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Wijnands, K. P. J., S. A. Obermann-Borst, E. J. G. Sijbrands, M. F. Wildhagen, W. A. Helbing und R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen. „Cardiovascular diseases in grandparents and the risk of congenital heart diseases in grandchildren“. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 5, Nr. 2 (19.02.2014): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174414000026.
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Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with both adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) and having a child with a congenital heart disease (CHD). We investigated associations between CVD in grandparents and the risk of CHD in grandchildren. In a case–control family study, we obtained detailed questionnaire information on CVD and CHD in 247 families with a CHD child and 203 families without a CHD child. Grandparents with CVD or intermittent claudication (IC) were significantly associated with an increased risk for CHD in grandchildren [OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.03–1.89) and OR 2.77 (95% CI 1.02–7.56), respectively]. The risk of CHD grandchildren was particularly increased in paternal grandfathers with CVD [OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.01–3.37)]. Overall, having a grandparent with CVD increased the risk for CHD in the grandchild by 1.65 (95% CI 1.12–2.41). After adjustment for potential maternal confounders, this risk was 1.44 (95% CI 0.94–2.21). Having two or more grandparents with CVD was associated with an approximately threefold risk for CHD grandchildren [OR adjusted 2.72 (95% CI 1.08–6.89)]. Our data suggest that CVD and IC in grandparents are associated with an increased risk of having a CHD grandchild. These first findings may be explained by shared causality of derangements in metabolic pathways and are in line with the fetal origins of health and disease.
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Shan, Wenxin, Hongtu Cui, Yangkai Xu, Jing Xue und Lemin Zheng. „Succinate metabolism in cardiovascular diseases“. Global Translational Medicine 1, Nr. 2 (19.09.2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/gtm.v1i2.160.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a class of diseases related to the heart or blood vessels that have high global incidence. Succinate is generally considered an important intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Recent studies have shown that succinate is related to the pathophysiology of CVD, such as atherosclerosis, acute aortic dissection, hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. It may represent a potential target or biomarker for CVD. It has been demonstrated that succinate not only participates in various energy metabolic pathways but also plays an important role in various pathophysiological activities as a signaling molecule. Given the significance of metabolism in CVD, it is important to focus on the metabolic regulation mechanism of succinate in CVD. This review outlines the latest evidence pointing to the potential role of succinate in CVD, along with its mechanisms, and updates the current understanding on the role of succinate in CVD. Further studies may focus on identifying succinate, its receptor, and its downstream signaling molecules as new targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Sileno, Sara, Sara Beji, Marco D’Agostino, Alessandra Carassiti, Guido Melillo und Alessandra Magenta. „microRNAs involved in psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases“. Vascular Biology 3, Nr. 1 (29.06.2021): R49—R68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/vb-21-0007.
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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin. Both genetic and environmental factors play a pathogenic role in psoriasis and contribute to the severity of the disease. Psoriasis, in fact, has been associated with different comorbidities such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal or kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). Indeed, life expectancy in severe psoriasis is reduced by up to 5 years due to CVD and CeVD. Moreover, patients with severe psoriasis have a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension. Further, systemic inflammation is associated with oxidative stress increase and induces endothelial damage and atherosclerosis progression. Different miRNA have been already described in psoriasis, both in the skin tissues and in the blood flow, to play a role in the progression of disease. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the most important miRNAs that play a role in psoriasis and are also linked to CVD.
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Chaulin, Aleksey M., und Dmitry V. Duplyakov. „Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases“. Hygiene and sanitation 100, Nr. 3 (16.04.2021): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-223-228.
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Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.
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Dabravolski, Siarhei A., Victoria A. Khotina, Vasily N. Sukhorukov, Vladislav A. Kalmykov, Liudmila M. Mikhaleva und Alexander N. Orekhov. „The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 2 (16.01.2022): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020952.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) mutations are known to participate in the development and progression of some CVD. Moreover, specific types of mitochondria-mediated CVD have been discovered, such as MIEH (maternally inherited essential hypertension) and maternally inherited CHD (coronary heart disease). Maternally inherited mitochondrial CVD is caused by certain mutations in the mtDNA, which encode structural mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial tRNA. In this review, we focus on recently identified mtDNA mutations associated with CVD (coronary artery disease and hypertension). Additionally, new data suggest the role of mtDNA mutations in Brugada syndrome and ischemic stroke, which before were considered only as a result of mutations in nuclear genes. Moreover, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA involvement in the development of the disease.
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Silva Junior, Delcio G. „Cardiovascular Disorders in Autoimmune Disease“. Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 2, Nr. 2 (12.11.2019): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/015.
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The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. However, in certain clinical conditions, traditional risk factors seem not to fully explain the incidence of CVD. Coronary artery disease and early atherosclerosis in young women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are one of the best examples of how chronic inflammatory diseases can affect individuals who are normally poorly exposed to traditional risk factors. Even with the plurality of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatologic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and SLE encephalopathy, uveitis in spondyloarthritis, or as Achalasia in scleroderma, attention is being paid to the frequent cardiovascular system involvement in these patients, especially in the vascular territory
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Agarwal, Shashi. „Depression and Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 8, Nr. 03 (28.03.2021): 5302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v8i03.08.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Besides imparting enormous human suffering and enhancing premature mortality, they also inflict huge direct and indirect financial costs on the worldwide society. With the easier availability of affordable therapeutics globally, and the relatively paucity of newer innovations, modifiable risk factors are gaining greater importance in the management of this cardiovascular epidemic. Depression is a modifiable risk factor. It is consistently and strongly associated with a higher risk of CVD incidence and mortality. CVD on the other hand, often induces the development of depression. This paper reviews the effects of depression on cardiovascular diseases.
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Cazzola, Mario, Paola Rogliani, Josuel Ora, Luigino Calzetta und Maria Gabriella Matera. „Cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic airway diseases: mutual pharmacological interferences“. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 14 (Januar 2023): 204062232311715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223231171556.
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Chronic airway diseases (CAD), mainly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are frequently associated with different comorbidities. Among them, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pose problems for the simultaneous treatment of CAD and comorbidity. Indeed, there is evidence that some drugs used to treat CAD negatively affect comorbidity, and, conversely, some drugs used to treat comorbidity may aggravate CAD. However, there is also growing evidence of some beneficial effects of CAD drugs on comorbidities and, conversely, of the ability of some of those used to treat comorbidity to reduce the severity of lung disease. In this narrative review, we first describe the potential cardiovascular risks and benefits for patients using drugs to treat CAD and the potential lung risks and benefits for patients using drugs to treat CVD. Then, we illustrate the possible negative and positive effects on T2DM of drugs used to treat CAD and the potential negative and positive impact on CAD of drugs used to treat T2DM. The frequency with which CAD and CVD or T2DM are associated requires not only considering the effect that drugs used for one disease condition may have on the other but also providing an opportunity to develop therapies that simultaneously favorably impact both diseases.
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Liu, Yu-Jie, Meng-Yuan Miao, Jia-Min Wang, Quan Tang, Wen-Wen Han, Yi-Ping Jia, Hao-Wei Tao et al. „Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Never-Smoking Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus“. Nutrients 15, Nr. 18 (08.09.2023): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15183910.
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The relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes-related vascular complications remains unclear. To eliminate confounding by smoking, this study assessed the relationships of coffee consumption with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular disease (MVD) in never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Included were 9964 never-smokers with T2DM from the UK Biobank without known CVD or cancer at baseline (7781 were free of MVD). Participants were categorized into four groups according to daily coffee consumption (0, 0.5–1, 2–4, ≥5 cups/day). CVD included coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). MVD included retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of total CVD and MVD and the component outcomes associated with coffee consumption. During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 1860 cases of CVD and 1403 cases of MVD were identified. Coffee intake was nonlinearly and inversely associated with CVD (P-nonlinearity = 0.023) and the component outcomes. Compared with no coffee intake, HRs (95% CIs) associated with a coffee intake of 2 to 4 cups/day were 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) for CVD, 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) for CHD, 0.73 (0.57, 0.92) for MI, 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) for stroke, and 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) for HF. Higher coffee intake (≥5 cups/day) was not significantly associated with CVD outcomes. Coffee intake was linearly and inversely associated with risk of CKD (HR for ≥5 vs. 0 cups/day = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; P-trend = 0.0029) but was not associated with retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Among never-smoking individuals with T2DM, moderate coffee consumption (2–4 cups/day) was associated with a lower risk of various CVD outcomes and CKD, with no adverse associations for higher consumption.
