Thematische Bibliographien / Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Buchteile
  4. Konferenzberichte

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA)“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA)"

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Barkov, Fedor L., Yuri A. Konstantinov, and Anton I. Krivosheev. "A Novel Method of Spectra Processing for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry." Fibers 8, no. 9 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8090060.

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A new method of Brillouin spectra post-processing, which could be applied in modern distributed optical sensors: Brillouin optical time domain analyzers/reflectometers (BOTDA/BOTDR), has been demonstrated. It operates by means of the correlation analysis performed with special technique («backward-correlation»). It does not need any additional data for time or space averaging and operates with the single spectrum only. We have simulated the method accuracy dependence on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and other parameters. It is shown that the new method produces better results at low SNRs than conventional technique, based on finding of Brillouin spectrum maximum, do. These results are in a good agreement with the experiment. Finally, we have estimated the performance of the new method for its application in polarization-BOTDA set-up for a polarization maintaining (PM) fiber modal birefringence distributed study.
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Fan, Xinyu, Bin Wang, Guangyao Yang, and Zuyuan He. "Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques." Advanced Devices & Instrumentation 2021 (July 14, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9756875.

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Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensing has been regarded as a powerful distributed measurement tool for monitoring the conditions of modern large civil and geotechnical structures, since it provides continuous environmental information (e.g., temperature and strain) along the whole fiber used for sensing applications. In the past few decades, great research efforts were devoted to improve its performance in terms of measurement range, spatial resolution, measurement speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, of which the slope-assisted measurement scheme, achieved by exploiting the linear slope of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), have paved the way for dynamic distributed fiber-optic sensing. In this article, slope-assisted Brillouin-based distributed fiber-optic sensing techniques demonstrated in the past few years will be reviewed, including the slope-assisted Brillouin optical time-domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOTDA/SA-BOTDR), the slope-assisted Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) sensor, and the slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOCDA/SA-BOCDR). Avenues for future research and development of slope-assisted Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors are also prospected.
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Wei, Haoyu, Yongjun Wang, Qiming Wang, et al. "New BFS Retrieval Technique for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Sensor System." Electronics 10, no. 11 (2021): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111334.

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In this paper, Gaussian smoothing (GS), non-local means (NLM), and Quaternion Wavelet Transform (QWT) have been described in detail. Furthermore, a Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) experimental system was built to verify the denoising algorithms. The principal and experimental analyses show that the QWT algorithm is a more efficient image denoising method. The results indicate that the GS algorithm can obtain the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), frequency uncertainty, and Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) accuracy, and can be executed in an imperceptible time, but the GS algorithm has the lowest spatial resolution. After being denoised by using NLM algorithm, although SNR, frequency uncertainty, BFS accuracy, and spatial resolution significantly improved, it takes 40 min to implement the NLM denoising algorithm for a BGS image with 200 × 100,000 points. Processed by the QWT denoising algorithm, although SNR increases to 17.26 dB and frequency uncertainty decreases to 0.24 MHz, a BFS accuracy of only 0.2 MHz can be achieved. Moreover, the spatial resolution is 3 m, which is not affected by the QWT denoising algorithm. It takes less than 32 s to denoise the same raw BGS data. The QWT image denoising technique is suitable for BGS data processing in the BOTDA sensor system.
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Horiguchi, Tsuneo, Yuki Masui, and Mohd Zan. "Analysis of Phase-Shift Pulse Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry." Sensors 19, no. 7 (2019): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071497.

