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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)"
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Wijnands, K. P. J., S. A. Obermann-Borst, E. J. G. Sijbrands, M. F. Wildhagen, W. A. Helbing und R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen. „Cardiovascular diseases in grandparents and the risk of congenital heart diseases in grandchildren“. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 5, Nr. 2 (19.02.2014): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174414000026.
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Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with both adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) and having a child with a congenital heart disease (CHD). We investigated associations between CVD in grandparents and the risk of CHD in grandchildren. In a case–control family study, we obtained detailed questionnaire information on CVD and CHD in 247 families with a CHD child and 203 families without a CHD child. Grandparents with CVD or intermittent claudication (IC) were significantly associated with an increased risk for CHD in grandchildren [OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.03–1.89) and OR 2.77 (95% CI 1.02–7.56), respectively]. The risk of CHD grandchildren was particularly increased in paternal grandfathers with CVD [OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.01–3.37)]. Overall, having a grandparent with CVD increased the risk for CHD in the grandchild by 1.65 (95% CI 1.12–2.41). After adjustment for potential maternal confounders, this risk was 1.44 (95% CI 0.94–2.21). Having two or more grandparents with CVD was associated with an approximately threefold risk for CHD grandchildren [OR adjusted 2.72 (95% CI 1.08–6.89)]. Our data suggest that CVD and IC in grandparents are associated with an increased risk of having a CHD grandchild. These first findings may be explained by shared causality of derangements in metabolic pathways and are in line with the fetal origins of health and disease.
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Shan, Wenxin, Hongtu Cui, Yangkai Xu, Jing Xue und Lemin Zheng. „Succinate metabolism in cardiovascular diseases“. Global Translational Medicine 1, Nr. 2 (19.09.2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/gtm.v1i2.160.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a class of diseases related to the heart or blood vessels that have high global incidence. Succinate is generally considered an important intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Recent studies have shown that succinate is related to the pathophysiology of CVD, such as atherosclerosis, acute aortic dissection, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. It may represent a potential target or biomarker for CVD. It has been demonstrated that succinate not only participates in various energy metabolic pathways but also plays an important role in various pathophysiological activities as a signaling molecule. Given the significance of metabolism in CVD, it is important to focus on the metabolic regulation mechanism of succinate in CVD. This review outlines the latest evidence pointing to the potential role of succinate in CVD, along with its mechanisms, and updates the current understanding on the role of succinate in CVD. Further studies may focus on identifying succinate, its receptor, and its downstream signaling molecules as new targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Sileno, Sara, Sara Beji, Marco D’Agostino, Alessandra Carassiti, Guido Melillo und Alessandra Magenta. „microRNAs involved in psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases“. Vascular Biology 3, Nr. 1 (29.06.2021): R49—R68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/vb-21-0007.
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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin. Both genetic and environmental factors play a pathogenic role in psoriasis and contribute to the severity of the disease. Psoriasis, in fact, has been associated with different comorbidities such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal or kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). Indeed, life expectancy in severe psoriasis is reduced by up to 5 years due to CVD and CeVD. Moreover, patients with severe psoriasis have a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension. Further, systemic inflammation is associated with oxidative stress increase and induces endothelial damage and atherosclerosis progression. Different miRNA have been already described in psoriasis, both in the skin tissues and in the blood flow, to play a role in the progression of disease. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the most important miRNAs that play a role in psoriasis and are also linked to CVD.
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Chaulin, Aleksey M., und Dmitry V. Duplyakov. „Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases“. Hygiene and sanitation 100, Nr. 3 (16.04.2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-223-228.
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Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.
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Dabravolski, Siarhei A., Victoria A. Khotina, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Vladislav A. Kalmykov, Liudmila M. Mikhaleva und Alexander N. Orekhov. „The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 2 (16.01.2022): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020952.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) mutations are known to participate in the development and progression of some CVD. Moreover, specific types of mitochondria-mediated CVD have been discovered, such as MIEH (maternally inherited essential hypertension) and maternally inherited CHD (coronary heart disease). Maternally inherited mitochondrial CVD is caused by certain mutations in the mtDNA, which encode structural mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial tRNA. In this review, we focus on recently identified mtDNA mutations associated with CVD (coronary artery disease and hypertension). Additionally, new data suggest the role of mtDNA mutations in Brugada syndrome and ischemic stroke, which before were considered only as a result of mutations in nuclear genes. Moreover, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA involvement in the development of the disease.
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Silva Junior, Delcio G. „Cardiovascular Disorders in Autoimmune Disease“. Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 2, Nr. 2 (12.11.2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/015.
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The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. However, in certain clinical conditions, traditional risk factors seem not to fully explain the incidence of CVD. Coronary artery disease and early atherosclerosis in young women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are one of the best examples of how chronic inflammatory diseases can affect individuals who are normally poorly exposed to traditional risk factors. Even with the plurality of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatologic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and SLE encephalopathy, uveitis in spondyloarthritis, or as Achalasia in scleroderma, attention is being paid to the frequent cardiovascular system involvement in these patients, especially in the vascular territory
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Agarwal, Shashi. „Depression and Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 8, Nr. 03 (28.03.2021): 5302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v8i03.08.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Besides imparting enormous human suffering and enhancing premature mortality, they also inflict huge direct and indirect financial costs on the worldwide society. With the easier availability of affordable therapeutics globally, and the relatively paucity of newer innovations, modifiable risk factors are gaining greater importance in the management of this cardiovascular epidemic. Depression is a modifiable risk factor. It is consistently and strongly associated with a higher risk of CVD incidence and mortality. CVD on the other hand, often induces the development of depression. This paper reviews the effects of depression on cardiovascular diseases.
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Cazzola, Mario, Paola Rogliani, Josuel Ora, Luigino Calzetta und Maria Gabriella Matera. „Cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic airway diseases: mutual pharmacological interferences“. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 14 (Januar 2023): 204062232311715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223231171556.
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Chronic airway diseases (CAD), mainly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are frequently associated with different comorbidities. Among them, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose problems for the simultaneous treatment of CAD and comorbidity. Indeed, there is evidence that some drugs used to treat CAD negatively affect comorbidity, and, conversely, some drugs used to treat comorbidity may aggravate CAD. However, there is also growing evidence of some beneficial effects of CAD drugs on comorbidities and, conversely, of the ability of some of those used to treat comorbidity to reduce the severity of lung disease. In this narrative review, we first describe the potential cardiovascular risks and benefits for patients using drugs to treat CAD and the potential lung risks and benefits for patients using drugs to treat CVD. Then, we illustrate the possible negative and positive effects on T2DM of drugs used to treat CAD and the potential negative and positive impact on CAD of drugs used to treat T2DM. The frequency with which CAD and CVD or T2DM are associated requires not only considering the effect that drugs used for one disease condition may have on the other but also providing an opportunity to develop therapies that simultaneously favorably impact both diseases.
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Liu, Yu-Jie, Meng-Yuan Miao, Jia-Min Wang, Quan Tang, Wen-Wen Han, Yi-Ping Jia, Hao-Wei Tao et al. „Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Never-Smoking Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus“. Nutrients 15, Nr. 18 (08.09.2023): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15183910.
