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1
Nelson, James Lee. "Behavior of GFRP Bridge Decks for Highway Bridges." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12022005-144948/.
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This research presents the results of an experimental program undertaken at the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Constructed Facilities Laboratory (CFL) to evaluate the performance of a new innovative glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bridge deck. This bridge deck is produced commercially by Martin Marietta Composites of Raleigh, NC under the trade name of DuraSpan. The experimental program involved examining the behavior of 5.00 inch deep and 7.66 inch deep DuraSpan bridge deck profiles. The program included numerous quasi-static flexural tests, testing of connection details to facilitate the development of a railing system, evaluation of the performance of the bond lines in negative moment regions, and an evaluation of the coefficient of thermal expansion. A finite element model was developed to predict the stiffness of the bridge deck at service load levels. Finite element optimization techniques were used in conjunction with coupon test data and the large scale flexural test data to calibrate the model.
2
Krajewski, Joseph E. "Bridge inspection and interferometry." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-092613/.
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Odeh, Beesan. "Bridge." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1558963376997409.
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Ding, Qiang. "Buffeting analysis of cable-supported bridges under turbulent wind in time domain /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21106538.
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Ross, Justin Henry. "Evaluating ultimate bridge capacity through destructive testing of decommissioned bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 154 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919151&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2007.<br>Principal faculty advisors: Michael J. Chajes and Jennifer Righman McConnell, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.
6
Mousavi, Marjan. "Life Cycle Assessment of Portland Cement and Concrete Bridge : Concrete Bridge vs. Wooden Bridge." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122462.
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Today global warming mitigation, natural resource conservation and energy saving are some of the significant concerns of different industries, such as cement and concrete industries. For that reason, a streamlined life cycle assessment (LCA) model of one ton of a Portland cement, CEM I produced in Cementa AB’s Degerhamn plant, has been developed by using the LCA software KCL-ECO. LCA is a tool that identifies in which stages of a product’s life cycle the most environmental burdens occur. The environmental analysis was limited to identify total energy consumption and total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per ton of Portland cement. Results show that the most significant energy consumption and CO2 emissions are related to clinker kiln, due to the process of calcination of limestone and fuel combustion in the kiln. Of total CO2 emissions, 52 % and 46 % result from the calcination process and fuel combustion respectively. One of the applications of CEM I is in construction of concrete bridges. Therefore an LCA model of a concrete bridge located north of Stockholm was developed in KCL-ECO. Environmental indicators calculated are: total CO2 emissions and energy consumption through the entire life cycle of the bridge. CO2 uptake or carbonation of the concrete during the service life of the product and end of life treatment is one of the advantages of concrete products. During the carbonation process, some of the total CO2 released from calcination will be absorbed into the concrete. Results indicate that production of raw materials and transports during the life cycle of the concrete bridge, are main contributors to total CO2 emissions. Among raw materials, cement production has the highest CO2 emissions. Energy consumption is mainly related to concrete and concrete products production. CO2 uptake during the use phase of the bridge is small compared to total CO2 emissions from calcination. Furthermore, the results show that different waste handling practises result in different CO2 uptake behaviours. The total CO2 uptake from crushing and storing of the demolished concrete (scenario 1) and landfilling of the demolished concrete (scenario 2) is 10 % and 5 % of the total CO2 emissions from calcination respectively. Since comparison of different construction materials from an environmental point of view is always desirable, the LCA tool was used to compare the total energy consumption and the CO2 emissions from a concrete bridge and a wooden bridge. The functional unit was defined as 1 square meter of bridge surface area, since the bridges were of different sizes and shapes. In this comparison the total emissions and energy consumption were much higher for the concrete bridge than for the wooden bridge. In order to show how different assumptions could affect the results, a virtual concrete bridge with the same shape and size as the wooden bridge was designed and compared with the wooden bridge. The functional unit selected for this case was one bridge. In this case the virtual concrete bridge requires less energy, while the wooden bridge emits less CO2 to the atmosphere. For the wooden bridge, CO2 in growing forests was included, which could be debated. Overall, a comparison of the environmental performance of the wooden bridge and the concrete bridges was more complex than initially expected and great care is recommended in choosing material and application. With concrete, the design (and quantity of material used) seems to be a very sensitive parameter and may result in much larger energy used and CO2 emissions than a wooden bridge. On the other hand, the virtual bridge comparison showed that concrete advantages such as higher durability and lower maintenance may be theoretically combined with a comparable energy and climate performance as a wooden alternative.
7
Chan, Tai-fung Sandy. "Landscape evaluation for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4266455X.
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Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009.<br>Includes special report study entitled: The aesthetic design of road and bridge landscapes. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
8
Butler, Hiroko Y. "Bridge & non-bridge verb asymmetries in Japanese." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1116615143.