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Xi, Huiming, Qingxin Kang und Xunsheng Jiang. „Machine learning-based risk assessment for cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic lung diseases“. Medicine 104, Nr. 10 (07.03.2025): e41672. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000041672.
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The association between chronic lung diseases (CLDs) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively recognized. Nevertheless, conventional approaches for CVD risk evaluation cannot fully capture the risk factors (RFs) related to CLDs. This research sought to construct a CLD-specific CVD risk prediction model based on machine learning models and evaluate the prediction performance. The cross-sectional study design was adopted with data retrieved from Waves 1 and 3 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 1357 participants. Multiple RFs were integrated into the models, including conventional RFs for CVDs, pulmonary function indicators, physical features, and measures of quality of life and psychological state. Four machine learning algorithms, including extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine, were evaluated for prediction performance. The XGBoost model displayed superior performance to machine learning algorithms for predictive accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.788, accuracy: 0.716, sensitivity: 0.615, specificity: 0.803). This model pinpointed the top 5 RFs for CLD-specific CVD RFs: body mass index, age, C-reactive protein, uric acid, and grip strength. Moreover, the prediction performance of the random forest model (AUC: 0.709, accuracy: 0.633) was higher relative to the logistic regression (AUC: 0.619, accuracy: 0.584) and support vector machine (AUC: 0.584, accuracy: 0.548) models. Nonetheless, these models performed less favorably compared to the XGBoost model. The XGBoost model presented the most accurate predictions for CLD-specific CVD risk. This multidimensional risk assessment approach offers a promising avenue for the establishment of personalized prevention strategies targeting CVD in patients with CLDs.
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Wong, Chun Wai, Chun Shing Kwok, Aditya Narain, Martha Gulati, Anastasia S. Mihalidou, Pensee Wu, Mirvat Alasnag, Phyo Kyaw Myint und Mamas A. Mamas. „Marital status and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis“. Heart 104, Nr. 23 (19.06.2018): 1937–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313005.
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BackgroundThe influence of marital status on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prognosis after CVD is inconclusive. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine how marital status influences CVD and prognosis after CVD.MethodsA search of MEDLINE and Embase in January 2018 without language restriction was performed to identify studies that evaluated the association between marital status and risk of CVD. Search terms related to both marital status and CVD were used and included studies had to be prospective in design. The outcomes of interest were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke incidence and mortality. We performed random effects meta-analysis stratified by the types of population by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsOur analysis included 34 studies with more than two million participants. Compared with married participants, being unmarried (never married, divorced or widowed) was associated with increased odds of CVD (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.01), CHD (OR 1.16,95% CI 1.04 to 1.28), CHD death (OR 1.43,95% CI 1.28 to 1.60) and stroke death (OR 1.55,95% 1.16 to 2.08). Being divorced was associated with increased odds of CHD (P<0.001) for both men and women while widowers were more likely to develop a stroke (P<0.001). Single men and women with myocardial infarction had increased mortality (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.76) compared with married participants.ConclusionsMarital status appears to influence CVD and prognosis after CVD. These findings may suggest that marital status should be considered in the risk assessment for CVD and outcomes of CVD based on marital status merits further investigation.
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Wang, Guijing, Chanhyun Park, Heesoo Joo, Nikki Hawkins und Jing Fang. „DEPRESSION AND MEDICAL COST OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1841.
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Abstract Prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide, increases with age. Depression is a prevalent comorbidity with CVD. This study investigates the medical costs of CVD associated with depression using a nationally representative data, 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Patients aged ≥18 were identified by using the International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision codes of 390-459 for CVD and 296 or 311 for depression (N=23,755). Medical costs were actual payments received by providers and classified by service types and payment sources. We estimated the medical costs for each service type and payment source using economic modelling techniques controlling for various potential confounders. Overall prevalence of depression was 11.4%; 17.0% in persons with CVD and 8.7% in persons without CVD (p<0.001). Medical cost with depression was estimated at $6900 (p<0.001) for persons with CVD and $2211 (p<0.001) for those without. Costs on depression-related prescription medicines accounted for the largest portion of medical costs among persons with CVD ($3095, p<0.001). For persons with depression but without CVD, costs on outpatient visits accounted for the largest proportion ($1179, p<0.001). Medicare payments accounted for the largest portion of the depression-associated costs at $3338 (p=0.014) for persons with CVD. Compared with persons without CVD, those with CVD demonstrated doubled rates of depression. Depression-associated medical costs among individuals with CVD were tripled what they were for persons without CVD. Increased costs associated with depression were mainly for prescribed medicines and were financed by Medicare programs for persons with CVD.
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Osiak, Joanna, Łukasz Wołowiec, Xawery Żukow, Dagmara Fydrych, Albert Jasniak, Kinga Gawłowska, Agata Staniewska und Grzegorz Grześk. „Oral microbial dysbiosis in cardiovascular diseases“. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 41, Nr. 1 (10.08.2023): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.41.01.013.
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The most common diseases in humans are oral infections. Although modern research is mainly concerned with the role of the gut microbiota in systemic diseases, there are also reports indicating that oral infections, and especially periodontal infection, are one of the risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).The composition of the oral biofilm is a community of several hundred species of bacteria, fungi, spirochetes, viruses and protozoa. It varies depending on the state of health and disease. Pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity can cause systemic disease by entering the bloodstream or by triggering immune responses at the cellular level. The discovery of the role of the oral microbiome in CVD is leading to new methods of prevention and their treatment. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD as well as available options for their prevention and treatment. Oral dysbiosis, or the imbalance of bacteria in the oral cavity, has been linked to an increased risk of CVD. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how oral dysbiosis may contribute to CVD, including: The production of inflammatory molecules by oral bacteria. The activation of the immune system, which can lead to inflammation throughout the body. The entry of oral bacteria into the bloodstream, where they can travel to other organs and tissues. There are a number of things that can be done to prevent oral dysbiosis and reduce the risk of CVD, including: Good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing twice a day. Regular dental checkups and cleanings. Avoiding tobacco use. Eating a healthy diet. Conclusions. The evidence is growing that oral dysbiosis is a risk factor for CVD. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms involved and to develop effective interventions for prevention and treatment. The following are some other important points: The role of oral dysbiosis in CVD is likely to be complex and involve multiple factors. The effects of oral dysbiosis on CVD may vary depending on the individual's overall health status and other risk factors. More research is needed to determine the optimal methods for preventing and treating oral dysbiosis in order to reduce the risk of CVD.
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Melhem, Nada Joe, und Soraya Taleb. „Tryptophan: From Diet to Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 18 (14.09.2021): 9904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189904.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Inflammation is the underlying common mechanism involved in CVD. It has been recently related to amino acid metabolism, which acts as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Among different metabolites that have emerged as important regulators of immune and inflammatory responses, tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been shown to play a pivotal role in CVD. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of Trp metabolism and the interplay between the dysregulation of the main actors involved in Trp metabolism such as indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) and CVD, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. IDO has a prominent and complex role. Its activity, impacting on several biological pathways, complicates our understanding of its function, particularly in CVD, where it is still under debate. The discrepancy of the observed IDO effects could be potentially explained by its specific cell and tissue contribution, encouraging further investigations regarding the role of this enzyme. Thus, improving our understanding of the function of Trp as well as its derived metabolites will help to move one step closer towards tailored therapies aiming to treat CVD.
