Thematische Bibliographien / CCDC80

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „CCDC80“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. März 2023

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "CCDC80":

Liang, Zi-Qian, Li Gao, Jun-Hong Chen, Wen-Bin Dai, Ya-Si Su und Gang Chen. „Downregulation of the Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 80 and Its Perspective Mechanisms in Ovarian Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Study“. International Journal of Genomics 2021 (15.11.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3752871.

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Introduction. We aimed to explore the downregulation of the coiled-coil domain containing 80 (CCDC80) and its underlying molecular mechanisms in ovarian carcinoma (OVCA). Materials/Methods. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the expression status of CCDC80 protein. Combining the data from in-house tissue microarrays and high-throughput datasets, we identified the expression level of CCDC80 in OVCA. We utilized cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to explore the relationship between CCDC80 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) landscape in OVCA. Pathway enrichment, function annotation, and transcription factor (TFs) exploration were conducted to study the latent molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the cell line data in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was used to discover the relationship between CCDC80 and drug sensitivity. Results. An integrated standard mean difference (SMD) of −0.919 (95% CI: −1.515–0.324, P = 0.002 ) identified the downregulation of CCDC80 in OVCA based on 1048 samples, and the sROC ( AUC = 0.76 ) showed a moderate discriminatory ability of CCDC80 in OVCA. The fraction of infiltrating naive B cells showed significant differences between the high- and low-CCDC80 expression groups. Also, CCDC80-related genes are enriched in the Ras signaling pathway and metabolic of lipid. Nuclear receptor subfamily three group C member 1 (NR3C1) may be an upstream TF of CCDC80, and CCDC80 may be related to the sensitivity of mitocycin C and nilotinib. Conclusion. CCDC80 was downregulated in OVCA and may play a role as a tumor suppressor in OVCA.

Grill, Jessica I., und Frank T. Kolligs. „DRO1/CCDC80: a Novel Tumor Suppressor of Colorectal Carcinogenesis“. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports 11, Nr. 4 (19.06.2015): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11888-015-0276-3.

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Brusegan, Chiara, Anna Pistocchi, Andrea Frassine, Isabella Della Noce, Filippo Schepis und Franco Cotelli. „ccdc80-l1 Is Involved in Axon Pathfinding of Zebrafish Motoneurons“. PLoS ONE 7, Nr. 2 (22.02.2012): e31851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031851.

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Grill, Jessica I., Jens Neumann, Andreas Herbst, Andrea Ofner, Felix Hiltwein, Maximilian K. Marschall, Heike Zierahn, Eckhard Wolf, Marlon R. Schneider und Frank T. Kolligs. „Loss of DRO1/CCDC80 results in obesity and promotes adipocyte differentiation“. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 439 (Januar 2017): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.014.

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Leone, Vincenza, Angelo Ferraro, Filippo Schepis, Antonella Federico, Romina Sepe, Claudio Arra, Concetta Langella et al. „The cl2/dro1/ccdc80 null mice develop thyroid and ovarian neoplasias“. Cancer Letters 357, Nr. 2 (Februar 2015): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.010.

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Tremblay, Frédéric, Tracy Revett, Christine Huard, Ying Zhang, James F. Tobin, Robert V. Martinez und Ruth E. Gimeno. „Bidirectional Modulation of Adipogenesis by the Secreted Protein Ccdc80/DRO1/URB“. Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, Nr. 12 (13.01.2009): 8136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m809535200.

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Chan, Siu Chiu, Ying Zhang, Marco Pontoglio und Peter Igarashi. „Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β regulates Wnt signaling through genome-wide competition with β-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 48 (11.11.2019): 24133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909452116.

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Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) is a tissue-specific transcription factor that is essential for normal kidney development and renal tubular function. Mutations of HNF-1β produce cystic kidney disease, a phenotype associated with deregulation of canonical (β-catenin–dependent) Wnt signaling. Here, we show that ablation of HNF-1β in mIMCD3 renal epithelial cells produces hyperresponsiveness to Wnt ligands and increases expression of Wnt target genes, including Axin2, Ccdc80, and Rnf43. Levels of β-catenin and expression of Wnt target genes are also increased in HNF-1β mutant mouse kidneys. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in wild-type and mutant cells showed that ablation of HNF-1β increases by 6-fold the number of sites on chromatin that are occupied by β-catenin. Remarkably, 50% of the sites that are occupied by β-catenin in HNF-1β mutant cells colocalize with HNF-1β–occupied sites in wild-type cells, indicating widespread reciprocal binding. We found that the Wnt target genes Ccdc80 and Rnf43 contain a composite DNA element comprising a β-catenin/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) site overlapping with an HNF-1β half-site. HNF-1β and β-catenin/LEF compete for binding to this element, and thereby HNF-1β inhibits β-catenin–dependent transcription. Collectively, these studies reveal a mechanism whereby a transcription factor constrains canonical Wnt signaling through direct inhibition of β-catenin/LEF chromatin binding.

Iaccarino, D., M. Fedrigo, C. Castellani, I. Della Noce, S. Carra, F. Cotelli, G. Thiene, A. Angelini und F. Schepis. „P316Expression and functional role of Ccdc80 in developing heart and in cardiomyopathies.“ Cardiovascular Research 103, suppl 1 (27.06.2014): S57.4—S58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvu091.4.

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O'Leary, Erin E., Anna M. Mazurkiewicz-Muñoz, Lawrence S. Argetsinger, Travis J. Maures, Hung T. Huynh und Christin Carter-Su. „Identification of Steroid-Sensitive Gene-1/Ccdc80 as a JAK2-Binding Protein“. Molecular Endocrinology 27, Nr. 4 (01.04.2013): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2011-1275.