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Distributed strain and temperature can be measured by using local Brillouin backscatter in optical fibers based on the strain and temperature dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift. The technique of analyzing the local Brillion backscatter in the time domain is called Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR). Although the best spatial resolution of classic BOTDR remains at around 1 m, some recent BOTDR techniques have attained as high as cm-scale spatial resolution. Our laboratory has proposed and demonstrated a high-spatial-resolution BOTDR called phase-shift pulse BOTDR (PSP-BOTDR), using a pair of probe pulses modulated with binary phase-shift keying. PSP-BOTDR is based on the cross-correlation of Brillouin backscatter and on the subtraction of cross-correlations obtained from the Brillouin scatterings evoked by each phase-modulated probe pulse. Although PSP-BOTDR has attained 20-cm spatial resolution, the spectral analysis method of PSP-BOTDR has not been discussed in detail. This article gives in-depth analysis of the Brillouin backscatter and the correlations of the backscatters of the PSP-BOTDR. Based on the analysis, we propose new spectral analysis methods for PSP-BOTDR. The analysis and experiments show that the proposed methods give better frequency resolution than before.
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Zhang, Hongying, Dengwang Zhou, Benzhang Wang, et al. "Recent Progress in Fast Distributed Brillouin Optical Fiber Sensing." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101820.

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Brillouin-based optical fiber sensing has been regarded as a good distributed measurement tool for the modern large geometrical structure and the industrial facilities because it can demodulate the distributed environment information (e.g., temperature and strain) along the sensing fiber. Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA), which is an excellent and attractive scheme, has been widely developed thanks to its high performance in a signal-to-noise ratio, a spatial resolution, and sensing distance. However, the sampling rate of the classical BOTDA is severely limited by several factors (especially the serially frequency-sweeping process) so that it cannot be suitable for the quickly distributed measurement. In this work, we summarize some promising breakthroughs about the fast BOTDA, which can be named as an optical frequency comb technique, an optical frequency-agile technique, a slope-assisted technique, and an optical chirp chain technique.
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Azad, Abul Kalam. "Effects of Pump-Pulse Width and Temperature on Experimental Brillouin Gain Spectrum Obtained from Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Sensors." Bangladesh Journal of Physics 27, no. 1 (2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjphy.v27i1.49727.

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In this paper, the characteristics of Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) obtained from a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor are investigated and analyzed experimentally. The measured BGSs obtained for various pump-pulse widths and temperatures are fitted with different spectrum profiles using nonlinear least-squares curve fitting technique. The fitting performances of used profiles are presented and analyzed. Based on such performances, the proper spectrum profile to be used in the fitting process is determined and used to extract key parameters of the measured BGSs accurately. The variations of such key parameters with pump-pulse widths and temperatures are also investigated and analyzed. The results reveal that pump-pulse widths and temperatures have significant effects on the extracted key parameters of the measured BGSs obtained from BOTDA sensors.
 Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 27(1), 69-80, June 2020
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Ismail, Awang, Qurratu Aini binti Siat @ Sirat, Azman bin Kassim, and Hisham bin Mohamad. "Strain and temperature calibration of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensing system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 527 (May 29, 2019): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/527/1/012028.

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Nordin, Nur Dalilla, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan, and Fairuz Abdullah. "Comparative Analysis on the Deployment of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Distributed Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) Fiber Sensor." Photonics 7, no. 4 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040079.

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This paper demonstrates a comparative analysis of five machine learning (ML) algorithms for improving the signal processing time and temperature prediction accuracy in Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) fiber sensor. The algorithms analyzed were generalized linear model (GLM), deep learning (DL), random forest (RF), gradient boosted trees (GBT), and support vector machine (SVM). In this proof-of-concept experiment, the performance of each algorithm was investigated by pairing Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) with its corresponding temperature reading in the training dataset. It was found that all of the ML algorithms have significantly reduced the signal processing time to be between 3.5 and 655 times faster than the conventional Lorentzian curve fitting (LCF) method. Furthermore, the temperature prediction accuracy and temperature measurement precision made by some algorithms were comparable, and some were even better than the conventional LCF method. The results obtained from the experiments would provide some general idea in deploying ML algorithm for characterizing the Brillouin-based fiber sensor signals.
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Pan, Qiuyi, Xincheng Huang, Rui Min, and Weiping Liu. "Fast Frame Synchronization Design and FPGA Implementation in SF-BOTDA." Photonics 7, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7010017.

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To address the issues of high time consumption of frame synchronization involved in a scanning-free Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (SF-BOTDA) system, a fast frame synchronization algorithm based on incremental updating was proposed. In comparison to the standard frame synchronization algorithm, the proposed one significantly reduced the processing time required for the BOTDA system frame synchronization by about 98%. In addition, to further accelerate the real-time performance of frame synchronization, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware implementation architecture based on parallel processing and pipelining mechanisms was also proposed. Compared with the software implementation, it further raised the processing speed by 13.41 times. The proposed approach could lay a foundation for the BOTDA system in the field with the associated high real-time requirements.
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Li, Yi, Ting Wang, Hong Wu Gao, Sheng Yu, Yuan Lin Chen, and Bo Wen An. "Development and Application of Composite Submarine Cable Online Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 552 (June 2014): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.552.139.

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This paper focuses on the design and application of the composite submarine cable online monitoring system based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA). It introduces two concepts of the system: the BOTDA technology and the finite element modeling method. Using ideas of modular design, the team developed the PC software on LabWindows/CVI. At the end of the paper, it describes the application of the online monitoring system, and then analyzes the data returned from the system.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA)"

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Ricchiuti, Amelia Lavinia. "Design and fabrication of customized fiber gratings to improve the interrogation of optical fiber sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/66343.

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[EN] Fiber grating sensors and devices have demonstrated outstanding capabilities in both telecommunications and sensing areas, due to their well-known advantageous characteristics. Therefore, one of the most important motivations lies in the potential of customized fiber gratings to be suitably employed for improving the interrogation process of optical fiber sensors and systems. This Ph.D. dissertation is focused on the study, design, fabrication and performance evaluation of customized fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and long period gratings (LPGs) with the double aim to present novel sensing technologies and to enhance the response of existing sensing systems. In this context, a technique based on time-frequency domain analysis has been studied and applied to interrogate different kind of FBGs-based sensors. The distribution of the central wavelength along the sensing structures has been demonstrated, based on a combination of frequency scanning of the interrogating optical pulse and optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR), allowing the detection of spot events with good performance in terms of measurand resolution. Moreover, different customized FBGs have been interrogated using a technology inspired on the operation principle of microwave photonics (MWP) filters, enabling the detection of spot events using radio-frequency (RF) devices with modest bandwidth. The sensing capability of these technological platforms has been fruitfully employed for implementing a large scale quasi-distributed sensor, based on an array of cascaded FBGs. The potentiality of LPGs as fiber optic sensors has also been investigated in a new fashion, exploiting the potentials of MWP filtering techniques. Besides, a novel approach for simultaneous measurements based on a half-coated LPG has been proposed and demonstrated. Finally, the feasibility of FBGs as selective wavelength filters has been exploited in sensing applications; an alternative approach to improve the response and performance of Brillouin distributed fiber sensors has been studied and validated via experiments. The performance of the reported sensing platforms have been analyzed and evaluated so as to characterize their impact on the fiber sensing field and to ultimately identify the use of the most suitable technology depending on the processing task to be carried out and on the final goal to reach.<br>[ES] Los sensores y dispositivos en fibra basados en redes de difracción han mostrado excepcionales capacidades en el ámbito de las telecomunicaciones y del sensado, gracias a sus excelentes propiedades. Entre las motivaciones más estimulantes destaca la posibilidad de fabricar redes de difracción ad-hoc para implementar y/o mejorar las prestaciones de los sensores fotónicos. Esta tesis doctoral se ha enfocado en el estudio, diseño, fabricación y evaluación de las prestaciones de redes de difracción de Bragg (FBGs) y de redes de difracción de periodo largo (LPGs) personalizadas con el fin de desarrollar nuevas plataformas de detección y a la vez mejorar la respuesta y las prestaciones de los sensores fotónicos ya existentes. En este contexto, una técnica basada en el análisis tiempofrecuencia se ha estudiado e implementado para la interrogación de sensores en fibra basados en varios tipos y modelos de FBGs. Se ha analizado la distribución de la longitud de onda central a lo largo de la estructura de sensado, gracias a una metodología que conlleva el escaneo en frecuencia del pulso óptico incidente y la técnica conocida como reflectometria óptica en el dominio del tiempo (OTDR). De esta manera se ha llevado a cabo la detección de eventos puntuales, alcanzando muy buenas prestaciones en términos de resolución de la magnitud a medir. Además, se han interrogado varias FBGs a través de una técnica basada en el principio de operación de los filtros de fotónica de microondas (MWP), logrando así la detección de eventos puntuales usando dispositivos de radio-frecuencia (RF) caracterizados por un moderado ancho de banda. La capacidad de sensado de estas plataformas tecnológicas ha sido aprovechada para la realización de un sensor quasi-distribuido de gran alcance, formado por una estructura en cascada de muchas FBGs. Por otro lado, se han puesto a prueba las capacidades de las LPGs como sensores ópticos según un enfoque novedoso; para ello se han aprovechados las potencialidades de los filtros de MWP. Asimismo, se ha estudiado y demostrado un nuevo método para medidas simultáneas de dos parámetros, basado en una LPG parcialmente recubierta por una película polimérica. Finalmente, se ha explotado la viabilidad de las FBGs en cuanto al filtrado selectivo en longitud de onda para aplicaciones de sensado; para ello se ha propuesto un sistema alternativo para la mejora de la respuesta y de las prestaciones de sensores ópticos distribuidos basados en el scattering de Brillouin. En conclusión, se han analizado y evaluado las prestaciones de las plataformas de sensado propuestas para caracterizar su impacto en el ámbito de los sistemas de detección por fibra y además identificar el uso de la tecnología más adecuada dependiendo de la tarea a desarrollar y del objetivo a alcanzar.<br>[CAT] Els sensors i dispositius en fibra basats en xarxes de difracció han mostrat excepcionals capacitats en l'àmbit de les telecomunicacions i del sensat, gràcies a les seus excel¿lents propietats. Entre les motivacions més estimulants destaca la possibilitat de fabricar xarxes de difracció ad-hoc per a implementar i/o millorar les prestacions de sensors fotònics. Esta tesi doctoral s'ha enfocat en l'estudi, disseny, fabricació i avaluació de les prestacions de xarxes de difracció de Bragg (FBGs) i de xarxes de difracció de període llarg (LPGs) personalitzades per tal de desenvolupar noves plataformes de detecció i al mateix temps millorar la resposta i les prestacions dels sensors fotònics ja existents. En este context, una tècnica basada en l'anàlisi temps-freqüència s'ha estudiat i implementat per a la interrogació de sensors en fibra basats en diversos tipus i models de FBGs. S'ha analitzat la distribució de la longitud d'ona central al llarg de l'estructura de sensat, gràcies a una metodologia que comporta l'escaneig en freqüència del pols òptic incident i la tècnica coneguda com reflectometria òptica en el domini del temps (OTDR). D'esta manera s'ha dut a terme la detecció d'esdeveniments puntuals, aconseguint molt bones prestacions en termes de resolució de la magnitud a mesurar. A més, s'han interrogat diverses FBGs a través d'una tècnica basada en el principi d'operació dels filtres de fotònica de microones (MWP), aconseguint així la detecció d'esdeveniments puntuals utilitzant dispositius de ràdio-freqüència (RF) caracteritzats per un moderat ample de banda. La capacitat de sensat d'aquestes plataformes tecnològiques ha sigut aprofitada per a la realització d'un sensor quasi-distribuït a llarga escala, format per una estructura en cascada de moltes FBGs. D'altra banda, s'han posat a prova les capacitats de les LPGs com a sensors òptics segons un enfocament nou; per a això s'han aprofitat les potencialitats dels filtres de MWP. Així mateix, s'ha estudiat i demostrat un nou mètode per a mesures simultànies de dos paràmetres, basat en una LPG parcialment recoberta per una pel¿lícula polimèrica. Finalment, s'ha explotat la viabilitat de les FBGs pel que fa al filtrat selectiu en longitud d'ona per a aplicacions de sensat; per això s'ha proposat un sistema alternatiu per a la millora de la resposta i de les prestacions de sensors òptics distribuïts basats en el scattering de Brillouin. S'han analitzat i avaluat les prestacions de les plataformes de sensat propostes per a caracteritzar el seu impacte en l'àmbit dels sistemes de detecció per fibra i a més identificar l'ús de la tecnologia més adequada depenent de la tasca a desenvolupar i de l'objectiu a assolir.<br>Ricchiuti, AL. (2016). Design and fabrication of customized fiber gratings to improve the interrogation of optical fiber sensors [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/66343<br>TESIS<br>Premiado
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Iuliano, Marco. "Studio e caratterizzazione di sensori distribuiti in fibra ottica basati su scattering Brillouin." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13443/.

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Nel presente elaborato si mostra lo studio e la caratterizzazione di sensori distribuiti in fibra ottica (DOFS) basati sulla tecnica Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis. Si presenta una particolare implementazione ai sistemi BOTDA basati sulla modifica del BFRL (Brillouin Fiber Ring Laser) al fine di ottimizzarne la convenzionale configurazione per renderli economicamente vantaggiosi, permettendone un ampio impiego e sviluppo su larga scala. La sorgente BFRL presentata mostra degli adeguati valori di potenza del segnale di probe in uscita, un largo intervallo di modulazione ed una linewidth. Essa permette quindi di ottenere un ottimo valore di risoluzione spaziale di 5 m per una fibra SMF della lunghezza di ~2.6 km, cui corrispondono i relativi valori di risoluzione di temperatura e strain rispettivamente di ~0.5°C e ~10 με.
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Chen, Guan-Hong, and 陳冠宏. "Study and Implement of Optical Brillouin Time-domain Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q2y5y2.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電子工程系<br>106<br>The research history of Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing technology and the key point of time domain system are discussed in this thesis. How Brillouin scattering works, its characteristic parameters,and the relationship between Brillouin frequency shift and Fiber Under Test (FUT) are mentioned as well.By experiments, we found the proper instructions and parameters to comply aBrillouin optical time domain analysis (OBTDA) sensing system. We also analyzed the influence of pulse width on Brillouin gain spectrum based on the data of we obtain from Brillouin scattering system. Firstly, we review the historical process of Brillouin optics and mention the advantages of distributed sensing. We also explain the development and importance of distributed fiber sensing and Brillouin optics. Then the research motivation and thesis structure of this paper are briefly described. The thesis introduces the principle of optical scattering, elastic scattering, Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering, and some prior works are reviewed. Then, the common examples of distributed sensing systems are further explored. Then in this thesis, the BOTDA system architecture is introduced. Note that the system need numerous experimental instruments, so the role of each instrument will be explained. How to interpret the meaning of optical signals and electrical signals is an important issue, and the experiment explores the best basic parameters, and then gradually analyzes the Brillouin gain spectrum, the effect of the Brillouin scattering system pulse width on the Brillouin gain spectrum. We also discuss the pass wavelength and power by the tunable filter, the effects of gain spectrum was studied and analyzed, and finally the entire system operation flow was established. The pulsed light is like a probe in a BOTDA system. When passing through the optical fiber, each point in the area to be tested can feed back the Brillouin gain value achieved in accordance with distributed sensing effect condition. Trying to extend the measurement distance and reduce the part of irregularities, which increases the spatial resolution. Finally, we can observe the sensing effect in a distance of 1.6km, 2km and 10km, and we obtain the spatial resolution of 5m DSF in 2km SMF and 5m DSF in 3.6km SMF.
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Buchteile zum Thema "Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA)"

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Sa, Xingjie, Xianyang Qian, Baisen Li, Cheng Xiong, Bin Zhang, and Wei Sun. "Performance of Probabilistic Non-local Means on the Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3229-5_60.

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Taki, M., M. Soto, F. Di Pasquale, and G. Bolognini. "Differential Pulse-Width Pair Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Employing Raman Amplification and Optical Pulse Coding." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00684-0_48.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA)"

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Lalam, N., W. P. Ng, X. Dai, and H. K. Al-Musawi. "Characterization of Brillouin frequency shift in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA)." In 2015 20th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications - (NOC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/noc.2015.7238625.

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Zornoza, Ander, and Alayn Loayssa. "Low-cost Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) distributed sensor setup." In (EWOFS'10) Fourth European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors, edited by José Luís Santos, Brian Culshaw, José Miguel López-Higuera, and William N. MacPherson. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.866351.

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Voskoboinik, Asher, Alan E. Willner, and Moshe Tur. "Sweep-free Brillouin time-domain analysis (SF-BOTDA) with improved spatial resolution." In OFS2012 22nd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensor, edited by Yanbiao Liao, Wei Jin, David D. Sampson, et al. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.975061.

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Voskoboinik, Asher, Alan E. Willner, and Moshe Tur. "Performance analysis of the sweep-free Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer (SF-BOTDA)." In OFS2014 23rd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, edited by José M. López-Higuera, Julian D. C. Jones, Manuel López-Amo, and José L. Santos. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2059501.

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Zan, Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Bin, Takashi Sasaki, Tsuneo Horiguchi, and Daisuke Uchiyama. "Phase Shift Pulse Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (PSP-BOTDA) employing Dual Golay Codes." In 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccce.2010.5556827.

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Voskoboinik, Asher, Yair Peled, Alan E. Willner, and Moshe Tur. "Fast and distributed dynamic sensing of strain using Sweep-Free Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis (SF-BOTDA)." In Asia Pacific Optical Sensors Conference, edited by John Canning and Gangding Peng. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.914367.

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Lu, Chao. "Detection and Signal Processing Techniques for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) Sensors." In The 7th International Multidisciplinary Conference on Optofluidics 2017. MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/optofluidics2017-04454.

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Bao, Yi, Genda Chen, Weina Meng, Fujian Tang, and Yizheng Chen. "Kilometer-Long Optical Fiber Sensor for Real-Time Railroad Infrastructure Monitoring to Ensure Safe Train Operation." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5653.

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This study is aimed to develop a real-time safety monitoring of kilometer-long joint rails using a distributed fiber optic sensor. The sensor measures the distribution of Brillouin frequency shift along its length with pulse pre-pump Brillouin optical time domain analysis (PPP-BOTDA). The measurement distance and spatial resolution can be up to 25 km and 2 cm, respectively. The fiber optic sensor was first characterized and calibrated for distributed strain and temperature measurement, and then instrumented on a small-scale joint rail-like specimen in laboratory. The specimen was loaded at room temperature, and its strain distribution along the sensor was measured using a Neubrescope with high accuracy and spatial resolution. Given a gage length, the joint open change was determined and visibly identified from the measured strain distribution. Finally, an implementation plan of distributed sensors on a railway is introduced, including sensor deployment, sensor repair when broken, and cost analysis. The gage length at a crack is an important parameter in sensor deployment and investigated using finite element analysis. The results indicate that the distributed sensor can be used successfully to monitor the strain and temperature distributions in joint rails.
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Thévenaz, Luc, and Zhisheng Yang. "Closed-loop Controlled Brillouin Optical Time-domain Analysis." In Specialty Optical Fibers. OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sof.2018.sow3h.1.

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Yang, Zhisheng, Marcelo A. Soto, and Luc Thevenaz. "Closed-loop Controlled Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis." In 2017 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2017.8346103.

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