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RIZATDINOVA, F. N., und D. I. ABDULGANIEVA. „Psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular diseases“. Practical medicine 21, Nr. 3 (2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32000/2072-1757-2023-3-32-39.
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Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias, and conduction disorders. Traditional risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity may only partly explain the increased risk. Many factors, including chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction, may play a role in increasing the risk of CVD. PsA is associated with direct myocardial damage, left ventricular remodeling, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and arrhythmias, including fatal ones. This review considers the main CVDs, risk factors, the mechanisms of influence of PsA and its activity and phenotypes on these risk factors, as well as the possible interventions to reduce the risk of CVD in patients with PsA.
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Moskaleva, Natalia E., Ksenia M. Shestakova, Alexey V. Kukharenko, Pavel A. Markin, Maria V. Kozhevnikova, Ekaterina O. Korobkova, Alex Brito et al. „Target Metabolome Profiling-Based Machine Learning as a Diagnostic Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases in Adults“. Metabolites 12, Nr. 12 (27.11.2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121185.
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Metabolomics is a promising technology for the application of translational medicine to cardiovascular risk. Here, we applied a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry approach to explore the associations between plasma concentrations of amino acids, methylarginines, acylcarnitines, and tryptophan catabolism metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension (HTA) (n = 61), coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 48), and non-cardiovascular disease (CVD) individuals (n = 27). In total, almost all significantly different acylcarnitines, amino acids, methylarginines, and intermediates of the kynurenic and indolic tryptophan conversion pathways presented increased (p < 0.05) in concentration levels during the progression of CVD, indicating an association of inflammation, mitochondrial imbalance, and oxidative stress with early stages of CVD. Additionally, the random forest algorithm was found to have the highest prediction power in multiclass and binary classification patients with CAD, HTA, and non-CVD individuals and globally between CVD and non-CVD individuals (accuracy equal to 0.80 and 0.91, respectively). Thus, the present study provided a complex approach for the risk stratification of patients with CAD, patients with HTA, and non-CVD individuals using targeted metabolomics profiling.
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Wang, Lili, Qianhui Zhang, Kexin Yuan und Jing Yuan. „mtDNA in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases“. Disease Markers 2021 (09.11.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7157109.
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The incidence rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasing year by year and has become the main cause for the increase of mortality. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD, especially in heart failure and ischemic heart diseases. With the deepening of research, more and more evidence showed that mtDNA is related to the occurrence and development of CVD. Current studies mainly focus on how mtDNA copy number, an indirect biomarker of mitochondrial function, contributes to CVD and its underlying mechanisms including mtDNA autophagy, the effect of mtDNA on cardiac inflammation, and related metabolic functions. However, no relevant studies have been conducted yet. In this paper, we combed the current research status of the mechanism related to the influence of mtDNA on the occurrence, development, and prognosis of CVD, so as to find whether these mechanisms have something in common, or is there a correlation between each mechanism for the development of CVD?
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Vakrilova Becheva, Maria Stamova, Angelina Georgieva Kirkova-Bogdanova, Stefka Аchkova Ivanova, Petar Jordanov Atanasov, Mariya Sevdelinova Chaneva und Valentina Boyanova Petkova. „Prevention of cardiovascular diseases“. Pharmacia 70, Nr. 4 (27.10.2023): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e114071.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are socially significant diseases due to high morbidity and loss of people of working age. In Bulgaria, they are the leading cause of mortality among the population and are a consequence of the effect of cardiovascular risk factors. The draft of the National Health Strategy (NHS) 2021–2030 reports on their wide distribution, as well as on the insufficient knowledge, skills and motivation for their prevention and control. The purpose of this review is to address the prevention of cardiovascular disease, which is a significant problem worldwide. Prevention goals for patients with established cardiovascular disease and those at high risk include smoking cessation, healthy eating, physical activity, and lowering body mass index. There are various methods that are part of health promotion to reduce CVD risks. These methods include motivational interviewing, non-pharmacological means, the use of certain medications for CVD prevention, as well as physical activity. Strategies for effective primary prevention refer to engaging the patient to change their lifestyle and identifying risk factors, while secondary prevention is aimed at activities to detect the disease early and to slow down its progression. It is necessary to create a strategy for timely preventive actions with a view to preventing the negative influence of risk factors and improving people‘s heart health.
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Atzeni, Fabiola, Valeria Nucera, Elisabetta Gerratana, Alessia Fiorenza, Luigi Gianturco, Marco Corda und Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini. „Cardiovascular Consequences of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases“. Current Vascular Pharmacology 18, Nr. 6 (17.09.2020): 566–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161118666200127142936.
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: The increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus has been extensively documented. Sub-clinical atherosclerosis can be assessed using various non-invasive imaging techniques. However, the mechanisms underlying the higher risk of atherosclerotic CVD in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases are not fully known, although they seem to include chronic low-grade systemic inflammation leading to prolonged endothelial activation, accompanied by a pro-thrombotic/pro-coagulant and autoantibody state. Furthermore, sub-clinical atherosclerosis is also influenced by other traditional risk factors for CVD. Including the individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS: obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure), the degree of which is higher in these patients than in controls. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the CV manifestations and risk factors involved in the increased risk of CVD among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Wong, Hoi Kin, Tommy Tsang Cheung und Bernard M. Y. Cheung. „Adrenomedullin and cardiovascular diseases“. JRSM Cardiovascular Disease 1, Nr. 5 (August 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/cvd.2012.012003.
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Hung, Man, Wendy C. Birmingham, Monica Ocampo und Amir Mohajeri. „The Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Diseases“. Nutrients 15, Nr. 16 (11.08.2023): 3547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15163547.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the United States. The previous literature demonstrates the importance of vitamin D for overall health, and a significant body of literature has examined the benefits of optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] on cardiovascular health, but the results remain inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine the association between reported CVD and [25(OH)D]. We utilized the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included adults aged 20 years and older (n = 9825). CVD was defined as having a stroke, heart attack, heart failure, or coronary heart disease. Vitamin D status was categorized as a serum 25(OH)D deficiency at <30 nmol/L; insufficiency at 30 to 49.9 nmol/L; normal/optimal at 50 to 125 nmol/L; and adequacy at >125 nmol/L. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests, t-tests were conducted to investigate the differences in participant characteristics among those with CVD and without CVD, and regression models were used to explore the association between vitamin D levels and CVD status. We found 25(OH)D deficiency associated with CVD (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.11–1.98; p < 0.05). [25(OH)D] insufficiency was also associated with CVD (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.06–1.54; p < 0.05). The 25(OH)D adequacy was not associated with reported CVD. For the prevention of CVD, healthcare professionals may recommend the use of vitamin D supplementation to improve cardiovascular health in adults while considering individual needs.
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Lavanya, Narra, und Immaneni Sathyamurthy. „Colchicine in Cardiovascular Diseases“. Journal of Indian College of Cardiology 13, Nr. 4 (2023): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jicc.jicc_23_23.
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Colchicine has been used since ancient times for gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis thus paving a way for the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The role of colchicine in the management of pericarditis has been well established. It has been evident from clinical trials the beneficial effects of colchicine in various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and postcardiotomy syndromes. The most frequently used dose of colchicine is 0.5 mg once a day, with duration varying according to clinical condition. The widespread availability, low cost and acceptable side effect profile has made colchicine an attractive therapeutic option. The aim of this article is to summarize colchicine’s mechanism of action and evidence from various trials of its use in CVD in the current era.