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Blanton, Robert M., Craig Cooper, Anja Hergruetter und Timothy Calamaras. „Ccdc80 Functions as a PKGIa Substrate and is Secreted From Cardiac Myocytes“. Journal of Cardiac Failure 23, Nr. 8 (August 2017): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.07.064.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "CCDC80":

BRUSEGAN, CHIARA. „CCDC80 AND CCDC80-L1: IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TWO NOVEL GENES INVOLVED IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) DEVELOPMENT“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168377.

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The ccdc80 and ccdc80-like1 (ccdc80-l1) genes were isolated in zebrafish in silico, on the basis of their high aminoacidic sequence identity with the human CCDC80 protein (coiled-coil domain containing 80). In human, CCDC80 is involved in several carcinomas, and during recent years it has been proposed as an onco-suppressor gene, increasing the interest in the comprehension of its functions. During my Ph.D., I have been studying the expression patterns and the functions of its zebrafish homologs, in order to gain insights into the processes and the molecular mechanisms in which they are involved. I took advantage of zebrafish as a model system allowing the application of common genetic and biological experimental assays such as PCR, whole mount in situ hybridization and microinjection technique. I investigated ccdc80 and ccdc80-l1 functions during zebrafish embryonic development, finding that they show very different expression patterns and roles. ccdc80 is expressed in the notochord during somitogenesis up to 48 hour post fertilization (hpf). At this stage, it is expressed also in the heart. Instead, at the same developmental stages, ccdc80-l1 is expressed in cranial ganglia, adaxial cells, muscle pioneers and dorsal dermis. These patterns are suggestive of different roles, in fact, the genes are involved in distinct developmental processes, such as somitogenesis and axonal pathfinding, respectively. Functional analysis were obtained performing loss- and gain-of-function experiments. The results clearly demonstrated that manipulation of Ccdc80 protein levels during embryonic development, both increasing and decreasing them, leads to a severe impairment of somites, metameric structures from which several tissues derive, such as muscle. Nevertheless, this phenotype seemed to be recovered at 24 hpf, since at this stage somites no longer showed the same morphological alterations observed previously. By converse, notwithstanding its expression in muscular tissues, loss-of-ccdc80-l1 does not impair somites formation, leading instead to motoneurons axonal migrations defects, capable to affect embryonic motility. Given the external development of the zebrafish embryo, motility is required very soon for prey and escaping predators, and muscle and motoneurons are equally required for a proper motor behavior. Communication and interactions between these two tissues are fundamental for proper muscles innervation and transmission of nervous inputs to be translated in muscular contractions. ccdc80 and ccdc80-l1 may derive from an ancestor gene involved in these processes and, during evolution, may have developed different functions, but still bound to a key process for embryonic viability in the external environment.

Iaccarino, Daniele. „Expression and functional role of Ccdc80 in normal heart and cardiomyopathies“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423640.

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Background: The gene Coiled Coil Domain Containing 80 (Ccdc80) is widely expressed in normal human tissues, at particularly high levels in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Its role is well defined in tumor suppression, axon path finding, glucose homeostasis, bone marrow stromal cells and adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, it plays a role in embryonic development of lens and muscle, but no clear-cut data are available about the role of Ccdc80 in heart development and in heart disease. Aims: To define if Ccdc80 is expressed during embryonic development of zebrafish heart and if its functional block causes alterations of heart structure or contractility; to define the expression pattern of Ccdc80 protein in normal heart vs cardiomyopathies in humans (samples taken from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy – DCM) and rodents (samples taken from right ventricle heart failure induced by monocrotaline – MCT). Results: In zebrafish Ccdc80 is widely expressed in the forming heart, during all the developmental stages; Ccdc80-morphants show defects in the developing heart, with impaired cardiac looping, atrium enlargement, blood stasis and peripheral congestion. These phenotypical alterations, similar to heart failure, are due to a disorder of the late phase of cardiac development, after myocyte differentiation. In normal human and rats, Ccdc80 mRNA, analized by Northern blot technique, showed a higher expression in atria compared to ventricles, while the Ccdc80 protein (108 Kd), analized by Western blot, showed similar expression levels in atria and ventricles. Ccdc80 protein showed different expression patterns, in atria and ventricles with a cytoplasmic localization and co-localization with sarcomeric proteins at immunofluorescence analysis. In pathological samples (DCM and MCT rats) Ccd80 protein showed evident overexpression and different isoforms, related to protein phosphorylation and secreted protein isoform, suggesting a different feature in pathological conditions compared to normal. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that Ccdc80 has an indispensable role for correct heart development. In complete developed heart, Ccdc80 showed an adaptive function to stress conditions, such as pressure overload, and in cardiomyopathies showed increased expression and different isoforms
Introduzione: Il gene Coiled Coil Domain Containing 80 (Ccdc80) è ampiamente espresso in tessuti umani normali, a livelli particolarmente elevati nel cuore, muscolo scheletrico e tessuto adiposo. E’ ben definito il suo ruolo come oncosoppressore, nella innervazione degli assoni, nella omeostasi glicemica, e nel differenziamento delle cellule stromali del midollo osseo e degli adipociti. Inoltre, svolge un ruolo nello sviluppo embrionale muscolare e della lente del cristallino, ma non sono disponibili dati sul ruolo di Ccdc80 nello sviluppo del cuore e nelle malattie cardiache. Obiettivi : Definire se Ccdc80 è espresso durante lo sviluppo embrionale del cuore zebrafish e se il suo blocco funzionale provoca alterazioni della struttura o della contrattilità; definire il pattern di espressione della proteina Ccdc80 nel cuore normale vs cardiomiopatie nell'uomo (campioni prelevati da pazienti con cardiomiopatia dilatativa - DCM ) e roditori (campioni prelevati da ratti con insufficienza ventricolare destra indotta da monocrotalina - MCT). Risultati: In zebrafish Ccdc80 è ampiamente espresso nel cuore in formazione, durante tutte le fasi di sviluppo; i morfanti per Ccdc80 mostrano difetti nello sviluppo cardiaco, con alterato looping, dilatazione atriale, stasi ematica e congestione periferica. Queste alterazioni fenotipiche, simili ad uno scompenso cardiaco, sono dovuti ad un disturbo della fase tardiva dello sviluppo cardiaco, dopo che la differenziazione dei miociti è già stata completata. Nei campioni normali di uomo e ratto, l’RNA messaggero di Ccdc80, analizzato con tecnica di Northern blot, è risultato maggiormente espresso negli atri rispetto ai ventricoli, il mentre l’espressione della proteina Ccdc80 (108 Kd), analizzata con tecnica Western blot, è risultata simile negli atri e nei ventricoli. La proteina Ccdc80 ha mostrato pattern di espressione diversi in atri e ventricoli, con localizzazione citoplasmatica e chiara co-localizzazione con le proteine sarcomeriche all’immunofluorescenza. Nei campioni patologici (DCM ed MCT ratti) la proteina Ccd80 ha mostrato una netta iper-espressione sia negli atri che nei ventricoli, e la presenza di diverse isoforme, suggerendo diverse funzioni in condizioni patologiche rispetto al normale . Conclusioni: I nostri risultati hanno dimostrato che Ccdc80 ha un ruolo indispensabile nello sviluppo cardiaco. Nel cuore adulto, Ccdc80 si manifesta con diverse isoforme e maggiore espressione, rivestendo una funzione adattativa in condizioni di stress, come il sovraccarico di pressione, e nelle cardiomiopatie

Penna, Elisa. „REGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL Ca2+ UPTAKE: ROLE OF CCDC90A AND CCDC90B“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424406.

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Intracellular signaling requires rapid and efficient changes in the intracellular concentration of messengers through time. One of most important second messenger is Calcium. Mitochondria are important component in intracellular signaling and Ca2+ is one of the key regulators of organelle physiology. Its uptake inside the organelle is driven by the potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane, through a selective ion channel, called Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) (De Stefani, D., et al., Nature (2011); Baughman, J.M., et al., Nature (2011)). Ca2+ plays a pleiotropic role into mitochondria, ranging from the regulation of ATP production, to the shaping of cytoplasmic Ca2+ waves and activation of apoptosis (Rizzuto, R., et al., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2012)). MCU is the core element of the so-called “MCU complex”. Several pathological conditions are directly or indirectly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, and the molecular characterization of the MCU complex, that is responsible for the highly selective transport of Ca2+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane, gives the opportunity to modulate mitochondrial function by modifying MCU channel activity. The mechanism by which Ca2+ is transported into mitochondria has been unclear for a long time and several proteins have been identified in the past years. We now know that the MCU complex is formed by MCU, the selective channel that allows Ca2+ entry into the matrix, its dominant negative isoform MCUb, the Essential MCU REgulator (EMRE) and two channel modulators, Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1 and Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 2 (MICU1 and MICU2) (De Stefani, D. and Rizzuto,R., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2014)). Recently, another regulator was discovered and named MCU Regulator 1 (MCUR1). MCUR1 down regulation causes a decrease in agonists-induced mitochondrial calcium transients; moreover, MCUR1 is able to bind MCU but not MICU1, thus suggesting that MCU may exists in two different complexes, one with MCUR1 and another one with MICU1 (Mallilankaraman, K., et al., Nat Cell Biol (2012)) . We found that MCUR1 (formerly known as CCDC90A) has also an isoform, named CCDC90B, whose function is still totally unknown. This work is thus focused on the role of these two proteins in the regulation of the MCU complex activity. We found that both MCUR1 and CCDC90B are integral proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane, they are broadly expressed among tissues, and CCDC90B mRNA is generally present at higher levels than MCUR1. From the functional point of view, silencing of MCUR1 or CCDC90B leads to a decrease of mitochondrial calcium influx. However, we could detect only a marginal functional interaction between these two proteins and the other components of the MCU complex. Accordingly, the down regulation of both these proteins decreases mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall our data suggest that MCUR1 and its isoform CCDC90B have an indirect effect on mitochondrial calcium uptake, due to a mechanism that we are currently addressing and could depend on the assembly of ETC complexes (Paupe, V., et al., Cell Metabolism (2015)).
I meccanismi di trasduzione di segnali intracellulari richiedono cambiamenti rapidi ed efficienti della concentrazione di molecole segnale nel tempo. Uno dei più importanti secondi messaggeri è il Calcio (Ca2+). I mitocondri sono fondamentali nella segnalazione intracellulare e il Ca2+ è a sua volta un elemento chiave della fisiologia di questi organelli. L’accumulo di Ca2+ all’interno dei mitocondri è guidato dal potenziale di membrana (Ψm), attraverso un canale ionico selettivo chiamato Mitochodrial Calcium Uniporter (MCU) (De Stefani, D., et al., Nature (2011); Baughman, J.M., et al., Nature (2011)). Il Ca2+ svolge un ruolo pleiotropico nei mitocondri, che va dalla regolamentazione della produzione di ATP, al controllo delle onde di Ca2+ citoplasmatico fino all’attivazione dell’apoptosi cellulare (Rizzuto, R., et al., Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2012)). MCU è l’elemento principale dell’omonimo complesso denominato “complesso MCU”. Diverse condizioni patologiche sono direttamente o indirettamente legate a disfunzioni delle funzioni mitocondriali. La caratterizzazione molecolare del complesso di MCU, responsabile del trasporto selettivo degli ioni Ca2+ attraverso la membrana mitocondriale interna (IMM), offre la possibilità di modulare l’attività del canale MCU, fondamentale per la funzione signaling mitocondriale. Il meccanismo con il quale lo ione Ca2+ è trasportato all’interno dei mitocondri è tuttavia rimasto un mistero per molto tempo. Negli ultimi anni di ricerca diverse proteine sono state identificate come parte del complesso di MCU. Attualmente i protagonisti nell’attività di uptake di Ca2+ nel mitocondrio sono: MCU, il canale selettivo che permette l’accesso esclusivo agli ioni Ca2+ nella matrice mitocondriale; la sua isoforma MCUb, che svolge un effetto dominante negativo sull’attività del canale; EMRE, un regolatore essenziale di MCU e infine i due modulatori del canale MICU1 e MICU2, rispettivamente acronimi di Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1 e 2 (De Stefani, D. e Rizzuto, R., Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2014)) . Recentemente è stato scoperto un nuovo regolatore, chiamato MCU Regulator 1 (MCUR1). È stato provato che la riduzione dell’espressione di MCUR1 causa una rilevante riduzione della concentrazione di Calcio nella matrice mitocondriale. È inoltre riportato che MCUR1 è fisicamente legato a MCU, ma non presenta alcuna interazione fisica con MICU1, suggerendo la possibile esistenza di due tipologie di complessi MCU: uno con MICU1 e un altro con MCUR1, ma non con entrambi simultaneamente (Mallilankaraman, K., et al., Nat Cell Biol (2012)). In questo lavoro di ricerca è stato scoperto che MCUR1, conosciuto anche come CCDC90A, possiede un’isoforma, nota col nome di CCDC90B, e sua funzione è attualmente ancora sconosciuta. Pertanto abbiamo focalizzato la nostra attenzione su queste due proteine e la loro possibile funzione nel complesso di MCU. Entrambe le proteine, CCDC90A e CCDC90B, risiedono nella membrana mitocondriale interna, e sono espresse in tutti i tessuti umani. In particolare, in molti di essi l’mRNA di CCDC90B è generalmente presente in quantità superiore rispetto a CCDC90A. Dal punto di vista funzionale, il silenziamento di entrambe le proteine causa una diminuzione del flusso di Ca2+ mitocondriale. Tuttavia, entrambe le proteine hanno dimostrato solo una minima interazione funzionale con gli altri componenti del complesso di MCU. Inoltre, il silenziamento di CCDC90A e CCDC90B causa una significativa depolarizzazione del potenziale di membrana mitocondriale. Complessivamente, i dati raccolti in questo lavoro suggeriscono che sia CCDC90A che la sua isoforma CCDC90B hanno un effetto indiretto sull’accumulo mitocondriale di Ca2+. Probabilmente, questo effetto è correlato all’azione che queste due proteine potrebbero svolgere nell’assemblaggio dei complessi della catena di trasporto degli elettroni (mETC) (Paupe, V., et al., Cell Metabolism (2015)).

Osorio, Conles Óscar. „Mediadores del metabolismo de lípidos en el tejido adiposo y muscular: las adipomioquinas PTX3 y CCDC80, y la proteína de unión de ácidos grasos FATP1“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/291823.

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El WAT se considera un tejido dinámico que secreta factores y dirige señales a otros tejidos, modulando a nivel sistémico el metabolismo de lípidos, la acción de la insulina, la homeostasis metabólica y la inmunidad. La acumulación grasa en VAT suele ir acompañada de una activación e infiltración de los ATMs, es responsable de una inflamación de bajo grado y de la liberación de factores promotores de insulinorresistencia. Las adipoquinas, son secretadas por los adipocitos y participan en el diálogo endocrino con otros tejidos. En la obesidad, el perfil de expresión de adipoquinas cambia en respuesta a la cantidad y la condición del órgano adiposo. En esta tesis se han estudiado dos potenciales adipoquinas: PTX3 y CCDC80. PTX3 aparece desregulada en la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico, sus niveles circulantes se correlacionaron inversamente con adiposidad, niveles de leptina, CRP e IL-6 en individuos sanos. Es este estudio demostró que los valores plasmáticos de PTX3 en una cohorte de 27 individuos delgados y 48 con sobrepeso correlacionaron negativamente con los niveles basales de triglicéridos y la secreción a insulina tras OGTT. En una segunda cohorte compuesta de 19 individuos delgados, 28 con sobrepeso y 15 obesos se observó una asociación inversa con el peso corporal y la relación cintura/cadera. En VAT se hallaron niveles de mRNA mayores en obesos que en delgados, correlacionando positivamente con los de IL-1β, y mayores en la fracción adipocitaria que en la estromovascular. En adipocitos SGBS cultivados, la expresión se incrementó en respuesta a IL-1β y TNFα pero no a IL-6 o insulina. PTX3 podría cumplir un papel en el control metabólico. Su expresión génica aumenta en VAT en la obesidad, pese a encontrarse unos menores niveles plasmáticos, y en respuesta a citoquinas proinflamatorias en adipocitos cultivados. CCDC80 es una proteína secretada por los adipocitos que regula la homeostasis energética en ratones con obesidad inducida por dieta. Su relación con la obesidad se desconocía. Nuestro estudio encontró un contenido en CCDC80 60% menor en VAT que en SAT en individuos delgados. Éste se vio incrementado en VAT de individuos obesos respecto a delgados. En una cohorte con distintos grados de obesidad, los niveles plasmáticos correlacionaron negativamente con la secreción de insulina y los niveles de glucosa tras OGTT, y positivamente con el recuento de neutrófilos sanguíneos y los niveles de MCP-1 circulantes. En otra cohorte de obesos mórbidos se encontraron asociaciones con el grado de esteatosis, los niveles circulantes de CRP y el espesor íntima-media carotídeo. Así, CCDC80 aparece sobreexpresada en VAT en obesidad y sus niveles se asocian con una mejora en la tolerancia a la glucosa pero también con marcadores inflamatorios, independientemente de la obesidad. En la obesidad mórbida, se asocian con un desajuste del perfil metabólico, incluyendo inflamación, hígado graso y enfermedad vascular. El paso limitante en la entrada y β-oxidación de FA de cadena larga es su transporte al interior celular y mitocondria mediante FAT o FATP1l y CPTs o CACT. FATP1 es capaz de incrementar la captación de ácidos grasos en músculo aunque su localización subcelular y mecanismo de acción, continúan siendo discutidos. Además, FATP1 podría dirigir el destino matebólico de los FAs captados. Nuestro estudio localizó FATP1 en fracciones de membrana externa e intermembrana mitocondriales en músculo esquelético de ratón, lo que podría determinar sus efectos metabólicos. La sobreexpresión de FATP1 incrementó la disponibilidad tanto de ácidos grasos sistémicos como triglicéridos intramusculares. No contribuyó a la desregulación metabólica inducida por la dieta grasa. Sin embargo, FATP1 produjo una hipercetonemia, probablemente secundaria al ahorro en la oxidación de cuerpos cetónicos resultante del incremento de la oxidación de los ácidos grasos muscular.
WAT is a dynamic tissue that secretes factors to modulate sistemic lipid metabolism, insulin action, metabolic homeostasis and immunity. Fat accumulation in VAT is often accompanied by activation and infiltration of ATMs, is responsible for a low-grade inflammation and of the release of factors promoting insulin resistance. Adipokines are secreted by adipocytes and participate in the endocrine dialogue with other tissues. In obesity, the adipokine expression profile changes in response to the amount and condition of adiposity. We have explored two potential adipokines: PTX3 and CCDC80. PTX3 seems to be deregulated in obesity and metabolic syndrome, its circulating levels are inversely correlated with adiposity, leptin, CRP and IL-6 levels in healthy individuals. We have observed that PTX3 gene expression increased in VAT in obesity, despite lower plasma levels, and in response to proinflammatory cytokines in cultured SGBS adipocytes. CCDC80 is secreted by adipocytes and regulates energy homeostasis in mice with diet-induced obesity, its relationship with human obesity was unknown. We showed that CCDC80 is overexpressed in VAT in obesity and its levels are associated with an improvement in glucose tolerance, but with inflammatory markers independently of obesity. In morbid obesity, its levels are associated with an imbalance in the metabolic profile, including inflammation, fatty liver and vascular disease. The limiting step in the uptake and β-oxidation of long-chain FAs is their transport into the cell and mitochondria using FAT or FATP1, and CPTs or CACT. FATP1 increases FAs uptake into muscle although its subcellular location and mechanism of action are unknown. Our study located FATP1 in outer mitochondrial membrane and intermembrane space fractions in mouse skeletal muscle. FATP1 overexpression enhanced disposal of both intramuscular triglycerides and systemic fatty acids. However, FATP1 lead to hyperketonemia, likely secondary to the sparing of ketone body oxidation by the enhanced oxidation of fatty acids in muscle.

Wolter, Alexander [Verfasser], und Heymut [Akademischer Betreuer] Omran. „Molecular characterization of IDA defects caused by mutations in genes encoding for the 96 nm axonemal ruler proteins CCDC39 and CCDC40 in human respiratory cilia / Alexander Wolter ; Betreuer: Heymut Omran“. Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204480850/34.

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Wijesinghe, Susanne. „Role of long non-coding RNA CCDC26 in gene regulation“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8441/.

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LncRNAs are increasingly being recognised as functionally important for regulation of biological processes. We have identified an lncRNA which we believe is integral in lineage commitment during haematopoiesis. Here, we report that CCDC26 lncRNA is a regulator of β-globin and c-MYC gene expression. Indeed, CCDC26 silencing in erythroleukemic K562 cells led to several gene expression changes. Upon further investigation of genes linked to erythropoiesis, we observed the upregulation of β-globin expression. Our results suggest that CCDC26 regulates expression of β-globin and other genes by modulating epigenetic changes which could be important in linage-commitment. We have results to suggest the expression of β-globin and c-MYC genes may be synergistic and promotes differentiation of K562. Finally, RNAseq data further supports upregulation of differentiation specific genes further underpinning our hypothesis that this lncRNA may play an important role in lineage commitment.

Schreiber, Sabrina [Verfasser], Jörg T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Epplen und Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. „On the role of CCDC66 gene products in retina and extraretinal tissues of the CCDC66-deficient mouse model for retinal degeneration / Sabrina Schreiber. Gutachter: Jörg T. Epplen ; Matthias Schmidt“. Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095884085/34.

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Murray, Philip. „A clinical and molecular study of the growth disorder 3-M syndrome“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-clinical-and-molecular-study-of-the-growth-disorder-3m-syndrome(5509fea9-84a8-4883-9991-2a17d2fa4964).html.

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3-M syndrome (named after three authors who first described the condition) is an autosomal recessive condition characterised by pre- and post-natal growth impairment, facial dysmorphism and radiological features (slender long bones and tall vertebral bodies). It is caused by loss of function mutations in the Cullin 7 (CUL7) and Obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1) genes. CUL7 is a protein involved in ubiquitination (the process of targeted protein degradation) and OBSL1 is a putative cytoskeletal adaptor protein. The mechanisms through which loss of function mutations in OBSL1 or CUL7 lead to growth impairment is unclear but previous work suggests impaired placental function and altered insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling as possibilities. The overall aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying growth impairment in 3-M syndrome. Initially phenotypic data was collected on a cohort of patients and a genotype-phenotype comparison was undertaken. Skin fibroblast cell lines were derived from four patients with 3-M syndrome and used to study growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 signal transduction, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Subsequently a hypothesis generating approach to identify novel mechanisms underlying 3-M growth impairment was undertaken in whole transcriptome and metabolomic studies. In addition an animal model using morpholino oligonucleotide mediated knock down of OBSL1 in Xenopus tropicalis was developed to study the effects on growth in a non placenting vertebrate to determine if the growth impairment seen in 3-M syndrome is independent of placental function. Cell proliferation was reduced in 3-M fibroblasts while apoptosis was not different from controls. No differences in GH signal transduction were identified but reduced activation of AKT following IGF-1 stimulation was identified in 3-M fibroblast cell lines. IGF2 was identified as the top downregulated probeset in 3-M fibroblasts compared to control in the whole genome transcriptome analysis. Metabolomic changes related to energy metabolism were identified in 3-M syndrome fibroblasts. Knock down of xtOBSL1 using two independent morpholinos resulted in growth impairment at embryonic stage 50, suggesting the growth impairment seen is at least in part independent of placental function. These studies suggest impaired placental function is not a key component of the growth impairment in 3-M syndrome. Impairment of IGF-1 signal transduction and IGF2 silencing are likely to contribute to the growth impairment in 3-M syndrome. The mechanisms relating to this IGF2 silencing require further studies.

Liao, Wenjuan. „CCDC3| A new p63 target gene involved in regulation of liver lipid metabolism“. Thesis, Tulane University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244895.

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TAp63, a member of the p53 family, has been shown to regulate energy metabolism. Here, we report coiled coil domain-containing 3 (CCDC3) as a new TAp63 target. TAp63, but not ΔNp63, p53 or p73, induces the expression of CCDC3 mRNA level by directly binding to the p63 consensus DNA binding sequence within the CCDC3 enhancer region. The CCDC3 expression is markedly reduced in TAp63-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts and brown adipose tissues and by tumor necrosis factor alpha that reduces p63 transcriptional activity but induced by metformin, an anti-diabetic drug that activates p63. Also, the expression of CCDC3 is positively correlated with TAp63 levels, but inversely with ΔNp63 levels, during adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, CCDC3, as a secreted protein, targets liver cancer cells and increases long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, but decreases ceramide in the cells. CCDC3 alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver (steatosis) formation in transgenic CCDC3 mice on the high-fat diet by markedly reducing hepatic PPARγ expression and consequently leading to a drastic decrease of the PPARγ target gene, CIDEA, and other genes involved in de novo lipogenesis and of lipid droplets formation in their livers. Similar results are reproduced by hepatic expression of ectopic CCDC3 in mice on high-fat diet. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CCDC3 modulates liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting liver de novo lipogenesis as a downstream player of the p63 network.

Austin, Christina Anne. „Sensational Propellers: Novel Protein Functions in Cilia Assembly and Motility“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10974.

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Cilia and flagella are hair-like projections found on the surface of virtually every vertebrate cell. These microtubule-based organelles are historically known for their striking motility, a valuable tool for the manipulation of fluid environments. In addition, immotile (or 'primary') cilia play critical roles in cell signaling. More than ten human diseases have been linked to cilia function, with pleiotropic phenotypes including obesity, kidney and liver disease, skeletal abnormalities, situs defects, mental retardation, and sterility. In this dissertation, I first examine the function of Cep290, a putative master regulator of cilia biology, which is mutated in five human ciliopathies. I found that the zebrafish Cep290 protein was localized in a cell-type specific fashion to two distinct ciliary compartments: transition zones and centriolar satellites. Through morpholino knockdown, I demonstrated that Cep290 regulates the length of photoreceptor, Kupffer’s vesicle, and spinal canal cilia, while it was dispensable for normal cilia length in other tissues. Rescue of Cep290 associated cilia length defects by overexpression of cilia membrane proteins implicated Cep290 in cilia vesicle trafficking. Unexpectedly, I found that Cep290 deficiency in Kupffer’s vesicle and spinal canal resulted in cilia paralysis, accounting for left right asymmetry and hydrocephalus phenotypes, and identifying a novel function for Cep290 in dynein arm assembly. In the second chapter I identify and characterize three novel ciliopathy genes. We performed a small-scale morpholino screen to test the function of predicted cilia proteins. Three genes essential to cilia motility were identified: c21orf59, ccdc65, and c15orf26. Parallel studies in other systems revealed that C21orf59 was a component of the flagellar matrix required for the assembly of outer dynein arms, while Ccdc65 was part of the dynein regulatory complex, which regulates ciliary beat patterns. Importantly, we discovered that both C21ORF59 and CCDC65 were mutated in patients diagnosed with the human motile cilia disorder primary ciliary dyskinesia, identifying two novel human disease genes. Taken together, this work analyses multiple requirements for the assembly of motile and primary cilia and highlights the utility of the zebrafish system in investigations of cilia biology, particularly in the discovery and characterization of human disease genes.

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Bücher zum Thema "CCDC80":

J, Kirsh Harvey, Hollett Karen G und Cassels, Brock & Blackwell (Firm). Construction Law Dept., Hrsg. Annotated stipulated price construction contract (CCDC 2 - 1982). Aurora, Ont: Canada Law Book, 1989.

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Jesús, López García J., und Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Centro de Ciencias del Diseño y de la Construcción., Hrsg. La investigación: Una experiencia pausada en el CCDC. Aguascalientes, Ags: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 2007.

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Kirsh, Harvey J. Kirsh and Roth: The annotated construction contract (CCDC 2-1994). Aurora, Ont: Canada Law Book, 1997.

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IFIP TC6/ICCC Conference on Computer Communications (3rd 1991 Tunis, Tunisia). Computer communications: Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/ICCC 3rd Conference on Computer Communications : AFRICOM/CCDC '91, Tunis, Tunesia, 21-23 May 1991. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1991.

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Canada, Canada Public Safety, und Canada Sécurité publique Canada, Hrsg. Sexual offender treatment outcome research: CODC guidelines for evaluation, part 1 : introduction and overview = Recherche sur l'efficacité des programmes de traitement pour délinquants sexuels : lignes directrices du CCDCR aux fins d'évaluation, partie 1 : introduction et aperçu. Ottawa, Ont: Public Safety Canada = Sécurité publique Canada, 2007.

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Staff, IEEE. 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2021.

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Warren, Drake, Heather Krull, Jennifer Lewis, Aisha Najera Chesler, Ellen Pint und J. Gilmore. Assessment of Alternative Funding Models for Activities in RDECOM (Now CCDC) and ATEC. RAND Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rr2818.

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M, Pint Ellen, Jennifer Lamping Lewis, Heather Krull, Drake Warren und Aisha Najera Chesler. Assessment of Alternative Funding Models for Activities in RDECOM (Now CCDC) and ATEC. RAND Corporation, The, 2020.

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Kamoun, F. Computer Communications: Proceedings of the Ifip Tc6/Iccc 3rd Conference on Computer Communications Africom/Ccdc '91, Tunis, Tunesia, 21-23 May 1991. North-Holland, 1992.

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Buchteile zum Thema "CCDC80":

Yang, Hao, Shimin Tao, Minghan Wang, Min Zhang, Daimeng Wei, Shuai Zhao, Miaomiao Ma und Ying Qin. „CCDC: A Chinese-Centric Cross Domain Contrastive Learning Framework“. In Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 225–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10986-7_18.

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Hirano, Tetsuo. „Is CCDC26 a Novel Cancer-Associated Long-Chain Non-Coding RNA?“ In Oncogene and Cancer - From Bench to Clinic. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54996.

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Azmi, Riza, Kautsarina Kautsarina, Ima Apriany und William J. Tibben. „Revisiting “Cyber” Definition“. In Modern Theories and Practices for Cyber Ethics and Security Compliance, 1–17. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3149-5.ch001.

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The term “cyber” has been used widely in recent times and in particular in the context of security. Given the wide usage in formal and informal contexts, it is possible that its origin and true meaning will not be fully appreciated and understood. The Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence (CCDCE) has made available a range of various definitions. The term cyber has become very prevalent and appeared in many national and international statements and in some cases having contradictory interpretations. This chapter aims to revisit the term cyber by walking through its use in various contexts. It starts from the context of the word's origin; what is really entailed in the cyber world; and definitions portraying the understanding of the term from academics, national, and international organizations. Finally, the chapter combines the different interpretations into a single abridged definition from the various accumulated perspectives.

Konferenzberichte zum Thema "CCDC80":

Kim, Kwang-Suck, SaeHwan Lee, Nayoung Jun und Hyog Young Kwon. „Abstract 5165: Secreted CCDC80 from hepatic stellate cells promote metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma“. In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-5165.

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Kim, Kwang Seock, SaeHwan Lee, Nayoung Jun und Hyog Young Kwon. „Abstract 5148: Secreted ccdc80 from hepatic stellate cell promote invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma“. In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5148.

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„NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE)“. In 2020 12th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon49761.2020.9131709.

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„CCDC 2019 Front Matter“. In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832861.

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„CCDC 2020 Cover Page“. In 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164643.

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Bugao Li, Xiaohong Guo und Li Zhang. „Characterization of a fertility candidate gene Ccdc79 in meiotic germ cells“. In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966088.

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Wachirarattanapornkul, Sorapong. „The Voltage-Mode TITO Biquadratic Filter Based on CCDCVC and URC“. In IECC ' 19: 2019 International Electronics Communication Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3343147.3343157.

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Feautrier, Philippe, Jean-Luc Gach, Philippe Balard, Christian Guillaume, Mark Downing, Eric Stadler, Yves Magnard et al. „The L3Vision CCD220 with its OCam test camera for AO applications in Europe“. In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, herausgegeben von David A. Dorn und Andrew D. Holland. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.788009.

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He, Kai, Wenli Ma, Mingfu Wang und Xiangdong Zhou. „Cryogenic design of the high speed CCD60 camera for wavefront sensing“. In International Symposium on Optoelectronic Technology and Application 2014, herausgegeben von Jannick P. Rolland, Changxiang Yan, Dae Wook Kim, Wenli Ma und Ligong Zheng. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2073010.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "CCDC80":

Dungee, Ryan. Testing an e2v CCD230-42 sensor for dark current performance at ambient temperatures - Final Paper. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1213202.

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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Pamela Andrea Cardozo-Ortiz, Clara Lía Machado-Franco, Carlos Alberto Cadena-Silva, Freddy Hernán Cepeda-López, Aura María Ciceri-Lozano, Carlos Eduardo León-Rincón et al. Reporte de Sistemas de Pago - Junio de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.2021.

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El Banco de la República, con el Reporte de Sistemas de Pago, entrega un panorama completo de la infraestructura financiera local, siendo este un producto importante de la labor de seguimiento a dicha infraestructura. Las cifras contenidas en este reporte corresponden al año 2020, período de pandemia durante el cual las medidas de confinamiento para aliviar la tensión sobre el sistema de salud generaron para Colombia, al igual que en la mayoría de los países, una fuerte reducción de la actividad económica y el consumo. Desde el comienzo de la pandemia, la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República adoptó las decisiones necesarias para otorgar al mercado amplia liquidez en pesos y dólares, garantizar la estabilidad de los mercados, proteger el sistema de pagos y preservar la oferta de crédito. El pronunciado crecimiento de los agregados monetarios reflejó la mayor preferencia por liquidez, la cual fue atendida oportunamente por el Banco de la República. Las decisiones adoptadas se realizaron mediante diferentes operaciones, las cuales fueron compensadas y liquidadas en la infraestructura financiera. Después de la introducción, la segunda sección del presente reporte de pagos analiza la evolución y el desempeño de las diferentes infraestructuras financieras. Se destaca que el sistema de pagos de alto valor CUD registró en 2020 un mayor dinamismo que el año anterior, principalmente por el aumento de los depósitos remunerados que en promedio diario realizó la Dirección General de Crédito Público y del Tesoro Nacional (DGCPTN) con el Banco de República, así como una mayor actividad del mercado de simultáneas de deuda pública. Consecuentemente con el crecimiento de la actividad en el CUD, el Depósito Central de Valores (DCV) registró una mayor actividad por el aumento del mercado monetario de deuda pública y por las colocaciones por parte del Gobierno Nacional en el mercado primario. El valor de las operaciones compensadas y liquidadas por intermedio de la Cámara de Riesgo Central de Contraparte (CRCC) continúa creciendo, jalonado principalmente por los contratos non delivery forward (NDF) peso/dólar. Con respecto a la CRCC, es oportuno mencionar que a partir de finales del año pasado esta cámara se encarga de administrar los riesgos y de compensar y liquidar las operaciones del mercado de contado peso/dólar, debido a la fusión con la Cámara de Compensación de Divisas de Colombia (CCDC). Así mismo, a partir del último trimestre del año 2020 la CRCC se encarga de compensar y liquidar el mercado de renta variable, labor que venía desempeñando la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (BVC). En la sección tres se entrega una visión integral de los pagos en el mercado de bienes y servicios, es decir, de las transacciones efectuadas en el circuito de personas naturales y empresas no financieras. Durante la pandemia las transferencias electrónicas inter e intrabancarias, que en su mayoría son originadas por empresas, registraron un incremento tanto en número como en valor de operaciones frente a 2019. Por su parte, los pagos con tarjetas débito y crédito originados principalmente por personas naturales mostraron un comportamiento decreciente con respecto a 2019. Los pagos realizados con cheques siguen disminuyendo, presentando una tendencia a la baja muy pronunciada en el último año. Como complemento a la información sobre transferencias electrónicas, el reporte incluye en esta sección un sombreado sobre la caracterización de la población con cuenta de ahorro y corriente, empleando los datos de la encuesta del Banco de la República sobre percepción de uso de los instrumentos de pago en 2019. Se incluye también un recuadro sobre la evolución transaccional de una billetera móvil provista por una sociedad especializada en depósitos y pagos electrónicos (Sedpe), mostrando que desde su creación a finales del año 2017 ha incremento en el número de usuarios y el valor de las transacciones, con especial velocidad durante la pandemia. Adicionalmente, se presenta un diagnóstico sobre los efectos de la pandemia en los patrones de pago de la población, fundamentado en datos sobre el uso del efectivo en circulación, sobre los pagos con instrumentos electrónicos, y sobre el consumo y la confianza del consumidor. Se concluye que el desplome en el índice de confianza del consumidor y la caída en el consumo privado dieron lugar a cambios en los patrones de pago de las personas. Las compras con tarjetas de crédito y débito disminuyeron, mientras que los pagos por bienes y servicios mediante transferencia electrónica aumentaron. Estos resultados, junto con el considerable aumento del efectivo en circulación, podrían proveer indicios a favor de un posible atesoramiento del papel moneda con motivo precaución por parte de las personas y de un mayor uso del efectivo como instrumento de pago. Se incluye, además, un recuadro que presenta los principales cambios que se introdujeron en la regulación del sistema de pagos de bajo valor en el país mediante la expedición del Decreto 1692 de diciembre de 2020. La cuarta sección se refiere a las importantes innovaciones y cambios tecnológicos que se han observado en el sistema de pagos al por menor. Se destacan cuatro temas en esta línea. El primero se constituye en un punto clave para la construcción de la infraestructura financiera de pagos inmediatos. Consiste en el diseño e implementación de los llamados esquemas superpuestos, los cuales son un desarrollo tecnológico que permite una comunicación abierta entre los diferentes agentes de la cadena de pagos, logrando una alta interoperabilidad entre diferentes proveedores de servicios de pago. El segundo tema explora los avances en el debate internacional sobre la emisión de moneda digital por parte de los bancos centrales (CBDC por su sigla en inglés), con el fin de entender su posible impacto en el sistema de pagos de bajo valor y en el uso del efectivo. El tercer tema está relacionado con nuevas formas de iniciación de pagos, tales como los códigos QR, la biometría o la tecnología de comunicación de campos cercanos (NCF por su sigla en inglés). Estos cambios, aparentemente pequeños, pueden tener efectos importantes en la experiencia del usuario con el sistema de pagos de bajo valor. El cuarto tema, finalmente, es el crecimiento de los pagos vinculados con la telefonía móvil y el internet. El reporte finaliza en la sección cinco con una reseña de dos trabajos de investigación aplicada realizados en el Banco de la República en el año 2020. El primero analiza el nivel patrimonial de la CRCC, reconociendo el rol relevante que esta infraestructura ha adquirido en la compensación y liquidación de varios mercados financieros en el país. Se exploran los requerimientos de capital para las entidades de contrapartida central establecidos en algunas jurisdicciones, se identifican los riesgos que se busca cubrir desde la perspectiva del servicio que este tipo de entidades ofrece al mercado y aquellos asociados a su actividad corporativa. Se analizan los niveles patrimoniales de la CRCC a partir de lo observado en la regulación de la Unión Europea y se concluye que la CRCC cuenta con un esquema de anillos de seguridad muy similar al observado en la experiencia internacional y que su nivel patrimonial es superior al exigido por la regulación colombiana, siendo suficiente para cubrir otros riesgos. El segundo trabajo de investigación identifica y cuantifica las fuentes que utilizan las entidades participantes en el CUD para cumplir con sus obligaciones diarias contraídas en el mercado financiero local, y con su uso como herramienta de monitoreo de la liquidez intradía en condiciones normales. Leonardo Villar Gómez Gerente General

Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor