-Steering (YS) attitude mode for Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites in BDS ensures that the solar panels face the Sun. The orbit radial accuracies for IGSO/MEO satellites are 0·5 m and the User Equivalent Range Errors (UERE) are 1·5 m in YS mode. BDS-2 satellites adopt Orbit-Normal (ON) mode to meet the power supply and thermal control requirements of the satellite during deep Earth eclipse periods. In ON mode, long-term orbit ephemeris accuracy monitoring in the Operational Control

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Yang, Honglei, Tianhe Xu, Wenfeng Nie, Fan Gao, and Meiqian Guan. "Precise Orbit Determination of BDS-2 and BDS-3 Using SLR." Remote Sensing 11, no. 23 (2019): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11232735.

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The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) of China is currently in the hybrid-use period of BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites. All of them are equipped with Laser Retroreflect Arrays (LRAs) for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), which can directly obtain an independent, sub-centimetre level of distance measurement. The main purpose of this contribution is to use the solely SLR Normal Points (NPs) data to determinate the precise orbit of BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites, including one Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), three Inclined Geo-Synchronous Orbits (ISGO), and one Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) of BDS-2 sate

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Liu, Pin, Sooyeon Jo, and Bruce P. Bean. "Modulation of neuronal sodium channels by the sea anemone peptide BDS-I." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 11 (2012): 3155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00785.2011.

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Blood-depressing substance I (BDS-I), a 43 amino-acid peptide from sea anemone venom, is used as a specific inhibitor of Kv3-family potassium channels. We found that BDS-I acts with even higher potency to modulate specific types of voltage-dependent sodium channels. In rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, 3 μM BDS-I strongly enhanced tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium current but weakly inhibited TTX-resistant sodium current. In rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, which express only TTX-sensitive sodium current, BDS-I enhanced current elicited by small depolarizations and slowed

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Wang, Qisheng, Shuanggen Jin, and Youjian Hu. "Epoch-by-epoch estimation and analysis of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) receiver differential code biases with the additional BDS-3 observations." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 5 (2020): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1115-2020.

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Abstract. The differential code bias (DCB) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is an important error source in ionospheric modeling, which was generally estimated as constants every day. However, the receiver DCB may be changing due to the varying spatial environments and temperatures. In this paper, a method based on the global ionospheric map (GIM) of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) is presented to estimate the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) receiver DCB with epoch-by-epoch estimates. The BDS receiver DCBs are analyzed from 30 d of Multi-GNSS Experi

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