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Panda, Poojarani, Henu Kumar Verma, Saikrishna Lakkakula, Neha Merchant, Fairrul Kadir, Shamsur Rahman, Mohammad Saffree Jeffree, Bhaskar V. K. S. Lakkakula und Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao. „Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Tethered to Cardiovascular Diseases“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (24.06.2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9154295.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that incorporated a group of conditions that affect the blood vessels and the heart. CVD is a foremost cause of fatalities around the world. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in CVD; however, oxidative stress plays a vital role in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress occurs when the concentration of oxidants exceeds the potency of antioxidants within the body while producing reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS generated by oxidative stress disrupts cell signaling, DNA damage, lipids, and proteins, thereby resulting in inflammation and apoptosis. Mitochondria is the primary source of ROS production within cells. Increased ROS production reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which elevates vasoconstriction within the arteries and contributes to the development of hypertension. ROS production has also been linked to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Antioxidants can decrease oxidative stress in the body; however, various therapeutic drugs have been designed to treat oxidative stress damage due to CVD. The present review provides a detailed narrative of the oxidative stress and ROS generation with a primary focus on the oxidative stress biomarker and its association with CVD. We have also discussed the complex relationship between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in CVD as well as oxidative stress-induced obesity in CVD. Finally, we discussed the role of antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress in CVD.
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Dyńka, Damian, Katarzyna Kowalcze, Anna Charuta und Agnieszka Paziewska. „The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases“. Nutrients 15, Nr. 15 (28.07.2023): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15153368.
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The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide “rescue fuel” for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
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Yin, X. Y., R. L. Zhang, H. Y. Zheng, Y. Q. Bai, Q. Yu, P. F. He, X. LI und S. X. Zhang. „OP0159 GENETICALLY DETERMINED CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOUT AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30.05.2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4227.
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BackgroundGout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate deposits around the joints[1]. The risk of cardiovascular events, including death, is substantially higher in people with gout than in those without gout[2]. Although epidemiological studies have reported a positive correlation between circulating urate levels and cardiac metabolic diseases, the causal relationship between gout and cardiovascular diseases(CVD) is still uncertain[3].ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the causal relationship between gout and CVD from the genetic level. We examined the potential effects of gout on coronary heart disease(CHD), coronary artery disease(CAD), atrial fibrillation(AF), myocardial infarction(MI), pulmonary embolism(PE), any stroke, ischemic stroke and its subtypes [cardioembolic(CES), small-vessel(SVS), extensive artery atherosclerosis(LAS)].MethodsWe obtained genetic information related to gout from the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (GUGC), including 2115 cases and 67259 healthy controls with 5057528 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs). SNPs significantly associated with CVD were obtained from large genome-wide association(GWAS) meta-analyses and the UK Biobank as instrumental variables(IVs) for Mendelian randomization(MR). The inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median were used to estimate the effect size. MR-PRESSO was used to detect and eliminate SNPs that may bring significant pleiotropy.ResultsMR results supported that gout had significant causal effects in CHD, CAD, and MI. There was a significant positive correlation between the genetic responsibility of gout and the risk of CVD(CHD: OR=1.031, 95%CI:1.007-1.057, P=0.012; CAD: OR=1.031, 95%CI:1.007-1.057, P=0.012; MI: OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.037-1.009, P=0.009). In reverse MR, we only observed that any stroke would increase the risk of gout(OR=1.265, 95%CI: 1.010-1.585, p=0.041). No pleiotropy was detected in the sensitivity analysis(all p>0.05).ConclusionThe responsibility of gout had a significant causal relationship with CHD, CAD, and MI, suggesting adequate management of gout could reduce the risk of CVD.References[1] Lai, B. et al. Assessing the causal relationships between gout and hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study with coarsened exposures. Arthritis Res Ther 24, 243, doi:10.1186/s13075-022-02933-4 (2022).[2] White, W. B. et al. Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout. N Engl J Med 378, 1200-1210, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1710895 (2018).[3] Keenan, T. et al. Causal Assessment of Serum Urate Levels in Cardiometabolic Diseases Through a Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 67, 407-416, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.086 (2016).Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Nazarov, B. M., K. A. Zykov, L. G. Ratova, O. Yu Agapova, Yu A. Dolgusheva und I. E. Chazova. „Do spirometry for patients with cardiovascular diseases?“ Systemic Hypertension 10, Nr. 2 (15.06.2013): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/sg28973.
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In recent decades cardiovascular (CVD) and COPD diseases are widespread around the world, leading to a high prevalence of patients with comorbidity, especially arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or bronchial asthma (BA). The growing number of patients with this comorbidity is due to increased hypertension, COPD, and asthma comorbidities, with the increase of the geriatric population of patients with these pathologies. Epidemiological studies have shown that the deterioration of lung function is as strong a predictor of cardiovascular mortality, as well as major cardiovascular risk factors. However, spirometry in patients with CVD is carried out infrequently. Inadequate spirometric diagnostics of COPD and asthma, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease, affects the clinical course of both diseases, leading to inappropriate treatment and poor prognosis for the patient. The need for extensive screening spirometry in all patients with CVD is not proven. Thera are no spirometry reference values in patients with CVD, which makes it almost impossible to use these parameters in stratification of CV risk. This dictates the need for further research to clarify the relationship between the severity and characteristics of the various CVD and spirometric parameters.
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Valaparla. Geetha rani, Shaik. Umar faruk, Kommathoti. Akhila Chilaka und Dileep kumar. „Importance of antibiotics in cardiovascular diseases“. International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics 12, Nr. 3 (09.09.2023): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.61096/ijrpp.v12.iss3.2023.205-209.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD’s) are the group of diseases of the heart and blood vessels the most common cause of the CVD’s are atherosclerosis , (plaque build-up in the arteries)some of the CVD’s are MI , IHD, coronary artery disease, valve disease, heart failure, aneurism.The Review focused on the effective use of antibiotics in CVD’s in that we study about CVD’s like CHD, MI and IHD so we find that the Chlamydiapneumonia may increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases . some studies shows that the Chlamydiapneumonia species may found in damaged vascular tissue and arteries of the heart and some of the bacteria like Helicobacter pylori , Cytomegalovirus , may also develop atherosclerotic lesions in that some of clinical trails shows that the macrolide antibiotics like Azithromycin, roxithromycin, oxithromycin antibiotics may shows a greater efficacy against Chlamydiapneumonia and they reduces the plaque stabilization but there is no proper therapy for killing of Chlamydiapneumonia in patients with CVD. But killing of an inflammatory condition in patients with CVD may reduces the risk of CVD’s so several clinical trails are require to perform the proper and effective use of antibiotics in CVD’s in this we study we tell about that there is an use of macrolide antibiotics may reduces or may cure the risk of developing the cardiovascular diseases .
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Wang, Yichen, Bing Chen, Edward J. Ciaccio, Hani Jneid, Salim S. Virani, Carl J. Lavie, Jessica Lebovits, Peter H. R. Green und Chayakrit Krittanawong. „Celiac Disease and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 12 (09.06.2023): 9974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129974.
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Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine in genetically predisposed individuals. Previous studies have investigated the potential link between CD and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to provide an updated review of the literature on the association between CD and CVD. PubMed was searched from inception to January 2023 using keywords including CD, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. We summarized the results of the studies, including meta-analyses and original investigations, and presented them according to the different forms of CVD. Meta-analyses published in 2015 provided mixed results regarding the relationship between CD and CVD. However, subsequent original investigations have shed new light on this association. Recent studies indicate that individuals with CD are at a higher risk of developing overall CVD, including an increased risk of myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. However, the link between CD and stroke is less established. Further research is needed to determine the link between CD and other cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular arrhythmia. Moreover, the relationship between CD and cardiomyopathy or heart failure, as well as myopericarditis, remains ambiguous. CD patients have a lower prevalence of traditional cardiac risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Therefore, it is important to discover strategies to identify patients at risk and reduce the risk of CVD in CD populations. Lastly, it is unclear whether adherence to a gluten-free diet can diminish or increase the risk of CVD among individuals with CD, necessitating further research in this area. To fully comprehend the correlation between CD and CVD and to determine the optimal prevention strategies for CVD in individuals with CD, additional research is necessary.
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Markousis-Mavrogenis, George, Aikaterini Giannakopoulou, Antonios Belegrinos, Maria Roser Pons, Maria Bonou, Vasiliki Vartela, Antigoni Papavasiliou et al. „Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns in Rare Cardiovascular Diseases“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 21 (29.10.2022): 6403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216403.
