Thematische Bibliographien / Ceramic dust

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  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Ceramic dust“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 2. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Ceramic dust"

1

Feng, Sheng Shan, Qing Feng Liu und Jin Hong Cao. „Simulation Research on Filtration of High Temperature Dusty Gas Based on Foam Ceramic Material“. Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (Juli 2012): 2283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2283.

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The simulation test device of filtration for high temperature dusty gas was established based on rotating foam ceramic material. The influence of performance parameter of foam ceramic on collection efficiency, concentration of dust emission, dedusting precision and pressure loss were researched under room temperature condition. The results are shown as following: the smaller the aperture of foam ceramics is, the higher filter efficiency, the overall collection efficiency and filter precision are with lower emission concentration of dust and higher gas pressure loss of dedusting system; about 95% of dust particles which is one twenty-sixth more than the aperture of the filter can be filtered by foam ceramic; increasing the thickness is effective ways to improve the filter efficiency at the expense of much increasing gas filtering resistance of dedusting system; with the increasing of foam ceramic aperture-gradient, gas filtering resistance reduces remarkably at the expense of slight reduction of filter efficiency and a little increase of the concentration of dust emission.
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2

Rao, Qingwen, Guanjun Xu, Pengfei Wang und Zhengqi Zheng. „Study on the Propagation Characteristics of Terahertz Waves in Dusty Plasma with a Ceramic Substrate by the Scattering Matrix Method“. Sensors 21, Nr. 1 (03.01.2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010263.

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The propagation characteristics of terahertz (THz) waves incident vertically into inhomogeneous and collisional dusty plasma with a ceramic substrate are studied using the scattering matrix method (SMM). The effects of the incident wave frequency and plasma parameters, such as the maximal electron density, dust particle density, dust particle radius and collision frequency, on the reflectance and transmittance of THz waves in the dusty plasma are discussed. In addition, the differences of the propagation properties in the dusty plasma, with and without ceramic substrate, are analyzed. Meanwhile, the differences of the propagation properties in dusty plasma and common plasma, respectively, with ceramic substrate are also compared. Simulation results show that the substrate and dust particles have significant influence on the propagation characteristics of THz wave in plasma sheath. Finally, the transmission increases with the increase of electron density, dust density, dust particle radius and collision frequency.
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Al Bakri, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa, M. N. Norazian, M. Mohamed, H. Kamarudin, C. M. Ruzaidi und J. Liyana. „Strength of Concrete with Ceramic Waste and Quarry Dust as Aggregates“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.390.

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This research focuses on a study of the strength of concrete with ceramic waste as coarse aggregate and quarry dust as fine aggregate. The sources of ceramic waste and quarry dust are obtained from the industrial in Malaysia. Presently, in ceramics industries the production goes as waste, which is not under going the recycle process yet. In this study an attempt has been made to find the suitability of the ceramic industrial wastes and quarry dust as a possible replacement for conventional crushed stone coarse and fine aggregate. Experiment were carried out to determine the strength of concrete with ceramic waste coarse aggregate and quarry dust fine aggregate to compare them with the conventional concrete made (with crushed stone coarse aggregate). From the results show that compressive strength of concrete with quarry dust as aggregates is the highest with 30.82 MPa with density 2251.85 kg/m3. This show, ceramic waste and quarry dust can be alternative aggregate for comparable properties.
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Zegardło, Bartosz, Wojciech Andrzejuk, Tomasz Drzymała, Beata Jaworska, Jerzy Nitychoruk und Daniel Tokarski. „Ceramiczne odpady budowlane powstające w procesie rewitalizacji miasta – badanie możliwości ich wykorzystania jako substytutu cementu do betonów i zapraw“. Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, Nr. 4 (10.01.2019): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.43.

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The article indicates the issue of revitalization of urban areas on the example of the former provincial city. Particular attention was paid to threats to the natural environment caused by difficulties in managing construction waste arising during this process. During the research work on waste demolition material from repairs and reconstruction of buildings, ceramic construction waste was selected. These materials were crushed and dust was generated from them. The purpose of the work was to study the activity indicator, i.e. the research that is carried out for dusts obtained, e.g. in metallurgical processes. The parameter described was a determinant of the possibility of using dust as a recyclable cement substitute in concretes and mortars. The research material was ceramic waste. The waste was picked up from the landfill and sorted. Wastes of red ceramics were isolated in the form of damaged bricks, hollow bricks and roof tiles. Dust was produced from such prepared waste. The research methodology was carried out in accordance with the standard PN-EN 450-1:2012. The activity index of crushed ceramic dust after 28 days was 60.9%, after 90 days 72%. Given the slight change in the strength parameters of mortars and special considerations of the necessity of waste utilization, the described ceramic dust recycling is considered as a solution possible to implement in the production of mortars and non-structural concretes. Introduction of the results of these works to market activities may contribute to the reduction of waste deposited on landfills.
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Sahri, Moch, und Merry Sunaryo. „The Analysis of c-silica Dust Content in Respirable Dust in the Ceramic Industry“. Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 9, Nr. 2 (19.08.2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i2.2020.205-213.

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Introduction: Exposure to hazards in the work environment in the ceramic industry includes silica dust and heat temperatures. The purpose of this research was to analyze the respirable dust and c-silica dust, in addition to calculate c-silica dust in respirated dust. In addition, an evaluation of the results of dust measurements was also carried out by comparing it to the threshold value. Method: This was a descriptive study by testing samples of respirable dust and c-silica dust in the work place. The research was conducted at one of the ceramic industries in East Java. Data collection was carried out on all workers in the production division of 39 peoples. The measurement method for respirable dust analysis used the gravimetric method based on NIOSH method (NMAM 0600, 1998), while the analysis of c-silica dust used XRD equipment in accordance with the NIOSH method (NMAM 7500, 2003). Results: The results of the measurement of respirable dust in 39 respondents obtained a range of values of 0.019 - 0.0563 mg/m3 with an average of 0.19 mg/m3, while for c-silica dust, the results were at the range of 0.0020 - 0.3129 mg/m3 with an average of 0.07 mg/m3. The percentage of c-silica dust content in the ceramics industry in residential dust is different by 5 - 74.3% with the average of 34.89%. Conclusion: Evaluation of the results of measurement of respirable dust found that all samples were below the threshold value, while for c-silica dust, there were 27 samples with values above the threshold. On the average, there is 34.89% level of c-silica in respirable dust in the ceramic industry.Keywords: ceramic industry, c-silica, respirable dust
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Song, Jing, Tao Cheng und Li Wei Zhou. „Environmental Pollution and Pollution Control in Chinese Ceramic Industry“. Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (März 2010): 823–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.823.

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This article describes various kinds of environmental pollution of ceramic industry in China, such as dust pollution, smoke pollution, water pollution and waste pollution of ceramics factories. In addition, some effective methods to control the pollution in ceramic factories are also discussed.
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Zegardło, Bartosz, Tomasz Drzymała, Paweł Ogrodnik und Beata Jaworsk. „Examination of granulometry of ceramic dust which derogations while disposing waste sanitary ceramics for the use of their as addition to the concrete“. AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, Nr. 6 (30.06.2018): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.084.

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The purpose of the research presented in this article was to assess the granulometry of ceramic dust in terms of their use as an additive to concrete. The material for testing came from postindustrial sanitary ceramic waste, which was subjected to a crushing process in jaw crushers. A research stand consisting of a Horoir LA-300 laser particle analyzer connected to a computer equipped with appropriate software was used to study the granulometric characteristics. As a side feature, the dust density was examined using a Le Chatelier flask. The results of the tests carried out were compared with the data obtained for the traditionally used concrete additive - silica volatile dusts.
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Kim, Hwan Sik, Yoo Taek Kim, Gi Gang Lee, Jung Hwan Kim und Seung Gu Kang. „Corrosion of Silicate Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Containing EAF Dust in Acidic Solution“. Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (Juni 2007): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1585.

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The corrosion behavior of glass and glass-ceramics fabricated with silicate glass frit mixed with 50~70 wt% EAF dust in the acidic solution was analyzed by both heavy metal leaching test and microstructural observation. The crystallization temperature, Tc of glassy specimens was around 850 measured by DTA and the heat treatment temperature to crystallize a glassy specimen was selected as 950 / 1 hr. The spinel crystal peaks were found in XRD analysis for the glass containing dust > 60 wt%. For the glass-ceramics, however, the spinel peaks in a specimen containing dust > 50 wt% was found with weak willemite peaks. The glass and glass-ceramic specimens showed the first stage of corroding reaction according to Clark models in acidic solution. The glass-ceramic specimens showed much lower a heavy metal leaching concentration than that of glass specimens in the corrosion test in acidic solution of pH=2.95. Especially, the glass-ceramics containing dust 60 wt% showed a heavy metal leaching concentration of 66 % Pb, 60 % Zn and 98 % Fe lower than that of glass specimens due to crystal phases formed, thermodynamically more stable than a glass network structure. From the leaching test that more Zn ion leached out than Fe ion, the spinel crystal phase [ZnFe2O4] showed better corrosion resistant in the acidic solution than the willemite [Zn2SiO4].
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Rao, Qingwen, Guanjun Xu, Pengfei Wang und Zhengqi Zheng. „Study of the Propagation Characteristics of Terahertz Waves in a Collisional and Inhomogeneous Dusty Plasma with a Ceramic Substrate and Oblique Angle of Incidence“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (28.01.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625530.

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In this paper, the propagation properties of a terahertz (THz) wave in a collisional and inhomogeneous dusty plasma with a ceramic substrate and oblique angle of incidence are studied using the scattering matrix method. The influence of the various corresponding parameters, such as the frequency of the THz wave, angle of incidence, electron density, radius and density of the dust particles, and the collision frequency, on the absorbance and transmittance is calculated. The results of the simulation indicate that an increase in the wave frequency increases the transmittance and decreases the absorbance. Moreover, the absorbance of a THz wave in a dusty plasma with a ceramic substrate increases with an increase in the incident angle, maximum electron density, coefficient of steepness, density and radius of the dust particles, and collision frequency. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the problem of communication blackout between ground and spacecraft.
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Abreu, Mariana Miranda, Fernando Vernilli, Veronica Scarpini Candido, Sergio Neves Monteiro und Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira. „Incorporation of Global Blast Furnace Sludge into Clayey Ceramic“. Materials Science Forum 798-799 (Juni 2014): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.487.

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The blast furnace is one the main systems used in steelmaking plants operating with iron ores. In addition to the production of pig iron and slag, the blast furnace operation also generates a considerable amount of wastes such as dust usually collected in the upwards flowing gas. The dust collecting stage, without separation procedures, produces a sludge, which cannot be recycled inside the plant due to the concentration of undesirable earth alkaline metals as well as zinc. A possible solution for this so-called global blast furnace sludge (GFS) is its incorporation, outside the plant, into clayey ceramic products processed at high temperatures. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of GFS incorporation, in amounts of 5 and 10 wt%, into kaolinitic clay ceramics fired at 750, 950 and 1050oC. Initially, the GFS was characterized and, after processing, incorporated into ceramics that were then tested for the water absorption, linear shrinkage and flexural strength. It was found significant improvements in the properties for GFS incorporated ceramics fired at 1050oC.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Ceramic dust"

1

Koch, Dietrich. „Characterisation of the regeneration performance of rigid ceramic filters“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318693.

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Conroy, Paul James. „Durability of glass and ceramic fibres within the lung“. Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1990. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19497/.

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The durability in the lung of inorganic fibrous materials, such as asbestos and man-made mineral fibres, appears to be a major determinant of their pathogenic potential. However, studies have been inadequate in explaining differences in the physiological durability of such inorganic fibres. This study used an iterative approach to determine key factors affecting physiological durability of a soda-lime silicate bulk glass, A-glass, E-glass, Lead-glass, Cemfil and alumino-silicate ceramic fibres. The aims were to develop a) the current theoretical understanding of durability and b) a suitable in-vitro screening test for durability. Materials were exposed to simulations of the lung environment, which included a) exposure to Gamble's fluid, water, serum and other simulated fluids, b) long-term exposure to the intra-macrophage environment and c) exposure to rat lung. Durability was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXA). The use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was also explored, though further development was required in this area. Fibre behaviour depended on fibre composition and thenature of the exposure environment. The ceramic was durable in all environments, whilst A-glass, Lead-glass and the soda-lime silicate were prone to nucleophilic attack and leaching. The effects of in-vivo exposure were consistent with the response in-vitro. However, exposure to the intramacrophage environment in-vitro did not affect fibre durability and this surprising result should be investigated. Physiological durability was related to the ability of the fibre to resist nucleophilic attack and a hybridization bonding model was examined in order to explain the behaviour of some silicate glasses. It was recommended that models based on the molecular bonding were developed to encompass a wider range of materials. Occupational exposure and inhalation of asbestos fibre can cause lung disease and although the mechanisms of asbestos pathogenicity remain uncertain, attention has also focussed on the potential effects of other inorganic fibres. Comparative studies on behaviour of these materials in the lung have strongly implicated the durability and hence lifetime of the fibre to be a major determinant of the pathogenic potential. However, durability studies have generally been inadequate in explaining differences in physiological durability of inorganic fibres and hence provision of theoretical models. This study used a novel iterative approach to determine key factors affecting physiological durability of a range of glass and ceramic materials. The objective was to develop the theoretical understanding of the durability of inorganic fibrous materials in the lung and appraise in-vitro methods for determination of fibre durability to validate a suitable screening test. The durability of a range of glass and ceramic materials has been characterised using in-vitro and in-vivo simulations of the human lung environment; novel exposure systems have been developed and durability behaviour has been characterised by application of traditional analytical methods and by development and application of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) techniques. Appraisal of in-vitro simulations revealed that fibre behaviour depended upon fibre composition and exposure conditions' durability of the fibres in-vitro was related to model fluid pH. Fibre response in-vivo was rationalised by assuming localised pH variation. This work supports the use of a range of in-vitro exposure conditions to identify key determinants of fibre durability and to characterise chemical behaviour, and is critical of the use of single in-vitro screening tests which will reflect fibre behaviour under specific conditions. Resistance of the inorganic fibre network to hydrolytic attack was suggested as a key determinant of durability and a theoretical model was developed to predict this.
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Harpster, Steven. „A Feasibility Study on Development of Dust Abrasion Resistant Gear Concepts for Lunar Vehicle Gearboxes“. The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236365431.

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Cúnico, Franciele Rossetti. „Uso do pó de exaustão gerado na indústria de fundição como matéria-prima para a indústria de revestimento cerâmico“. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1684.

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The search for different alternatives for using solid waste contributes to effective sustainable development of industries and the generation of new consumer goods. Under this scenario this paper proposes an alternative to the use of exhaust dust generated in the in the green sand molding and demolding process in the foundry industry, bringing alternative uses for this by-product in more noble applications such as ceramic coating. The ceramic industry has assumed the role of consumer-products generated by industries, especially the existence of some similarity between the composition of by-products and raw materials used in the industry. This study aimed to show the effect of exhaust dust addition in a ceramic matrix for development of ceramic coatings. A preliminary study was performed which determined the parameters for use in a Design of Experiments model. The raw materials used were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence, grain size, pycnometry density, Loss Fire, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. In addition, the variables used in the statistical model and its respective upper and lower limits have been defined in the preliminary study too. In order to obtain better efficiency of the data, a factorial project with 3³ Statistic software for the analysis of the results was performed. Three factors have been selected for the project, and for each factor three levels were chosen, with residue content (0%, 20% and 40%), compacting pressure (10MPa, 30MPa and 50MPa) and sintering temperature (1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C ). Cylindrical specimens were made to determine the technological and mechanical properties and rectangular specimens for the three-point bending test. In order to achieve reliability of the experimental data using the average values, a replica of the experiment was carried out. The results confirmed the feasibility of using the residue in the ceramic body and it show effectively in the interaction between the variables and the importance of controlling the fire temperature, the amount of waste used, and the compaction pressure.
A busca por alternativas para o uso de resíduos sólidos contribui para o efetivo desenvolvimento sustentável das indústrias e a geração de novos bens de consumo. Dentro deste cenário este trabalho propõe uma alternativa para uso do pó de exaustão gerado no processo de moldagem e desmoldagem em areia a verde na indústria de fundição, trazendo alternativas de uso deste subproduto em aplicações mais nobres como o revestimento cerâmico. A indústria cerâmica já assumiu o papel de consumidor de subprodutos gerados pelas indústrias, principalmente pela existência de alguma similaridade entre a composição dos subprodutos e das matérias-primas empregada no setor. Este estudo procurou mostrar o efeito da adição deste pó de exaustão em uma matriz cerâmica para desenvolvimento de revestimentos cerâmicos. Foi realizado um estudo preliminar que determinou parâmetros para a utilização em um modelo de Planejamento de Experimentos. As matérias-primas empregadas foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, Difratometria de Raios X, Fluorescência de Raios X, Granulometria, Densidade picnométrica, Perda ao Fogo, Análise Térmica Diferencial e Termogravimétrica. As variáveis utilizadas no modelo estatístico e seus respectivos limites inferiores e superiores, foram definidos no estudo preliminar. Para obter uma melhor eficiência dos dados obtidos foi realizado o projeto fatorial 33 com software Statistic, para a análise dos resultados. Foram selecionados três fatores para o projeto, e para cada fator três níveis, sendo teor de resíduo (0%, 20% e 40%), pressão de compactação (10MPa, 30MPa e 50MPa) e temperatura de sinterização (1000ºC, 1100ºC e 1200ºC). Foram confeccionados corpos de prova cilíndricos para determinar as propriedades tecnológicas e retangulares para ensaio mecânico de resistência a flexão em três pontos. Para atender com confiabilidade os dados experimentais com o uso dos valores médios, foi realizado uma réplica do experimento. Os resultados confirmaram a viabilidade do uso do resíduo na formulação da massa cerâmica e mostraram efetivamente a interação entre as variáveis e a importância do controle da temperatura de queima, a quantidade de resíduo utilizada e a pressão de compactação.
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Silva, Nicole Gröff da. „Avaliação técnica e ambiental da incorporação de pó de aciaria elétrica (PAE) em material cerâmico“. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7433.

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Pesquisas científicas e tecnológicas têm indicado a possibilidade de reciclagem de inúmeros resíduos sólidos na construção civil, dentre os quais encontra-se o pó de aciaria elétrica (PAE). O PAE é originado no processo de produção de aço e classificado como um Resíduo Classe I perigoso (ABNT, 2004a). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica e ambiental do material cerâmico produzido a partir da adição de PAE em argila vermelha. A etapa metodológica da pesquisa contemplou a amostragem das matérias-primas e sua caracterização química, física, mineralógica e térmica. Além disso, a formulação e moldagem da massa cerâmica com 0, 10, 20 e 30% de PAE e a sinterização e coleta das emissões atmosféricas de processo a 750, 850 e 950°C. Por fim, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização técnica e ambiental no material obtido. Dentre os resultados encontrados, verificou-se que a argila possui como principais elementos Si, Al e K, enquanto que para o PAE os principais são Fe e Zn. Além disso, a argila possui um tamanho de partícula superior ao do PAE, que por sua vez possui partículas de formato em geral esférico e que tendem a se aglomerar. A partir do tratamento térmico das massas cerâmicas formuladas, observou-se que a adição de 10 e 20% de PAE nas temperaturas de 850 e 950°C produz material indicado para fabricação de tijolos em termos de resistência à flexão e absorção de água. Em termos ambientais, pode-se concluir que adições de até 20% de PAE a 750°C produzem materiais classificados em função do teor de Al como Classe IIA não inerte, conforme a NBR 10006 (ABNT, 2004d). Quanto às emissões atmosféricas, com exceção do teor de 30% de PAE produzido a 850°C, as demais combinações testadas estão de acordo com as normas de referência, não havendo legislação específica para esta atividade. Considerando uma visão global dos resultados obtidos, indica-se o uso de até 10% de PAE para fabricação de tijolos a partir de 850°C, prevendo-se assim sua conformidade com as normas técnicas de produtos de cerâmica vermelha.
Scientific and technological researches have been indicated the possibility of recycling several kinds of waste in construction, among which it stands out the electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). The EAFD is originated in the steelmaking process and classified as a hazardous waste (ABNT, 2004a). The aim of this research was to evaluate the technical and environmental viability of ceramic material produced from EAFD addition in red clay. The methodological stage included sampling of raw materials, its chemical, physical, mineralogical and thermal characterization. Also, the formulation and molding of compositions with 0, 10, 20 and 30% of EAFD and the sampling of atmospheric emissions from sintering at 750, 850 e 950°C. Finally, it was realized technical and environmental tests in the obtained material. Among the results, it was verified that the red clay has in its chemical composition, Al, Si and K as majoritarian elements, while EAFD has, mainly, Fe and Zn. Besides that, the red clay has larger particle than EAFD’s, which in turn has spherical particles which tends to form agglomerates. As result of the thermal treatment, it was observed that the addition of 10 and 20% of EAFD and sintering at 850 and 950°C produces a material indicated to bricks in function of its flexural strength and water absorption. In environment terms, it can be concluded that additions up to 20% of EAFD processing at 750°C produce a material classified as not inert, according NBR 10006 (ABNT, 2004d) due to its Al content. Regarding atmospheric emissions, excluded the addition of 30% of EAFD sintering at 850°C, all conditions are according to the reference norms, even though there is no specific standard to this activity. In a global perspective, it is indicated the use of EAFD up to 10% to bricks sintering above 850°C, predicting its accordance to red ceramic specifications.
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Moreira-Lima, Maria Margarida Teixeira. „Caracteristicas da poeira do processo de fabricação de materiais ceramicos para revestimento : estudo no polo de Santa Gertrudes“. [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257818.

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Orientador: Gladis Camarini
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A poeira gerada no processo de fabricação de materiais cerâmicos pode ser um agente de risco à saúde dos trabalhadores, em especial quando em sua composição houver a presença de polimorfos da sílica nas formas cristalinas do a-quartzo e da cristobalita. A exposição ocupacional à poeira respirável desses polimorfos pode ocasionar o aparecimento da silicose e de outras doenças associadas. Na indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos as informações sobre as características da poeira gerada nos seus processos e sobre a prevalência da silicose no setor são insuficientes para definir a magnitude do risco da exposição ocupacional à sílica. Este estudo de campo busca identificar parâmetros físicos e a concentração em sílica cristalina do material particulado suspenso no ar em indústrias de revestimentos cerâmicos para pisos e paredes. Foram selecionadas nove indústrias no município de Santa Gertrudes, no estado de São Paulo, com processo de fabricação por via seca, onde a matéria-prima principal é a argila vermelha proveniente da Formação Corumbataí. O estudo realizou-se por meio da observação sistemática das etapas do processo industrial, da coleta e análise de amostras da poeira presente nos ambientes de trabalho e da análise mineralógica da massa cerâmica manufaturada. As amostras de poeira foram analisadas por ravimetria e por difratometria de raios-X (DRX). Foi determinada a presença na poeira de partículas com tamanho na fração respirável (< 10 µm), sendo identificado o a-quartzo em 72% das amostras de poeira respirável analisadas. Não se encontraram outros polimorfos da sílica cristalina na poeira coletada. As avaliações realizadas indicaram concentrações de a-quartzo respirável entre 0,01 mg/m³ e 0,16 mg/m³, sendo a concentração média de a-quartzo respirável nos setores de moagem e de recepção de massa de 0,06 mg/m³, nos setores de prensas de 0,03 mg/m³, nas linhas de esmaltação de 0,02 mg/m³ e na preparação dos esmaltes e engobe de 0,09 mg/m³. Foi caracterizada por DRX a presença de minerais do grupo das micas, dos feldspatos e da esmectita na composição das massas cerâmicas analisadas, juntamente com a hematita e o quartzo, como mineral predominante
Abstract: Dust generated in the process of manufacturing ceramic materials may be a hazardous agent to the health of workers, especially when silica polymorphs in crystal forms of a-quartz and cristobalite are present in its composition. Occupational exposure to respirable dust of such polymorphs may lead to the onset of lung disease named silicosis and other associated diseases. In the ceramic wall and floor tiles industry data on the characteristics of dust generated in their processes and on the prevalence of silicosis in the sector are not sufficient to define the magnitude of occupational exposure risk to silica in this industry. This field study aims to identify physical parameters and the mass concentration and the composition in crystalline silica of airborne particulate material in industries of glazed ceramic tiles for floors and walls. Nine plants in Santa Gertrudes Municipality, São Paulo State, with dry manufacturing process, where the main raw material is red clay from the Corumbataí Formation have been selected. The study was conducted through systematic observation of the industrial process steps with dust generation, the collection and analysis of air samples from the environments and the mineralogical analysis of the raw ceramic bodies manufactured. Dust samples were analyzed with gravimetric and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) techniques. The air samples indicated that there was dust in the respirable fraction (< 10 µm) and the a-quartz was identified in 72% of the analyzed respirable dust samples. Other polymorphs of the crystalline silica were not found in the collected dust. The dust samples indicated concentrations of respirable a-quartz between 0.01 mg/m³ and 0.16 mg/m³ in the main stages of the process. The mean concentration of respirable a-quartz in the sectors of clay grinding was 0.06 mg/m³, in the pressing sectors it was 0.03 mg/m³, in the glazing lines it was 0.02 mg/m³ and in the preparation of enamels and engobe sectors it was 0.09 mg/m³. Minerals of the group of the micas, feldspars and smectite had been identified by XRD in the composition of all the ceramic masses, together with hematite and quartz, as the predominant mineral
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Pierotti, Gian. „A Voice from the Dust“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2441.

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We shall not starve. We shall not lack shelter. We shall have a hearth. Awake self reliance! Our art is for feeding, warmth, protection. Ceramics– our temporal salvation. Clay– our material life-force. Transformed by fire we arise with the skills of the ancients! No longer will we live in obscurity. To the deskilled, your fate is at hand! You have chosen alienation, distraction, banality, and sloth. Embrace your digital false Gods and die or be reborn to the natural physical world. Now, together we complete our reason for being. We create a new world of kinship. A hope for the utopia not of rigid modernism but one of a new world, a rediscovery of the natural order.
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Lédl, Matěj. „Návrh koncepce využívání mikropříměsí pro betony vysokých užitných vlastností“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226739.

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The modern, contemporarily used cement composite types make use of various additives. This diploma thesis is focused on designs of mortars that have been enriched with micro and nano additives, which lead to higher mechanical strength through optimized grading of mortar mixes. This thesis also evaluates the influence of material properties on resulting properties of mortars in fresh and hardened state.
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GUIMARÃES, Iliana de Oliveira. „Desenvolvimento de membrana nas cerâmicas tubulares obtidas a partir de um resíduo da produção de alumina“. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/344.

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Capes
O processo Bayer, utilizado para a obtenção de alumina, usa bauxita como matériaprima. Este processo abrange quatro estágios: digestão, clarificação, precipitação e calcinação. O resíduo gerado na etapa de calcinação é um produto com pequeno tamanho de partícula, conhecido como ESP dust. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver membranas cerâmicas tubulares utilizando em sua composição o ESP dust, um pó de alumina do precipitador eletrostático, e uma argila bentonítica. Inicialmente, foi realizada a caracterização dos precursores. Foram analisadas duas amostras do resíduo, uma do resíduo bruto e outra do resíduo calcinado a 1200°C. Essas amostras apresentaram um alto teor de alumina nas suas composições químicas. As fases gibbsita e α-alumina foram identificadas no resíduo bruto e, após sua calcinação, a gibbsita foi totalmente transformada em α-alumina. Observou-se que não houve alterações significativas no tamanho e morfologia das partículas após a calcinação, mas durante este processo, as partículas tornaram-se porosas, provavelmente devido às mudanças de fase cristalina da alumina e a saída de água dos cristais. Dentre vinte formulações diferentes testadas para produzir membranas cerâmicas, quatro composições apresentaram os melhores resultados com relação ao processamento por extrusão: duas composições com o resíduo bruto e duas com o resíduo calcinado. Neste trabalho, as membranas tubulares compostas pelo resíduo de alumina e pela argila bentonítica foram produzidas por extrusão e foram sinterizadas a 900, 1000 e 1100°C. Foi observado que as membranas produzidas apresentaram superfícies com poros distribuídos. A porosidade aparente variou entre 47,70% (composição com 60% de resíduo calcinado e 40% de argila bentonítica sinterizada a 1000°C) e 58,40% (composição com 70% de resíduo bruto e 30% de argila bentonítica sinterizada a 1000°C). Foram realizados ensaios de fluxo tangencial com água deionizada em pressões de 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 Bar. O maior fluxo permeado (909,24L/h.m2) foi observado para as membranas feitas da composição contendo 70% de resíduo bruto e 30% de argila bentonítica sinterizadas a 1100°C, aplicando pressão de 1 Bar.
The Bayer process uses bauxite as raw material to obtain alumina. This process includes four stages: digestion, clarification, precipitation and calcination. The waste generated during the calcination step is a product with small particle size, known as ESP dust. This research aimed to develop tubular ceramic membranes using in its composition the ESP dust, an alumina powder from electrostatic precipitator, and a bentonite clay. Initially, the characterization of the precursors was performed. Two samples were studied, one from crude residue and other from calcined residue at 1200°C. These samples showed a high content of alumina in chemical compositions. The gibbsite and α-alumina phases were identified in crude residue and after calcination gibbsite was completely transformed into α-alumina. Were observed no significant changes in particles size and morphology after calcination, but during this process, the particles become porous, probable due changes in crystalline phase of alumina and the water outlet of crystals. Among twenty different formulations tested to produce ceramic membranes, four compositions showed better results with regard to the extrusion processing: two compositions with crude residue and two with calcined residue. In this paper, tubular membranes produced from alumina residue and bentonite clay were sintered at 900, 1000 and 1100°C. It was observed that the produced membranes had surfaces with distributed pores. The apparent porosity was between 47.70% (composition with 60% of calcined residue and 40% of bentonite clay sintered at 1000°C) and 58.40% (composition with 70% of crude residue and 30% of bentonite clay sintered at 1000°C). Tangential flow tests were performed with deionized water at pressures of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 Bar. Higher permeate flow rate (909,24L/h.m2) was observed for membranes made of a composition containing crude residue (70%) and bentonite clay (30%) sintered at 1100°C, applying pressure of 1 bar.
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R?go, Vilson Ribamar. „Estudo do efeito da adi??o da esc?ria de aciaria no processamento e propriedades finais de telhas cer?micas“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12772.

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This research presents an overview of the addition steelwork dust of ceramic shingles in order to contribute to the utilization use of such residue. The ceramic industry perspective in the Brazilian State of Piau? is quite promising. Unlike other productive sectors, the ceramic industry uses basically natural raw materials. Its final products are, in short, the result of transforming clay compounds. These raw materials are composed primarily of aluminum oxide, silicon, iron, sodium, magnesium, end calcium, among others. It was verified that steelwork dust is composed primarily of these same oxides, so that its incorporation in to structural ceramics is a very reasonable idea. Both clay and steelwork powder were characterized by AG, XRF, XRD, TGA and DTA. In addition, steelwork dust samples containing (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were extruded and burned at 800?C, 850?C, 900?C and 950?C. Then t echnological tests of linear shrinkage, water uptake, apparent porosity, apparent density and flexural strengthwere carried at. The results showed the possibility of using steelwork powder in ceramic shingles until 15% significant improvement in physical and mechanical properties. This behavior shows the possibility of burning at temperatures lower than 850?C, thus promoting a product final cost reduction
Neste trabalho ? estudado o efeito da adi??o da esc?ria de aciaria em massas cer?micas para ind?strias de cer?mica vermelha, visando contribuir com o aproveitamento desses rejeitos. Foi feito uma avalia??o da sua adi??o ? massa cer?mica para produ??o de telhas. O panorama da ind?stria cer?mica no estado do Piau? ? bastante promissor. Diferente de outros setores produtivos, o setor cer?mico utiliza, basicamente, mat?rias-primas naturais. O seu produto final ?, em suma, o resultado da transforma??o de compostos argilominerais. Essas mat?rias-primas s?o compostas, basicamente, de ?xidos de alum?nio, sil?cio, ferro, s?dio, magn?sio, c?lcio, dentre outros. Verificou-se que a esc?ria de aciaria ? composta principalmente por esses mesmos ?xidos, de forma que sua incorpora??o ? massa de cer?mica estrutural ? uma ideia absolutamente razo?vel. Foram caracterizadas as mat?rias-primas argila e esc?ria de aciaria por AG, FRX, DRX, TGA e DTA. Tamb?m foram conformados por extrus?o e queimados nas temperaturas de 800?C, 850 ?C, 900?C e 950?C corpos-deprova com 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% e 25% de teor de esc?ria de aciaria. Em seguida, foram realizados ensaios tecnol?gicos de retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de se utilizar at? 15% de esc?ria de aciaria na massa cer?mica para telhas. At? essa dosagem, melhorias consider?veis nas caracter?sticas f?sicas e mec?nicas avaliadas foram observadas. O estudo tamb?m mostrou a possibilidade de queima em temperaturas mais baixas que 850?C, promovendo, assim, uma redu??o dos custos finais do produto
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Bücher zum Thema "Ceramic dust"

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Mendelson, Cheryl. Home Comforts: The Art and Science of Keeping House. 4. Aufl. New York, USA: Scribner, 1999.

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Mendelson, Cheryl. Home Comforts: The Art & Science of Keeping House. New York, USA: Scribner, 2005.

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Metals and Materials Society Meeting (1997 : Orlando, Fla.) Minerals. Processing and Handling of Powders and Dusts: Proceedings of an International Symposium Sponsored by the Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing, Power Metallurgy, and Reactive. Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society, 1997.

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P, Battle Thomas, Henein Hani, TMS Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing Committee., TMS Powder Metallurgy Committee., TMS Reactive Metals Committee. und Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, Hrsg. Processing and handling of powders and dusts: Proceedings of an international symposium sponsored by the Synthesis, Control, and Analysis in Materials Processing, Power Metallurgy, and Reactive Metals Committee, held at the Annual Meeting of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society in Orlando, Florida, February 9-13, 1997. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1997.

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An Experimental Study on Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash, Fine Aggregate with Graded Quarry Dust and Coarse Aggregate with Ceramic Waste Tiles in Concrete. Karur, India: ASDF International, 2017.

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Mendelson, Cheryl. Home Comforts: The Art and Science of Keeping House. Scribner, 2002.

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Home Comforts: The Art and Science of Keeping House. 7. Aufl. New York, USA: Scribner, 1999.

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Mendelson, Cheryl. Home Comforts: The Art & Science of Keeping House. Scribner, Armstrong, and Co., 1999.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Ceramic dust"

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Amin, Sh K., S. A. El Sherbiny, D. A. Nagi, H. A. Sibak und M. F. Abadir. „Recycling of Ceramic Dust Waste in Ceramic Tiles Manufacture“. In Waste Management and Resource Efficiency, 765–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7290-1_64.

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Qi, Haiying, Changfu You und Yingjie Bao. „An Oveview of Silica Dust Polution and Controls“. In Ceramic Transactions Series, 355–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118406038.ch44.

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Run-sheng, Xu, Zhang Jian-liang, Liu Zheng-jian und Song Teng-fei. „Injection of BOF Dust Into the Blast Furance Through Tuyere“. In Ceramic Transactions Series, 75–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118996652.ch8.

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Misawa, Nobuhiro, Hiroshi Sasatsu, Shinichi Sakuno und Hidehiro Kamiya. „Cohesive Dust Cake Formation on A Ceramic Tube Filter as The Main Cause of A Pressure Drop Increase in A High Temperature Gas Cleaning Process“. In Ceramic Transactions Series, 301–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144145.ch47.

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Suzuki, K., K. Nakano, F. Takeda und Y. Kanno. „Corrosive Behaviour of Fibrous Hot Gas Filter in a Model Atmosphere and Dust for Refuse Incineration“. In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 538–44. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch83.

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Sieger, Werner. „Dust Firing Technology in the Glass Industry“. In 45th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 6, Issue 3/4, 214–23. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470320266.ch10.

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Godbey, Thomas. „Techniques for Upgrading Dust Collection Systems“. In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 66th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 1, 82–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291306.ch7.

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Boothe, David T., Harold Severin und Clint Braine. „Recycling of Electrostatic Precipitator Dust from Glass Furnaces“. In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 54th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 15, Issue 2, 62–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470314401.ch7.

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Pair, Ron. „Dust-Free Loading and Stockpiling of Dry Bulk Material“. In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 1978, 1979, and 1980 Meetings of the Materials & Equipment/Whitewares: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 1, Issue 9/10, 805–6. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291047.ch21.

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Kasper, Andreas, Ernst Carduck, Monika Manges, Herbert Stadelmann und Jürgen Klinkers. „Contribution to the Characterization of Dust Emissions of Glass Melting Furnaces“. In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 66th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 1, 203–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291306.ch16.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Ceramic dust"

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Yuliansyah, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman, Agus Prasetya, Arif Eka Putra und Humam Budi Satriawan. „Preliminary study on immobilization of buffing dust by solidification method in ceramic brick“. In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011921.

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Anwar, R., H. R. Kamarun, V. V. Vermol und O. H. Hassan. „Marble dust incorporate in standard local ceramic body as enhancement in sanitary ware products“. In 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163750.

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Li, Junpeng, und Qingchun Qu. „Design and Experimental Study on Dust Collection System of Ceramic Dry Edge Grinding Machine“. In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-18.2018.121.

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Ninomiya, Yoshihiko, und Atsushi Sato. „Sintering Behavior of Coal Ash Build Up on Ceramic Filters in a Hot Gas Filtration System“. In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-127.

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To understand agglomeration phenomena of ash particles in a hot gas ceramic filter system, actual tests were carried out on candle filters with a 4MWth pressurized internally circulating fluidized bed boiler (PICFB) pilot plant. Coal ashes build up on the ceramic filters were analyzed by computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). The dust cake taken at 750°C did not show any sign of bridging or cleaning difficulty, while those at 950°C showed some difficulty in cleaning because of ash bridging between the adjacent ceramic filters. The initial deformation temperatures of the non-bridge dust were about 750 to 800°C. The index of R2O/(Al2O3+SiO2) (R2O = Na2O or K2O) for the non-bridge dust cake showed in the range of 1 to 25wt%, and the particle size of the potassium rich particles was in the range of 0.5 to 2.2μm. However, the index for the bridge cake approached to below 5% and the particle size of the potassium rich particles shifted to the larger range of 2.2 to 10μm. It was observed that weak sintering takes place by the reaction of potassium rich particles and the ash particles that adjoins the particles.
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Huang, Z. C., N. X. Wu und X. Q. Cheng. „Study on Dust Production Process and Removal Equipment of Spray Drying System in Ceramic Industry“. In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itms-15.2015.323.

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Park, S. C., T. W. Hwang, J. H. Ha und H. S. Kim. „Characteristics on High Temperature Particulate Clean Up in a Pilot Scale Vitrification Plant“. In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4994.

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Characteristics of high temperature filter system were evaluated and the operation parameters were identified through a series of tests by the ceramic candle filter elements. At the first time of the tests, the trend of the pressure drop across the filter was increased sharply. But due to the growth of dust cake on the surface of filters it became stabilized to a certain level soon. The pressure drop was increased by the face velocity strongly. The permeability of the filter element decreased rapidly in the initial time but because the deposition and it also became stable as time goes on. Dust collection efficiency of the filter was higher than the designed value of 99.9%. Dust cleaning of the filter surface was effective under the back flushing pressure range of 1 to 5 bar. Finally, at the long-term vitrification test, no specific defect or failure were occurred to the ceramic candle filter. Based on the test results, the performance and durability of the ceramic candle filter was proved as sound.
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Medvedovski, Eugene, und David D. Marchant. „Wear- and Corrosion-Resistant Ceramics for Protection of Pipelines and Rotating Equipment“. In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-128.

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Engineering ceramics have a growing application potential for the wear- and corrosion protection of piping systems and for manufacturing of working parts of rotating equipment in mining and -mineral industries, including oil, gas, coal, ores, and others. The alumina, zirconia, alumina-zirconia, and silicon carbide-based engineering ceramics developed and manufactured by Ceramic Protection Corporation used for extraction, processing, conveying, and dust collection equipment are reviewed. These ceramics have high hardness (greater than the majority of processed materials) and mechanical strength, moderate fracture toughness (fracture toughness of zirconia ceramics is close to metal fracture toughness), excellent wear- and corrosion resistance, ability to withstand high temperatures (greater than 1000°C) and thermal shocks. These ceramics successfully withstand various solid and liquid abrasive media transported at high velocity and turbulence, under high pressure and cavitation. In terms of wear- and corrosion resistance ceramics are significantly stronger than hard steels widely used in the piping systems, and may successfully replace hard metals such as tungsten carbide. The features of the compositions, microstructure, and properties of these ceramics are considered. The wear test results are discussed; the factors effected wear resistance are emphasized. In dependence on the working conditions and the product design, a ceramic material may be chosen or developed in each particular case. The manufacturing processes of the considered ceramics and the installation technique are described. These ceramics are produced on the large-scale basis, and the parts may be manufactured in accordance with the customer design and requirements. The ceramic components may be manufactured as monolithic bodies, including bodies with the complicated shapes, or as tiles; in both cases they are easily installed into equipment. The main features of the ceramic product design are discussed. Pipe lining, including elbows, T- and Y-sections, cyclones and reducers, nozzles, pump parts, seals, valves, and others made from these ceramics are successfully used in the most important sections of piping systems and rotating equipment. The use of the ceramics reduces the wear- and corrosion problems, increases the life cycle of equipment without damage and shutdowns.
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Stringer, John, und Alan J. Leitch. „Ceramic Candle Filter Performance at the Grimethorpe (UK) Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor“. In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-381.

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A pilot hot gas particulate removal system based on positive porous ceramic filters has been tested on the Grimethorpe Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustor facility. The filters are in the form of closed ended tubes, 1.5 m long: these are generally called ‘candles’. The dust accumulates on the outside of the candles, and is periodically removed by a pulse of air into the candle interior, which then flows outwards through the candle wall in the reverse direction to the normal flow of the combustion gas. The EPRI system contained a maximum of 130 candles, which is approximately equivalent to the requirement for 7 MW(e) capacity, depending on the filter operating parameters. The filter unit operated for a total of 860 hours under PFBC conditions, of which 790 hours were at defined process conditions, typically 850°C and 10 bar. The amount of gas flowing through each filter element was varied, and the time between cleaning pulses was also varied. The pressure drop through each filter element rose as the dust accumulated on the outer wall, and recovered after the cleaning pulse. However, the post-cleaning pressure drop does not recover to the original clean candle value, but increases with time. It is believed that a steady-state value is attained, but the exposure in the Grimethorpe test series was insufficient to establish this unequivocally. During the test, five candles failed. This appears to have been due to mechanical shock, as a result of candles lifting because of excessive pressure differentials across their support plate, and dropping back. The failures are not believed to be intrinsic to the technology. However, in addition a reduction in the strength of the candles with time of exposure was observed. This might also attain a steady state value, but this too could not be established on the basis of the tests reported in this paper. This is clearly a matter of importance, and further work will be required to determine the suitability of the clay-bonded silicon carbide medium used in these tests for this application. A number of deficiencies in the design of the unit emerged with the operating experience, and suggestions have been made for improvements. However, it is clear that further work on design optimization is required. The pulse cleaning air usage in the tests was greater than would be economically acceptable in a practical system. Further work needs to be done to optimize the cleaning cycle. Overall, the test was very successful, and when operating properly the filters removed essentially all of the dust in the gas exiting from the combustor. Apart from the issues with the candle strength and the pulse cleaning air usage, the other problems were not believed to be of major importance in the further development of the technology. This paper will summarize the test results, emphasizing the problems of candle durability and the pulse cleaning system.
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9

Zievers, James F., Parul Patel, Paul Eggerstedt und Elizabeth C. Zievers. „Simultaneous Hot Desulfurization and Improved Filtration in Coal Utilization Processes“. In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-087.

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This paper suggests the use of spent metal oxide materials for use in sulfur removal as an alternative to regenerable pelletized metal oxide sorbents. When classified to a desired particle size and injected into a high temperature coal utilization process, such a “once-through” sorbent can effectively remove sulfur and simultaneously increase the permeability of dust collected at a downstream ceramic filter station, in a highly cost effective manner.
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10

Patel, Parul C., James F. Zievers, Paul M. Eggerstedt und Elizabeth C. Zievers. „Simultaneous Hot Desulfurization and Improved Filtration in Coal Utilization Processes Using Waste Material“. In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-217.

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Ceramic candle filtration is one of the few technologies for high temperature particulate removal which can meet both gas turbine manufacturer’s inlet particulate requirements and U.S. Clean Air Act requirements. Similarly, advances made in sorbent technology, especially metal oxide sorbents, have resulted in effective sulfur emissions mitigation. Current use of metal oxide sorbents, however, has focused on, regenerable formulations which have excellent sulfur affinity but high physical attrition, resulting in poor overall economics. This paper suggests the use of spent metal oxide and calcium based materials for use in sulfur removal as an alternative to regenerable metal oxide sorbents. It becomes even more attractive when used in combination with ceramic candle filtration technology. When such sorbents are classified to a desired particle size and injected into a high temperature coal utilization process, such a “once-through” sorbent can effectively remove sulfur and simultaneously increase the permeability of dust collected at a downstream ceramic filter station, in a highly cost effective manner.
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