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Donnée, Nicole Elizabeth Hughes Mary Leigh. "Automated screening tool for the stability of highway bridges subject to scour." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Donnee_Nicole_6.pdf.
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10
Chang, Hung Yuan. "Bridge DNA." Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10822889.
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<p> This thesis work centers on the relationship between bridge structure, construction methods and timberwork, coming from the processes of design and manufacturing. In this thesis, I intend to discover and develop different characteristics of different structures and materials and create works that are visually powerful using different visual languages. I began to learn about bridge design after I started working full time after graduating from university. During that period I was involved in the creation of several bridge designs and obtained experience as a builder. The bridge that I helped to design and build during that period is still one of the largest and most important works for me. Since the experience was so influential I planned to apply that exceptional experience in designing furniture and creating unique works in my graduate program. </p><p> In my work, the process of research and design is as follows: 1. Start with the foundations of bridge structure. 2. Ensure reasonable structure is embedded into design. 3. Receive feedback, determine problems and limitations. 4. Continue designing and find the best ways to settle problems and address limitations. 5. Develop structural forms and apply them to the next projects. </p><p> Through my thesis work, I carried out interactive creation through observing, investigating and probing the possibilities of applying different bridge structures to the building of furniture.</p><p>
11
Medek, Lukáš. "The Bridge." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232354.
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The Bridge: Pong Evolution describes the evolution of visuality in computer games in the symbolic way. The piece focuses on the most common elements used in graphics, gameplay, styles and technologies both in history and nowadays. Then it uses them in one single evolving environment. The work is also criticizing some contemporary (and past) trends commonly used in video games.
12
Santoso, Budi. "Analysis of spread footing settlement for highway bridge foundation." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183737778.
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Lee, Suk-mei Minerva. "What is a bridge? : a live walking: create new bridges experience /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34612336.
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Jinka, Chandra Sekhar. "Dynamic response evaluation of fiber reinforced composite bridge decks and bridges." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3182.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 167 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-148).
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Brody, Alex. "Bridge employment: Can occupational self-efficacy determine which bridges are crossed?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2618.
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A conceptual model examining the antecedents and outcomes of occupational self-efficacy among the older workforce is presented. Proposed antecedents to occupational self-efficacy included self-perceived stereotypes and work demands.
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Matta, Fabio. "Innovative solutions in bridge construction, rehabilitation, and structural health monitoring." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/MattaPhD_Dissertation_09007dcc8038f8b1.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed November 15, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Hirachan, Jasmeen. "Development of experimental influence lines for bridges." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.88 Mb., 91 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1435843.
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Li, Zhenhu, and 李振虎. "Damage identification of bridges from signals measured with a moving vehicle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206353.
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Identifying damage of a bridge from a vehicle moving over it is an attractive idea especially for those bridges without structural health monitoring systems as it is faster than putting sensors on the bridges. Many parts of highways and railways have been constructed on bridges and it is important to ensure that they are in good conditions. Therefore a large amount of bridges need to be monitored and for the sake of economy the monitoring should be efficient. If an instrumented vehicle can identify the occurrence and locations of damage by running over the bridges, it would save a lot of labor and time. As acceleration is easier to acquire, it is used as the main signal for damage detection. Research in this area is relatively little, not to mention the need to take into account road surface roughness and experimental verification.
Frequencies can be conveniently extracted from the vehicle response. The damage can hence be identified based on the relationship between the change of frequencies and the fractional change of strain energy. A vehicle-bridge interaction system is used to simulate the process of a vehicle running over a bridge and obtain the vehicle response for investigation. The proposed method can identify damage of simply supported and multi-span continuous bridges taking into account road surface roughness and measurement noise. They are also validated in the laboratory where a simply supported bridge is modeled using an aluminum beam and the vehicle is modeled with aluminum vehicles. This method can limit the damage location to two potential locations.
The multi-level multi-pass strategy makes use of the identification from the above method, applies genetic algorithm and lets the vehicle run over the bridge at various speeds. The unique damage location can then be identified. A numerical study for simply supported bridges and multi-span continuous bridges has verified its effectiveness.
Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) can identify local changes in a signal as damage is assumed to cause local change to the vehicle response, which makes it suitable for damage detection from vehicle response. However, the road surface roughness and measurement noise often mask the information about damage. Smoothing technique and damage indicators are proposed to help with the identification. By validating the method with a numerical vehicle-bridge interaction system and model tests in the laboratory, the damage can be correctly identified. Additional masses and sinusoidal excitation force can help with the identification too.
Repeated application of CWT involves applying the CWT to the coefficients of continuous wavelet again and again, which can also improve the results. If CWT is treated as a mathematical microscope, repeated application of CWT is like amplifying the signal several times. The effectiveness of the method has been verified numerically and experimentally.
In summary, a convenient and efficient technique to test the conditions of bridges by putting sensors on a moving vehicle is proposed and the method is verified by numerical and experimental studies. It can provide an alternative or a useful complement to conventional structural health monitoring systems.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Civil Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Yuen, Lik Hang. "Performance of Concrete Bridge Deck Joints." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd674.pdf.
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Bettinger, Christopher L. "Effects of thermal expansion on a skewed semi-integral bridge." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173468821.
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Nordtvedt, Kaia Kathryn. "Old bridge in Mostar : a bridge between Muslims and Croats?" Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99736.
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One city in Bosnia-Herzegovina can be seen as a microcosm of a greater ethnic and religious conflict. The city of Mostar has drawn much attention from the international community not only because of its position in Bosnia but because of a small bridge over the Neretva River. This bridge has evolved into an international symbol of hope and reconciliation while at the same time embodying segregation and destruction. This thesis aims to analyse this old bridge in Mostar as a symbol of cultural intervention by the international community. The successes and failures that the bridge encompasses speak to the tumultuous time the international community at large has had in reunifying the war-torn city of Mostar and in extension the country of Bosnia. The bridge has become more than a path over water, but a reflection of the mood and culture of an entire city.
22
Karuna, R. "Structural modelling of suspension bridges with particular reference to the humber bridge." Thesis, Brunel University, 2002. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5191.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the parameters that influence the structural behaviour of a specific suspension bridge, The Humber Bridge. Three finite element computer models of increasing complexity were created for the analyses. They were validated against field measurements for both static and dynamic loading, and good correlation was obtained. The programs were used to a) Assess the integrity of the bridge as a whole were three failures of certain individual elements, such as a hanger falling under vehicle impact; b) Determine the influence of the sizing of individual components, such as deck plate thickness or main cable diameter, on overall behaviour; c) ascertain the capability of the structure to cope with loading (traffic, wind orthermal), above the original design values; and d) consider the performance of the bridge had other configurations of hangers been adopted in the original design. From the results of this work, recommendations are made which could influence the future design of long-span suspension bridges.
23
Donde, Shrinish. "Support for Emulated 5G-System Bridge in a Time-Sensitive Bridged Network." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284514.
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Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) defined in the IEEE 802.1 working group, is an important enabler for industrial Internet of things, specifically industry 4.0. 3GPP release 16 specifications includes the 5G system as a logical TSN bridge, thus promoting the integration of 5G technology with TSN. This combination provides wireless deterministic communication thus ensuring low, bounded delay and near-zero packet loss. In this thesis, we implement a 5G system in- tegration with TSN using a discrete event network simulator (NS-3). Further, we propose a simplified per egress port scheduling algorithm based on IEEE 802.1Q (scheduled traffic standard) running in the Centralized Network Con- troller (CNC). Average packet delay, average jitter, average throughput and the packet loss is measured for comparing the performance difference when our TSN scheduler is used versus when it is not. The designed system is tested by measuring it’s network impact in terms of average delay and packet loss. The 5GS logical bridge behavior is simulated by varying the 5G bridge de- lay dynamically. For every frame transmission in the queue, the processing delay of a particular bridge is varied with pre-defined set of values. Two sets of 5GS bridge delay variations are considered, i.e. between 1-10ms and 5- 10ms respectively. On calculating the network impact, we conclude that the overall impact on the network decreases as the variation range for the delay gets smaller. This proves that higher delay variations have a significant impact whereas smaller delay variations have a negligible impact on the network. For the latter case, the system delay is considerably stable and thus can be used for industrial applications in real-life TSN scenarios.<br>Tidskritiska nätverk (TSN) definierat i IEEE 802.1-arbetsgruppen, är en vik- tig faktor för det industriella Sakernas Internet, särskilt när det gäller Industri4.0. Specifikationer enligt 3GPP release 16 inkluderar 5G-system som en lo- gisk TSN-brygga, som främjar integrationen av 5G-teknik med TSN. 5G med TSN ger trådlös deterministisk kommunikation som säkerställer låg, begrän- sad fördröjning och nästan noll paketförlust. I denna rapport implementerar vi en 5G-systemintegration med TSN med hjälp av en diskret händelse simu- lator (NS-3). Dessutom föreslår vi en förenklad algoritm för schemaläggning av portar per utgång baserat på IEEE 802.1Q (Scheduled Traffic Standard) som körs i en centraliserad nätverks-controller (CNC). Genomsnittlig paket- fördröjning, genomsnittlig fördröjningsvariation, genomsnittlig genomström- ning och paketförlust mäts för att jämföra prestandaskillnaden när vår TSN- schemaläggare används jämfört med när den inte används. Det utformade sy- stemet testas genom att mäta nätverkets påverkan i termer av genomsnittlig fördröjning och paketförlust. 5GS logiska bryggbeteende simuleras genom att dynamiskt variera 5G-bryggfördröjningen. För varje bildöverföring varieras bryggans bearbetningsfördröjning med en fördefinierad uppsättning värden. Två fördefinierade uppsättningar av 5GS-fördröjningsvariationer beaktas som ligger mellan 1-10ms respektive 5-10ms. När vi beräknar nätverkspåverkan drar vi slutsatsen att den totala effekten på nätverket minskar när variationen i fördröjningen blir mindre. Detta visar att högre fördröjningsvariationer har en signifikant effekt medan mindre fördröjningsvariationer har en försumbar effekt. I det senare fallet är systemfördröjningen betydligt stabilare och kan användas för tillämpningar i verkliga TSN-scenarier.
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Belyea, Michael Ross. "The choice of alternatives in the replacement of the Lion's Gate Bridge." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/MQ37484.pdf.
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White, Ellen T. "Development of an Index for Concrete Bridge Deck Management in Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1453.pdf.
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Snedeker, Katherine O. "Evaluation of performance and maximum length of continuous decks in simple-span bridges." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28210.
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Ko, Chun-Hung. "Systems reliability analysis of bridge superstructures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995.
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Ginzel, Beate. "Bridge the gap!" Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-104429.
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The thesis identifies four modes of action and cooperation of transnational networks of GROs by taking the Tanzania Urban Poor Federation (TUPF), a sub-network of Shack Slum Dweller International
(SDI), as an example. Based on the understanding of “interpretive network analysis” (Schindler 2006: pp. 100-101), qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection and analysis (expert interviews, member survey, on-site visits of projects, review of TUPF and SDI reports) have been applied in the course of field research. Analysis took place based on a set of criteria regarding the current state of knowledge of typologies, structures, processes, dynamics and preconditions for stable, effective networks.
Furthermore, mechanisms for network governance are also taken into account. The selected cases represent a range of issues, applied instruments, different modes of cooperation and scopes of action. Based on the set of criteria, the examination is intended to address questions concerning the relevance of local embeddedness and the capability of the local communities of the TUPF to enter into cross-sectoral and cross-level cooperation. Based on these insights, effects for the scope of action, the empowerment of the actors involved and the development of marginalized settlements are indentified. The case-study research on the basis of the TUPF and SDI verifies the potential of networks for the dissemination of knowledge and the creation of social capital and multidimensional cooperation. However, the analysed modes of action and cooperation develop different degrees of capacities regarding these issues. In this context, the assumed interrelation between the degree of extension of the scope of action
and the capability to create multidimensional cooperation in the course of networking activities becomes clear. The cases of the TUPF and SDI show that transnational networks of GROs are able to develop cooperation structures and development strategies involving features of integrated approaches which are spatially and socially embedded in local communities and also benefit from transnational and crosssectoral
cooperation. The aspects highlighted above represent a range of potentials and preconditions which turned out to be relevant and important for the activities and processes of local communities within
the network. These final results are intended to provide guidance for the development of beneficial structures by governmental actors and development organizations. Furthermore, they should be integrated into
a reconsideration of cooperation strategies in the course of urban management processes and development approaches to reduce urban poverty.
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Sharma, Neena. "SERIAL PROTOCOL BRIDGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352403332.
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BARNHART, MICHAEL ROBERT. "THE SINGING BRIDGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195667467.
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Thompson, James. "Submanifold bridge processes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79558/.
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We introduce and study submanifold bridge processes. Our method involves proving a general formula for the integral over a submanifold of the minimal heat kernel on a complete Riemannian manifold. Our formula expresses this object in terms of a stochastic process whose trajectories terminate on the submanifold at a fixed positive time. We study this process and use the formula to derive lower bounds, an asymptotic relation and derivative estimates. Using these results we introduce and characterize Brownian bridges to submanifolds. Before doing so we prove necessary estimates on the Laplacian of the distance function and define a notion of local time on a hypersurface. These preliminary developments also lead to a study of the distance between Brownian motion and a submanifold, in which we prove exponential bounds and concentration inequalities. This work is motivated by the desire to extend the analysis of path and loop space to measures on paths which terminate on a submanifold.
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Pol, Sara <1985>. "BRIDGE MODELS NEL’EUROZONA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2632.
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La necessità di monitorare in modo tempestivo l’andamento dell’economia nell’eurozona è di fondamentale importanza per la politica economica. Per questo motivo è indispensabile la costruzione di modelli di previsione di breve periodo: Bridge Models, i quali sfruttano l’informazione di serie storiche a frequenza mensile per creare proiezioni a uno o al massimo due trimestri in avanti. Lo scopo è di esaminare l’abilità di previsione dei bridge models per la crescita del PIL nell’area euro.
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Peterson, Scott Thomas. "Experimental response and analysis of the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/dissertations/Fall2002/s%5Fpeterson%5F102102.pdf.
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BASU, BIKRAMADITYA. "ACCELERATED CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF BRIDGES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116044680.
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Lane, Ellen (Ellen Philippa). "Design and performance of Thomas Telford's Bonar Bridge and Mythe Bridge." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115792.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-113).<br>This paper assesses two cast-iron arch bridges of Thomas Telford (1757-1834) - Bonar Bridge (1810-12) and Mythe Bridge (1824-26) - to draw a broader conclusion about his career in bridge building. The bridges are introduced and Telford's design influences are investigated. While Telford was influenced by theory through the advice of his contemporaries, he was more heavily influenced by experience, especially design precedents, and most of all by his own judgment, which placed great emphasis on both practicality and aesthetics. The structural performance of the two bridges is assessed and compared. The cast-iron arch's ability to resist vertical loading is the main focus of the analysis, following Heyman's framework for limit analysis of arches. Global equilibrium and graphic statics indicate that the each rib, when acting alone, is insufficient to support asymmetric loading, demonstrating that the secondary members are necessary, and therefore that neither bridge is grossly overdesigned. Deck-stiffening effects are tested following Billington's method, and are found to be negligible. The spandrel bracing members are found to be sufficient apart from the development of tension forces in Bonar Bridge. The later Mythe Bridge performs slightly better in all areas; overall, however, the performance is very similar. Based on these results, the paper concludes that Telford chose not to refine his design substantially over the course of his career. It is argued that this was a conscious decision, based on the progression of the industry from cast iron towards wrought iron, and that these bridges are significant because they bookend the short golden age of cast iron bridges, of which Telford was the unquestionable master.<br>by Ellen Lane.<br>M. Eng.
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Sugioka, Koichi. "Life cycle evaluation of fatigue mitigation for orthotropic steel bridge decks." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3232.
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Bridges with orthotropic steel decks have been built across the world over the past 60 years because they provide high strength and stiffness at a relatively low cost. However, a number of these bridges have sustained fatigue fractures. The investigation described in this thesis was carried out in order to identify cost-effective fatigue crack mitigation techniques by using the deck surfacing to reduce the stresses in the steel deck. Epoxy asphalt with an expanded metal mesh was investigated with small- and large-scale laboratory tests. Finite element analyses were also performed. The small scale tests conducted at different temperatures and loading frequencies showed that asphalt stiffness increased with decreasing temperature and faster loading. The expanded metal mesh in the epoxy asphalt layer noticeably increased asphalt stiffness. In the large scale tests and finite element analyses, critical loading positions to cause stress concentrations at the fatigue prone rib-to-deck welded connections were determined with different tyre configurations. The stress reduction due to the deck surfacing was estimated for the critical loading positions. The full scale test specimen was subjected to actual truck tyres. With the effectiveness of mitigation techniques for fatigue cracks on orthotropic steel bridge decks known, a probability-based fatigue lifetime evaluation methodology using Monte Carlo simulation was developed. The deck surfacing effects with seasonal and hourly temperature variations were considered. The fatigue lifetime extension using the epoxy asphalt was quantified. For a particular bridge, cost-effective maintenance scenarios were investigated. A simple calculation method for fatigue lifetime was introduced for engineers or bridge owners to assist understanding of decision support tool concepts.
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Su, Danna. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO STRONG EARTHQUAKES CONSIDERING VEHICLE-BRIDGE INTERACTION." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232014.
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Huang, Jun. "Evaluating bridge performance load rating bridges without plans and experimental displacement influence lines /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 307 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904751&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bapat, Amey Vivek. "Influence of Bridge Parameters on Finite Element Modeling of Slab on Girder Bridges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36105.
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The present study is part of the Long Term Bridge Performance Program (LTBP) funded by the Federal Highway Administration. The objectives of this program are to create a comprehensive database of quantitative information of the long-term performance of selected pilot bridges and to develop a methodology to assess bridge performance. Finite element (FE) modeling of the pilot bridges is an intrinsic part of the LTBP program and is intended to not only assist with instrumentation decisions, but also to provide further insight into the behavior of these bridges, which cannot be achieved solely from field testing of the bridges. This thesis provides a comprehensive study of a plethora of issues associated with the development of reliable and accurate FE models of bridges.
The first objective of this investigation was to develop reliable finite element models with a variety of levels of refinement and to study the effect of the inclusion of various bridge parameters in the model, such as bridge skew, degree of composite action, thermal gradient and level of support restraint, on the response of bridges. First, the suitability of different modeling techniques and of elements used to model the primary bridge components was assessed using simple models for which analytical solutions are readily available. From these studies, it was concluded that shell elements are adequate to model the bridge deck, and beam and shell elements are both satisfactory to model the bridge girders. From the dynamic analyses of theWildcat Creek River Bridge and the Colquitz River Bridge, flexural modes of vibration were found to be highly sensitive to support restraints and to how the guardrails were modeled and less sensitive to the inclusion of bracing and thermal gradients in the model. The finite element models using extreme boundary conditions were successful in bracketing the field response. The factors identified from these analyses were considered in the analysis of the Virginia pilot bridge. Different support restraints, and the inclusion of skew and level of composite action in the model had noticeable impact on both the static and dynamic responses of the bridge. The results from these analyses were used to assist with instrumentation decisions prior to field-testing. The developed model will also be used to help researchers further understand the bridgeâ s behavior and to help explain a variety of phenomena observed in the field.<br>Master of Science
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Menkulasi, Fatmir. "Development of a Composite Concrete Bridge System for Short-to-Medium-Span Bridges." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50413.
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The inverted T-beam bridge system provides an accelerated bridge construction alternative for short-to-medium-span bridges. The system consists of adjacent precast inverted T-beams finished with a cast-in-place concrete topping. The system offers enhanced performance against reflective cracking, and reduces the likelihood of cracking due to time dependent effects. The effects of transverse bending due to concentrated wheel loads are investigated with respect to reflective cracking. Transverse bending moment are quantified and compared to transverse moment capacities provided by a combination of various cross-sectional shapes and transverse connections. A design methodology for transverse bending is suggested. Tensile stresses created due to time dependent and temperature effects are quantified at the cross-sectional and structure level and strategies for how to alleviate these tensile stresses are proposed. Because differential shrinkage is believed to be one of the causes of deck cracking in composite bridges, a study on shrinkage and creep properties of seven deck mixes is presented with the goal of identifying a mix whose long terms properties reduce the likelihood of deck cracking. The effects of differential shrinkage at a cross-sectional level are numerically demonstrated for a variety of composite bridge systems and the resistance of the inverted T-beam system against time dependent effects is highlighted. End stresses in the end zones of such a uniquely shaped precast element are investigated analytically in the vertical and horizontal planes. Existing design methods are evaluated and strut-and-tie models, calibrated to match the results of 3-D finite element analyses, are proposed as alternatives to existing methods to aid designers in sizing reinforcing in the end zones. Composite action between the precast beam and the cast-in-place topping is examined via a full scale test and the necessity of extended stirrups is explored. It is concluded that because of the large contact surface between the precast and cast-in-place elements, cohesion alone appears to provide the necessary horizontal shear strength to ensure full composite action. Live load distribution factors are quantified analytically and by performing four live loads tests. It is concluded that AASHTO's method for cast-in-place slab span bridges can be conservatively used in design.<br>Ph. D.
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Rodriguez, Leo E. "Temperature Effects On Integral Abutment Bridges For The Long-Term Bridge Performance Program." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1221.
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The United States Department of Transportation (US-DOT) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiated in 2009 the Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) program to gather high-quality data on a representative sample of bridges over a twenty-year period of time. The goal of this program is to quantify how bridges behave during their service life while being exposed to different types of loadings and deterioration due to corrosion, fatigue and various climate conditions along with their corresponding maintenances. The data gathered will result in the creation of databases of high quality data, acquired through long-term instrumentation, to be used for improved design practices and effective management of infrastructures by employing best practices for maintenance. As part of the LTBP Program two integral abutment bridges, a California Bridge near Sacramento, CA and a Utah Bridge near Perry, UT, were selected to be monitored for temperature changes as well as to undergo periodic live-load testing. Live-load testing included slowly driving a truck over the bridges. The bridges were instrumented to collect test data and use it to calibrate a finite-element model. This finite-element model was used to determine the actual bridge behavior and compare it with the AASHTO LRFD Specifications. This thesis also examined how different parameters such as thermal gradients, mean temperature, and end-rotation affect these two integral abutment bridges.
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Calloway, Benita R. "Yield line analysis of an AASHTO New Jersey concrete parapet wall." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040731/.
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Lake, Neal J. "Evaluating the health of bridge structures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
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Carver, Kathleen C. "Repurposing Industrial Railroad Bridges: Linking the Past to the Present." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1403195362.
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Saleem, Muhammad A. "Alternatives to Steel Grid Bridge Decks." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/372.
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Most of the moveable bridges use open grid steel decks, because these are factory assembled, light-weight, and easy to install. Open grid steel decks, however, are not as skid resistant as solid decks. Costly maintenance, high noise levels, poor riding comfort and susceptibility to vibrations are among the other disadvantages of these decks. The major objective of this research was to develop alternative deck systems which weigh no more than 25 lb/ft2, have solid riding surface, are no more than 4-5 in. thick and are able to withstand prescribed loading. Three deck systems were considered in this study: ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) deck, aluminum deck and UHPC-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tube deck.
UHPC deck was the first alternative system developed as a part of this project. Due to its ultra high strength, this type of concrete results in thinner sections, which helps satisfy the strict self-weight limit. A comprehensive experimental and analytical evaluation of the system was carried out to establish its suitability. Both single and multi-unit specimens with one or two spans were tested for static and dynamic loading. Finite element models were developed to predict the deck behavior. The study led to the conclusion that the UHPC bridge deck is a feasible alternative to open grid steel deck.
Aluminum deck was the second alternative system studied in this project. A detailed experimental and analytical evaluation of the system was carried out. The experimental work included static and dynamic loading on the deck panels and connections. Analytical work included detailed finite element modeling. Based on the in-depth experimental and analytical evaluations, it was concluded that aluminum deck was a suitable alternative to open grid steel decks and is ready for implementation.
UHPC-FRP tube deck was the third system developed in this research. Prestressed hollow core decks are commonly used, but the proposed type of steel-free deck is quite novel. Preliminary experimental evaluations of two simple-span specimens, one with uniform section and the other with tapered section were carried out. The system was shown to have good promise to replace the conventional open grid decks. Additional work, however, is needed before the system is recommended for field application.
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Tranell, Anna. "Cable-stayed Bridge Connected to a Chained Floating bridge : A Case Study." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62859.
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In Norway there are plans of a ferry-free European road E39 with crossings of eight deep and wide fjords. A newly developed bridge concept that could be used for some of these fjord-crossings is a chained floating bridge. One of the challenges for the chained floating bridge is to create a convenient shipping-lane under the bridge, where one suggestion is to connect the chained floating bridge with a single pylon cable-stayed bridge. The aim of this thesis is to design and evaluate a cable-stayed bridge in connection with a chained floating bridge. The purpose is to evaluate the feasibility of such a design by conducting a case study of the crossing of Bjørnefjorden. A design of a bridge is created for the case based on a literature study of conventional cable-stayed bridges. The bridge design is modelled, analyzed and the structural integrity is evaluated with SOFiSTiK (a finite element software for structural design) according to Eurocode. The study concludes that the concept is feasible for Bjørnefjorden by providing a possible design of a cables-stayed bridge connected to a chained floating bridge with conventional cross sections. The analysis in the thesis confirms the structural integrity of the consept. The bridge design’s main span is 300m long, it has a 25m wide steel box girder where the cables (φ140mm) are placed in two planes with a spacing of 15m along the girder. It has a 184 m high A-shaped pylon with a concrete box section from the foundation up to the girder level (+50m), to the top is a steel box (3.5x3.5m). The bridge is designed with material properties according to Eurocode, where steel class S355 and concrete C45 are used. A parametric research also verifies the design’s feasibility for other geometries of chained floating bridges - where the horizontal reactions on the cable-stayed bridge vary in a range of 107MN-242MN. The parametric research confirms that both the utilization of the cross section and the stability increases with the horizontal reaction from the chained floating bridge. The parametric study also concludes that a width of 8m between the pylon legs decreases the effect on the lower part of the pylon and the support reaction at the pylon when compared with a 12m and a 18m width. However, the average utilization of the girder, cable and steel part of the pylon increases when the 8m width is compared with a 12m or a 18m wide pylon. A fan or radial cable arrangement compared to harp design is more efficient for the cables and the displacements of the girder in Z-direction. They are however, less efficient for the bottom part of the pylon than the harp arrangement.<br>I Norge planeras en färjefri Europaväg E39, där åtta djupa och breda fjordar ska förbindas med broar eller tunnlar. För att korsa några av fjordarna utvecklas bla. ett brokoncept med kedjeflytbro. En av utmaningarna i konceptet är att skapa en farled för fartyg under bron. Ett förslag är att koppla ihop kedjeflybron med en ”halv” snedkabelbro som har en pylon (inte två), där farleden går under huvudspannet till snedkabelbron. Avsikten med detta examensarbete är att konstruera och utvärdera en snedkabelbro ihopkopplad med en kedjeflytbro. Syftet är att utvärdera om konceptet med snedkabelbro är genomförbart, med hjälp av en fallstudie av Bjørnefjordsförbindelsen. En konventionell design av en snedkabelbro upprättas efter fallets villkor med hjälp av en literaturstudie. Designen modelleras, analyseras och dimensioneras enligt Eurokod med analysverktyget SOFiSTiK. Slutsatsen är att konceptet med en snedkabelbro ihopkopplad med en kedjeflytbro är genomförbart då det är möjligt att designa en sådan med konventionella tvärsnitt. Analysen i rapporten bekräftar att designen har tillräcklig bärförmåga. I designen är huvudspannet 300m långt och består av en 25m bred brobalk upphängd av (φ140mm) kablar placerade i två plan var 15m. Bron har en 184m hög A-formad pylon med ett lådtvärsnitt i betong från fundament till brobalksnivån (+50m), därifrån till pylontoppen är tvärsnittet en stålbox (3.5x3.5m). Bron är dimensionerad med materialparameterar enligt Eurokod, där stålkvalitet S355 och Betong C45 har använts. En utförd parameterstudie bekräftar också konceptets genomförbarhet för andra geometrier av kedjeflytbron – där den horisontella reaktionen på snedkabelbron varierar mellan 107MN och 242MN. Parameterstudein bekräftar att både utnyttjandet av tvärsnittskapasiteten och stabiliteten ökar med den horisontella reaktionen från kedjeflytbron. Dessutom konkluderar parameterstudien att bredden 8m mellan pylonbenen minskar lasteffekten på den nedre delen av pylonen och stödreaktionen vid pylonen jämfört med bredden 12m och 18m. Däremot ökar medelutnyttjandet av tvärsnittaskapasiteten för brobalken, kablarna och ståldelen av pylonen för bredden 8m jämfört med 12m eller 18m. En radiell- eller solfjäderformad kabelkonfiguration jämfört med parallellformad design är mer effektiv för kablarna och nedböjning av brobalken. De gör däremot så att den den nedre delen av pylonen får större snittkrafter än för den parallellformade kabelkonfigurationen.
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Larsen, Erin P. "Service life determination of concrete bridge decks and bridge deck overlay systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040315/.
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Nelson, Douglas A. "Investigation of Concrete Mixtures to Reduce Differential Shrinkage Cracking in Composite Bridges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24425.
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The objective of the research presented in this thesis was to develop a concrete bridge deck topping mixture that resists the effects of differential shrinkage by decreasing shrinkage and increasing creep. . In addition, the amount of tensile creep that concrete experiences under long-term tensile stresses were quantified and compared to compressive creep values in order to gain a better understanding of how concrete behaves under tension. Test results show that the amount of tensile creep exceeded compressive creep by a factor of 2-5.
Various shrinkage and creep models were compared against test data in order to quantify results and determine the best model to use for the mixes examined during this research project. Data analysis revealed that the AASHTO time dependent effects (shrinkage and creep) models outperformed the other models used in this research project. Other material property data including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity, and unrestrained shrinkage was also collected to compare against a common bridge deck topping mix to ensure that the mixes used in this research project are suitable for use in the field.
A parametric study utilizing the Age Adjusted Effective Modulus (AAEM) method was performed which showed that the most important factor in reducing tensile stresses was to decrease the amount of shrinkage experienced by the concrete bridge deck topping mixture.
Three concrete mixtures, one included saturated lightweight aggregates (SLWA), one including ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and one incorporating both were tested. Preliminary results show that the inclusions of SLWA into a concrete mixture reduced shrinkage by 25% and overall tensile stress by 38%.<br>Master of Science
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Pebley, Aaron James. "Bending stresses in stay-cables during large-amplitude vibrations a Fred Hartman Bridge case study /." Full-text Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file, 2005. http://www.engr.utexas.edu/research/fsel/FSEL_reports/Thesis/Pebley,%20Aaron.pdf.
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Starzer, Michael. "Optimizing Tor Bridge Distribution." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26543.
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The Onion Router (Tor) is a good way to have privacy and anonymity while using the Internet. However there are several problems it has to deal with, because it is also possible to bypass governmental censorship, which also became goal of the Tor network. By different techniques several governments and other parties who have the capability to, try to block the network completely. One technique is to overwhelm the distribution strategies for bridges – which are an essential part of the Tor network, especially for censored users. Hereby a possible approach for distributing bridges via online social networks (OSN) is presented. It is based on the Proximax distribution but has also the capability to separate and exclude possible adversaries who managed to join the social group. Moreover trustful users get rewarded by a better status and less waiting time for bridges.