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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Central heating system“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. Februar 2022

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1

Mendi, Faruk, Kurtulus Boran und Mustafa Kemal Kulekci. „Fuzzy controlled central heating system“. International Journal of Energy Research 26, Nr. 15 (2002): 1313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.819.

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2

Pawlita, Monika. „Efficient central heating and modern heat sources“. Medical Science Pulse 7, Nr. 4 (31.12.2013): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0003.3148.

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Background: The methods of heating houses with system components determine the energy-saving systems. Energy-saving solutions allow to maintain comfortable conditions in the house, while minimizing the cost associated with its operation and at the same time helping to protect natural environment. The examples of such solutions include condensing boilers, heat pumps and solar collectors.Material and methods: The object of the analysis in this paper is typical single-family house occupying the area of 150 m². The comparison of analyzed heating system for a single-family house, including modern energy sources, allows the assessment of the most cost-effective method of heating. Results: Choosing rational method of heating for a single-family house is dictated mainly by economic reasons. The efficiency of the heating sources is also very important. In addition, an important factor is a heating period, which depends on the weather conditions in a given year.Conclusions: The costs of fuel/energy are still growing. Fuel selection is determined mainly by fuel calorific value and the price. To select the type of the heating source one must take into account the cost of kWh of heat.

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3

Yang, Hua, Bing Hong Yan, Chunhua Sun und Guo Qiang Xia. „Study on the Behavior Energy-Saving of the Heat Users of Central Heating System“. Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (Dezember 2012): 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1194.

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As one of the effective ways of building energy saving, behavior energy-saving has the positive promotion function regarding the heating energy saving for the heat users of central heating system. The effect of behavior energy-saving on the heating load characteristics of central heating systems was studied based on the present development of central heating metering technology. The study was promoted combined the theoretical analysis and questionnaire survey. At first, the influence factors of behavior energy-saving were analyzed. Then the questionnaire survey about the present situation of behavior energy-saving was carried out and the basic heating modes of heat users were summarized considering on heating mode, habits and customs and the family structure characteristics. The concept and mainly form of behavior energy-saving and behavior energy-saving rate of central heating system heat users were clear and definitude by study on the behavior energy-saving rate. Thus it has good coaching and promoting effect on the development of behavior energy-saving.

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4

Cao, Min. „Architecture and application of intelligent heating network system based on cloud computing platform“. Thermal Science 25, Nr. 4 Part B (2021): 2889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104889c.

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The vigorous development of Internet-related technologies such as big data, the IoT, and cloud computing has brought intelligent central heating networks? intelligent upgrade opportunities. The article discusses the current situation of the urban central heating system and its intelligence and analyzes the new characteristics of the intelligent central heating network under the new situation. Because of the existing central heating system?s existing problems, we have designed a complete set of sys?tem architecture and heating networks? application plans.

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5

Lou, Guo Huan, und Yang Yin. „Research and Realization of Remote Monitoring System for Central Heating“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.961.

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In view of the central heating problems for remote, a realization scheme of remote monitoring system for central heating is presented. In this paper, the composition and functions of the heat supply network monitoring center, the heating station monitoring and control system and the wireless communication system are introduced, the control system hardware configuration is discussed. The system has already been used and run in a good effect.

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6

Kim, Myo Sun, Youngil Kim und Kwang-Seop Chung. „Improvement of intermittent central heating system of university building“. Energy and Buildings 42, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.07.014.

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7

Cui, Ming Hui, Xin Wang und Ji Liang Liu. „The Analysis of Plate Heat Exchanger in Central Heating Regulation of Indirect Connection Hot Water Heating System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (Juli 2014): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.728.

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Plate heat exchanger with unique advantages become dominant heat exchange equipment in heating engineering. But there is no heating regulation formula of plate exchanger applying in indirect connection hot water heating central heating regulation. This paper analysis the condition that the heating user’s system adopts quality regulation method and the hot water network system adopts quality-flow regulation method, obtain the regulation formulas of plate exchanger applying in indirect connection hot water heating central heating regulation, provides reliable theory basis on the operation regulation, energy –saving testing, etc. for indirect connection central heating system.

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8

Zhang, Su Ying, Xue Lian Qi, Xiao Xue Zhao und Hui An. „The Research of Heating System Based on Generalized Predictive Control“. Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1454.

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Central heating in some of the cities in northern China has become the main way of heating in winter. In order to save energy, reduce home heating costs and improve comfort by controlling the room temperature, it is necessary to study the central heating, to increase the degree of automation of the heating system. In this paper, a mathematical model of heating system is presented. The generalized predictive control system for heating system is developed. Then Matlab was used to simulate the method. The simulation result shown that the generalized predictive control has made very good control effect on the type of this kind of model.

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9

Blagodarnyy, Nikolay, und Anton Hvostov. „CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE CENTRAL HEATING POINT AND RESEARCH OF ITS OPERABILITY“. Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, Nr. 1 (16.06.2020): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-101-102.

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The main tasks of regulating the water pressure and temperature of the heating and hot water supply circuits of the Central heating point are described. A mathematical model of the Central heating point is constructed, and a control system is implemented.

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10

Wang, Yue Ren, Yu Feng Jiang und Min Yu. „The Matching Research of Soil Source Heat Pump and Central Heating System in Cold Region“. Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.486.

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Using Dest software simulation benchmark building the dynamic heat load, analyzing its distribution pattern, at the same timewe can also get heat pump units in the COP value is different under different working condition, then the soil source heat pump and central heating complementary heating system, undertake in soil source heat pump system design heat load, under theconditions of different proportion of the whole system operation energy consumption, initial investment analysis, we conclude thatthe soil source heat pump and central heating complementary heating systems of different energy matching optimization features,this provides a reference for practical engineering.

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11

Geng, Guojing, und Xianzhe Li. „Technical economic model of energy utilization and energy saving for central heating system“. Thermal Science 25, Nr. 4 Part B (2021): 3113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104113g.

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Chinese heating method has gradually shifted from small fragments to centralized regional heating. This heating method has achieved obvious energy-saving benefits. The article establishes an economic model of the energy utilization rate of the central heating system and installs the system exergy balance equation at the same time. The simulation found that the energy utilization coefficient of the heating system is high and has a high energy-saving potential. The effect of energy utilization is poor, and it has great potential for energy saving.

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12

Zhang, Fengqin. „An Individual Household-Based Heating Metering and Charging Management System for Central Heating in Community Residential Buildings“. International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 787–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390312.

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The optimization of heating metering method in the heating season has very important and practical value for energy saving and emission reduction, however, existing studies haven’t comprehensively analyzed the heating metering and charging management systems adopted by residential buildings with adjustable heat supply, and the problem of fair heat sharing hasn’t been well solved yet. To fill in this research gap, this paper designed an individual household-based heating metering and charging management system. At first, the paper gave the structure of the system and introduced the system functions, then, it analyzed the hydraulic characteristics of the heating system and the influence on the heat dissipation volume of the radiator, and constructed the heating metering and heat distribution model. At last, the paper proposed a scheme for heating metering and heat sharing in cases of normal operation and on-off heating adjustment of individual household radiator, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme was verified via experimental results.

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13

Hu, Jian Jun, Chun Hua Sun, Cheng Ying Qi, Hua Yang und Zhi Ming Zhao. „The Effectiveness Analysis of Some Large-Scale Central Heat Supply System Energy Conservation Transformation“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 3005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.3005.

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In heat source ability sufficient situation, some phenomenon occurred in some central heat supply system, such as uneven heating, serious disorders, the far-end heating reliability was insufficient. To improve the heating security and reliability, this article carries on an investigation test, problem analysis, Clears the crux of the problem, Proposes the corresponding transformation plan, and carries on the effective analysis of the actual heating effect after transformation. The results show that after transformation, the actual heating network runs well, increases the heating area, improves the heating security and reliability, provide the reference for other large-scale pipe network energy conservation transformation.

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14

Ren, Shou Hong, und De Ying Li. „An Economic Comparison between Two Types of Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems for Public Buildings in Severely Cold Regions“. Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (März 2013): 2507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2507.

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The overall cost of the cooling type air-conditioning plus central heating system is less than that of the all-season air conditioning system in life spans of the two types of systems, which demonstrates the applicability of the principle on design of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning in chapter 5 of Standards of Design for Energy Conservation for Public Building, which suggests that the central heating system should be adopted instead of the air-conditioning system for public buildings in severely cold regions.

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15

Sun, Fangtian, Yonghua Xie, Svend Svendsen und Lin Fu. „New Low-Temperature Central Heating System Integrated with Industrial Exhausted Heat Using Distributed Electric Compression Heat Pumps for Higher Energy Efficiency“. Energies 13, Nr. 24 (14.12.2020): 6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246582.

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Industrial exhausted heat can be used as the heat source of central heating for higher energy efficiency. To recover more industrial exhausted heat, a new low-temperature central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat using distributed electric compression heat pumps is put forward and analyzed from the aspect of thermodynamics and economics. The roles played by the distributed electric compression heat pumps in improving both thermal performance and financial benefit of the central heating system integrated with industrial exhausted heat are greater than those by the centralized electric compression heat pumps. The proposed low-temperature central heating system has higher energy efficiency, better financial benefit, and longer economical distance of transmitting exhausted heat, and thus, its configuration is optimal. For the proposed low-temperature central heating system, the annual coefficient of performance, annual product exergy efficiency, heating cost, and payback period are about 22.2, 59.4%, 42.83 ¥/GJ, and 6.2 years, respectively, when the distance of transmitting exhausted heat and the price of exhausted heat are 15 km and 15 ¥/GJ, respectively. The economical distance of transmitting exhausted heat of the proposed low-temperature central heating system could approach 25.1 km.

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16

Giurca, I. „Calculation Of Heat Loss Through The Pipes Of The Interior Central Heating System“. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (01.12.2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaes-2015-0018.

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Abstract The article presents aspects related to the calculation of heat loss through the pipes of the interior central heating system. The purpose of the article is to detail the local heat losses in case of central heating systems. Based on the conclusions of the article, we propose the modification of the calculation methodology related to the building energy audit.

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17

Yang, Jin Gang. „Bath Central Heating and Air Conditioning Systems Economic Analysis“. Advanced Materials Research 852 (Januar 2014): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.745.

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According to the building to its own characteristics, functions, and local circumstances existing cold source author believes that the heating and air conditioning system to determine which technology lies cold and heat source and system solutions optimize indoor hot and cold source program will directly greatly affect the project's initial investment and operation costs and system management service effectiveness.

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18

Gelegenis, John Joachim, Douglas Harris, Danae Diakoulaki, Helen Lampropoulou und George Giannakidis. „Determination of fixed expenses in central heating costs allocation“. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, Nr. 6 (14.09.2015): 810–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-02-2014-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reduction in efficiency of central heating systems of multi-family buildings when independent heating capability is offered to each apartment, to access the impact of the applied heating cost allocation (HCA) on this deterioration and suggest highly cost-effective ways (operation, control strategy, alternative HCA) of overcoming them at minimum cost. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reveals the problem of reduced efficiency in centrally heated multi-family dwellings through two case studies in real buildings, where data-loggers were installed and performance curve analysis was performed, in combination with detailed simulation. Findings – The paper finds that the enforcement of a suitable HCA regulation is a prerequisite to achieving energy savings in centrally heated multi-family dwellings. In addition the effects of dissimilarly heated apartments on the total energy demand and the significance of indirect heating and how these should be charged, are assessed. It is found that convenient operation of the central heating system may lead to high energy cost savings and higher efficiency at no cost. Research limitations/implications – HCA adopted more than three decades ago should be revised according to the present situation, namely, increasing fuel costs, existence of many low income families, energy poverty, availability of alternative (or supplementary) heating devices and better building envelopes. Practical implications – Occupants of multi-family dwellings should be appropriately educated and agree on rational use of the common heating system of the building. Originality/value – The paper identifies weak points of valid HCA regulation, reveals inefficiencies in centrally heated multi-family dwellings and measures the actual effectiveness of remedying measures. Detailed simulation contributes to the scientific documentation of the findings.

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19

Steingrube, Annette, Keyu Bao, Stefan Wieland, Andrés Lalama, Pithon M. Kabiro, Volker Coors und Bastian Schröter. „A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model“. Resources 10, Nr. 5 (18.05.2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10050052.

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District heating is seen as an important concept to decarbonize heating systems and meet climate mitigation goals. However, the decision related to where central heating is most viable is dependent on many different aspects, like heating densities or current heating structures. An urban energy simulation platform based on 3D building objects can improve the accuracy of energy demand calculation on building level, but lacks a system perspective. Energy system models help to find economically optimal solutions for entire energy systems, including the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat, but do not usually provide information on building level. Coupling both methods through a novel heating grid disaggregation algorithm, we propose a framework that does three things simultaneously: optimize energy systems that can comprise all demand sectors as well as sector coupling, assess the role of centralized heating in such optimized energy systems, and determine the layouts of supplying district heating grids with a spatial resolution on the street level. The algorithm is tested on two case studies; one, an urban city quarter, and the other, a rural town. In the urban city quarter, district heating is economically feasible in all scenarios. Using heat pumps in addition to CHPs increases the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat. In the rural quarter, central heat pumps guarantee the feasibility of district heating, while standalone CHPs are more expensive than decentral heating technologies.

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Wang, Hongwei, Fangwen Tu, Baofeng Tu, Guohui Feng, Guangming Yuan, Hao Ren und Jiarong Dong. „Neural Network Based Central Heating System Load Prediction and Constrained Control“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2908608.

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A neural network (NN) based heating system load prediction and control scheme are proposed. Different from traditional physical principle based load calculation method, a multilayer NN is incorporated with selected input features and trained to predict the heating load as well as the desired supply water temperature in heating supply loop. In this manner, a complicated load calculation model can be replaced by simple but efficient data-driven scheme and the response time to outdoor temperature variation can be enhanced. Moreover, in order to handle the input and output constraints in valve opening degree control task to achieve desired supply water temperature, Barrier Lyapunov candidate function and axillary system technique are involved. An additional NN is employed to approximate the system transfer function with reliable accuracy. The stability of the system is guaranteed through rigorous mathematical analysis. The excellent performance of the novelly proposed control over traditional PID is demonstrated via extensive simulation study. A quantitative case study is also conducted to verify the flexibility and validity of proposed load prediction strategy.

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Abdalla, Musa, S. Emran, M. Mukhtar, A. Nabil und Z. Tahboob. „Solar-Diesel Hybrid Model and Control for Central Heating“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 705 (Dezember 2014): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.705.305.

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A complete technical study on a Hybrid heating system is carried out with the aid of computer simulation. The main objective of this work was to provide more insight into combining Solar and Diesel energies to be utilized in domestic central heating. The motivation for such a system was basically the ever increasing Diesel prices in the Kingdome. This work revealed that the cost of Diesel in heating houses could be lowered by at least fifteen percent if the hybrid system is implemented. Complete mathematical model of a representative house was derived for the sake of computer simulation. The model was validated and verified through computer simulations (Matlab Simulink based) with real collected weather data of Jordan (complete year record). Finally a controller strategy was devised and tested using the derived mathematical model.

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Qi, Jun Feng, und Xiao Ping Xiong. „Research to the Central Heating Boiler Room Energy Saving Index Evaluation System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (Mai 2014): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.921.

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This passage put forward two kinds of energy saving evaluation methods for the central heating boiler room: qualitative and quantitative index. And give reference weights for each indicator. Base on the two kinds of index evaluation method to get final boiler energy saving level. The establishment of the energy saving index evaluation system played an important role in the energy saving reconstruction of the central heating boiler in northern area.

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Ren, Feng. „Operational Efficiency Evaluation of Cogeneration Central Heating System Based on Improved Matter-Element Model in North China“. Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (Juni 2014): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.375.

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In order to assess the operational efficiency of cogeneration heating system and measure the systems social, economic, energy-saving and environmental protection benefits in North China, an evaluation index system is built up after analyzing the influence factors which may impact the heating system operation. The association degree function of classical matter element method is improved. And then, an improved matter-element evaluation model is established, which not only can figure out the evaluation grade that heating system belongs to, but also can point out the direction of the further improvement work. Besides, the model has other merits, such as uncomplicated operation, good scalability and so on. Example indicates that this evaluation model has excellent applicability and operability.

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Komarov, Е. G., V. V. Lozovetsky, V. V. Lebedev und V. M. Cherkina. „Autonomous heating system during transformation of thermal energy formed in server stations“. FORESTRY BULLETIN 25, Nr. 1 (Februar 2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2021-1-130-139.

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Results of design modeling of air-conditioning and central air of premises of server stations are presented. The estimation of thermal balance of typical server station is made. The potential of thermal energy which can be used is estimated it is useful for needs of central heating, to save power resources, and not to pollute environment thermal emissions. The detailed analysis of components of is material-power balance is made. The mathematical model of central air is developed for these purposes. Analysis problems of the heat substances exchange processes, the drainage of air connected with processes, occurring at its cooling are considered. The designing and operation problems interfaced with the heat substances exchange in air coolers are considered. The heat pump scheme of system is offered the central heating, utilizing warmly server station at air conditioning indoors. The model is offered and results of optimization of parameters heat pump schemes are considered. Results can be applied at designing of central airs of premises of server stations with passing recycling of thermal emissions for needs of central heating.

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Chen, Hong Bing, und Ping Wei. „Discussion on Household Heat Metering and Central Control of Heating System“. Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (Mai 2012): 2863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2863.

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Aiming at the current unreasonable heat charge policy, this paper describes the necessity of consumption-based heat bill system, introduces the basic ideas and problems of household heat metering and central control on total heat supply, and analyzes the relationship of household heat metering and central control. The study shows these two aspects should be well coordinated wit[h each other for better energy savings.

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Yu, Tao, Xiao Wang, Jiayan Ji und Shumin Zhao. „Energy efficiency of distributed energy system based on central heating network“. Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 2171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.039.

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27

Cohen, R. R., P. W. O'Callaghan, S. D. Probert, N. M. Gibson, D. J. Nevrala und G. F. Wright. „Energy storage in a central heating system: Spa School field trial“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 8, Nr. 4 (November 1987): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014362448700800402.

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Buick, T. R., und S. D. Probert. „Thermal energy store for a heat-pumped, domestic, central-heating system“. Applied Energy 26, Nr. 2 (Januar 1987): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(87)90014-6.

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29

Waseel, Abdul Mosaur, Najib Rahman Sabory, Hameedullah Zaheb und Abdul Kareem Waseel. „Central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy“. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 4, Nr. 2 (30.03.2021): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v4i2.63.

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Production of required thermal energy to heat residential buildings is a considerable issue in energy studies. Kabul city is a city in which the coal-fired central heating systems for providing the mentioned energy is in expansion process. And, coal as feeding source of these systems with generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in winter. Fortunately, Kabul city has maximum solar radiation in summer warm season which can be used for fulfilling of this demand in winter cold season. The method which can perform this task is the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy. But, the economic and environmental feasibility and viability of this method is a discussable issue. In this study, the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy and its economic and environmental feasibility and viability is studied. It is tried that this system is compared in a logical method with current coal-fired systems. The economic feasibility study is accomplished by comparison of initial or capital cost and annual operation and maintenance cost with the usage of existing data and thermodynamic analytic methods. The environmental viability study is accomplished by comparison of annual emissions of CO2 with the usage of online emissions calculator. Unfortunately, it is found that seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy is not an economically feasible method for central heating due to its high initial cost and cannot be used in an economically beneficial manner for central heating. But fortunately, it is an environmentally viable method and environmentally friendly way due to its no and/or zero CO2 emissions. To sum up, it is suggested that, this method should be used for district heating which can make this system economically feasible.

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Johnston, David, David Glew, Dominic Miles-Shenton, Moaad Benjaber und Richard Fitton. „Quantifying the performance of a passive deaerator in a gas-fired closed loop domestic wet central heating system“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, Nr. 3 (28.10.2016): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416675391.

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In the UK, approximately 16% of the energy use can be attributed to domestic wet central heating systems. Government financial support and advances in technology have led to boilers becoming more efficient and a range of technologies are now available that claim to be able to improve the efficiency of domestic wet central heating systems. One such low cost technology is a passive deaerator. This article presents the results obtained from installing a passive deaerator on the closed loop of a gas-fired wet central heating system, under controlled conditions in the Salford Energy House. The results indicate that although marginally less heat output was required from the boiler when the passive deaerator was operating, these savings are more or less out weighted by the boiler short cycling more frequently. Consequently, the overall reduction is gas consumption achieved by utilising the passive deaerator device is only of the order of 0.5%; this scale of savings may just be a consequence of measurement noise. The implications are that although a marginal benefit may be attributed to these products, if short cycling takes place, then these savings may become insignificant. Practical application: This article describes a test method that has been used to quantify the energy savings that could be achieved by installing a passive deaerator on the closed loop of a wet central heating system. Although the results indicate that the energy savings associated with using such a device are likely to be marginal, the test method described could be used to test a range of other devices that claim to improve the performance of domestic wet central heating systems, to directly compare before and after performance.

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Zhang, Lin Hua, Dong Yang, Ling Liu und Ting Ting Chen. „The Application of Genetic Algorithm on the Regulation of Central Heating System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (Oktober 2014): 1712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1712.

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For the operational optimization problem of supply temperature and flow adjustment (known as “quality-quantity” regulation) in district heating system.To meet user needs hot,an operational cost equation of primary network is set up, taking the supply water temperature and the water flux as variables. The optimization objective of this equation is to minimize operational cost.Based on the genetic algorithm,and finally get the optimal water temperature and water flux. Analysis the several regulation of supply water temperature and water flux, finally proposed heating system integrated regulation.

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Liu, Wei. „Energy Consumption Analysis and Comprehensive Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Campus Central Heating System Based on Heat Supply Monitoring Platform“. International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390308.

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The energy conservation of campus buildings is the most direct and effective means to promote the sustainable development of colleges and universities. Using the heat data collected by heat supply monitoring platform to perform real-time energy consumption analysis and heating energy efficiency evaluation is a prerequisite for realizing automatic heat supply control based on energy conservation and heating demand. This paper studied the energy conservation analysis and comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation of campus central heating system based on the heat supply monitoring platform. At first, the paper elaborated on the energy consumption analysis method of the campus central heating system based on the heat supply monitoring platform; then, it gave the energy balance equation and the exergy balance equation; after that, based on a few parameters such as the EHR (electricity to heat ratio), heating index, and water makeup rate, this paper evaluated the energy efficiency of the campus central heating system, and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the analysis and evaluation methods.

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Bugaj, Andrzej, und Maciej Miniewicz. „Seasonal evaluation of heat pump system for building heating and ventilation – a case study“. E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600014.

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This paper presents results obtained from seasonal evaluation of ground source heat pump (GSHP) and exhaust air heat pump (EAHP) systems used for heating and ventilation of a school building. A Matlab simulation program was developed with models of the following elements: the building thermal performance, central heating and ventilation installations, the ground source heat pump with the ground source heat exchanger and exhaust air heat pumps in air handling units. The system based exclusively on the GSHP attaining all heating needs of the central heating and ventilation installations was compared with the combined system of the GSHP and the EAHP. The analysis was based on hourly calculations of all energy capacities and COPs as well as seasonal performance factors. In addition, the energy ratings in terms of seasonal usage of delivered, renewable, auxiliary and primary energy were performed. Those energy ratings enabled the estimation of seasonal CO2 emissions in all analysed systems. The combined application of the GSHP and the EAHP in the building gave the lowest values of primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions among all considered systems.

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Kregel, K. C., H. Stauss und T. Unger. „Modulation of autonomic nervous system adjustments to heat stress by central ANG II receptor antagonism“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, Nr. 6 (01.06.1994): R1985—R1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1985.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether central angiotensin II (ANG II) participates in mediating selected sympathetic nervous system and neuroendocrine adjustments to heat stress in conscious freely moving rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SpNA), plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration, and colonic temperature were measured before and during whole body heating (42 degrees C ambient temperature). Heating was stopped when a colonic temperature of 41 degrees C was attained. On consecutive days, rats received an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of saline (0.9%) or 25 micrograms of the ANG II AT1-selective receptor antagonist losartan 20 min before the start of heating. Neither treatment influenced control levels of any parameter. The increase above baseline for MAP at the end of heating was attenuated by > 50% in the losartan, compared with the saline trial (P < 0.05), while HR remained unchanged from control values for both trials. Pretreatment with losartan icv eliminated the increase in SpNA observed during the heating period in the saline trial. Furthermore, the magnitude of change in plasma AVP during heating was significantly elevated in rats after icv administration of saline compared with losartan. These findings indicate that central ANG II receptor antagonism significantly attenuates the heating-induced elevations in MAP, sympathetic neural activity to visceral regions, and plasma AVP and suggest that the central nervous system actions of endogenous ANG II are required for full expression of the sympathoexcitatory, pressor, and neuroendocrine responses associated with nonexertional heat stress in the conscious rat.

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Ostriker, Jeremiah P., und Luca Ciotti. „Active galaxies and radiative heating“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, Nr. 1828 (12.01.2005): 667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1521.

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There is abundant evidence that heating processes in the central regions of elliptical galaxies have both prevented large–scale cooling flows and assisted in the expulsion of metal rich gas. We now know that each such spheroidal system harbours in its core a massive black hole weighing ca. 0.13% of the mass in stars and also know that energy was emitted by each of these black holes with an efficiency exceeding 10% of its rest mass. Since, if only 0.5% of that radiant energy were intercepted by the ambient gas, its thermal state would be drastically altered, it is worth examining in detail the interaction between the out–flowing radiation and the equilibrium or inflowing gas. On the basis of detailed hydrodynamic computations we find that relaxation oscillations are to be expected with the radiative feedback quite capable of regulating both the growth of the central black hole and also the density and thermal state of the gas in the galaxy. Mechanical input of energy by jets may assist or dominate over these radiative effects. We propose specific observational tests to identify systems which have experienced strong bursts of radiative heating from their central black holes.

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Zhu, Xue Li, Bo Dong und Yong Jun Zhu. „Application Study of Load Forecasting of Central Air-Conditioning System Based on Time Sequence Analysis Method“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.622.

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With the characteristics of non-stationarity, non-linearity, time-lag of refrigeration/ heating supplying in minds, load forecasting of central air-conditioning system is carried using time sequence analysis method. Firstly, acquisition sample data of central air-conditioning system is pretreated, and random time sequence AR model of system is formulated. Then, forecasting of AR refrigeration/heating load based on Yule-walker method is conducted. In order to enhance forecasting accuracy, crossover forecasting is introduced into the load forecasting, that is, to use vertical forecasting to follow household demands for load and horizontal forecasting to track changes of weather. Then, weight cross is made to vertical and horizontal forecasting results. Finally, refrigeration/heating load forecasting software of central air-conditioning system is developed, which is used in energy-saving monitoring and control of central air-conditioning system.

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Kim, Kyu Saeng. „Analysis of the Economic Efficiency of the District Heating and Gas Engine Co-Generation System Compared with the Central Heating System“. Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 27, Nr. 10 (10.10.2015): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2015.27.10.544.

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38

Chugunkov, Dmitry, und Galina Seyfelmlyukova. „NOISE REDUCTION OF ROOF FANS OF THE CENTRAL HEATING STATION“. Akustika 32 (01.03.2019): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika201932158.

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This article presents the results of an acoustic survey of several powerful central heating stations located in dense residential buildings of the metropolis. It is shown that the most powerful sources of noise for the surrounding residential area are roof fans of the ventilation system central heating stations. A description and test results of the original design silencer for roof fans, developed and patented by the authors, are given. It is noted that the developed design of the silencer does not affect the performance of the ventilation system.

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Ma, Yun Feng, Yan Xiang Liu und Tao Ji. „Study on the Comprehensive Program of Heat Pump Technology Recycling Thermal Power Plants Circulating Water Heat“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (März 2013): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.759.

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In order to fully recycle power plant’s circulatingwater heat, improve the thermal efficiency and protect the environment, thispaper designs the comprehensive scheme of heat pumptechnology recycling power plant’s circulating water heat, including theboiler mae-up water pre-heating system, the central heating circulatingsystem and the domestic hot water circulating system, which not only run at thesame time but also function independently. Even in non-heating seasons,the waste heat of circulating water can be utilized fully. It is worthmentioning that this paper puts forward to install climate compensationdevice in the central heating system, which can perform intelligent district timesharing control to meet different users’ needs.

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Chung, Mo, Jun-Un Park und Hyung-Kee Yoon. „SIMULATION OF A CENTRAL SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM WITH SEASONAL STORAGE IN KOREA“. Solar Energy 64, Nr. 4-6 (Dezember 1998): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(98)00101-7.

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Tuluce, Yasin, Halil Ozkol, Ismail Koyuncu und Hatice Ine. „Increased occupational coal dust toxicity in blood of central heating system workers“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 27, Nr. 1 (19.08.2010): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233710381889.

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42

Parhizkar, Tarannom, Fereshteh Aramoun, Saeed Esbati und Yadollah Saboohi. „Efficient performance monitoring of building central heating system using Bayesian Network method“. Journal of Building Engineering 26 (November 2019): 100835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100835.

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43

Hamori, Sandor, und Ferenc Kalmar. „HYDRAULIC BALANCING ANALYSIS OF A CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM WITH CONSTANT SUPPLY TEMPERATURE“. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, Nr. 11 (2014): 2789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.311.

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Wang, Hongwei, Fangwen Tu, Guohui Feng und Xin Ao. „Central Heating System Constrained Control with Input Delay Based on Neural Networks“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (19.11.2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1714961.

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An output constrained control with input delay is proposed for a central heating system. Due to the delay of signal transmission and valves opening time, an input delay is considered into the system and an auxiliary system is employed to handle this issue by converting the delayed input into a delay-free one. Moreover, to ensure the output supply water temperature within a limited range, Barrier Lyapunov algorithm is involved to achieve desired control accuracy. Finally, external disturbance and model uncertainty are incorporated into the dynamic system and neural networks (NN) are trained in an online fashion for the compensation. The stability of the control system is guaranteed through rigorous Lyapunov analysis and the excellent control performance over traditional PID control is demonstrated via numerical simulation study.

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Tahersima, F., J. Stoustrup und H. Rasmussen. „Optimal Power Consumption in a Central Heating System with Geothermal Heat Pump“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 3102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02869.

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46

Piana, Edoardo A., Benedetta Grassi, Francesco Bianchi und Cristian Pedrotti. „Hydraulic balancing strategies: A case study of radiator-based central heating system“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, Nr. 3 (09.01.2018): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417752830.

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With energy efficiency regulations coming into force, the retrofitting of existing plants has become mandatory in many European countries. The application of thermostatic radiator valves is a cheap, effective solution in case of radiator-based hydronic plants, but it requires the distribution system to be re-engineered and, in some situations, further adjusting devices to be added. In this paper, the behaviour of a vertical distribution heating system has been simulated with the aim of analysing the outcome of different hydraulic balancing strategies and proposing a method to identify the most suitable option. The common problem of noisy valves has been examined and the cost impact of the different solutions has also been considered. Practical application: This paper applies simple calculation tools to explore the impact of different balancing solutions to a real building, using an approach that could valuably assist the practitioner in the decision process.

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Ge, Y. T., A. M. Fsadni und H. S. Wang. „Bubble dissolution in horizontal turbulent bubbly flow in domestic central heating system“. Applied Energy 108 (August 2013): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.055.

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48

Li, Feng, Yi Chang Wang und Lang Zhou. „An Automatic Control Method for Central Heating of Public Buildings“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (Dezember 2012): 3249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.3249.

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Our current thermal management in public buildings still remains in the stage of extensive management, which leads to the difficulty in guiding a heat-user to cultivate the awareness of energy conservation. As a result, a large quantity of heat is wasted. Therefore this article introduces a thermal control mechanism based on strategies, and proposes a design of zigbee-based wireless temperature collecting method to collect temperature in the heating field. On the basis of these techniques, an automatic control system for the heating of public buildings is achieved. The system fits the users’ heat use habits and is easy to operate, so that it can guide the heat users’ awareness of energy conservation and reduce energy waste.

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Sun, Tie Qiang, Zhao Hui Nie und Rong Liu. „Study on Data Transmission System of Central Heating Based on 3G Wireless Network“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (Juni 2011): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.333.

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This paper briefly introduces the composition of central heating data transmission system which bases on 3G wireless networks and the realization of communication. The dates of temperature, flow and pressure, etc, are collected in remote heat-exchange station and are transmitted to dispatch center through 3G wireless network. Due to this, the remote monitoring for the whole heating system is implemented in the dispatch center, which solves the problems of being difficult to collect thermal parameters for the whole system and the unevenness of heat distribution. The result of operation indicates that the system is stable, and offers high regulation accuracy and is easily operated, which meets the requirements of long-term stable operation of remote monitoring.

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Meng, Qing Jie, und Yi Qian Liu. „Design of the Heating Regulation Controller Based on ARM“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (Februar 2012): 1453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.1453.

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According to the shortage of the central heating system control equipment, design the heating regulation controller based on the embedded Linux operating system with the 32-bit processor S3C2440 as core. The system determine the second supply water temperature of heating network by measuring the outdoor temperature, and adjust heating temperature by the electric valve opening. This system has advantages of high sensitivity, good anti-interference abilityand good real-time performance, and good energy-saving effects.

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