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The relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes-related vascular complications remains unclear. To eliminate confounding by smoking, this study assessed the relationships of coffee consumption with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular disease (MVD) in never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Included were 9964 never-smokers with T2DM from the UK Biobank without known CVD or cancer at baseline (7781 were free of MVD). Participants were categorized into four groups according to daily coffee consumption (0, 0.5–1, 2–4, ≥5 cups/day). CVD included coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). MVD included retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of total CVD and MVD and the component outcomes associated with coffee consumption. During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 1860 cases of CVD and 1403 cases of MVD were identified. Coffee intake was nonlinearly and inversely associated with CVD (P-nonlinearity = 0.023) and the component outcomes. Compared with no coffee intake, HRs (95% CIs) associated with a coffee intake of 2 to 4 cups/day were 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) for CVD, 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) for CHD, 0.73 (0.57, 0.92) for MI, 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) for stroke, and 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) for HF. Higher coffee intake (≥5 cups/day) was not significantly associated with CVD outcomes. Coffee intake was linearly and inversely associated with risk of CKD (HR for ≥5 vs. 0 cups/day = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; P-trend = 0.0029) but was not associated with retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Among never-smoking individuals with T2DM, moderate coffee consumption (2–4 cups/day) was associated with a lower risk of various CVD outcomes and CKD, with no adverse associations for higher consumption.
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Xi, Huiming, Qingxin Kang und Xunsheng Jiang. „Machine learning-based risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic lung diseases“. Medicine 104, Nr. 10 (07.03.2025): e41672. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000041672.
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The association between chronic lung diseases (CLDs) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively recognized. Nevertheless, conventional approaches for CVD risk evaluation cannot fully capture the risk factors (RFs) related to CLDs. This research sought to construct a CLD-specific CVD risk prediction model based on machine learning models and evaluate the prediction performance. The cross-sectional study design was adopted with data retrieved from Waves 1 and 3 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 1357 participants. Multiple RFs were integrated into the models, including conventional RFs for CVDs, pulmonary function indicators, physical features, and measures of quality of life and psychological state. Four machine learning algorithms, including extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine, were evaluated for prediction performance. The XGBoost model displayed superior performance to machine learning algorithms for predictive accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.788, accuracy: 0.716, sensitivity: 0.615, specificity: 0.803). This model pinpointed the top 5 RFs for CLD-specific CVD RFs: body mass index, age, C-reactive protein, uric acid, and grip strength. Moreover, the prediction performance of the random forest model (AUC: 0.709, accuracy: 0.633) was higher relative to the logistic regression (AUC: 0.619, accuracy: 0.584) and support vector machine (AUC: 0.584, accuracy: 0.548) models. Nonetheless, these models performed less favorably compared to the XGBoost model. The XGBoost model presented the most accurate predictions for CLD-specific CVD risk. This multidimensional risk assessment approach offers a promising avenue for the establishment of personalized prevention strategies targeting CVD in patients with CLDs.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)"
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Tan, Zhen. „Low noise heart sound acquisition in wearable system for individual-centered CVD diagnosis“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691773.
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ANGIUS, GIANMARCO. „Electronic devices and systems for monitoring of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266006.
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Diabetes is a serious chronic disease which causes a high rate of morbidity and mortality all
over the world. In 2007, more than 246 million people suffered from diabetes worldwide
and unfortunately the incidence of diabetes is increasing at alarming rates. The number of
people with diabetes is expected to double within the next 25 years due to a combination of
population ageing, unhealthy diets, obesity and sedentary lifestyles. It can lead to blindness,
heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, amputations and nerve damage. In women, diabetes
can cause problems during pregnancy and make it more likely for the baby to be born with
birth defects. Moreover, statistical analysis shows that 75% of diabetic patients die
prematurely of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The absolute risk of cardiovascular disease in
patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is lower than that in patients with type 2
(non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, in part because of their younger age and the lower
prevalence of CVD risk factors, and in part because of the different pathophysiology of the
two diseases. Unfortunately, about 9 out of 10 people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
For these reasons, cardiopathes and diabetic patients need to be frequently monitored and
in some cases they could easily perform at home the requested physiological measurements
(i.e. glycemia, heart rate, blood pressure, body weight, and so on) sending the measured
data to the care staff in the hospital. Several researches have been presented over the last
years to address these issues by means of digital communication systems. The largest part of
such works uses a PC or complex hardware/software systems for this purpose. Beyond the
cost of such systems, it should be noted that they can be quite accessible by relatively young
people but the same does not hold for elderly patients more accustomed to traditional
equipments for personal entertainment such as TV sets.
Wearable devices can permit continuous cardiovascular monitoring both in clinical settings
and at home. Benefits may be realized in the diagnosis and treatment of a number of major
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diseases. In conjunction with appropriate alarm algorithms, they can increase surveillance
capabilities for CVD catastrophe for high-risk subjects. Moreover, they could play an
important role in the wireless surveillance of people during hazardous operations (military,
fire-fighting, etc.) or during sport activities.
For patients with chronic cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure, home monitoring
employing wearable device and tele-home care systems may detect exacerbations in very
early stages or at dangerous levels that necessitate an emergency room visit and an
immediate hospital admission.
Taking into account mains principles for the design of good wearable devices and friendly
tele-home care systems, such as safety, compactness, motion and other disturbance
rejection, data storage and transmission, low power consumption, no direct doctor
supervision, it is imperative that these systems are easy to use and comfortable to wear for
long periods of time.
The aim of this work is to develop an easy to use tele-home care system for diabetes and
cardiovascular monitoring, well exploitable even by elderly people, which are the main
target of a telemedicine system, and wearable devices for long term measuring of some
parameters related to sleep apnoea, heart attack, atrial fibrillation and deep vein
thrombosis. Since set-top boxes for Digital Video Broadcast Terrestrial (DVB-T) are in simple computers
with their Operating System, a Java Virtual Machine, a modem for the uplink connection and
a set of standard ports for the interfacing with external devices, elderly, diabetics and
cardiopathes could easily send their self-made exam to the care staff placed elsewhere.
The wearable devices developed are based on the well known photopletysmographic
method which uses a led source/detector pair applied on the skin in order to obtain a
biomedical signal related to the volume and percentage of oxygen in blood. Such devices
investigate the possibility to obtain more information to those usually obtained by this
technique (heart rate and percentage of oxygen saturation) in order to discover new
algorithms for the continuous and remote or in ambulatory monitoring and screening of
sleep apnoea, heart attack, atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis.
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HANTIKAINEN, ESSI MARJATTA. „DIETARY NON ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES – AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/263728.
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ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world. A diet containing high amounts of plant-based foods has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effect has been attributed to the antioxidants found in the foods. However, findings from randomized controlled trials on the role of antioxidant supplementation have been disappointing, reporting null results or even harmful effects. It has been suggested that antioxidants interact with each other to promote cardiovascular health. Therefore, the Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) assay has been proposed, which measures the antioxidant potential of different dietary sources considering interactions between them.
This thesis aimed to further clarify the effect of dietary antioxidants on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, with particular interest in measuring NEAC from diet. The specific aims were to prospectively study whether dietary NEAC is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure in subjects free from CVD or cancer. Four studies were conducted using data from two large Swedish cohorts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
In the Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort (n = 45,882), a higher baseline dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p for trend < 0.05) and heart failure (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.93; p for trend < 0.05) in young to middle aged women, whereas no association was found between dietary NEAC and stroke. In the Swedish National March Cohort (n = 34,543), dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of overall (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; p for trend < 0.05) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.92; p for trend < 0.05), but not with fatal myocardial infarction. The association seemed to further be stronger in women compared to men.
To conclude, these findings support the hypothesis that a diet with high NEAC might protect from the development of myocardial infarction and heart failure and that the beneficial effect might be exerted through interactions between antioxidants. Whether this is true for stroke needs to be further investigated. Nevertheless, it is suggested to implement high amounts of antioxidant rich foods and beverages, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and tea, in the daily diet to lower the burden of cardiovascular diseases.ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world. A diet containing high amounts of plant-based foods has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effect has been attributed to the antioxidants found in the foods. However, findings from randomized controlled trials on the role of antioxidant supplementation have been disappointing, reporting null results or even harmful effects. It has been suggested that antioxidants interact with each other to promote cardiovascular health. Therefore, the Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) assay has been proposed, which measures the antioxidant potential of different dietary sources considering interactions between them. This thesis aimed to further clarify the effect of dietary antioxidants on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, with particular interest in measuring NEAC from diet. The specific aims were to prospectively study whether dietary NEAC is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure in subjects free from CVD or cancer. Four studies were conducted using data from two large Swedish cohorts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort (n = 45,882), a higher baseline dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p for trend < 0.05) and heart failure (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.93; p for trend < 0.05) in young to middle aged women, whereas no association was found between dietary NEAC and stroke. In the Swedish National March Cohort (n = 34,543), dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of overall (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; p for trend < 0.05) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.92; p for trend < 0.05), but not with fatal myocardial infarction. The association seemed to further be stronger in women compared to men. To conclude, these findings support the hypothesis that a diet with high NEAC might protect from the development of myocardial infarction and heart failure and that the beneficial effect might be exerted through interactions between antioxidants. Whether this is true for stroke needs to be further investigated. Nevertheless, it is suggested to implement high amounts of antioxidant rich foods and beverages, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and tea, in the daily diet to lower the burden of cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang, Jingyu, und 张京煜. „A study on the perceptions and behaviour on smoking cessation among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalized in a smoke-free hospital in Beijing, China“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085532.
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Andersson, Per. „Predicting Health Behaviour – Population-Based Studies of Knowledge and Behaviour Related to Cardiovascular Diseases“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7200.
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Al-Saeed, Eman. „A mixed methods study of the feasibility and acceptability of an opportunistic community pharmacy based CVD risk assessment service in Alexandria, Egypt“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709157.
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Deniz, Nathalie. „Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease in theMiddle East“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14691.
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The purpose of this study was to compare between ethnicities if there is a difference in survival and treatment when it comes to cardiovascular diseases in the Middle East. To find out if there is a difference 28 articles was selected for inclusion, both qualitative and quantitative studies. Searches were made in the databases Medline, PubMed, Google and Google Scholar.The results showed that it is possible that there are differences in mortality and morbidity between ethnicities affected by cardiovascular disease. These may be due to differences in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance in diabetes and other risks such as C-reactive protein in the blood plasma which is normally excreted in inflammation in the body and also adiponectin, which is a hormone found in fat tissue whose secretion is diminished in people who have diabetes. But studies saying that a difference does exist are too few and the need for more and larger studies is needed. It may also be that not all ethnicities are as benefited from current treatments available against cardiovascular diseases for example beta-blockers. The conclusion of this study is that more research in this area is needed as well as more comprehensive studies regarding public health in the Middle East.Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra mellan etniska grupper om det finns en skillnad i överlevnad och behandling när det gäller hjärt-och kärlsjukdomar i Mellanöstern. För att ta reda på det har 28 artiklar valts ut efter inklusionskriterierna, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna Medline, Pubmed, Google and Google Scholar.Resultatet visade på att det sannolikt finns skillnader i dödlighet samt sjuklighet mellan etniciteter som drabbats av hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Dessa kan bero på skillnader i abdominal fetma, insulin resistens vid diabetes och andra risker så som C-reaktivt protein som finns i blodplasman och i vanliga fall utsöndras vid inflammationer i kroppen och adiponectin som är ett hormon som finns i fettvävnaden vars utsöndring är sämre hos personer som har diabetes. Dock är studierna som visar på skillnader alldeles för få, det behövs fler och större undersökningar inom detta område. Denna litteratur översikt visar också att det även kan vara så att inte alla etniciteter gynnas av dagens behandlingar som finns mot hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar som t ex Betablockerare. Slutsatsen i denna studie är att mer forskning inom ämnet behövs samt fler övergripande studier gällande folkhälsan i Mellanöstern.
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Mathe, Nonsikelelo. „Adisposity and CVD risk factors : a comparison between ethnicities“. Thesis, Bucks New University, 2010. http://bucks.collections.crest.ac.uk/9624/.
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Background: The prevalence of overweight, obesity and obesity-related disease, mainly cardiovascular disease (CVD), is increasing in both developed and developing countries. Ethnic differences have been reported in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and CVD. However, measures used to define overweight and obesity, and identify increased risk of CVD were developed and validated in predominately Caucasian populations in developed countries. Consequently, these measures may not accurately define disease risk in all population groups. Therefore the specific aims of this programme of study were: 1. To establish the relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in different ethnic groups. 2. To identify field measures of adiposity, relating to cardiovascular risk in different ethnic groups. 3. To compare the relationship of adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in a single ethnic group, that of a rural and an urban population in Zimbabwe. 4. To identify risk factors for CVD related to adiposity in a population of African origin. Study design: Three empirical studies were undertaken. In study one, 312 adult subjects from three ethnic groups (Afro-Caribbean (n=106), Caucasian (n=165) and South Asian (n=41)) were recruited from a University. Twenty-six (26) of each group were individually matched for age (±3 years) gender and BMI (±2 kg/m2) to allow for comparability. Measures of body composition included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfold thickness measures, body density and percentagebody fat. In study two, 81 subjects from two ethnic groups (Afro-Caribbean (n=39) and Caucasian (n=42)) were recruited and tested. They were matched for age, gender and BMI using the same criteria as study one. In addition to the body composition measures taken in study one, random non-fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were taken. In study three, 55 men and 108 women from rural Zimbabwe, 8 men and 17 women from an urban low-density suburb in Harare Zimbabwe, and 28 male and 16 female students from the University of Zimbabwe were recruited and tested. In addition to all measures of body composition in studies one and metabolic analysis in study two, participants’ dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 24hour recall and physical activity was assessed by a physical activity questionnaire. Main findings: • The relationship between BMI and %BF was not the same in all ethnic groups. (aim 1) • There were ethnic differences in the cardiovascular risk predictors between Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian men and women. (aim 1) • It is not recommended that BIA is used as a substitute for TBW estimation in multi-compartment models. (aim 2) • In three groups of Zimbabweans from urban, rural and university locations, a pattern emerged. Amongst women, urban women were at greatest risk, reporting highest values for all variables, followed by rural then university women. Amongst men, urban men were at highest risk, however there were few differences between rural and university men. (aim 3). • Finally, increased WC and dyslipidemia are associated with increasing BMI in populations of African origin. (aim 4) Conclusions: The relationships between overweight, obesity and risk of obesity-related disease differ between different ethnic groups. Moreover, in the groups from Zimbabwe, differences in obesity-related risk were associated with being female and living in urban areas. Therefore, application of universal measures for defining obesity and related diseases may not be applicable to all ethnic groups.
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Saleem, Afsah. „Machine learning for computer-aided diagnostics from complex medical images“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2025. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2927.
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Machine learning has significantly transformed medical image analysis in the current age of artificial intelligence offering vast potential in improving disease diagnosis and management. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading cause of global mortality, emphasizing the need for early detection for effective intervention and prevention. Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) is an early indicator and contributor to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (ASCVDs) and is commonly assessed through imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), X-rays, and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Among these, lateral spine DXA scans, commonly used for osteoporosis screening, offer a cost-effective and low-radiation opportunity for opportunistic CVD risk assessment. Despite advancements in medical imaging technologies, AAC evaluation still relies on manual interpretation by trained clinicians, a process that is labor-intensive, subjective, and prone to variability. Automating the process of AAC quantification can address these challenges and enable consistent, early screening for CVD risk.
This research presents robust machine-learning frameworks for the automated and accurate prediction of the AAC-24 score and its classification into relevant risk classes (low, moderate, and high). First, we explore deep feature ensembling methods to develop a deep feature fusion network for AAC-4 scoring using regression loss. However, its performance was limited by class ambiguities from inter-class similarities, intra-class variations, and low resolution VFA DXA artifacts. To mitigate this problem, we formulate AAC-24 scoring as an ordinal regression problem and propose a novel supervised contrastive ordinal learning (SCOL) framework. SCOL leverages a label-dependent distance metric to capture the ordinal nature of AAC labels. Using SCOL, we develop a Dual-encoder Contrastive Ordinal Learning (DCOL) framework to learn contrastive ordinal representation at global and local levels, improving feature separability and class diversity in the latent space among the AAC-24 categories. Clinical validation demonstrated a strong association between ML-AAC-24 scores and ASCVD risk, with substantial agreement between ML predictions and expert assessments. To enhance generalizability across different imaging modalities, SCOL framework is further explored for lateral spine X-rays via cross-domain fine-tuning, enhancing its utility in diverse clinical settings.
To strengthen this work on highly imbalanced disease grading medical datasets, a prototype-based learning approach is incorporated within the SCOL framework to develop a generic disease grading system. The framework is evaluated on public datasets for diabetic retinopathy grading and breast cancer staging, demonstrating its ability to learn robust, ordinal-aware prototypes that generalize across diverse medical imaging tasks. Additionally, to enhance the interpretability and reliability of automated systems in clinical diagnosis, we develop a context-aware ordinal learning framework for granular-level AAC-24 scoring. We address the challenges of SCOl in handling class imbalance for ordinal regression tasks and introduce SCOL+. We explore SCOL+ in a multi-label setting to determine the extent of calcification in each section of the aorta to aid clinicians in making detailed and interpretable diagnoses.
In this thesis, the AAC algorithms are developed using five large clinical datasets obtained from machines with different manufactures, including patients from Australia, Canada, and the United States, spanning both male and female patients. In conclusion, as DXA scans are commonly captured in various clinical scenarios, this research offers a novel and opportunistic approach to cardiovascular disease detection and monitoring in clinical practice, potentially revolutionizing the way we approach CVD risk screening.
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Lymbury, Robyn S. „Cardiovascular Disease, Antioxidant Enzyme Systems, and Selenium“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367925.
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Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, representing 30 % of all deaths in 2005. The prevalence of CVD is predicted to increase steadily over the coming years and this has been attributed to a number of factors including an increase in overall life expectancy, as well as a projected increase in the number of people with common risk factors. As in most developed countries, Australia is experiencing a rise in the proportion of aged population, with current predictions estimating that by 2051, the number of people aged 65 years and over will increase from the current 2.5 million to 7.2 million. This is of particular concern considering the strong correlation between CVD risk and age.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lowered antioxidant status have been heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of several CVD states including hypertension, vascular disease, ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. Deficiencies in the essential micronutrient, selenium (Se), have been associated with an increased incidence and a worse prognosis of a range of CVDs. The biological function of Se is mediated through the selenoproteins, of which 35 have been identified to date. Although the selenoproteins have been implicated in multiple metabolic pathways, they are primarily recognised for their role in endogenous antioxidant defence. This thesis aimed to further evaluate the significance of Se and the selenoenzyme antioxidant systems in CVD pathogenesis and prevention, with particular emphasis on the Se status of the Australian population...Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Bücher zum Thema "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)"
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World Health Organization. Cardiovascular Disease Programme., Hrsg. WHO CVD-risk management package for low- and medium-resource settings. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002.
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Banerjee, Amitava, und Kaleab Asrress. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Herausgegeben von Patrick Davey und David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0086.
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The most prevalent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are atherosclerotic, affecting all arterial territories. Epidemiologic studies such as the Framingham and INTERHEART studies have firmly established the commonest or ‘traditional’ risk factors for CVD; namely, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and a family history of CVD. The ‘risk-factors approach’ to CVD looks at these factors, individually and in combination, in the causation of disease. The complex causation pathways involve interplay of individual factors, whether genetic or environmental. More recently, there has been increasing interest in ‘epigenetics’ or the way in which the environment interacts with genes in the process underlying CVD. This chapter presents an analysis of the traditional and novel risk factors for CVD.
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Almedawar, Mohamad M., Richard C. Siow und Henning Morawietz. MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers in depression, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789284.003.0003.
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Diabetic, depressive, and cardiovascular disorders are leading causes of morbidity. In diabetics, symptoms of depression are associated with increased clinical complications. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The vascular depression hypothesis suggests that CVD can increase the risk of depression or exacerbate depression-related conditions. Several studies found a strong correlation between depression and pre-existing vascular disease and vice versa. Recent studies implicate microvascular dysfunction in the pathophysiology of depression and CVD. In addition, microRNAs are potent regulators of gene expression in physiological and pathophysiological processes affecting the microcirculation. We propose an interaction between diabetes mellitus, depression, and CVD involving changes in microcirculation and microRNA expression. Hence, studies are warranted to develop novel microRNA therapeutics and biomarkers to identify diabetic patients at increased risk of developing clinical complications of depression.
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Bhopal, Raj S. Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198833246.001.0001.
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, collectively cardiovascular disease (CVD), are caused by narrowing and blockage of the arteries supplying the heart and brain, respectively. In type 2 diabetes (DM2) insulin is insufficient to maintain normal blood glucose. South Asians have high susceptibility to these diseases. Drawing upon the scientific literature and discussions with 22 internationally recognized scholars, this book focuses on causal explanations and their implications for prevention and research. Genetically based hypotheses are considered together with the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHAD) family of hypotheses. The book then considers how CHD, stroke, and DM2 are closely linked to rising affluence and the accompanying changes in life-expectancy and lifestyles. The established causal factors are shown to be insufficient, though necessary, parts of a convincing explanation for the excess of DM2 and CVD in South Asians. In identifying new explanations, this book emphasizes glycation of tissues, possibly leading to arterial stiffness and microcirculatory damage. In addition to endothelial pathways to atherosclerosis an external (adventitial) one is proposed, i.e. microcirculatory damage to the network of arterioles that nourish the coronary arteries. In addition to the ectopic fat in their liver and pancreas as the cause of beta cell dysfunction leading to DM2, additional ideas are proposed, i.e. microcirculatory damage. The high risk of CVD and DM2 in urbanizing South Asians is not inevitable, innate or genetic, or acquired in early life and programmed in a fixed way. Rather, exposure to risk factors in childhood, adolescence, and most particularly in adulthood is the key. The challenge to produce focused, low cost, effective actions, underpinned by clear, simple, and accurate explanations of the causes of the phenomenon is addressed.
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Uddandrao, V. V. Sathibabu, und Parim Brahma Naidu, Hrsg. Advancements in Cardiovascular Research and Therapeutics: Molecular and Nutraceutical Perspectives. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150508371220101.
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This reference summarizes recent advancements in knowledge about cardiovascular disease and pharmacology. The goal of the book is to inform readers about recent findings on cardiovascular therapeutics and how to conduct experiments to evaluate natural products. It presents 10 chapters that cover basic clinical research on cardiovascular diseases and therapeutic agents derived from natural sources. The book concludes with a series of experiments that demonstrate the methods to test the ameliorative effects of 3 phytochemicals: Biochanin A (red clover), Zingiberene (ginger oil) and Betaine (sugar beet). Key Features - 10 chapters that highlight recent research cardiovascular medicine and pharmacology - Covers knowledge about basic cardiovascular physiology, congestive heart failure treatment and the treatment of heart inflammation. - Covers uses, benefits, and drawbacks of numerous rodent and non-rodent animal models for studying CVD - Updates readers about 21st-century CRISPR-cas9 technology and its uses in CVD. - Covers the significance of Indian Ayurvedic techniques on the cardiovascular system, - Covers information about nutraceuticals for CVD therapy - Includes experiments to evaluate 3 phytochemicals for the treatment of different heart diseases such as hypertension, obesity-cardiomyopathy and the mitigation of inflammatory cytokines in myocardial infarction. This book is an informative resource for cardiologists, and researchers working in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology. It also helps readers to understand the benefits of herbal medications that are commonly available for consumption in homes.
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Tubaro, Marco, Pascal Vranckx, Susanna Price, Christiaan Vrints und Eric Bonnefoy, Hrsg. The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care. 3. Aufl. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849346.001.0001.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of premature death worldwide and a cause of loss of disability-adjusted life years. For most types of CVD early diagnosis and intervention are independent drivers of patient outcome. Clinicians must be properly trained and centres appropriately equipped in order to deal with these critically ill cardiac patients. This new updated edition of the textbook continues to comprehensively approach all the different issues relating to intensive and acute cardiovascular care and addresses all those involved in intensive and acute cardiac care, not only cardiologists but also critical care specialists, emergency physicians and healthcare professionals. The chapters cover the various acute cardiovascular diseases that need high quality intensive treatment as well as organisational issues, cooperation among professionals, and interaction with other specialities in medicine.
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Goldsmith, David J. Cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Herausgegeben von David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0098.
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Even after as full a statistical adjustment as can be made for traditional cardiovascular risk factors has been undertaken, impaired kidney function and raised concentrations of albumin in urine each increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by two- to fourfold, the degree increasing with severity. If the patient is also suffering from diabetes (as either the cause of CKD or a complication of it), the risks of CVD increase two- to fourfold again. CKD patients should, therefore, be acknowledged as having perhaps the highest cardiovascular risk of any patient cohort. CVD is underdiagnosed and undertreated in these patients. In early CKD the manifestations of CVD are similar to those of other patients. In late CKD and particularly in patients on dialysis the epidemiology is different. Left ventricular hypertrophy is very common and sudden cardiac death is greatly increased in incidence. Heart failure is a common complication. Calcification of valves and vessels becomes increasingly common and bad CVD outcomes are associated with hyperphosphataemia and other manifestations. The mechanisms by which risks are increased are not fully understood. The evidence base for the effectiveness of established therapies for CVD is relatively light in patients with CKD, but there is evidence for benefit of lipid-lowering therapies and most nephrologists believe that blood pressure and volume control are important for good long-term outcomes. Evidence of impact on CVD of interventions to alter mineral bone disease is disappointingly weak.
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Price, Susanna, Marco Tubaro, Pascal Vranckx und Christiaan Vrints. Intensive and acute cardiac care: an introduction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0001.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of premature death worldwide and an important cause of loss of disability-adjusted life years. For most types of CVD, early diagnosis and intervention are independent drivers of patient outcome. Clinicians must be properly trained and centers appropriately equipped in order to deal with these critically ill cardiac patients. The textbook explores the intricate nature of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care and provides assistance for diagnosis and preventive care across the multitude of cardiovascular diseases.
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Thomas, Gregory S., L. Samuel Wann und Myrvin H. Ellestad, Hrsg. Ellestad's Stress Testing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.001.0001.
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The 6th edition of the textbook Ellestad’s Stress Testing: Principles and Practice was written for the new and veteran clinician alike performing stress testing. Thoroughly updated, referenced and interspersed with case examples, the book reviews how to get the most out exercise testing, without and with ancillary imaging. In addition to evaluation of ST segment depression, other powerful tools to detect ischemia and forecast the future are reviewed to increase the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic ability of exercise testing. The recognition and significance of exercise induced arrhythmias and conduction defects are examined. When to convert to pharmacologic stress or add ancillary imaging, including myocardial perfusion imaging, echocardiography, coronary calcium scoring, and magnetic reference imaging are reviewed. The use of stress testing in the management of obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, peripheral vascular disease, congenital heart and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is examined. Options to optimize the diagnostic capabilities of exercise and other diagnostic testing for women are highlighted. Strategic use of exercise testing in the face of a decreasing burden of CAD in the developed world, as well as the opportunity to rely on exercise testing as the first test to evaluate CVD in the developing world, are reviewed. The fundamentals of exercise physiology and myocardial ischemia that serve as the foundation for exercise testing in health and disease are explained.
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Wohl, David A., und Jeffrey T. Kirchner. Cardiovascular Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0041.
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There is a growing body of evidence that HIV-infected persons are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated complications, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Autopsy studies have noted premature atherosclerosis in HIV-infected adults, and epidemiological studies demonstrate higher rates of CVD among HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected patients. These findings are in part due to chronic inflammation and immune activation associated with HIV infection. Traditional CVD risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cigarette smoking, also play keys roles. There is additional evidence from observational cohort studies that some antiretroviral drugs, including protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may increase the risk of myocardial infarction. Treatment interventions to reduce the risk of CVD include diet, exercise, smoking cessation, lipid-lowering agents, and antihypertensive medications. For select patients, changing antiretroviral therapy to improve lipid profiles may be appropriate but should not compromise virologic or immunologic control.
Buchteile zum Thema "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)"
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Gielen, Stephan. „Priority Areas for CVD Research“. In Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, 289–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22357-5_27.
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Scott, Kate Margaret. „Prevention of CVD in Depression“. In Cardiovascular Diseases and Depression, 509–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32480-7_27.
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Reppermund, Simone, und Ruby S. M. Tsang. „The Risk Relationship Between Depression and CVD During Ageing“. In Cardiovascular Diseases and Depression, 23–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32480-7_3.
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Ali, Rania Alhaj, Hussein Halabi und Hani Almoallim. „Cardiovascular Diseases and Rheumatology“. In Skills in Rheumatology, 353–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8323-0_16.
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AbstractThe prevalence of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the different rheumatologic disorders is a very important topic. Each disease has a number of unique manifestations despite the fact that an overlap is present due to shared common risk factors, which may be related to the longer life expectancy of the recent therapeutic advances. A growing understanding of the role of inflammation and immune system in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis as well as the early detection of cardiovascular manifestations is due to the availability and use of sophisticated noninvasive cardiac and vascular diagnostic technology. Such discipline results in the detection of cardiac manifestation unique to each rheumatologic disorder. This was not possible previously due to short life expectancy, limited therapeutic interventions, vague understanding of pathological process for each disease, and the limited diagnostic resources.
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Galvan, Elisa Roldan, John A. Snowden und Diana M. Greenfield. „Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome“. In The EBMT Handbook, 495–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44080-9_55.
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AbstractAn increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown after HCT, either autologous or allogeneic, compared with the normal population, with a cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events 15 years after HCT up to 6%. Screening of all patients who undergone an HCT is recommended in the international consensus guidelines. Knowing the risk factors and management of these complications and working with a multidisciplinary approach is essential to ensure the appropriate care of these patients.
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Indumathi, R., und M. Maheswari. „Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) Using Medical Images“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 257–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4852-4_25.
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Jin, Zhuqiu. „Macrophage Targeting for Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)“. In Macrophage Targeted Delivery Systems, 339–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84164-5_15.
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Lanas, Fernando, Pamela Serón und Cheryld Muttel. „Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Latin America: Comparative Outcomes According to Socioeconomic Status“. In Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Prevention in Populations with Low Socioeconomic Status, 159–77. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79051-5_8.
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Abstract Latin America is a region with more than 40 countries and almost 650 million inhabitants who mostly share a Hispanic heritage, speak Latin languages, and have cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as the leading cause of death. However, there are significant differences in the prevalence of CVD risk factors and prognosis. Socioeconomic disadvantages, including less access to education, are important determinants of those differences, both between and within countries; the poor and less-educated individuals face an increased risk due to a higher prevalence of sedentarism, smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, but also have less awareness of disease and limited access to health care, that leads to an increase in incidence and mortality from CVD. Regional initiatives following WHO directions have been implemented in most countries, mainly for the control of smoking, obesity, and hypertension, leading to an overall reduction in age-adjusted CVD mortality, but with marked differences between countries. Additionally, some clinical trials have shown the benefits of complex interventions, addressing several aspects of CVD risk factor controls, but they are still waiting for proof of widespread implementation. Any initiative should address the socioeconomic disadvantages to improve health and equity.
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Lewek, Joanna, Ibadete Bytyci und Maciej Banach. „The Role of Exercise in the CVD Prevention“. In Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases, 497–512. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62806-1_18.
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McElroy, Jane A., und Bennett J. Gosiker. „Sexual and Gender Minority Population’s Health Burden of Five Noncommunicable Diseases: Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease“. In Global LGBTQ Health, 93–145. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36204-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter will describe five noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their implications for the sexual and gender minority (SGM) population: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, diabetes mellitus (DM), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These were selected due to their high relative prevalence among NCDs (World Health Organization, Fact sheet: noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. Accessed 25 Nov 2022, 2018). An extensive literature review was undertaken to uncover studies that reported on NCD prevalence among the SGM population, globally. For SM studies, nine countries that are considered mature from an economic perspective represented almost all of the findings. For transgender studies, almost all studies about cancer were case and case series reports, and these represented numerous countries around the world. The limited data representing a global perspective among sexual minorities hints at the possibility of a similar burden for CVD, cancer (excluding HIV/AIDS-related cancers), DM, COPD, and asthma (among SM men) compared to heterosexual and/or cisgender populations. The same seems to be true for transgender populations, with some evidence of elevated CVD risk among transfeminine populations.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)"
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Ghaniaviyanto Ramadhan, Nur, Adiwijaya, Warih Maharani und Alfian Akbar Gozali. „Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the Upcoming Year Using Tree-Based Ensemble Model“. In 2024 12th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT), 210–16. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoict61617.2024.10698310.
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Zhang, Weiyi, Danli Shi und Mingguang He. „Improving Consistency in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Cross-Camera Adaptation for Retinal Images“. In 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 5194–99. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw63382.2024.00527.
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T, Benila Christabel, und Thanammal KK. „Effectiveness of Machine Learning Algorithms in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders“. In 7th International Conference on Recent Innovations in Computer and Communication (ICRICC 23). International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/mxre8614/icricc23p2.
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In the entire world, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death. According to estimates, 17.9 million deaths worldwide in 2019 were attributable to CVDs, or 32% of all fatalities. Heart attack and stroke deaths accounted for 85% of these fatalities. The majority of CVD fatalities occur in low and middle income nations. In 2019, non communicable illnesses caused 17 million premature deaths (before the age of 70), and 38% of those fatalities were attributable to CVDs. By addressing behavioural risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy eating and obesity, inactivity and problematic alcohol consumption, the majority of cardiovascular illnesses can be avoided. Early detection of cardiovascular disease is crucial in order to start treatment with counseling and medication. This study examines the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Wang, Lulu, und Ahmed Al-Jumaily. „A New GUI Device for Monitoring Cardiovascular Status“. In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65361.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is widely recognized as a significant marker of cardiovascular status monitoring, and it is correlated with many cardiovascular risk factors, including age, blood pressure, pulse pressure, hypertrophy and heart diseases. Aortic PWV is a direct measurement of aortic stiffness and is considered to be the gold standard of arterial stiffness measurements. This paper describes the development of a wireless healthcare device includes graphic user interface (GUI) to monitor the severity of CVD by measuring and analysing the PWV values under MATLAB environment. The GUI build presents the data into a simple and friendly program. It consists of patient information part and data analysis which is able to detect the severity of hypertrophy and heart diseases. The proposed device may serve as new clinical computer-aided diagnostic tool to help the healthcare professionals to monitor the severity of CVD due to its properties of non-invasive, effort-independent, and continuous monitoring.
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This, Arthur Eiji Watanabe. „The Importance of Cardiovascular Education in Primary Prevention Programs: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Effectiveness - A Simple Summary of the Development of the Work“. In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-036.
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This summary addresses the importance of cardiovascular education in primary prevention programs for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVDs are one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, and primary prevention programs aim to reduce their incidence and severity. Cardiovascular education emerges as an essential component of these programs, seeking to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles.
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Srinivasulu, Balu, P. V. Subba Reddy und P. Hussain Basha. „A Deep Pattern Learning based Model for Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases(CVD)“. In 2024 4th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Social Networking (ICPCSN). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpcsn62568.2024.00040.
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Mesihović-Dinarević, Senka. „UPDATE IN DIAGNOSTICS CARDIOLOGY“. In International Scientific Symposium “Diagnostics in Cardiology and Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH)”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2021.199.02.
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Cardiovascular medicine is an area of clinical practice with a continually rapid expansion of knowledge, guidelines, best practices and new technology in adult cardiovascular medicine as well as in paediatric cardiology medicine. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the world and cause major costs for the health sector and economy. Cardiovascular imaging indices have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac diseases. Advanced imaging technologies have dramatically improved our ability to detect and treat cardiovascular disease at an early stage. Multimodality imaging techniques - echocardiogram, cardiac computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, simulation 3D models, artificial intelligence - are being used more frequently as their utility is better appreciated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts an unprecedented global impact on public health and health care delivery. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) causing COVID-19 has reached pandemic levels since March 2020. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established CVD represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19, and have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with myocardial damage and cardiac arrhythmia. Diagnostic workup during SARS infection revealed electrocardiographic changes, sub-clinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic impairment and troponin elevation. All professionals in cardiovascular medicine, as a part of lifelong learning process, have the continuous imperative in reviewing novelties, with results data from numerous researches in order to treat all patients according to best practices and evidence-based medicine, especially on this journey through corona pandemic.
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Đapanović, Verica. „Prevention of cardiovascular diseases in women in Serbia: Emphasis on sex-specific risk factors“. In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 198. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24150d.
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Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most significant threat to human health irrelevant of gender. According to the data in the latest statistical yearbook of the "dr Milan Jovanović Batut" Institute from 2021 CVDs are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both sexes. It is believed that heart diseases are "men's diseases", which impacts women's referral to CVD diagnosis and treatment even though their main cause of death are CVDs. According to the Serbian Ministry of Health, more women die from cardiovascular diseases than men. In 2019 AHA recognized the importance of women's cardiovascular health and issued new recommendations which emphasize gender-specific risk factors. Methods and Objectives: The aim of the paper was to determine: the frequency of hospitalization by gender; the presence of classic risk factors in the examined population and the respondents' awareness of them; the presence of modern risk factors and the awareness of respondents; determination of the interviewees' preferred way of communication with the health system; motivation for using any telemedicine modality. The research was conducted in the UKCS Cardiology Clinic from 01.01.-31.01.2023 on patients hospitalized in all departments of the clinic. Results: There is a higher frequency of male gender in hospitalization; all classic risk factors are present in 30-60% of respondents; modern risk factors are present in less than 40%; the respondents are motivated to further use telemedicine modalities. Conclusions: Women were informed about classic risk factors, with poor insight into modern risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease; they have shown willingness to use telemedicine, with low interest in using social networks in purpose of health education. The inclusion of women in clinical studies to help advance timely diagnosis and treatment remains a real need in modern medicine. Proactive implementation of health education can significantly contribute to earlier recognition of symptoms and better prognosis of the disease.
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Trifunovic, N., und S. Komatina. „Role of enormous earth's magnetic fields (EMF) in etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)“. In 8th EEGS-ES Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406271.
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Xiao, Min, Annie Bailey und Olga Pierrakos. „In-Vitro Modeling of Heart Failure in the Presence of a Prosthetic Heart Valve Using Particle Image Velocimetry“. In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53788.
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It is well-known that cardiovascular disease, affecting millions of people, is the number one killer in the US and worldwide. Current trends indicate that cardiovascular disease (CVD) will claim approximately 20 million victims in 2020 as the leading cause of death worldwide and will be responsible for over a billion deaths between 2000 and 2050 [1]. According to the American Heart Association, one in three American adults have one or more types of heart disease. Economically, the total and indirect costs due to cardiovascular diseases in 2009 were estimated at $475.3 billion. The spectrum of cardiac disease encompasses a broad range of disorders, varying from myocardial ischemia, valvular disease, diastolic dysfunction, congestive heart failure (which is projected to affect 20 million people by 2020), etc. Most of these disorders initiate and are associated to the left side of the heart, which is the workhorse and also the focus of our research herein.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)"
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Liu, Mengnan, Raoqiong Wang, Ziyi Li, Maryam Mazhar, Gang Luo und Sijin Yang. Danshen decoction in the treatment of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0107.
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Review question / Objective: HF (heart failure) is considered to be the clinical endpoint and the leading cause of death of CVD (cardiovascular diseases). With people's growing desire for a healthy and better life, TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of HF is becoming more popular. The basic and clinical research related to TCM has also been widely concerned by the cardiovascular community of scientists/clinicians. In recent years, a large number of preclinical (in vivo/in vitro) experiments and clinical observation studies have proved the therapeutic efficacy of Danshen decoction in the treatment of HF. However, systematic evaluation and review of the clinical treatment of Danshen decoction is insufficient, leaving objective and quantitative evaluation indicators of Danshen decoction to be inadequate. Therefore, evidence-based studies are urgently needed to demonstrate its efficacy and safety.
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Keshav, Dr Geetha, Dr Suwaibah Fatima Samer, Dr Salman Haroon und Dr Mohammed Abrar Hassan. TO STUDY THE CORRELATION OF BMI WITH ABO BLOOD GROUP AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS. World Wide Journals, Februar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/2405523.
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Introduction: Advancements and increase in access to healthcare have increased the life expectancy in India from 32 years in 1947 to almost 70 years currently. Due to robust vaccination and basic health programs, most of the communicable diseases are kept under control. The disease burden is now skewed towards non-communicable diseases. It is an established fact that body mass index (BMI) is a reliable predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Early prediction can decrease the disease load and enable early preventative measures. A more novel approach of connecting it with blood groups would yield profound results in predictability and subsequent management. This study was done to see correlation between BMI and known blood groups in order to predict the potential incidence of CVDs in medical students. Material and Method - A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Bhaskar Medical College from September 2022 - November 2022. The sample population included 150- 1st year medical students chosen by Randomized sampling method. BMI was calculated based as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2). Discussion - Many studies conducted on the association of Blood groups with BMI yielded mixed and inconclusive results. On analysis of the data obtained from this study, O- positive blood group showed the highest inclination towards obesity i.e. 30 of the total participants. A-positive and B- positive blood groups were shown to have a lesser association with obesity i.e. 11 participants of the 150. These results were in accordance with a study done among female students by Shireen Javad et.al, nding blood group O to be the most prone to obesity.8 Incompatible to our results, a study conducted by Samuel Smith Isaac Okai et.al. found no signicant association between blood groups and BMI.10 Another study conducted by Christina Ravillo et.al. found that blood group O had the highest and blood group AB with lowest prevalence of obesity9. These ndings were similar to the results obtained in our study. To study the correlation of BMI with ABO blood group and Cardiovascula AIMS and OBJECTIVES Aim: - r risk among medical students. 1. Calculate and segregate the participants according to BM Objectives: - I using the standard formula provided by the WHO. 1. Determine Blood group using antisera 2. Evaluation of Lipid prole in obese individuals
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Zhang, Mingzhu, Wujisiguleng Bao, Luying Sun, Zhi Yao und Xiyao Li. Efficacy and safety of finerenone in chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0020.
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Review question / Objective: To assess the beneficial effect and safety of finerenone for patients with chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes. Condition being studied: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, affecting almost 700 million people worldwide. Approximately 40% of patients with diabetes have CKD, which exposes them to a 3-fold higher risk of cardiovascular death versus those with T2D alone. Strategies to protect the kidneys of patients with CKD and T2D may reduce their risk of cardiovascular events. Finerenone, a nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, reduced composite kidney and cardiovascular outcome in trials involving patients with chronic kidney disease. Recently, quite a few clinical studies have been conducted to compare finerenone and placebo. Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of finerenone in chronic kidney disease associated with T2D. 1st author* - Mingzhu Zhang and Wujisiguleng Bao contributed equally to this study.
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Zhang, Ruizhe, und Qingya Xie. A meta-analysis of cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) gene rs708272(G>A) polymorphism in association with cornoary heart disease risk. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, Juni 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.6.0021.
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Review question / Objective: To seek the association of the CETP rs708272 polymorphism with CHD.To figure out if the carriers of allele rs708272-A reduce or increase the risk of CHD in comparison with carriers of allele rs708272-G under allele model, dominant model and recessive model. Condition being studied: The inclusion criteria of CHD:(1)the presence of stenosis≥50% in a minimum of one main segment of coronary arteries (the right coronary artery, left circumfex, or left anterior descending arteries) by coronary angiography.(2) symptoms representing angina pectoris, electrocardiographic changes, and elevations of cardiac enzymes based on the criteria of the World Health Organization. (3) a certifed record of coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention were included in the study.The exclusion criteria of CHD :patients with congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease.Controls:the same populations as the cases and specifed to be without CAD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral atherosclerotic arterial disease.
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Ruamtawee, Witchakorn, Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul, Natnaree Aimyong und Weerawat Manosuthi. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among People Living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific Region: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0108.
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Review question / Objective: This systematic review was conducted to address the situation and associated factors both traditional and HIV-specific for CVD among adult people living with HIV who were aged ≥ 18 years in the Asia Pacific region, and focused only on the counties with the greatest impact of CVD attributable to HIV infection including Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Thailand in the HAART era since 2005. Information sources: This systematic review was performed in an attempt to retrieve epidemiological studies of CVD among PLHIV in the greatest impact of CVD attributable to HIV countries in the Asia Pacific region from the following sources: • MEDLINE via PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) • Embase (https://www.embase.com) • the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (https://www.cochranelibrary.com).
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Wei, Dongmei, Yang Sun und Hankang Hen. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0080.
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Review question / Objective: Can Baduanjin exercise improve the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary artery surgery? Condition being studied: Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is the single most common cause of death globally, with 7.4 million deaths in 2013, accounting for one-third of all deaths (WHO 2014). PCI has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality in patients with CHD. During follow-up, it has been shown that the benefits of PCI can be offset by the significant risks of coronary spasm, endothelial cell injury, recurrent ischemia, and even restenosis or thrombus. Numerous guidelines endorse the necessity for cardiac rehabilitation (CR), which is recommended for patients with chronic stable angina, acute coronary syndrome and for patients following PCI. Baduanjin have been widely practised in China for centuries, and as they are considered to be low risk interventions, their use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is now becoming more widespread. The ability of Baduanjin to promote clinically meaningful influences in patients with CHD after PCI, however, still remains unclear.
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wang, shuai, und Zixing Wang. The EAT-Lancet diet for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.9.0091.
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Patnode, Carrie D., Nora B. Henrikson, Elizabeth M. Webber, Paula R. Blasi, Caitlyn A. Senger und Janelle M. Guirguis-Blake. Breastfeeding and Health Outcomes for Infants and Children. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), März 2025. https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcsrbreastfeeding.
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Objectives. To review the evidence on the association between breastfeeding and infant and child health outcomes, including the extent to which these associations vary by the intensity, duration, mode, and source of breastmilk consumption. In this review, breastfeeding refers to feeding breastmilk whether directly from the breast or other means and includes breastmilk from pasteurized donor milk. Data sources. Systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL for English-language articles published from 2006 to August 14, 2024. We identified additional studies from reference lists and technical experts. Review methods. We worked with our sponsor and a panel of technical experts to identify the outcomes of interest for this review. The evidence for more than 20 outcomes was synthesized, including outcomes related to infectious diseases, asthma and allergic conditions, oral health, autoimmune gastrointestinal conditions, endocrine conditions, cardiovascular disease (CVD), childhood cancer, cognitive development, and infant mortality. We relied on existing systematic reviews (ESRs) for all outcomes and conducted bridge searches for newer primary studies since the search date of the most recent and relevant ESR. Studies were evaluated for eligibility and quality, and data were abstracted on study design, demographics, breastfeeding exposures and referents, and outcomes. We synthesized the evidence by outcome, summarizing the results of ESRs alongside those of newer primary studies. No meta-analyses were conducted given the combination of ESR and primary study evidence and heterogeneity in exposures and outcomes; but figures were created to visually display point estimates across studies. Results. A total of 29 ESRs and 145 primary studies were included. The cumulative number of studies included for each outcome varied from only 4 studies examining the relationship between breastfeeding and type 2 diabetes to more than 180 studies reporting on the relationship between breastfeeding and obesity-related outcomes. We rated the strength of evidence as “Low” or “Moderate” for most outcomes, given limitations of the underlying evidence base, along with concerns related to heterogeneity of the study designs, and the consistency and precision of results. An association indicating a reduced risk from “more” versus “less” breastfeeding was most apparent for otitis media, asthma, obesity in childhood, and childhood leukemia. A protective association of breastfeeding was also found for severe respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in younger children, allergic rhinitis, malocclusion, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, rapid weight gain and growth, systolic blood pressure, and infant mortality, including sudden unexpected infant death, although our confidence in these findings was lower. There was no apparent association for the outcomes of atopic dermatitis, celiac disease, and cognitive ability. An association indicating an increased risk of dental caries was noted for breastfeeding 12 months or longer. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the relationship with food allergies and type 2 diabetes and no data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or CVD endpoint outcomes (i.e., events or mortality). While nearly all outcomes had evidence on ever (versus never) breastfeeding, exclusive (versus nonexclusive or no) breastfeeding, and longer durations (versus shorter or no) of any or exclusive breastfeeding, the exposure comparisons and categorizations reported in the ESRs and primary evidence made it extremely difficult to examine the nuances of these relationships. There was no clear “threshold” of breastfeeding that appeared to be most beneficial for any outcome. Furthermore, there were little data on how the relationships varied by mode of breastfeeding or source of breastmilk. Conclusions. Breastfeeding is associated with beneficial effects for several infant and child outcomes, although there are limitations to the data that preclude high certainty in the findings. Further research that addresses the limitations of existing studies is needed to continue to inform national guidelines and initiatives.
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Sheng, Chang, Weihua Huang, Mingmei Liao und Pu Yang. Association of the Abdominal Aortic Calcification with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease-Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study. World Journal of Surgery, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.60123/j.wjs.2024.10.03.
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Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a prevalent form of vascular calcification associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While previous studies on AAC and cardiovascular risk exist, many have limitations such as small sample sizes and limited clinical significance outcomes. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between AAC and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality rates in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: The study, conducted on NHANES participants aged 40 years or older during the 2013-2014 cycle, assessed AAC using the Kauppila scoring system. Demographic characteristics, mortality data, and comorbid factors such as age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were considered. Statistical analyses, including weighted percentages, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, were employed to evaluate the associations between AAC and mortality risks. Results: After analyzing a final sample of 2717 participants, the study found a significant association between severe AAC (SAAC) and higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17-2.48). The dose-response relationship indicated an increased risk with higher AAC scores. However, no independent association was observed between AAC and cardiovascular mortality. Stratified analysis revealed variations in the AAC-all-cause mortality association based on gender and hypertension. Conclusion: This population-based study provides valuable insights into the prospective association between AAC and all-cause mortality, emphasizing the potential role of AAC assessment in identifying individuals at higher risk.
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Yu, Winifred W., Elise Digga, Courtney Luterbach, Eric Davis, Anupama Reddy, David Leader und Nanguneri Nirmala. Linking Dental Services to Treatment Outcomes for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Rapid Response Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, November 2024. https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcrapid_dental_kidney.
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Summary: Notwithstanding the gaps noted above or the heterogeneity in the studies, the patient population or periodontitis severity, there is consistent evidence showing a reduction in inflammation post-periodontal treatment in patients with CKD. The evidence for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes also offers evidence (although weak) that these outcomes may be favorable to patients with CKD in the medium term. The Centers for Disease Control recommends oral health maintenance for patients with diabetes. CKD is common in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Approximately 1 in 2 adults with CKD has Diabetes. Persons with CKD are also more susceptible to infections. Therefore, the impact of dental treatment on diabetes outcomes for patients with diabetes may also apply to a large section of patients with CKD. We refer the reader to our rapid review on similar questions regarding persons with Diabetes. Most of the evidence base has been from studies conducted outside of the United States in the last ten years, and the number of new studies globally each year is less than a handful as seen in the clinical trials database maintained at the National Library of Medicine. It is therefore unlikely that the evidence base will change substantially over the next few years. This rapid response has presented the available evidence regarding the impact of periodontal or other dental services to patients with CKD. The current evidence base has some limitations but points to the fact that periodontal service to patients with CKD and particularly those on dialysis may be beneficial for some clinically relevant outcomes.