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Rare cardiovascular diseases (RCDs) have low incidence but major clinical impact. RCDs’ classification includes Class I—systemic circulation, Class II—pulmonary circulation, Class III—cardiomyopathies, Class IV—congenital cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Class V—cardiac tumors and CVD in malignancy, Class VI—cardiac arrhythmogenic disorders, Class VII—CVD in pregnancy, Class VIII—unclassified rare CVD. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is useful in the diagnosis/management of RCDs, as it performs angiography, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization in the same examination. Edema expressed as a high signal in STIRT2 or increased T2 mapping is common in acute/active inflammatory states. Diffuse subendocardial fibrosis, expressed as diffuse late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), is characteristic of microvascular disease as in systemic sclerosis, small vessel vasculitis, cardiac amyloidosis, and metabolic disorders. Replacement fibrosis, expressed as LGE, in the inferolateral wall of the left ventricle (LV) is typical of neuromuscular disorders. Patchy LGE with concurrent edema is typical of myocarditis, irrespective of the cause. Cardiac hypertrophy is characteristic in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), cardiac amyloidosis (CA) and Anderson–Fabry Disease (AFD), but LGE is located in the IVS, subendocardium and lateral wall in HCM, CA and AFD, respectively. Native T1 mapping is increased in HCM and CA and reduced in AFD. Magnetic resonance angiography provides information on aortopathies, such as Marfan, Turner syndrome and Takayasu vasculitis. LGE in the right ventricle is the typical finding of ARVC, but it may involve LV, leading to the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Tissue changes in RCDs may be detected only through parametric imaging indices.
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Reddy, K. Srinath, und Martijn B. Katan. „Diet, nutrition and the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases“. Public Health Nutrition 7, Nr. 1a (Februar 2004): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003587.
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AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are growing contributors to global disease burdens, with epidemics of CVD advancing across many regions of the world which are experiencing a rapid health transition. Diet and nutrition have been extensively investigated as risk factors for major cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke and are also linked to other cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. The interpretation of evidence needs to involve a critical appraisal of methodological issues related to measurement of exposures, nature of outcome variables, types of research design and careful separation of cause, consequence and confounding as the basis for observed associations.Adequate evidence is available, from studies conducted within and across populations, to link several nutrients, minerals, food groups and dietary patterns with an increased or decreased risk of CVD. Dietary fats associated with an increased risk of CHD include trans–fats and saturated fats, while polyunsaturated fats are known to be protective. Dietary sodium is associated with elevation of blood pressure, while dietary potassium lowers the risk of hypertension and stroke. Regular frequent intake of fruits and vegetables is protective against hypertension, CHD and stroke. Composite diets (such as DASH diets, Mediterranean diet, ‘prudent’ diet) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of hypertension and CHD. Sufficient knowledge exists to recommend nutritional interventions, at both population and individual levels, to reduce cardiovascular risk. That knowledge should now be translated into policies which promote healthy diets and discourage unhealthy diets. This requires coordinated action at the level of governments, international organizations, civil society and responsible sections of the food industry.
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Testa, Carolina Burgarelli, Luciana Graziela de Godoi, Maria Rita de Figueiredo Lemos Bortolotto, Nátaly Adriana Jiménez Monroy, Bruna Rodrigues de Mattos, Agatha Sacramento Rodrigues und Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco. „Cardiovascular diseases worsen the maternal prognosis of COVID-19“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 2 (07.02.2023): e0266792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266792.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a risk factor for severe cases of COVID-19. There are no studies evaluating whether the presence of CVD in pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 is associated with a worse prognosis. In an anonymized open database of the Ministry of Health, we selected cases of pregnant and postpartum women who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection and with data regarding their CVD status. In the SIVEP GRIPE data dictionary, CVD is defined as “presence of cardiovascular disease”, excluding those of neurological and nephrological causes that are pointed out in another field. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of CVD (CVD and non-CVD groups). Among the 1,876,953 reported cases, 3,562 confirmed cases of pregnant and postpartum women were included, of which 602 had CVD. Patients with CVD had an older age (p<0,001), a higher incidence of diabetes (p<0,001) and obesity (p<0,001), a higher frequency of systemic (p<0,001) and respiratory symptoms (p<0,001). CVD was a risk factor for ICU admission (p<0,001), ventilatory support (p = 0.004) and orotracheal intubation in the third trimester (OR 1.30 CI95%1.04–1.62). The group CVD had a higher mortality (18.9% vs. 13.5%, p<0,001), with a 32% higher risk of death (OR 1.32 CI95%1.16–1.50). Moreover, the risk was increased in the second (OR 1.94 CI95%1.43–2.63) and third (OR 1.29 CI95%1.04–1.60) trimesters, as well as puerperium (OR 1.27 CI95%1.03–1.56). Hospitalized obstetric patients with CVD and COVID-19 are more symptomatic. Their management demand more ICU admission and ventilatory support and the mortality is higher.
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Lucà, Fabiana, Maurizio Giuseppe Abrignani, Iris Parrini, Stefania Angela Di Fusco, Simona Giubilato, Carmelo Massimiliano Rao, Laura Piccioni et al. „Update on Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 5 (22.02.2022): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051176.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have a lower prevalence in women than men; although, a higher mortality rate and a poorer prognosis are more common in women. However, there is a misperception of CVD female risk since women have commonly been considered more protected so that the real threat is vastly underestimated. Consequently, female patients are more likely to be treated less aggressively, and a lower rate of diagnostic and interventional procedures is performed in women than in men. In addition, there are substantial sex differences in CVD, so different strategies are needed. This review aims to evaluate the main gender-specific approaches in CVD.
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Mostbauer, H. V., A. B. Bezrodnyi, O. I. Rokyta, Y. M. Moskalenko und M. I. Shevchyk. „CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME. REVIEW“. Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 19, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.1.2023.15.
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Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among adults worldwide. On another hand, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in patients with CVD, and can worsen the patients prognosis due to late diagnosis.
Aim: to analyze and summarize the published researches about interrelation between CVD and OSAS, its influence on CVD, and the effects of continuous airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSAS on CVD in order to pay attention to OSAS potential risks, improve the investigation of this syndrome and management.
Materials and methods. Review of scientific literature in the international electronic scientometric databases PubMed, Google Scholar by key words for the period 2008-2023. The search was carried out by two independent authors. 150 sources were selected, 48 English–language articles of which met all the search criteria and were used for analysis.
Results. OSAS is one of the widespread sleep disorders that frequently occurs in patients with CVD, impairs quality of life. Its increases cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. OSAS is observed in patients with arterial hypertension in 30-83%, coronary heart disease in 38-65%, stroke in 57-65%, heart failure in 12-55%, heart rhythm disorders - in 20-50%. In addition, the relationship between OSAS and diabetes, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, depression, and cognitive impairment has been established. OSAS is often not diagnosed or not diagnosed in time. Thus, there are data that 86-95% OSAS, clinically manifestated, were missed diagnosis, that worsens the prognosis of such patients.
Conclusions. OSAS is a common sleep breathing disorder in patients with CVD that is often diagnosed late. Most studies have shown that OSAS worsens the CVD course and outcomes. Therefore early diagnosis and timely appropriate treatment reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Li, Zhexi, Jingyi Zhang, Xulei Duan, Guoan Zhao und Min Zhang. „Celastrol: A Promising Agent Fighting against Cardiovascular Diseases“. Antioxidants 11, Nr. 8 (18.08.2022): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081597.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; therefore, seeking effective therapeutics to reduce the global burden of CVD has become increasingly urgent. Celastrol, a bioactive compound isolated from the roots of the plant Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), has been attracting increasing research attention in recent years, as it exerts cardiovascular treatment benefits targeting both CVD and their associated risk factors. Substantial evidence has revealed a protective role of celastrol against a broad spectrum of CVD including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular injury, calcific aortic valve disease and heart failure through complicated and interlinked mechanisms such as direct protection against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and death, and indirect action on oxidation and inflammation. This review will mainly summarize the beneficial effects of celastrol against CVD, largely based on in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and the potential underlying mechanisms. We will also briefly discuss celastrol’s pharmacokinetic limitations, which hamper its further clinical applications, and prospective future directions.
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Hussain, Arif, Hassaan Malik und Muhammad Umar Chaudhry. „Supervised Learning Based Classification of Cardiovascular Diseases“. Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation 20 (30.09.2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/peti.2021.7217.
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Detecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the early stage is a difficult and crucial process. The objective of this study is to test the capability of machine learning (ML) methods for accurately diagnosing the CVD outcomes. For this study, the efficiency and effectiveness of four well renowned ML classifiers, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), logistics regression (LR), naive Bayes (NB), and decision tree (J48), are measured in terms of precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), correctly and incorrectly classified instances, and model building time. These ML classifiers are applied on publically available CVD dataset. In accordance with the measured result, J48 performs better than its competitor classifiers, providing significant assistance to the cardiologists.
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Gorenkov, Roman V., Mikhail A. Yakushin, Oksana Yu Aleksandrova, Ludwig V. Ivanitskiy, Tatyana P. Vasilyeva und Aleksey A. Mashinskiy. „STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN SENIOR STUDENTS“. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 12, Nr. 4 (25.12.2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2023-12-4-53-61.
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HighlightsThe article examines the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the state of central hemodynamics (CHD) in senior students. Aim. To study the risk factors for CHD and CVD in senior students with the aim of early detection of arterial hypertension (AH) and the implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures.Methods. The study involved 223 senior students of medical universities in Moscow aged 20-27 years (the mean age was 22.8±0.17 years). The following cardiovascular risk factors were assessed for each student: age, gender, smoking, physical activity, genetic predispositions; body mass index. The indicators of CHD were studied by volumetric compression oscillometry using a portable automated software-hardware complex for non-invasive research of central hemodynamics (“SHCNIR CHD vco-“Globus” device).Results. The presence of CVD risk factors in senior students was revealed in 52.5% of cases; more than two risk factors were found in 19.3% of cases; 1st degree arterial hypertension (AH) in 11.2% of cases; “white coat hypertension” in 10.8% of cases; genetic predisposition to CVD in 30.0% of cases; overweight in 17.0% of cases; obesity in 5.4% of cases; low physical activity in 23.8% of cases; smoking in 16.1% of cases. An altered CHD profile was found in 62.1% of students. An increase in total peripheral vascular resistance at normal blood pressure levels was noted in 31.8% of cases. Indicators of total peripheral vascular resistance, mean blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the group of students with CHD risk factors.Conclusion. Outpatient follow-up groups should include students with established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diagnosed AH, and with altered indicators of CHD. Preventive examinations should include a simple method for studying hemodynamics – compression oscillometry.
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Cambón, Adriana, Lilia Arellano, Eva Villar-Álvarez, Xaniar Smailzadeh, Silvia Barbosa Fernández und Pablo Taboada Antelo. „New Approach for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) Treatment“. Materials Proceedings 4, Nr. 1 (12.11.2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07993.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term that includes diseases that affect the circulatory system and/or the heart. Their underlying pathology is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue in the arteries' internal wall, provoking to some extent their obstruction. Atherosclerosis is still addressed as a simple disease instead of the complex interplay of different types of cells and cascade signaling pathways, so the use of any single imaging or therapeutic agent alone is unlikely to provide a satisfactory outcome. Hence, other treatment strategies need to be implemented, in particular, those using new nanomaterials able to target the plaque and to efficiently treat it, and that can be easily released by the body without provoking adverse effects. With this background, we have designed a biocompatible drug delivery vehicle that efficiently loads and protects the drug Atorvastatin (ATO reduces the LDL levels) while a folate receptor in the external shell targets inflamed areas. To avoid the common toxic effects of folic acid (FA) or ATO in the body at certain concentrations, the vehicle will provide covalent attachment for the FA on the surface and cage structure for ATO protection. To complement the treatment, genetic material will be included in a separate compartment to actively influence the regulation of immune responses and inflammatory disorders.
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Yooprasert, Pimpimol, und Monchai Siribamrungwong. „Interrelationship between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases“. International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 2, Nr. 2 (2013): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1051.
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ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes to a large number of morbidities and mortalities globally. The main cause is due to development of atherosclerosis. Many risk factors have been identified and are treated to improve the disease outcome. Besides traditional risk factors (such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking), systemic inflammatory process was found to increase risk of cardiovascular events, as inflammation promotes atherosclerosis. Periodontal disease is a chronic disease of tooth-supporting structure, reported to have a high prevalence worldwide. The earliest step of the disease is bacterial biofilm formation on tooth surface which subsequently triggers host inflammation, both locally and systemically. With chronic inflammatory response, periodontitis can enhance atherosclerosis, and is considered a potential contributive factor for development of CVD. The purpose of this review is to provide information on periodontitis, CVD, an association between these two conditions and current knowledge on the effect of periodontal treatment on improving cardiovascular outcome. How to cite this article Yooprasert P, Siribamrungwong M. Interrelationship between Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):110-117.
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Oyewola, David Opeoluwa, Emmanuel Gbenga Dada und Sanjay Misra. „Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases by Ensemble Optimization Deep Learning Techniques“. International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 19, Nr. 1 (28.11.2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.334021.
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a variety of diseases that affect the blood vessels and the heart. The authors propose a set of deep learning inspired by the approach used in CVD support centers for the early diagnosis of CVD using deep learning techniques. Data were collected from patients who received CVD screening. The authors propose a prediction model to diagnose whether people have CVD or not and to provide awareness or diagnosis on that. The performance of each algorithm is compared with that of long-, short-time memory, feedforward, and cascade forward neural networks, and Elman neural networks. The results show that the ensemble deep learning classification and prediction model achieved 98.45% accuracy. Using the proposed early diagnosis model for CVD can help simplify the diagnosis of CVD by medical professionals.
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Alissa, Eman Mokbel. „Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases: A narrative review“. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, Nr. 4 (April 2024): 1191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1481_23.
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ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and vitamin D deficiency are becoming highly prevalent among general populations. Despite plausible biological mechanisms for the role of vitamin D in cardio-protection, a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been established. The interest in vitamin D as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate cardiovascular risk has been raised. The question about the benefit of vitamin D supplementation for cardiovascular outcomes cannot be answered certainly for the moment. The association between hypovitaminosis D and CVD has been proven by some studies while other studies deny any such link. The present narrative review gives a comprehensive overview of studies on the potential impact of hypovitaminosis D on CVD. The potential role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of CVD is also evaluated. Particular emphasis is paid to those studies that achieve a high level of scientific evidence.
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Moses, Jeban Chandir, Sasan Adibi, Maia Angelova und Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam. „Smart Home Technology Solutions for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review“. Applied System Innovation 5, Nr. 3 (27.05.2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi5030051.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality globally. Despite improvement in therapies, people with CVD lack support for monitoring and managing their condition at home and out of hospital settings. Smart Home Technologies have potential to monitor health status and support people with CVD in their homes. We explored the Smart Home Technologies available for CVD monitoring and management in people with CVD and acceptance of the available technologies to end-users. We systematically searched four databases, namely Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and IEEE, from 1990 to 2020 (search date 18 March 2020). “Smart-Home” was defined as a system using integrated sensor technologies. We included studies using sensors, such as wearable and non-wearable devices, to capture vital signs relevant to CVD at home settings and to transfer the data using communication systems, including the gateway. We categorised the articles for parameters monitored, communication systems and data sharing, end-user applications, regulations, and user acceptance. The initial search yielded 2462 articles, and the elimination of duplicates resulted in 1760 articles. Of the 36 articles eligible for full-text screening, we selected five Smart Home Technology studies for CVD management with sensor devices connected to a gateway and having a web-based user interface. We observed that the participants of all the studies were people with heart failure. A total of three main categories—Smart Home Technology for CVD management, user acceptance, and the role of regulatory agencies—were developed and discussed. There is an imperative need to monitor CVD patients’ vital parameters regularly. However, limited Smart Home Technology is available to address CVD patients’ needs and monitor health risks. Our review suggests the need to develop and test Smart Home Technology for people with CVD. Our findings provide insights and guidelines into critical issues, including Smart Home Technology for CVD management, user acceptance, and regulatory agency’s role to be followed when designing, developing, and deploying Smart Home Technology for CVD.
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Tanaka, Marina. „The Impacts and Applications of Micronutrients for Cardiovascular Diseases“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 123 (24.12.2024): 281–84. https://doi.org/10.54097/zk5fxv58.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and hypertension, remain the primary cause of death globally. Growing evidence suggests that daily intake of micronutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), plays a critical role in reducing the risk of CVDs. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of current research, highlighting how these micronutrients mitigate CVD risk by reducing inflammation, enhancing lipid metabolism, regulating blood pressure, and lowering the incidence of disease in at-risk populations. Regular consumption of appropriate levels of micronutrients can not only prevent the onset of CVDs but also improve health outcomes in patients already suffering from these conditions. Additionally, this paper underscores the importance of dietary habits in CVD prevention across various age groups. Despite the promising role of micronutrients, further research is required to establish their efficacy in treating existing cardiovascular conditions, presenting opportunities for future clinical studies.
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Garcia-Fernandez, Helena, Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva, Javier Lopez-Moreno, Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal, Juan L. Romero-Cabrera, Helena Molina-Abril, Jose D. Torres-Peña et al. „Sex-specific differences in intestinal microbiota associated with cardiovascular diseases“. Biology of Sex Differences 15, Nr. 1 (19.01.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13293-024-00582-7.
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Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), display a higher prevalence in men than women. This study aims to evaluate the variations in the intestinal microbiota between men and women afflicted with CHD and delineate these against a non-CVD control group for each sex. Methods Our research was conducted in the framework of the CORDIOPREV study, a clinical trial which involved 837 men and 165 women with CHD. We contrasted our findings with a reference group of 375 individuals (270 men, 105 women) without CVD. The intestinal microbiota was examined through 16S metagenomics on the Illumina MiSeq platform and the data processed with Quiime2 software. Results Our results showed a sex-specific variation (beta diversity) in the intestinal microbiota, while alpha-biodiversity remained consistent across both sexes. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed sex-centric alterations in the intestinal microbiota linked to CVD. Moreover, using random forest (RF) methodology, we identified seven bacterial taxa—g_UBA1819 (Ruminococcaceae), g_Bilophila, g_Subdoligranulum, g_Phascolarctobacterium, f_Barnesiellaceae, g_Ruminococcus, and an unknown genus from the Ruminococcaceae family (Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis)—as key discriminators between men and women diagnosed with CHD. The same taxa also emerged as critical discriminators between CHD-afflicted and non-CVD individuals, when analyzed separately by sex. Conclusion Our findings suggest a sex-specific dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota linked to CHD, potentially contributing to the sex disparity observed in CVD incidence. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov.Identifier NCT00924937. Graphical Abstract
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Wang, Qianyi, Fumiaki Imamura, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Eric B. Rimm, Frank M. Sacks, Donna Spiegelman, Irena B. King et al. „Abstract P265: Plasma Phospholipid Trans Fatty Acids, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Total Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study“. Circulation 127, suppl_12 (26.03.2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap265.
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Introduction: Whereas trans fatty acids (TFAs) have generally been evaluated as a group, emerging evidence suggests that trans18:2, but not trans18:1 or trans16:1, isomers are especially adverse for health. Few studies have investigated how biomarkers of different TFA isomers relate to CVD or total mortality. Objective: To examine prospective associations of circulating trans16:1n9 (16:1n9t), total trans18:1 (18:1t, the sum of 18:1n5-12), and n9cis/n6trans, n9trans/n6cis, and n9trans/n6trans 18:2 (18:2ct, 18:2tc, 18:2tt) with incident CVD events and total mortality. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 2,788 adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, age 72±5y, free of prevalent CVD, and having plasma phospholipid TFA measures from blood stored in 1992. CVD events and mortality were centrally adjudicated through 2010, including total mortality, CVD death, CHD death, nonfatal MI (NFMI), and ischemic stroke. Risk associated with each TFA was assessed using Cox proportional hazards adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle, dietary habits, prevalent diseases, and the 5 TFA mutually. Results: During 31,863 person-years, 1,681 deaths occurred including 581 CVD and 373 CHD deaths; as well as 383 NFMI and 328 ischemic strokes. 18:2ct was associated with higher CVD mortality (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 1.48, 95%CI 0.98-2.23, p trend 0.04), but not total mortality or nonfatal CVD events. 18:2tc was related to higher NFMI (HR 1.69, 95%CI 1.06-2.69, p trend<0.01), while 18:2tt was not significantly associated with mortality or CVD endpoints. Similarly, 16:1n9t was positively associated with NFMI (HR 2.96, 95%CI 1.80-4.88, p trend<0.01), and ischemic stroke (HR 2.00, 95%CI 1.19-3.36, p trend 0.02), but not mortality endpoints. 18:1t was associated with lower CVD (HR 0.52, 95%CI 0.34-0.79, p trend=0.01) and CHD (HR 0.49, 95%CI 0.29-0.84, p trend 0.02) mortality, but these findings for 18:1t were substantially (~50%+) weakened when analyses did not mutually adjust for all 5 TFA, which were intercorrelated (r -0.08 to 0.78). Conclusions: Specific 18:2 TFA isomers, 18:2ct and 18:2tc but not 18:2tt, as well as 16:1n9t are prospectively associated with higher incidence of CVD events. 18:1t is associated with lower CVD risk, perhaps owing at least partly to co-adjustment for multiple correlated TFAs. The general specificity of all findings for CVD events, rather than total mortality or non-CVD mortality, is consistent with adverse physiologic effects of TFA on CVD risk factors. These results highlight the need for further investigation of effects and determinants of specific TFA subclasses and isomers.
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Gibbs, Sophia, Adrian Bacong, Lily Amaturo, Timothy Frankland, Ana Rosales, Jiang Li, Yihe Daida, Stephen P. Fortmann und Latha Palaniappan. „Abstract P303: Investigating the Relationship Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Major Depressive Disorder Among Asians and Pacific Islanders“. Circulation 149, Suppl_1 (19.03.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.149.suppl_1.p303.
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Background: Poorer mental health is associated with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, recovery, and mortality. Experiencing CVD is also associated with poorer mental health after a CVD event. What has been less examined, is how these associations differ among disaggregated Asian and Pacific Islander (API) groups who have a lower burden of both CVD and poor mental health relative to other racial groups. Objective: To examine the association between CVD diagnosis and experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD) among API people and how it differs between racial groups. Methods: We used survey data (n=5,229) from a study of API patients in Hawai’i and California with a linked electronic health record (EHR) data. Race, sex, body mass index (BMI) and CHD, Stroke, and PVD diagnosis were obtained from EHR while MI and CAD diagnoses were from the survey. Data on health behaviors and social determinants were obtained from the survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between CVD and MDD. Results: Overall prevalence of MDD was 9.2%. Non-Hispanic White people (6.1%) had the lowest prevalence while “Pacific Islander and White” people had the highest prevalence (12.8%). In the fully adjusted models (Table), people who had a stroke (OR = 1.34, p < .001), CHD (OR = 1.32, p = .01), CAD (OR = 1.35, p = .016) or PVD (OR = 1.49, p < .001) had increased odds of MDD. There was a significant interaction between CAD and increased MDD that differed for Filipino, Asian Indian, “Pacific Islander and Asian”, “Asian and White”, and “Pacific Islander and White” groups compared to Non-Hispanic White people. Conclusion: Diagnosis of certain CVDs could increase the risk of experiencing MDD with potential race group differences for CAD. Further efforts should be made to protect the mental health of patients that have experienced a diagnosis of CVD as MDD can further harm their health outcomes. Moreover, research and treatment should consider potential racial differences in the experience of depression and CVD.
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Ausserwinkler, Mathias, Sophie Gensluckner, Andreas Voelkerer, Jens Thiel, Hans-Jörg Neumann, Maria Flamm, Christian Datz, Elmar Aigner und Bernhard Wernly. „Genetic relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular diseases“. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 26.07.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-024-02392-8.
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Summary Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized as a chronic autoimmune disorder with systemic inflammation and joint damage. Its potential role as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increasingly noted. This review delves into the causal relationship between RA and CVD, with Mendelian randomization (MR) offering a genetic perspective. Methods An extensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science to identify MR studies addressing the RA-CVD link. Out of 530 studies, 9 met the inclusion criteria, which were rigorously assessed using a critical appraisal checklist. These were further stratified by a sensitivity analysis into categories reflecting the strength of their evidence, from not evaluable to robust. Results From the nine included studies, eight supported a causal association between RA and an increased risk of CVD, specifically coronary artery disease (CAD) and one did not support a link between RA and heart failure. The results suggest that genetic factors associated with RA may contribute to an elevated risk for CVD. Chronic inflammation, prevalent in RA, emerges as a key mediator in this connection. Conclusion The systematic review corroborates a genetic causal link between RA and CVD, as evidenced by eight of the nine MR studies reviewed. This suggests a need for integrated cardiovascular risk management in the treatment of RA patients. The findings advocate considering anti-inflammatory treatment that can reduce cardiovascular risk. The overarching evidence signifies a potential direction for new therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing cardiovascular health in RA patients.
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Li, Xiaowan, Liyan Zhang, Yingying Du, Yiru Shen, Yuanzhi Gong, Junjie Wang, Juan Zhou und Sheng Wang. „Association between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: insights from NHANES data“. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 17, Nr. 1 (24.03.2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01640-9.
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Abstract Background This study intends to examine any possible correlation between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods Data from the 1999–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA were analyzed. Heart attacks, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure (CHF), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke were all covered by CVD. The independent relationships between these cardiovascular events and MLR levels, as well as other inflammatory indices (system inflammation response index (SIRI), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR)), were investigated. Furthermore, interaction tests and subgroup analysis were performed. Diagnostic capacities were also predicted and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Males made up 49.63% of the 46,289 people who were recruited in this study. The prevalence of CVD and its events were as follows: CHF at 2.99%, CHD at 3.72%, angina pectoris at 2.57%, heart attacks at 3.94%, and stroke at 3.48%, with CVD itself at 7.98%. MLR and CVD were positively correlated. Specifically, smooth curve fittings also found a non-linear relationship between MLR and CVD. Moreover, higher MLR levels were linked to increased rates of CHF, CHD, and strokes. SIRI was also found to have a positive correlation with CVD. MLR outperformed other inflammatory indices (SIRI, AISI, and CAR) in terms of discriminative capacity and accuracy in predicting CVD, CHF, CHD, angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke, according to ROC analysis. Conclusions Compared with other inflammatory indicators (SIRI, AISI, and CAR), MLR appears to be a better inflammatory index for predicting CVD, CHF, CHD, angina pectoris, heart attack, and stroke. American adults with elevated MLR and SIRI should be aware of the possible harm caused by CVD. Causal inference is, however, limited by the cross-sectional design and dependence on self-reported data. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Alnamy, Ahmad Musaddif M., Muteb Aied Alqahtani, Amer Khadeer Awedah Al Rabie, Zainah Ali Abdullah Alayyafi, Budur Ali Ahmed Alshehri, Abdulqader Mohammed Joud Allah Asiri, Amer Musa Mnhmmad Albarqi et al. „Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview for Treatment Strategies and Diagnostic Tools“. Journal of Ecohumanism 3, Nr. 8 (31.12.2024). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.6491.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, encompassing conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and aortic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, driven by risk factors like dyslipidemia, hypertension, and lifestyle habits, underlies many CVDs. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the prevalence of CVD continues to rise, necessitating effective prevention and management strategies. Aim: This article provides an overview of CVD, focusing on its pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies. It emphasizes the importance of risk factor modification, early detection, and interprofessional collaboration of pharmacists, clinical pathologists, epidemiology workers, and medical records workers in improving patient outcomes. Methods: The review synthesizes evidence from landmark studies, such as the INTERHEART and Framingham Heart studies, and current guidelines from organizations like the American Heart Association (AHA). It explores the role of diagnostic tools, including electrocardiograms, cardiac enzymes, and advanced imaging techniques, alongside emerging methods like coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. Results: CVD is influenced by both modifiable (e.g., smoking, physical inactivity) and non-modifiable (e.g., age, family history) risk factors. Early detection and management of atherosclerosis are critical for prevention. Interprofessional care models have demonstrated improved outcomes in heart failure and CAD, reducing mortality and hospital readmissions. Emerging therapies, such as PCSK9 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, show promise in managing CVD. Conclusion: Addressing CVD requires a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and interprofessional collaboration. Public health initiatives and patient education are essential for reducing the global burden of CVD.
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Peng, Bo, Hong Yu Wang, Decontee Kaye, Yeonjoo Cho, Delaney Goulet, Matthew Hansen und Dennis Goulet. „Abstract 11522: The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. Circulation 144, Suppl_1 (16.11.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.144.suppl_1.11522.
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Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more ultrasound confirmed pregnancy losses or three or more pregnancy losses at any location. Evidence suggests that women with a history of RPL have an increased risk of coronary heart disease. However, the association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and RPL remains unclear. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether RPL is a risk factor for CVD. Methods: Population-based studies on MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Embase that investigated the risk of CVD in women with or without a history of RPL were included. The incidences of CVD events and its composite endpoints myocardial infarction/coronary heart diseases (MI/CHD), stroke/cerebrovascular diseases (stroke/CeVD), circulatory system diseases (CSD) were extracted and presented with odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was analyzed with I 2 . Results: A total of 809 articles were retrieved and 6 studies were included. The incidences of CVD events was significantly increased (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.99, P=0.008, I 2 =96%) in 13176 women with RPL (≥2 pregnancy losses) compare to 403278 controls; a borderline increase of MI/CHD risk was also found (OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.08, P=0.05, I 2 =78%), whereas no significant differences of stroke/CeVD (OR=1.25, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.98, P=0.35, I 2 =73%) and CSD risks (OR=1.17, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.67, P=0.05, I 2 =93%) were observed. In 1594 women with three or more pregnancy losses, an increased incidence of CVD events was found compared to 311385 women without (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.40, P=0.03, I 2 =71%). The risks of MI/CHD (OR=3.03, 95% CI 1.45 to 6.35, P=0.003, I 2 =78%) and stroke/CeVD (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.93, P<0.00001, I 2 =0%) were significantly increased in these women but not CSD (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.76, P=0.13, I 2 =57%). Conclusion: Our study suggested an association between RPL and increased risks of CVD and MI/CHD. The risks of stroke/CeVD may be elevated in women with three or more pregnancy losses. Our work provides a better understanding of the sex-specific risk factors of CVD. Further research may help to identify the causal link between RPL and CVD and determine the need for early screening and intervention in women at risk.
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Dahilkar, Rupesh P., Supriya Sardar und Indira Ghosh. „Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes“. International journal of health sciences, 09.06.2022, 13735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.8708.
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Background: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with the metabolic syndrome has not been thoroughly established (at least 3 of the following: abdominal adiposity, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose). The goal was to look at the relationship between metabolic syndrome traits and the risk of CVD, CHD, and T2DM. Methods and Results: Over the course of two years, the researchers followed a group of 300 middle-aged persons for the development of new CVD, CHD, and T2DM. Out of 300 subjects, who did not have CVD or T2DM at either visit, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (≥3 of 5 traits) was 25.67% (n=77). During follow-up, there were 8 cases of total CHD, 13 cases of CVD and 18 cases of T2DM. Waist girth, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP was significantly (p<0.05) higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome as compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Abnormal cholesterol profile was found more in subjects with metabolic syndrome as compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome.