Thematische Bibliographien / Body modification

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Body modification“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. März 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Body modification"

Aryan, Asbed. „Body modification“. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 87, Nr. 3 (Juni 2006): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1516/2901-hj00-3c84-8mu9.

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Wheeler, Robert. „Body modification“. Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 101, Nr. 5 (Juli 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsbull.2019.204.

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MYERS, JAMES. „NONMAINSTREAM BODY MODIFICATION“. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 21, Nr. 3 (Oktober 1992): 267–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124192021003001.

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Kasten, Erich, Sandra Cebula, Katharina Von Falkenhayn und Nina Zeiler. „Body-Modification als Therapie“. körper – tanz – bewegung 5, Nr. 1 (19.12.2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2378/ktb2017.art02d.

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FEATHERSTONE, MIKE. „Body Modification: An Introduction“. Body & Society 5, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x99005002001.

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Glans, M., S. Bejerot und J. Dossou Nilsson. „Tattooing and piercing are associated with symptoms of ADHD: A cross-sectional study of non-clinical adults“. European Psychiatry 65, S1 (Juni 2022): S84—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.255.

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Introduction Previous studies suggest that individuals with tattoos and piercings exhibit higher impulsive personality traits compared to peers without body modifications. No studies on body modifications and core-symptoms of ADHD are available. Objectives This study aimed to compare self-reported ADHD symptoms between non-clinical adults with and without body modifications. Methods A non-clinical adult Swedish population (n=815) completed the Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-v1.1) and answered questions concerning body modification. ADHD diagnosis served as exclusion criterion. Three grouping variables were analysed separately; tattoo status, piercing status and a combination of having both tattoo and piercing. Linear regression compared mean ASRS total- and subscale scores between individuals with and without body modification according to each grouping variable, while adjusting for candidate covariates age and sex. Results The prevalence of each body modification variable was; 30% for tattoo, 18% for piercing other than earlobe and 12% for combination of tattoo and piercing. Any combination of body modification was associated with significantly higher ASRS total- and subscale scores compared to no body modification. The most pronounced differences between groups were for the combination of tattoo and piercing, and on the hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) subscale; revealing adjusted mean differences of 4.3 points (range 0-72) on the ASRS-total score (p <0.001) and 2.6 points (range 0-36) on the ASRS HI subscale (p <0.001). Conclusions Body modification was associated with more pronounced ADHD core symptoms amongst non-clinical adults. Although statistically significant, the clinical significance is uncertain. The prevalence rates of body modifications in our cohort indicate that they are becoming cultural normal. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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김지연. „Study on body decoration of body modification“. Journal of Korea Design Knowledge ll, Nr. 4 (Mai 2007): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17246/jkdk.2007..4.004.

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Tranter, Bruce, und Ruby Grant. „A class act? Social background and body modifications in Australia“. Journal of Sociology 54, Nr. 3 (29.01.2018): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318755017.

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Are we witnessing the democratisation of body modification in Australia? The prevalence and social background of body modifications is examined using national and state-level survey data from Australia. We find body modifications to be more prevalent among younger, less educated, working-class, non-conservative Australians. Women are far more likely than men are to have body piercings, although in Queensland, young women are more likely than young men to be tattooed. Important life events such as pregnancy, separating from a long-term partner or experiencing violence are also associated with body modifications. While body modifications may be on the rise, social factors still influence the uptake of body modification practices in Australia, suggesting these are socially circumscribed taste-based practices, and should not yet be described as normative.

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Rodriguez Cano, Cynthia, und Doreen Sams. „Body modifications and young adults: Predictors of intentions to engage in future body modification“. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 17, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2009.10.002.

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Sarajlic, Eldar. „Children, Culture, and Body Modification“. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 30, Nr. 2 (2020): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ken.2020.0005.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Body modification"

Lodder, Matthew C. „Body Art : Body Modification as Artistic Practice“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525734.

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This thesis is an investigation into the legitimacy and limits of the term "body art" in its vernacular sense, wherein it refers to methods of decorating or ornamenting the body, such as tattooing or piercing. Though the term is widely used and widely understood, it has rarely appeared in any writing which takes an explicitly arthistorical or art-critical approach, and has never been subjected to any sustained analysis which uses the methodologies deployed by specialists when engaging with other forms of art. If tattooing and its coincident technologies are "body art", they have not as yet been understood as such by art historians. The arguments made over the course of this work thus amount to a case for the applicability of art-historical and art-theoretical methodologies to body modification practice. The thesis first establishes the existence of a rhetorical yet broadly undefended case for the artistic status of practices which alter the form of the body. This claim is to be found amongst both the contemporary subcultural body modification community and amongst plastic surgeons. With particular reference to theories of art and aesthetics by John Dewey, Richard Shusterman, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, the work investigates whether such claims are tenable. In light of these investigations, the thesis then presents a number of problems which immediately arise from such a claim - problems of authorship, ownership, objectivity and value - and attempts to resolve them through detailed analysis of a number of case-studies.

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Sweetman, Paul Jon. „Marking the body : identity and identification in contemporary body modification“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299407.

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Stilwell, Natasha. „The sense and sensation of body modification practice“. Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514386.

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LEHMAN, REBECCA L. „A Content Analysis of On-Line Information on Body Piercing and Body Modification“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1218228935.

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Lehman, Rebecca L. „A Content analysis of on-line information on body oiercing and body modification“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1218228935.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: Keith King Dr. (Committee Chair), Amy Bernard Dr. (Committee Member) Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 3, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: body piercing; body modification; on-line; content analysis; aftercare Includes bibliographical references.

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Adams, Joshua R. „Transient bodies, pliable flesh culture, stratification, and body modification /“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181666499.

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Hutter-Thomas, Stephanie. „Sociocultural Evolution| An Examination of Unorthodox Elective Body Modification“. Thesis, Capella University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10601203.

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Body modification practices have become notably prevalent in the western world creating a need to re-evaluate the motivational factors that drive an individual to these practices and redefine how they are categorized in the psychology profession. Exploring the relationship between life events, age, gender, religiosity, personality type, and how these factors relate to the motivation to engage in various levels of body modification appears to be an approach less prevalent in the current literature. The goal of this study was to answer the main research question: Do the variables age, gender, life events, religiosity, and personality type collectively predict level of self-reported body modification? This study was non-experimental, utilizing self-report assessments to collect necessary data. Participants completed the assessments in person while attending a conference specifically for body art professionals. Data was analyzed quantitatively with IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23 software package using a multiple regression analysis. The variables age, gender, and spirituality were omitted from the regression analysis due to smaller than desired sample size. Personality type and life events served as the predictor variables with dimensions of body modification serving as the outcome variable with three categories: dimension of tattoos, quantity of piercings and quantity of extreme modifications defined as surgical procedures done outside of a medical setting by someone outside of the medical profession. Results indicated no correlation between the variables with the exception of quantity of extreme modifications and life events, which resulted in a statistically significant relationship. Suggestions for future study include replicating this study using a similar population but with a larger sample size to provide results that can be generalized across the body modification community.

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Tazzyman, Abigail. „Fitting in : young British women's reported experiences of body modification“. Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8282/.

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This thesis investigates female cultures of body modification in contemporary Britain. I begin from the premise that women in current UK society are concerned about their appearance and subjected to significant media pressures to engage in body modification. By body modification I mean the methods which women use in order to alter their physical body and appearance. All methods (invasive or non-invasive; self-administered or other-administered; permanent or temporary) are considered, provided the intention of their use is primarily to alter the user’s physical appearance. Based on qualitative life-history interviews with thirty university-educated British women aged between eighteen and twenty-five my research investigates the choices of, motives for, influences on and relationships of women to their practices of body modification. The analysis chapters of this thesis deal with three key stages in my participants’ development during which body modification emerged as important. These are the point when my participants went to school, their years at university and their entry into the world of work. The analysis chapters focus on these three stages. The first one explores participants’ initial engagement with and experience of body modification during the school years. The second centres on their use of body modification while at university, and the final analysis chapter explores their engagement with these practices in the world of work. I also discuss my participants’ expectation of their future engagement with body modification. Unlike third-wave feminist discourse, which frequently refers to body modification in terms of freedom and choice, my findings offer a completely different understanding of women’s engagement in these practices. In the life stages I focus on, sociality and taking cue from others emerged as the most important aspects of women’s body modification decisions.

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Silveira, Alessandra Amaral da. „As produções discursivas de jovens sobre as práticas do Body Modification“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2010. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2736.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2010.
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Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-11-09T13:01:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AS PRODUÇÕES DISCURSIVAS DE JOVENS SOBRE AS PRÁTICAS DO BODY.pdf: 1045169 bytes, checksum: 95d4fb22825162629d952955f4493cf6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-09T13:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AS PRODUÇÕES DISCURSIVAS DE JOVENS SOBRE AS PRÁTICAS DO BODY.pdf: 1045169 bytes, checksum: 95d4fb22825162629d952955f4493cf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o que os sujeitos jovens dizem sobre as práticas relacionadas ao body modification, que se refere à realização de modificações corporais voluntárias e que têm como característica a irreversibilidade. As técnicas mais conhecidas e populares são: tatuagens, piercings, escarificações e dilatadores de orelha; há também as menos aceitas socialmente e consideradas radicais, sendo elas: a bifurcação de língua, o branding, o implante subcutâneo, o pocketing e a suspensão. Para executar a investigação optamos pelo Grupo Focal, esse que foi feito no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Sendo organizado em dois momentos: primeiro, com os alunos sem modificação corporal, em que participaram desse encontro 13 estudantes; o segundo foi realizado com os alunos que possuíam algumas das modificações corporais citadas acima e nesse encontro participaram 4 alunos. Essa dissertação é composta por dois artigos que surgiram, a partir das discussões que se sobressaíram durante a realização dos grupos. No primeiro artigo, problematizamos a constituição das juventudes, relacionando-as com as práticas do body modification, por acreditarmos que os discursos vinculados a necessidade de se modificar vem sendo direcionado aos jovens. No segundo artigo buscamos discutir como as intervenções corporais vêm produzindo as identidades desses sujeitos jovens. Decorrente dessas análises algumas questões se destacaram, sendo elas: a vinculação da juventude à imaturidade; a preocupação em atribuir significado/motivo ao fato de se fazer uma modificação corporal; a produção das identidades tendo como foco o futuro profissional; o jogo de poder entre os jovens e os pais para fazerem as modificações; o receio de se arrependerem ao realizarem modificação corporal; e, por fim, constatamos que a temática presente em ambos os grupos foi sobre a preocupação com a empregabilidade.
This thesis aims to analyze what the young people say about practices related to body modification, which refers to the making of voluntary body modifications and have the characteristic of irreversibility. The most popular techniques are popular: tattoos, p.cation of the tongue, branding, subcutaneous implantation, and pocketing the suspension. To perform the research we chose the Focus Group, which was done at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) which is situated in the city of Rio Grande. Being organized in two phases: first, with students without body modification, in which 13 students participated in this meeting, the second was conducted with students who had some of the bodily changes mentioned above and four students participated in this meeting. This dissertation consists of two articles that appeared from the discussions that stood out during the performance of groups. In the first article, we discuss the formation of youth, linking them to the practices of body modification, we believe that the speeches the need to modify has been directed at young people. In the second article we try to discuss how the body interventions have produced the identities of these young subjects. From these tests some issues stood out, namely: the binding of the immaturity of youth, the preoccupation of assigning meaning / reason of the fact of getting a body modification, the production of identities focusing on the professional future: the power game between young people and parents to make changes, lest they repent while performing body modification, and, finally, we find that the themes present in both groups was about the concern with employability.

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Windsor, Elroi J. „Regulating Healthy Gender: Surgical Body Modification among Transgender and Cisgender Consumers“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/55.

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Few bodies consistently portray natural or unaltered forms. Instead, humans inhabit bodies imbued with sociocultural meanings about what is attractive, appropriate, functional, and presentable. As such, embodiment is always gendered. The social, extra-corporeal body is a central locus for expressing gender. Surgical body modifications represent inherently gendered technologies of the body. But psychomedical institutions subject people who seek gender-crossing surgeries to increased surveillance, managing and regulating cross-gender embodiment as disorderly. Using mixed research methods, this research systematically compared transgender and cisgender (non-transgender) people’s experiences before, during, and after surgical body modification. I conducted a content analysis of 445 threads on a message board for an online cisgender surgery community, an analysis of 15 international protocols for transgender-specific surgeries, and 40 in-depth interviews with cisgender and transgender people who had surgery. The content analysis of the online community revealed similar themes among cisgender and transgender surgery users. However, detailed protocols existed only for transgender consumers of surgery. Interview findings showed that transgender and cisgender people reported similar presurgical feelings toward their bodies, similar cosmetic and psychological motivations for surgery, and similar benefits of surgery. For both cisgender and transgender people, surgery enhanced the inner self through improving the outer gendered body. Despite these similar embodied experiences, having a cisgender gender status determined respondents’ abilities to pursue surgery autonomously and with institutional support. Ultimately, this research highlights inequalities that result from gender status and manifest in psychomedical institutions by identifying the psychosocial impacts of provider/consumer or doctor/patient interactions, relating gendered embodiment to regulatory systems of authority, and illuminating policy implications for clinical practice and legal classifications of sex and gender.

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Bücher zum Thema "Body modification"

Featherstone, Mike. Body Modification. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446220207.

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Mike, Featherstone, Hrsg. Body modification. London: SAGE, 2000.

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Brainscan: A practical body modification. Portland, OR: Alex Wrekk, 2007.

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Prüwer, Tobias. Fürs Leben gezeichnet: Body Modification und Körperdiskurse. Berlin: Parodos, 2012.

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Mercury, Maureen. Pagan fleshworks: The alchemy of body modification. Rochester, VT: Park Street, 2000.

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Matwey, Elizabeth. Body modification in the 21st century university. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2005.

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In the flesh: The cultural politics of body modification. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

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Under the skin: A psychoanalytic study of body modification. Hove, East Sussex: Routledge, 2010.

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Finkbeiner, Andrew. Mopar B-Body performance upgrades 1962-1979. North Branch, MN: CarTech, 2012.

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The cosmetic gaze: Body modification and the construction of beauty. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2012.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Body modification"

Carmen, Rachael, und Haley Dillon. „Body Modification“. In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1896-1.

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Wheeler, Robert. „Body Modification“. In Clinical Law for Clinical Practice, 91–92. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429320583-39.

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Carmen, Rachael A., und Haley Dillon. „Body Modification“. In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 680–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_1896.

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Bork Petersen, Franziska. „Beautifying Body Modification“. In Body Utopianism, 185–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97486-2_7.

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Loue, Sana. „Body Modification of Minors*“. In Case Studies in Society, Religion, and Bioethics, 37–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44150-0_3.

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Swift, B. „Body Art and Modification“. In Essentials of Autopsy Practice, 159–86. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0637-1_7.

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DeMello, Margo. „Modification“. In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment, 338–52. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444340488.ch19.

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Horton, Alicia. „Body Modification Frames and Claims“. In Routledge Handbook on Deviance, 432–39. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315648057-46.

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Sinclair, Vanessa. „Body modification, polymorphous perversity and Pandrogeny“. In Scansion in Psychoanalysis and Art, 197–208. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |Series: Art, creativity, and psychoanalysis: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003099147-18.

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Taylor, Jim D. „Revisiting Self-Mutilation and Body Modification“. In Deviance Today, 273–82. 2nd edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003053286-19.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Body modification"

Antonova, Natalya, Anatoly Merenkov, Anna Gurarii und Elena Grunt. „Body Image: Body Modification Practices“. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Pedagogy, Communication and Sociology (ICPCS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpcs-19.2019.64.

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Silva, Priscila Ramos da. „Corpo na arte, body art, body modification: fronteiras“. In Encontro da História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.2.2006.3690.

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Tão freqüentemente associado à produção artística atual, o termo corpo na arte é, para muitos, uma incógnita. Afinal, do que se trata falar, simultaneamente em arte e corpo? A junção das duas palavras parece, à primeira vista, mais confundir do que esclarecer. Com freqüência, a arte do corpo dos anos 1990/2000 é confundida duas outras manifestações em que o corpo é o suporte da criação: a body art dos anos 1960/70 e o a body modification, fenômeno que compreende a realização de piercings, tatuagens, escarificações e outras intervenções corporais. No que se refere à arte contemporânea, um estudo aprofundado sobre a questão do corpo deve se deter, de início, sobre duas questões metodológicas fundamentais: a primeira é a definição o do próprio termo corpo na arte. A segunda, a delimitação das fronteiras entre os três campos de ação distintos: a arte do corpo atual, body art e a body modification. Estas serão as questões discutidas nesta comunicação.

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Britton, Lauren M. „Manifesting the Cyborg via Techno Body Modification“. In CSCW '17: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3022198.3024939.

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Britton, Lauren M., und Bryan Semaan. „Manifesting the Cyborg through Techno-Body Modification“. In CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025629.

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Watanabe, Takumi, Toshiki Fujiwara und Satoshi Suzuki. „NIRS-SPM Analysis of Body Schema Modification and Performance of Body Motion“. In 2018 11th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi.2018.8430778.

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Takala, Tuukka M., und Heikki Heiskanen. „Auto-Scaled Full Body Avatars for Virtual Reality: Facilitating Interactive Virtual Body Modification“. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2018.8446477.

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Smith, Douglas, Michael Amitay, Valdis Kibens, David Parekh und Ari Glezer. „Modification of lifting body aerodynamics using synthetic jet actuators“. In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-209.

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Pérez, M. G., N. R. Harlan, F. Zubiri, F. Zapirain und K. Gebauer. „Compatibility of High Performance Aluminum-Silicon Alloys with Laser Surface Modification“. In International Body Engineering Conference & Exhibition and Automotive & Transportation Technology Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2014.

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Hao, Kuang-rong, Cun-rui Lin, Yong-sheng Ding und Bin Chen. „Modification of Three-Dimensional Body Modeling Based on Figure Control“. In 2010 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2010.405.

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Bhattacharyya, Soham. „Two body dynamics in a quadratic modification of general relativity“. In Proceedings of the MG16 Meeting on General Relativity. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811269776_0069.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Body modification"

Thompson, W., Dubus Jr., Siders B. und C. M. Modification of Programs CHIEF and CID to Compute Sound Radiation from an Arbitrary Body with Mixed Boundary Conditions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juni 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237502.

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Yoo, Jeong-Ju (Jay), und Hye-Young Kim. Propensity to Undergo Cosmetic Surgery and Risky Body Modification among Indoor Tanning Bed Users: An Illustration from Female College Students. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1545.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien und Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.

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Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.

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Khan, Mahreen. Lessons from Adaptive Programming. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.142.

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The aim of adaptive programming (AP) is to produce adaptive, flexible, iterative, responsive, problem-driven, politically smart, locally led programmes which are effective and efficient and meet donor requirements for accountability. This is a rapid desk review of recent literature on AP including academic and grey sources. Section 2 covers the main challenges and barriers to successful implementation of AP. Key success factors are covered in Section 3. Selecting the appropriate monitoring and evaluation tools such as outcome harvesting or adapted versions of Value for Money to assist in measuring outcomes and embedding learning is key to successful AP, particularly in governance programmes, where results are usually long-term, non-linear and causality can be difficult to specifically trace back to the donor-funded intervention. Section 4 details three case studies from the governance arena as this report was requested to assist in designing adaptive governance programmes. Thus, the State Accountability and Voice Initiative (SAVI) from Nigeria, Chakua Hatua from Tanzania, and Within and Without the State (WWS) from conflict regions are included to show how flexible indicators, donor communication and negotiation, empowering teams and adopting monitoring and evaluation tools assisted in successful AP outcomes in different locations and political contexts. The challenges faced and drawbacks of certain processes were fed into efficient feedback loops fostering cross-communication, adaptation, and modification to ensure procedures and policies were changed accordingly. Sources used are primarily from the previous 5 years, as per K4D norms, unless the work is seminal, such as the ODI Report (2016) Doing Development Differently, which encouraged over 60 countries to sign up for the AP methodology. This review found a substantive body of literature on AP methodology the relative recency of academic attention on AP in the development less evidence is available on case studies of AP in the development sector, as there are not many ongoing projects and even fewer have been completed and results assessed (ICF, 2019). There is also a lack of case studies on how dynamic, empowered, innovative teams successfully apply adaptive programming ideas, particularly providing behavioural insights about such teams (Cooke, 2017) as well as little attention to precipitating and sustaining behaviour change in institutions over the longer term (Power, 2017).

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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, und Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.

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Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.

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Steffens, John C., und Eithan Harel. Polyphenol Oxidases- Expression, Assembly and Function. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571358.bard.

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Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) participate in the preparation of many plant products on the one hand and cause considerable losses during processing of plant products on the other hand. However, the physiological functions of plant PPO were still a subject of controversy at the onset of the project. Preliminary observations that suggested involvement of PPOs in resistance to herbivores and pathogens held great promise for application in agriculture but required elucidation of PPO's function if modulation of PPO expression is to be considered for improving plant protection or storage and processing of plant products. Suggestions on a possible role of PPO in various aspects of chloroplast metabolism were also relevant in this context. The characterization of plant PPO genes opened a way for achieving these goals. We reasoned that "understanding PPO targeting and routing, designing ways to manipulate its expression and assessing the effects of such modifications will enable determination of the true properties of the enzyme and open the way for controlling its activity". The objective of the project was to "obtain an insight into the function and biological significance of PPOs" by examining possible function(s) of PPO in photosynthesis and plant-pest interactions using transgenic tomato plants; extending our understanding of PPO routing and assembly and the mechanism of its thylakoid translocation; preparing recombinant PPOs for use in import studies, determination of the genuine properties of PPOs and understanding its assembly and determining the effect of PPO's absence on chloroplast performance. Results obtained during work on the project made it necessary to abandon some minor objectives and devote the effort to more promising topics. Such changes are mentioned in the 'Body of the report' which is arranged according to the objectives of the original proposal. The complex expression pattern of tomato PPO gene family was determined. Individual members of the family are differentially expressed in various parts of the plant and subjected to developmentally regulated turnover. Some members are differentially regulated also by pathogens, wounding and chemical wound signals. Wounding systemically induces PPO activity and level in potato. Only tissues that are developmentally competent to express PPO are capable of responding to the systemic wounding signal by increased accumulation of PPO mRNA. Down regulation of PPO genes causes hyper susceptibility to leaf pathogens in tomato while over expression regulation of PPO expression in tomato plants is their apparent increased tolerance to drought. Both the enhanced disease resistance conferred by PPO over expression and the increased stress tolerance due to down regulation can be used in the engineering of improved crop plants. Photosynthesis rate and variable fluorescence measurements in wild type, and PPO-null and over expressing transgenic tomato lines suggest that PPO does not enable plants to cope better with stressful high light intensities or reactive oxygen species. Rather high levels of the enzyme aggravate the damage caused under such conditions. Our work suggests that PPO's primary role is in defending plants against pathogens and herbivores. Jasmonate and ethylene, and apparently also salicylate, signals involved in responses to wounding and defense against herbivores and pathogens, enhance markedly and specifically the competence of chloroplasts to import and process pPPO. The interaction of the precursor with thylakoid membranes is primarily affected. The routing of PPO shows other unusual properties: stromal processing occurs in two sites, resulting in intermediates that are translocated across thylakoids by two different mechanisms - a DpH- and a Sec-dependent one. It is suggested that the dual pattern of processing and routing constitutes a'fail safe' mechanism, reflecting the need for a rapid and flexible response to defense challenges. Many of the observations described above should be taken into consideration when manipulation of PPO expression is contemplated for use in crop improvement.

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