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1
Kee, Robert J., Huayang Zhu, Sandrine Ricote und Greg Jackson. „(Invited) Mixed Conduction in Ceramic Electrolytes For Intermediate-Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 46 (22.12.2023): 2216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02462216mtgabs.
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High-temperature fuel cells and electrolyzers (e.g., T > 700 ˚C) rely on oxide electrolytes such as stabilized cubic zirconia that conduct a single defect, oxygen vacancies. Intermediate-temperature electrochemical cells (e.g., T < 650 ˚C) utilize mixed conducting ceramic electrolytes, that conduct multiple defects. Operating at T < 600 ˚C facilitates lower-cost interconnect materials and balance-of-plant components, but the mixed conductor behavior can reduce fuel cell voltages and lower electrolyzer faradaic efficiencies. Predicting behavior of these mixed conductors, even at open-circuit voltage, requires modeling the coupled transport of the multiple conducting defects in the electrolyte. Detailed models of mixed conductors coupled to porous electrode models can simulate cell performance over a broad range of operating conditions. This presentation highlights models of two types of cells with mixed conducting oxide electrolytes. Firstly, gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) primarily conducts oxygen vacancies but also some electrons via a reduced-ceria small polaron, but it performs well in intermediate temperature solid-oxide fuel cells [1]. Secondly, yttrium-doped barium zirconates (BZY) primarily conducts protons but also oxygen vacancies and small polarons, which contribute to electronic leakage. Variants of BZY electrolytes perform well in fuel cells and electrolyzers [2-4]. This paper focuses on cell-level models of these mixed-conductors and how to identify favorable regions for high performance in fuel cells and electrolyzers. Zhu, A. Ashar, R.J. Kee, R.J. Braun, G.S. Jackson, “Physics-based model to represent the membrane-electrode assemblies of solid-oxide fuel cells based on gadolinium-doped ceria,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Under revision, 2023. J. Kee, S. Ricote, H. Zhu, R.J. Braun, G. Carins, J.E. Persky, “Perspectives on technical challenges and scaling considerations for tubular protonic-ceramic electrolysis cells and stacks ,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 169:054525 (2022). Zhu, Y. Shin, S. Ricote, R.J. Kee, “Defect incorporation and transport in dense BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-d membranes and their impact on hydrogen separation and compression,” J. Electrochem. Soc., Under revision, 2023. Zhu, S. Ricote, R.J. Kee, “Thermodynamics, transport, and electrochemistry in proton-conducting ceramic electrolysis cells,” in High Temperature Electrolysis, W. Sitte and R. Merkle, Editors, IOP Publishing, 2023.
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He, Binlang, Shenglin Kang, Xuetong Zhao, Jiexin Zhang, Xilin Wang, Yang Yang, Lijun Yang und Ruijin Liao. „Cold Sintering of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12/PEO Composite Solid Electrolytes“. Molecules 27, Nr. 19 (10.10.2022): 6756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196756.
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Ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes integrate the high ionic conductivity of in ceramics and the flexibility of organic polymers. In practice, ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes are generally made into thin films rather than sintered into bulk due to processing temperature limitations. In this work, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO) electrolyte containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt was successfully fabricated into bulk pellets via the cold sintering process (CSP). Using CSP, above 80% dense composite electrolyte pellets were obtained, and a high Li-ion conductivity of 2.4 × 10−4 S cm–1 was achieved at room temperature. This work focuses on the conductivity contributions and microstructural development within the CSP process of composite solid electrolytes. Cold sintering provides an approach for bridging the gap in processing temperatures of ceramics and polymers, thereby enabling high-performance composites for electrochemical systems.
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Tronstad, Zachary, und Bryan D. McCloskey. „Ion Conductive High Li+ Transference Number Polymer Composites for Solid-State Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, Nr. 5 (09.08.2024): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-015751mtgabs.
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Solid-state electrolytes are a promising field of study to improve the safety and energy density of lithium-based batteries. Composite solid electrolytes seek to leverage both the desirable mechanical properties of polymers and the high conductivity of active ceramic fillers; however, Li+ transport through the composite, and especially the extent of Li+ through the ceramic phase, remains an open question.1, 2 Simulations suggest that decreasing interfacial resistance between polymer and ceramic would promote transport through ceramic particles.1 Our work seeks to improve Li+ transport in the ceramic phase by engineering both polymer and ceramic materials that minimize the interfacial resistance between the two. Traditional polymer electrolytes have a low transference number (~0.15) compared to ceramics (~1), and when combined in composites this mismatch has been suggested as a major contributor to interfacial impedance.3 We explore the effect of the transference number mismatch by using a single-ion conducting polymer poly((trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium methacrylate) (PMTFSILi). The Li+ transport in a composite electrolyte with high transference number PMTFSILi is compared with that of a system utilizing a lithium salt. Contaminants on ceramic surface can also contribute to interfacial resistance. We consider how lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) content on the surface of LLZTO (Li6.4La3Zr2Ta0.6O12) affects Li+ transport. Accompanying this study is a detailed description of washing procedures used to clean the LLZTO surface. Titration Mass Spectrometry (TiMS) is used to quantify Li2CO3 content in our ceramic particles and assess the effectiveness of our cleaning procedures. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) data also assists in measuring the impact (Li+ exchange and transition metal dissolution) of various washing procedures (basic, acidic) on the LLZTO particles. Solid-state NMR has proven to be a useful tool in deconvoluting Li+ transport in different phases of composite electrolytes2 and is the primary technique we use to quantify transport in our system. These findings will provide a deeper understanding into the relationship between interfacial resistance and Li+ transport in composite electrolyte systems and shed light on how material choices can better utilize the highly conductive ceramic phase for Li+ transport. Kim, HK., Barai, P., Chavan, K. et al.Transport and mechanical behavior in PEO-LLZO composite electrolytes. J Solid State Electrochem 26, 2059–2075 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-022-05231-w Zheng J., Hu, Y. New Insights into the Compositional Dependence of Li-Ion transport in polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 10, 4, 4113–4120 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17301 Mehrotra A. et al. Quantifying Polarization Losses in an Organic Liquid Electrolyte/Single Ion Conductor Interface. Electrochem. Soc. 161 A1681 (2014). https://doi.org /10.1149/2.0721410jes
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Lee, Jong-Ho, Junseok Kim, Sihyuk Choi, HO-IL JI, Deok-Hwang Kwon, Sungeun Yang, Kyung Joong Yoon und Ji-Won Son. „Enhanced Sintering of Refractory Protonic Ceramic Electrolyte by Dual Phase Reaction“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, Nr. 48 (22.11.2024): 3380. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02483380mtgabs.
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Proton conducting oxides, commonly used as electrolytes in ceramic electrochemical cells, boast remarkable proton conductivity, facilitating efficient energy conversion. However, their refractory nature presents challenges in achieving the ideal electrolyte structure and properties. Our novel approach utilizes reaction sintering to effectively lower the electrolyte's sintering temperature, resulting in stable and excellent electrolytic properties. This method transforms a two-phase mixture (comprising fast and slow-sintering phases) into a single-phase compound and densifies the electrolyte in a single-step heating cycle. During the reaction sintering process, rapid growth of the fast-sintering phase grains occurs due to its superior sinterability, aided by Ostwald ripening exhibited by the smaller slow-sintering phase. Lowering the sintering temperature preserves the intended initial stoichiometry of the electrolyte material, leading to a significant enhancement in electrochemical performance.
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Luo, Jiajia, Yang Zhong und Guohua Chen. „Preparation, Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity of LATP/LB Glass Ceramic Solid Electrolytes“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2101, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2101/1/012081.
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Abstract The Li2O-Al2O3-TiO2-P2O5 system glass ceramic solid electrolytes were prepared by adding Li3BO3 (LB) frits. The phase composition, microstructure and electrical properties of glass ceramics were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and AC impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the principal crystalline phase of all glass ceramic samples was LiTi2(PO4)3. The grain sizes of glass ceramic sample increase with the increase of sintering temperature. When the additive amount of LB is 1wt %, the glass ceramic solid electrolyte sintered at 950 oC shows the highest room-temperature ionic conductivity of 1.9×10−4 S.cm−1, which can be expected to be used in solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
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Fincher, Cole D., Colin Gilgenbach, Christian Roach, Rachel Osmundsen, Brian W. Sheldon, W. Craig Carter, James LeBeau und Yet-Ming Chiang. „Electrochemical Embrittlement Accelerates Dendrite Growth in Ceramic Electrolytes“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, Nr. 38 (09.08.2024): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01382300mtgabs.
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Although solid-state batteries with metal anodes promise to enable safer, higher energy density batteries, metal protrusions (dendrites) grow when charging faster than a critical current density[1,2]. It is generally believed that dendrites grow when plating-induced stresses exceed that required for fracture of the solid-electrolyte[2–4]. Although the electrolyte's fracture toughness is commonly taken as a constant[2–4], here we show that the effective fracture toughness depends markedly upon the metal deposition current density. Based upon operando birefringence microscopy[5], we directly measure dendrite-induced stresses and obtain the mechanical driving force for failure, as well as the electrolyte fracture toughness. We find that increasing current densities embrittle the solid electrolyte—diminishing the fracture toughness by as much as 70%. Cryogenic Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-STEM) reveals decomposed electrolyte phases at the dendrite tip. This decomposition is associated with a volume contraction consistent with embrittlement of the electrolyte. All experiments were conducted on the most electrochemically stable Li-ion conducting solid electrolyte (tantalum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide); the fracture toughness of less stable electrolytes (e.g., agryodites) may be even more susceptible to such embrittlement. The collective results indicate that “electrochemical embrittlement” markedly weakens the electrolyte, enabling dendrite growth—even when such degradation has negligible effect on bulk electrochemical properties. References: Sudworth, J. L., Hames, M. D., Storey, M. A., Azim, M. F. & Tilley, A. R. An analysis and laboratory assessment of Two Sodium Sulfur Cell Designs. Power Sources 4, 1–18 (1972). Sharafi, A., Meyer, H. M., Nanda, J., Wolfenstine, J. & Sakamoto, J. Characterizing the Li–Li7La3Zr2O12 interface stability and kinetics as a function of temperature and current density. J. Power Sources 302, 135–139 (2016). Fincher, C. D. et al. Controlling dendrite propagation in solid-state batteries with engineered stress. Joule 6, 2794-2809 (2022). Porz, L. et al. Mechanism of lithium metal penetration through inorganic solid electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 7, 1701003 (2017). Athanasiou†, C. E., Fincher†, C. D. et al. Operando measurements of dendrite-induced stresses in ceramic electrolytes using photoelasticity. Matter (2023).
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Chen, Xi. „(Invited) Ion Transport and Interface Resistance in Polymer-Based Composite Electrolytes and Composite Cathode“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 6 (28.08.2023): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-016983mtgabs.
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Solid-state electrolytes are promising to enable the next generation batteries with higher energy density and improved safety. However, each major class of solid electrolytes has intrinsic weaknesses. By combining different classes of solid electrolytes, such as a polymer electrolyte and an oxide ceramic electrolyte, one can potentially overcome the intrinsic weaknesses of each component and develop a composite electrolyte to achieve high ionic conductivity, good mechanical properties, good chemical stability, and adhesion with the electrodes. In this presentation, we show that the interfacial resistance strongly affects the ionic conductivity of polymer/oxide ceramic composite electrolytes, in both the ceramic-in-polymer design where ceramic particles are dispersed within the polymer electrolyte matrix as well as the polymer-in-ceramic design where a three dimensionally interconnected ceramic scaffold is developed. The quantification of the interfacial resistance, the origin of this resistance, as well as the strategies to minimize it are discussed. In a second case, we examine the effect of interfaces on ion transport in a polymer based composite cathode consisting of LiFePO4 (LFP), carbon and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The structure and dynamics of PEO and lithium ion mobility are studied by small angle neutron scattering and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. The results show that Li ion mobility in PEO/LiTFSI in the composite cathode is only 30% of the bulk electrolyte. This suggests a key bottleneck that limits the rate performance of polymer-based solid-state batteries originates from the sluggish ion transport in the polymer electrolyte confined in the cathode.
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Thangadurai, Venkataraman. „(Invited) Garnet Solid Electrolytes for Advanced All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 47 (09.10.2022): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471759mtgabs.
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These days, Li metal anode-based battery has been arisen as one of the key energy storage technologies due to its high theoretical energy density compared to conventional lithium and sodium ion-based batteries. The present Li-S batteries suffer due to Li dendrite formation and capacity decay due to polysulfide dissolution effect, because of organic electrolytes used in the current research. Solid state (ceramic) electrolytes are promising to prevent Li dendrite growth and polysulfide dissolution. Among different ceramic electrolytes garnet-type structure solid inorganic electrolytes are very promising because of its high lithium-ion conductivity and stability with elemental Li. However, the high interfacial resistance with the electrode is the major bottleneck for the practical use of ceramic electrolyte. Polymer and ceramic hybrid electrolytes exhibit low interfacial resistance. In this talk, we will present development of electrolytes for all-solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Sahore, Ritu, Beth L. Armstrong, Changhao Liu und Xi Chen. „A Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Composite Polymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 4 (09.10.2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024378mtgabs.
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High energy density of solid-state batteries requires a thin solid electrolyte separator layer (<30 μm), that can sustain high currents and is easily processable. Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes can potentially fulfill these requirements by combining the advantages of each type. Ceramic electrolytes have high room-temperature ionic conductivity, transference number of one, and mechanical strength to suppress lithium dendrites, whereas polymer electrolytes are easily processable and can form conformable interfaces with the electrodes. High interfacial-impedance between polymer and ceramic electrolytes make the composites with dispersed ceramic particles less attractive.1 A composite electrolyte architecture where a three-dimensionally interconnected porous ceramic is filled with polymer electrolyte, previously reported by our group, can avoid the interfacial impedance issue, although for thin composite membranes, the interfacial impedance between ceramic framework and excess polymer layer on top/bottom surface will still dominate the overall impedance.2 Here we will present fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of ~150 μm thick composite electrolytes with the above-described 3D-interconnected ceramic architecture. The 3-D framework is obtained by partially sintering Ohara ceramic particle tapes obtained via tape casting, which are filled with curable polymer electrolyte precursors. To obtain a thin (5 μm), uniform polymer electrolyte layer on both surfaces, spray coating was employed. The resulting composite membrane exhibited good dendritic resistance in symmetric cell cycling, improved transference number compared to the polymer electrolytes. We also found significantly improved flexibility of the composite electrolytes with plasticization, however, at the cost of reduction in ionic conductivity due to damage to the ceramic network caused by plasticizer-induced swelling of the cross-linked polymer electrolyte. This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for the Vehicle Technologies Office’s Advanced Battery Materials Research Program (Tien Duong, Program Manager). This abstract has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). References Chen, X. C.; Liu, X.; Samuthira Pandian, A.; Lou, K.; Delnick, F. M.; Dudney, N. J., Determining and Minimizing Resistance for Ion Transport at the Polymer/Ceramic Electrolyte Interface. ACS Energy Letters 2019, 4 (5), 1080-1085. Palmer, M. J.; Kalnaus, S.; Dixit, M. B.; Westover, A. S.; Hatzell, K. B.; Dudney, N. J.; Chen, X. C., A three-dimensional interconnected polymer/ceramic composite as a thin film solid electrolyte. Energy Storage Materials 2020, 26, 242-249.
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Ranque, Pierre, Jakub Zagórski, Grazia Accardo, Ander Orue Mendizabal, Juan Miguel López del Amo, Nicola Boaretto, Maria Martinez-Ibañez et al. „Enhancing the Performance of Ceramic-Rich Polymer Composite Electrolytes Using Polymer Grafted LLZO“. Inorganics 10, Nr. 6 (13.06.2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10060081.
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Solid-state batteries are the holy grail for the next generation of automotive batteries. The development of solid-state batteries requires efficient electrolytes to improve the performance of the cells in terms of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, interfacial compatibility, and so on. These requirements call for the combined properties of ceramic and polymer electrolytes, making ceramic-rich polymer electrolytes a promising solution to be developed. Aligned with this aim, we have shown a surface modification of Ga substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), to be an essential strategy for the preparation of ceramic-rich electrolytes. Ceramic-rich polymer membranes with surface-modified LLZO show marked improvements in the performance, in terms of electrolyte physical and electrochemical properties, as well as coulombic efficiency, interfacial compatibility, and cyclability of solid-state cells.
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Thangadurai, Venkataraman. „(Invited) Lithium – Sulfur Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 4 (09.10.2022): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024545mtgabs.
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These days, Li-S battery has been arisen as one of the key energy storage technologies due to its high theoretical energy density compared to conventional lithium and sodium ion-based batteries. The present Li-S batteries suffer due to Li dendrite formation and capacity decay due to polysulfide dissolution effect, due to organic electrolytes used in the current research. Solid state (ceramic) electrolytes are promising to prevent Li dendrite growth and polysulfide dissolution. Among different ceramic electrolytes garnet-type structure solid inorganic electrolytes are very promising because of its high lithium-ion conductivity and stability with elemental Li. However, the high interfacial resistance with the electrode is the major bottleneck for the practical use of ceramic electrolyte. Polymer and ceramic hybrid electrolytes exhibit low interfacial resistance. In this talk, we will present development of novel hybrid electrolytes for all-solid-state Li-S batteries, along with new methods to produce S cathodes with minimal polysulfide shuttle effect.
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Kirchberger, Anna Maria, Patrick Walke und Tom Nilges. „Effect of Nanostructured Inorganic Ceramic Filler on Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 6 (28.08.2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-016991mtgabs.
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In view of the ongoing changes in energy science and technology, the possibilities of energy storage are getting increasingly important. In particular, storing electrical energy is more complex than with fossil fuels. Lithium-Ion batteries are the most commonly used media for energy storage, but they also have some safety-related problems: toxic decomposition products can leak out and the devices can catch fire. Research is underway to find alternatives to minimize this potential hazards. Great improvements in safety matters can be achieved by replacing liquid electrolytes with ceramic/polymer hybrid electrolytes. These hybrid electrolytes combine the advantages of polymer electrolytes with the benefits of inorganic ceramic fillers.1 Flexibility, good contact ability and in addition the good processability is provided through the polymer. The inorganic ceramic filler in contrast adds mechanical stability, opens new pathways for the Lithium-Ions and can enhance the stability of the electrolyte. Figure 1: different Lithium-ion pathways in ceramic/polymer hybrid electrolytes dependent on different filler amounts. 2 In this work the impact of the manufacturing method on the conductivity of a series of electrolytes was examined. Therefore, hot pressing, solution casting and electrospinning were tested. Also, different distribution methods for the particles in the material were tested to monitor the influence of agglomeration on the conductivity. The materials were characterized regarding the crystallinity using X-Ray diffraction, the surface and particle distribution was monitored with SEM/EDX, the thermal character was investigated using DSC, the conductivity was determined using impedance spectroscopy and the electrochemical behavior was tested using cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the Arrhenius equation was used to interpret the results of impedance spectroscopy regarding their activation energy. The addition of inorganic ceramic fillers leads to an enhancement of the ionic conductivity in PEO based electrolytes and increases processability and stability of the electrolyte. In this work conductivities of 10-5 S/cm were reached at room temperature. The performance of the electrolyte was increased above three orders of magnitude compared to a PEO electrolyte without inorganic ceramic fillers. Walke, P.; Kirchberger, A.; Reiter, F.; Esken, D.; Nilges, T., Effect of nanostructured Al2O3 on poly(ethylene oxide)-based solid polymer electrolytes. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2021, 76 (10-12), 615-624. Chen, L.; Li, Y.; Li, S.-P.; Fan, L.-Z.; Nan, C.-W.; Goodenough, J. B., PEO/garnet composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium batteries: From “ceramic-in-polymer” to “polymer-in-ceramic”. Nano Energy 2018, 46, 176-184. Figure 1
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Zhao, Hui, Zhen Liu und Zhong Han. „A Comparison on Ceramic Coating Formed on AM50 Alloy by Micro-Arc Oxidation in Two Electrolytes“. Materials Science Forum 546-549 (Mai 2007): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.575.
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Characteristics of ceramic coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in silicate and phosphate electrolytes have been investigated in this study. This study reveals that the thickness of the ceramic coatings increases with the treated time in both electrolytes, the growth rate of ceramic layer in phosphate is faster than that in silicate electrolyte. The surface roughness of the ceramic coating formed in phosphate electrolyte is higher than that formed in silicate electrolyte. The coatings formed in silicate, containing a thicker inner barrier layer and a thinner outer porous layer, consist of MgO, Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 phases. For the coatings formed in phosphate, the outer porous layer is thicker than the inner layer, it consist mainly of MgO and MgAlO4 phases.
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Méry, Adrien, Steeve Rousselot, David Lepage, David Aymé-Perrot und Mickael Dollé. „Limiting Factors Affecting the Ionic Conductivities of LATP/Polymer Hybrid Electrolytes“. Batteries 9, Nr. 2 (28.01.2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020087.
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All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (ASSLB) are promising candidates for next generation lithium battery systems due to their increased safety, stability, and energy density. Ceramic and solid composite electrolytes (SCE), which consist of dispersed ceramic particles within a polymeric host, are among the preferred technologies for use as electrolytes in ASSLB systems. Synergetic effects between ceramic and polymer electrolyte components are usually reported in SCE. Herein, we report a case study on the lithium conductivity of ceramic and SCE comprised of Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP), a NASICON-type ceramic. An evaluation of the impact of the processing and sintering of the ceramic on the conductive properties of the electrolyte is addressed. The study is then extended to Poly(Ethylene) Oxide (PEO)-LATP SCE. The presence of the ceramic particles conferred limited benefits to the SCE. These findings somewhat contradict commonly held assumptions on the role of ceramic additives in SCE.
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Athanasiou, Christos E., Xing Liu, Huajian Gao und Brian W. Sheldon. „Inelastic Deformation Mechanisms in Ceramic and Glass Electrolytes & Dendrites“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 6 (28.08.2023): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-016976mtgabs.
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Ceramic and glass electrolytes are a promising replacement for the liquid electrolytes that are commonly used in Li-ion batteries. Their mechanical properties are known to play a critical role not only in practical issues related to safe cell assembly, but also in the battery cell performance. In this talk, inelastic deformation mechanisms in ceramic and sulfide glass electrolytes will be presented and their implication in battery performance will be discussed. Such mechanisms can be either introduced by additive materials in the electrolyte matrix or can even be inherently present in the electrolytes. In the first part of the talk, a methodology for toughening ceramic oxide electrolytes via the use of nanoscale reinforcement will be shown. Then, measurements showing viscoplastic deformation of amorphous sulfide electrolytes will be presented. Finally, strategies for implementing mechanically robust and high performance solid-state batteries will be discussed.
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Carmona, Eric A., und Paul Albertus. „Solid-State Electrolyte Fracture in Lithium Metal Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 4 (09.10.2022): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024396mtgabs.
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Next generation batteries utilizing solid-state electrolytes to enable use of lithium metal electrodes are of significant interest due to increased energy density and the potential safety enhancements. Despite their high yield strength, high room temperature ionic conductivity, and lack of reactivity with metallic lithium, these ceramic solid electrolytes are still prone to dendrite formation and subsequent cell failure above critical current densities. One experimentally observed dendrite formation and propagation mechanism requires mechanical failure of the electrolyte via fracture. Ceramic solid electrolyte’s do not undergo ductile deformation, leaving fracture as the primary means of stress relaxation. The electrolyte’s propensity to fracture is dependent on its material properties (i.e. fracture toughness), electrode mechanical properties, and the cell operating conditions (e.g. applied current density, stack pressure, temperature). This talk will focus on electrochemical-mechanical coupling (including thermodynamic and kinetic couplings of mechanical forces with electrochemical behavior) and the relationship between the current distribution, developed stresses, and solid-electrolyte fracture initiation at Li protrusions. The effect of current focusing on stress-driven fracture, plastic deformation of lithium, and the influence of mechanical boundary conditions will be described.
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Chen, X. Chelsea, Yiman Zhang, Laura C. Merrill, Charles Soulen, Michelle L. Lehmann, Jennifer L. Schaefer, Zhijia Du, Tomonori Saito und Nancy J. Dudney. „Gel composite electrolyte – an effective way to utilize ceramic fillers in lithium batteries“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, Nr. 10 (2021): 6555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00180a.
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In this work we compare the effects of Li+ conducting ceramic fillers in a gel composite electrolyte vs a dry composite electrolyte. The strategy to effectively utilize ceramic fillers to achieve synergy in composite electrolytes is discussed.
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Fu, Wen, Li Wang und Li Chen. „The Discharge Characteristics of PEO Films in K2ZrF6 with H3PO4 Electrolyte“. Advanced Materials Research 461 (Februar 2012): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.277.
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The discharge characteristics of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation process were investigated. Phosphoric acid was applied as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content additives under constant voltage. The effect of additives on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that the additives could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions effectively.
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Fu, Wen, Li Wang und Li Chen. „The Discharge Characteristics of PEO Films in K2ZrF6 with NaH2PO4 Electrolyte“. Advanced Materials Research 577 (Oktober 2012): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.577.115.
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The discharge characteristics of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte during plasma electrolytic oxidation process were investigated. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate was applied as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content additives under constant voltage. The effect of additives on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that the additives could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions effectively.
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Kim, Hyun Woo. „Scalable and Flexible Li-Ion Conducting Film Using a Sacrificial Template for High-Voltage All-Solid-State Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, Nr. 8 (22.11.2024): 1096. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0281096mtgabs.
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The safety issues concerning conventional Li+ ion batteries (LIBs) are attributed to the use of flammable organic liquid electrolyte (LE), which could result in fire and explosion. To address the safety issues and increase the durability, All-solid-state Li+ ion batteries (ASLBs) using inorganic solid electrolyte (SE) are considered as an ideal alternative for developing safe LIBs. Their wide range of operating temperature, from room temperature to over 90°C, is also an important advantage with regards to energy storage systems. SE can be classified into two types: sulfide-based SEs and oxide-based SEs. First, in the case of sulfide-based SEs, thio-LISICON, and Li-argyrodite are present and these have high ionic conductivity that are comparable to LE . Furthermore, a sulfide-based SE with a polymer electrolyte has been extensively investigated as well. However, one of the major disadvantages of a sulfide-based SE is that it is chemically unstable in air as it reacts with moisture in the air to produce H2S gas, which is a hazardous.On the contrary, oxide- based SEs including garnet, NASICON type may be attractive because they not only have high ionic conductivity but also, are chemically stable in air. Given these aspects, many researchers are devoted to the combination of oxide-based SEs and polymer electrolytes by adding oxide-based SE powders in a polymer matrix, as polymer electrolytes exhibit more suitable mechanical properties than those of ceramics, but show low ionic conductivity at room temperature.The combination of oxide-based SEs and polymers have paved new ways to create better electrolytes which incorporate both the high ionic conductivity of the oxide-based SE and the stable mechanical properties of polymers. In the case of composite electrolytes, many researchers anticipated that the higher the oxide-based SE (herein, ceramic) content in a composite electrolyte, the higher the Li+ ion conduction contribution from the ceramic. To investigate the effect of Li+ ion conduction from ceramic powders, analytical research studies according to the ceramic content have been conducted. Unexpectedly, even if the ratio of ceramic powder is increased, the ceramic’s contribution to Li+ ion conductivity could not be confirmed as there is no path for the Li+ ions to percolate through the ceramic due to high interfacial resistance in the ceramic powders. Furthermore, this ceramic powder acts as a resistor due to high interfacial resistances between the ceramic powder and polymer electrolyte. In this work, scalable and flexible composite electrolyte film (SFCEF) was fabricated based on a fiber-shaped ceramic and polymer support. Ceramic fibers of Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3 (LATP) were prepared by sintering the precursor-coated sacrificial template and then infiltrated with a polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer to obtain the FSCEF. The LATP fibers induced continuous Li+ ion channels, allowing the FSCEF to show an ionic conductivity exceeding 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C. The synergistic action of the ceramic frameworks and supportive PEO resulted in enhanced mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, the possibility of using a FSCEF in all-solid-state batteries was confirmed by conducting electrochemical performance tests on a Li/FSCEF/LCO (LiCoO2) cell. We expect that the herein reported findings will contribute to the synthesis of thin and flexible solid-state electrolyte films with manufacturing scalability for promising high-voltage all-solid-state batteries.
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Mu, Xiaowei, Anyang Wang und Nianqiang Wu. „Plasma Modification of Interfaces in Ceramic Nanofiber–Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 6 (28.08.2023): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-016987mtgabs.
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Ceramic–polymer composite electrolytes hold a great promise as next-generation electrolytes because of strong mechanical properties and wide electrochemical stability window. However, it remains challenges in improving ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference numbers. In this work, plasma treatment has been performed on Li0.33La0.557Ti0.995Al0.005O3 (LLATO) nanofibers. The treated nanofibers are then incorporated with a polymer matrix to form a composite electrolyte. Plasma treatment has modulated oxygen vacancies, functional groups, polarity, and interfacial interaction of LLATO-polymer. This has improved lithium ion transport at interface of LLATO-polymer electrolyte. As a result, the LLATO-polymer electrolyte shows enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical performance. This work has implication in design of ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes for solid state lithium metal batteries.
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Wu, Shi Kui, und Li Wang. „The Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process in K2ZrF6 with Na2HPO4 Electrolyte“. Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (Dezember 2012): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1387.
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The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) process of the potassium fluorozirconate electrolyte were investigated with disodium hydrogen phosphate used as additives. Ceramic films were prepared on magnesium alloy in electrolytes with different content of disodium hydrogen phosphate under constant voltage. The effect of disodium hydrogen phosphate on the pH of the electrolyte and the dissolution of the substrate were investigated. It was found that disodium hydrogen phosphate could influence the pH and dissolved magnesium ions significantly.
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Wang, Wanhua, Wei Wu, Zeyu Zhao, Hanping Ding, Fanglin (Frank) (Frank) Chen und Dong Ding. „New Observations on Material Processing and Investigation on Long Term Stability for Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (P-SOEC)“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, Nr. 48 (22.11.2024): 3335. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02483335mtgabs.
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New clean energy technologies with higher energy conversion efficiency and lower emissions are needed to meet the global energy and climate change challenges. As an efficient clean energy conversion device, solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) have emerged as a promising avenue for hydrogen production, garnering considerable attention in recent years. Compared with conventional oxygen ion-conducting SOECs (O-SOECs), proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (P-SOEC) can operate at a lower temperature (400-600°C) because of the generally lower activation energy associated with proton conduction in oxides compared to oxygen ion conduction, thereby reducing operating costs and the need for high-temperature material technology. Central to the functionality of P-SOECs is the proton-conducting electrolyte, which profoundly influences the electrochemical performance and stability of the cell. Extensive researches have been conducted to develop and design excellent protonic ceramic as electrolyte materials. However, the challenge remains on delivering high conductivity after experiencing the high-temperature ceramic heat treatments. In this work, we reported segregation phenomenon during the aging process of the most employed protonic ceramics and its significant impact on microstructure and conductivity. We also investigate the long term stability of the P-SOEC under varied conditions with different electrolytes.
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Goodenough, J. „Ceramic solid electrolytes“. Solid State Ionics 94, Nr. 1-4 (01.02.1997): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(96)00501-2.
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Monajjemi, Majid, und Fatemeh Mollaamin. „Development of Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) to Increase Ionic Conductivity through Interactions between Solid Electrolytes and Anode and Cathode Electrodes“. Energies 17, Nr. 18 (10.09.2024): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17184530.
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Although in general ions are not able to migrate in the solid-state position due to rigid skeletal structure, in some solid electrolytes with a low energy barrier and high ionic conductivities, these ion transition can occur. In this work, we considered several solid electrolytes including lithium phosphorus oxy-nitride (LIPON), a lithium super-ionic conductor (SILICON), and thio-LISICON. For the fabrication and characterization of the solid electrolyte’s fabrication, we used a single-step ball milling (SSBM) procedure. Through this research on all-solid-state rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, our target is to discuss solving several problems in solid LIBs that have recently escalated due to raised concerns relating to safety hazards such as solvent leakage and the flammability of the liquid electrolytes used for commercial LIBs. Through this research, we tested the conductivity amounts of various substrates containing amorphous glass, SSBM, and glass-ceramic samples. Obviously, the SSBM glass-ceramics increased the conductivity, and we also found that the values for conductivity attained by SSBM were higher than those values for glass-ceramics. Using an SSBM technique, silicon nanoparticles were used as an anode material and it was found that the charge and discharge curves in the battery cell cycled between 0.009 and 1.45 V versus Li+/Li at a current density of 210 mA g−1 at room temperature. Since high resistance causes degradation between the cathode material (LiCoO2) and the solid electrolyte, we added GeS2 and SiS2 to the Li2S-P2S5 system to obtain higher conductivities and better stability of the electrode–electrolyte interface.
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Walkowiak, Mariusz, Monika Osińska, Teofil Jesionowski und Katarzyna Siwińska-Stefańska. „Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid TiO2/SiO2 filler for lithium conducting gel electrolytes“. Open Chemistry 8, Nr. 6 (01.12.2010): 1311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0110-3.
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AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis and properties of a new type of ceramic fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes. Hybrid TiO2-SiO2 ceramic powders have been obtained by co-precipitation from titanium(IV) sulfate solution using sodium silicate as the precipitating agent. The resulting submicron-size powders have been applied as fillers for composite polymer gel electrolytes for Li-ion batteries based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF/HFP) copolymeric membranes. The powders, dry membranes and gel electrolytes have been examined structurally and electrochemically, showing favorable properties in terms of electrolyte uptake and electrochemical characteristics in Li-ion cells.
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Spencer Jolly, Dominic, Dominic L. R. Melvin, Isabella D. R. Stephens, Rowena H. Brugge, Shengda D. Pu, Junfu Bu, Ziyang Ning et al. „Interfaces between Ceramic and Polymer Electrolytes: A Comparison of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Hybrid Solid-State Batteries“. Inorganics 10, Nr. 5 (26.04.2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10050060.
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Hybrid solid-state batteries using a bilayer of ceramic and solid polymer electrolytes may offer advantages over using a single type of solid electrolyte alone. However, the impedance to Li+ transport across interfaces between different electrolytes can be high. It is important to determine the resistance to Li+ transport across these heteroionic interfaces, as well as to understand the underlying causes of these resistances; in particular, whether chemical interphase formation contributes to giving high resistances, as in the case of ceramic/liquid electrolyte interfaces. In this work, two ceramic electrolytes, Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO), were interfaced with the solid polymer electrolyte PEO10:LiTFSI and the interfacial resistances were determined by impedance spectroscopy. The LLZTO/polymer interfacial resistance was found to be prohibitively high but, in contrast, a low resistance was observed at the LPS/polymer interface that became negligible at a moderately elevated temperature of 50 °C. Chemical characterization of the two interfaces was carried out, using depth-profiled X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, to determine whether the interfacial resistance was correlated with the formation of an interphase. Interestingly, no interphase was observed at the higher resistance LLZTO/polymer interface, whereas LPS was observed to react with the polymer electrolyte to form an interphase.
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Spencer Jolly, Dominic, Dominic L. R. Melvin, Isabella D. R. Stephens, Rowena H. Brugge, Shengda D. Pu, Junfu Bu, Ziyang Ning et al. „Interfaces between Ceramic and Polymer Electrolytes: A Comparison of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Hybrid Solid-State Batteries“. Inorganics 10, Nr. 5 (26.04.2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10050060.
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Hybrid solid-state batteries using a bilayer of ceramic and solid polymer electrolytes may offer advantages over using a single type of solid electrolyte alone. However, the impedance to Li+ transport across interfaces between different electrolytes can be high. It is important to determine the resistance to Li+ transport across these heteroionic interfaces, as well as to understand the underlying causes of these resistances; in particular, whether chemical interphase formation contributes to giving high resistances, as in the case of ceramic/liquid electrolyte interfaces. In this work, two ceramic electrolytes, Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO), were interfaced with the solid polymer electrolyte PEO10:LiTFSI and the interfacial resistances were determined by impedance spectroscopy. The LLZTO/polymer interfacial resistance was found to be prohibitively high but, in contrast, a low resistance was observed at the LPS/polymer interface that became negligible at a moderately elevated temperature of 50 °C. Chemical characterization of the two interfaces was carried out, using depth-profiled X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, to determine whether the interfacial resistance was correlated with the formation of an interphase. Interestingly, no interphase was observed at the higher resistance LLZTO/polymer interface, whereas LPS was observed to react with the polymer electrolyte to form an interphase.
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Dunyushkina, Liliya A. „Field-assisted sintering of refractory oxygen-ion and proton conducting ceramics“. Electrochemical Materials and Technologies 3, Nr. 3 (Special Issue) (2024): 20243040. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/elmattech.2024.3.040.
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Solid oxides with high oxygen-ion and proton conductivity have been extensively studied for applications in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, sensors, hydrogen separators, etc. However, the preparation of high-density ceramic electrolytes is often complicated by the exceptional refractoriness of most oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide phases. Therefore, conventional sintering of these materials is very energy consuming and low effective. In recent years, non-conventional field-assisted sintering technologies (FASTs) such as spark plasma sintering, flash sintering and microwave sintering, have been developed and applied for sintering dense ceramic electrolytes at reduced temperatures. In this article, the applications of FASTs for densification of refractory oxygen-ion and proton conducting ceramics are reviewed, while the mechanisms, advantages and limitations of these technologies are discussed, with special emphasis on the effects of FASTs on the microstructural and transport properties of sintered materials, and the performance of FAST-processed electrochemical cells.
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Lee, Kyoung-Jin, Eun-Jeong Yi, Gangsanin Kim und Haejin Hwang. „Synthesis of Ceramic/Polymer Nanocomposite Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries“. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, Nr. 7 (01.07.2020): 4494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17562.
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Lithium-ion conducting nanocomposite solid electrolytes were synthesized from polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), LiClO4, and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) ceramic particles. The synthesized nanocomposite electrolyte consisted of LATP particles and an amorphous polymer. LATP particles were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposite electrolytes were flexible and self-standing. The lithium-ion conductivity of the nanocomposite electrolyte was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the PEO/PMMA solid polymer electrolyte.
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Dai, Baoxin, Man Zhou, Kaige Liu, Bin He, Bingxi Xiang und Lingbing Kong. „The molding of the ceramic solid electrolyte sheet prepared by tape casting“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2566, Nr. 1 (01.08.2023): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2566/1/012102.
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Abstract Ceramic oxide solid-state electrolytes are more popular among researchers because of their excellent thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, excellent lithium-ion conductivity and high elastic modulus. Lithium-ion solid-state batteries with tantalum-doped Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) inorganic ceramic electrolytes have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary lithium-ion conductivity, incombustibility, and wide electrochemical window. Tape casting is a common method for ceramic molding, which is mainly used to prepare ceramic packaging substrate. However, the preparation process of casting slurry is tedious and time-consuming. In this study, a one-step vibration ball-milling method was proposed to prepare a non-aqueous-based casting slurry, which only took 2 hours. By optimizing the process parameters, the LLZTO solid electrolyte film prepared by tape casting had a uniform texture, and its thickness could be as thin as several microns. The perovskite-type LLZTO-independent ceramic electrolyte film with a thickness of 83 μm was prepared by tape casting. The Li+ ionic conductivity of the LLZTO solid-state electrolyte membrane is 2.0×10−5 S·cm−1. The Li-symmetric battery with all-solid-state lithium assembled using 83 μm thick LLZTO exhibited stable Li deposition and stripping properties.
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Chometon, Ronan, Marc Dechamps, Jean-Marie Tarascon und Christel Laberty-Robert. „Meaningful Metrics for an Efficient Solvent-Free Formulation of Polymer – Argyrodite Hybrid Solid Electrolyte“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, Nr. 6 (22.12.2023): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-026929mtgabs.
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Solid-state batteries generate huge excitement with the promise of higher energy density than current Li-ion technology, thanks to the use of lithium metal at the anode1. Recent advancements in ceramic electrolytes demonstrate comparable conductivity with liquid ones2. However, the brittleness of ceramics results in mechanical limitations, during both assembly and cycling3, constraining the scale-up of pure-ceramic batteries. Hybrid solid electrolytes (HSE) can overcome this hurdle by combining the superior ionic conductivity of inorganic fillers with the scalable process of polymer electrolytes in a unique material. Depending on the amount of ceramic electrolyte, two types of HSE can be prepared: a ceramic-in-polymer approach, in which the inorganic filler disturbs the polymer crystallinity; and a polymer-in-ceramic system where the organic electrolyte mainly acts as a binder. Many parameters such as polymer molar mass, type and concentration of Li salt, chemistry and size of ceramic particles and the mixing route, make the HSE formulation an intricate process. As a result, there is a large disparity in the reported formulations and performances of HSE4. In particular, most approaches focus on a slurry-assisted preparation, which becomes a limiting factor when using sulfide-based electrolytes, as these ceramics degrade in common solvents used for binder processing5. To circumvent these issues, we propose a novel, solvent-free HSE preparation, combining an organic matrix based on poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PEO:LiTFSI), with the highly conductive argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl. The optimization of the HSE formulation is driven by key metrics, defined as sufficient ionic conductivity (σion ≥ 10-4 S.cm-1 @25°C) and adequate mechanical characteristics (self-standing property and ability to process as thin membrane <100 µm). Through rational screening, we elucidate the impact of formulation parameters and find the organic-to-inorganic ratio, the polymer molar mass and the ratio of mixed polymer lengths to be factors of paramount importance. Our methodology leads to an optimized formulation of the HSE with high ceramic content (75 wt.%) that meets the fixed criteria. Furthermore, we introduce an activation mechanism fitting (Arrhenius or Vulger-Tammann-Fulcher) as a new and effective metric to unravel the ionic pathway within the HSE. A shift in both ionic conductivity, mechanical cohesion and type of activation mechanism is observed at a unique threshold of 75 wt.% ceramic content. We show that our optimized polymer-in-ceramic HSE provides enhanced conduction through the ceramic network (10-4 S.cm-1 @25°C), displaying an Arrhenius activation, compared to ceramic-in-polymer HSEs, which behave as conventional PEO:LiTFSI following a VTF model. This gain in conductivity coincides with a higher mechanical resistance, as confirmed by tensile test on HSE membranes. Probing the compatibility of the organic and inorganic phases, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) alongside solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), reveals the formation of an interphase, the quantity and resistivity of which grow with time and temperature. Finally, electrochemical performances are evaluated by assembling an HSE-based battery, which displays comparable stability as pure-ceramic ones (> 100 cycles before reaching 20% capacity loss at C/5) but still suffers from higher polarization and thus lower capacity (130 vs 150 mAh.g-1 at C/20). Janek, J. et al., Nat Energy 1, 16141 (2016). Abakumov, A. et al., Nat Commun 11, 4976 (2020). Doux, J.-M. et al., J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 5049–5055 (2020). Horowitz, Y. et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 160514 (2020). Ruhl, J. et al., Adv. Ener. Sust. Res. 2, 2000077 (2021).
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Guo, Ping Yi, Ning Wang und Peng Fan. „Effect of the Electrolytic Solution Composition on Properties of Ceramic Coatings on Ti Produced by PEO“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (Mai 2012): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.596.
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Ceramic oxide coatings were produced on pure titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation in different electrolytes. The variation of coating thickness with applied voltages revealed coating almost kept a steady-state growth rate in electrolyte A and B, but not for electrolyte C. Numerous nodules occurred on the surface of the coatings at 200V in electrolyte A and B, and then nodules disappeared with the applied voltage increasing to 300V. There was no nodules occurred, and pore size was evidently different in electrolyte C. When the applied voltage was 300V, the coating formed in electrolyte C exhibited the highest corrosion potential and lowest corrosion current density in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution.
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Zaman, Wahid, Nicholas Hortance, Marm B. Dixit, Vincent De Andrade und Kelsey B. Hatzell. „Visualizing percolation and ion transport in hybrid solid electrolytes for Li–metal batteries“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, Nr. 41 (2019): 23914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05118j.
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Kirkgeçit, Rabia, und Handan Torun. „Synthesis and characterization of CeLaMO2 (M: Sm, Gd, Dy) compounds for solid ceramic electrolytes“. Processing and Application of Ceramics 14, Nr. 4 (2020): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2004314k.
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In this study, pure CeO2 and Ce0.85La0.10M0.05O2 (M: Sm3+, Gd3+, Dy3+) solid electrolytes were synthesized using the sol-gel method and sintered at 1350?C for 12 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for crystal structure characterization of the ceramic solid electrolytes. After sintering, all prepared solid electrolytes were indexed to be cubic crystal lattices. The thermal properties of the prepared samples were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods. The surface properties of the grain structure of the ceramic solid electrolytes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirming the average grain size of about 1 ?m. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to investigate AC electrical properties of prepared solid electrolytes. The conductivity values at 750?C of the Ce0.85La0.10Sm0.05O2, Ce0.85La0.10Gd0.05O2 and Ce0.85La0.10Dy0.05O2 and pure CeO2 were found to be 1.10 ? 10?3 S/cm, 3.05 ? 10?4 S/cm, 8.85 ? 10?4 S/cm and 8.44 ? 10?10 S/cm, respectively. The characterization results showed that the La-Sm co-doped CeO2 sample can be used as a ceramic electrolyte in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC).
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Kirkgeçit, Rabia, und Handan Torun. „Synthesis and characterization of CeLaMO2 (M: Sm, Gd, Dy) compounds for solid ceramic electrolytes“. Processing and Application of Ceramics 14, Nr. 4 (2020): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2004314k.
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In this study, pure CeO2 and Ce0.85La0.10M0.05O2 (M: Sm3+, Gd3+, Dy3+) solid electrolytes were synthesized using the sol-gel method and sintered at 1350?C for 12 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for crystal structure characterization of the ceramic solid electrolytes. After sintering, all prepared solid electrolytes were indexed to be cubic crystal lattices. The thermal properties of the prepared samples were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods. The surface properties of the grain structure of the ceramic solid electrolytes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirming the average grain size of about 1 ?m. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to investigate AC electrical properties of prepared solid electrolytes. The conductivity values at 750?C of the Ce0.85La0.10Sm0.05O2, Ce0.85La0.10Gd0.05O2 and Ce0.85La0.10Dy0.05O2 and pure CeO2 were found to be 1.10 ? 10?3 S/cm, 3.05 ? 10?4 S/cm, 8.85 ? 10?4 S/cm and 8.44 ? 10?10 S/cm, respectively. The characterization results showed that the La-Sm co-doped CeO2 sample can be used as a ceramic electrolyte in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC).
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Lee, Young Joo, Dokyung KIM, Yoonju Shin, Hyun Woo Kim, Ji-Hoon Han, Sangdoo Ahn und Young Whan Cho. „Conduction Mechanism Study of Argyrodite-Type and Polymer-Ceramic Composite Electrolyte By Solid-State and PFG NMR Spectroscopy“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, Nr. 4 (22.11.2024): 416. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-024416mtgabs.
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Solid-state electrolytes including inorganic ceramics, polymer, and composite polymer electrolytes have been intensively investigated as a key component for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to their low risk of fire and high energy density. Several criteria are required such as high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, compatibility and ductility with electrodes, and processability. Our focus relies on understanding the effect of the structural changes on the ion transport properties of various solid electrolytes by utilizing solid-state NMR and PFG NMR spectroscopy. Among various inorganic electrolytes, argyrodite-type sulfide electrolyte exhibits advantages owing to the relatively high ionic conductivity and flexibility. Thus, many attempts have been made to increase the ionic conductivity such as cation and anion doping. In particular, we investigate the effect of the anion substitution on the ion transport. By tuning the type and the size of the anion, the ionic conductivity can be enhanced. There have been controversies about the ion transport mechanism, i.e., rotation of anion influencing ion transport (paddle wheel effect), altered electronic interaction between anion and Li+, and increased defects, etc. On the one hand, polymer electrolyte has the advantages of high processability and the possibility to make good interfaces with electrodes, but, the ionic conduction is still limited by the segmental motion of the polymer. By incorporating ceramic particles into the polymer, both conductivity and mechanical strength can be improved. The conduction path can be only through a polymer network or by exchanging between the polymer network and particles. To increase the Li-ion conduction of polymer composite electrolytes, understanding the Li+ ion conduction pathway is important. In this work, we will present 1D and 2D solid-state NMR and PFG NMR spectroscopic studies to investigate the transport mechanism of anion-substituted argyrodite-type electrolyte and polymer composite electrolyte. We prepared various anion-substituted argyrodite-type electrolytes and compared spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) at various temperatures, revealing information about Li-ion conduction and anion rotation. By 2D 7Li-7Li NMR experiments, the conduction path involving both polymer matrix and solid ceramic particles and exchange between these two phases will be investigated. In contrast to the solid-state NMR which is sensitive to the localized motion, PFG NMR results show long-range transport motion of Li cations of various electrolytes. Our work will demonstrate that structural and dynamic knowledge about the materials obtained by various NMR techniques can help develop new materials for all solid-state batteries.
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Huang, Hong, Jeremy Lee und Michael Rottmayer. „Thermal, Mechanical, and Electrical Characteristics of the Lithiated PEO/LAGP Composite Electrolytes“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 2 (07.07.2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012311mtgabs.
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Lithium-ion batteries utilizing solid-state electrolytes have potential to alleviate safety issues, prolong discharge/charge cycle life, reduce packaging volume, and enable flexible design. Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes are more attractive and recognized because the combination can remedy and/or transcend individual constituent’ properties. We have fabricated a series of free-standing composite electrolyte membranes consisting of Li1.4Al0.4Ge1.6(PO4)3 (LAGP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and two different lithium-salts, i.e. LiBF4 and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). It is determined that the type of lithium salt can prevail the ceramic LAGP loadings on altering the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the composite electrolytes. In this paper, we will present the results and discuss the differences in the aspects of melting transition, mechanical reinforcement, and ionic conduction resulting from the two different lithium salts together with the content of LAGP ceramic fillers in the lithiated PEO/LAGP composite electrolytes. The changes in these three aspects can be ascribed to the different interactions between the polymer matrix and lithium salt in the composite setting.
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Gomes, Luisa Larissa Arnaldo, Sanjeev Mukerjee, Derrick Maxwell und Kevin Yang. „Development of PCL-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Li-Sulfur Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 4 (28.08.2023): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-014866mtgabs.
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Li-Sulfur batteries offer the next generation of energy storage beyond the current state of the art based on Li-intercalation with their high energy density (2640 Wh/kg) and S relative abundance on the earth's crust. Nevertheless, most Li-Sulfur battery systems use liquid electrolytes, which results in the formation of Li-metal dendrites and polysulfide redox shuttles resulting in the instability of the solid electrolyte interface layer, short-circuiting, poor cyclability, and self-discharge1. Our presentation will focus on efforts to create a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for Li-S batteries. GPE combines the high ionic conductivity of a liquid electrolyte with the polymer electrolytes' ability to block the redox shuttle and limit the Li-metal dendritic growth2. Furthermore, PCL provides for high electrochemical stability window (~5V vs. Li/Li+)3 and biodegradability that could ease the negative environmental impact associated with the battery industry. Moreover, effect of ceramic additives like LiNO3 and Li7La3Zr2O12 for enhancing ionic conductivity, mechanical stability and minimize the redox shuttle effect is also examined. We anticipate that the gel can be engineered to provide the high conductivity of a liquid electrolyte and the solid-state properties needed to block the polysulfide redox shuttle and limit dendrite growth. By determining the optimal ratio of polymer, additives, and solvent in the PCL gel formulation, we hope to benefit from hybridized ceramic/polymer electrolytes: nanocomposites engineered to optimize the advantages of polymers and ceramics while minimizing their weaknesses. References Pervez, Syed Atif, et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry A32 (2020): 16451-16462. Cui, Yingyue, et al. Chemistry–An Asian Journal(2022): e202200746. Fonseca, C. Polo, et al. " J. Electrochem. Sci2.2007 (2007): 52.
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Wu, Nianqiang, und Hui Yang. „(Invited) Engineering Interfaces in Solid-State Polymer-Ceramic Composite Electrolytes of Li-Ion Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, Nr. 38 (07.07.2022): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01381657mtgabs.
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This talk presents our effort to engineer interfaces in solid-state polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries. A Grafting agent has been utilized to strengthen the polymer-ceramic interface. Also, a Li-ion conducting buffer layer has been employed to enhance interaction between the ceramic nanofibers and the polymer matrix. In addition, dopants and oxygen vacancies in ceramics can enhance interfacial interaction.
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Boyano, Iker, Aroa R. Mainar, J. Alberto Blázquez, Andriy Kvasha, Miguel Bengoechea, Iratxe de Meatza, Susana García-Martín, Alejandro Varez, Jesus Sanz und Flaviano García-Alvarado. „Reduction of Grain Boundary Resistance of La0.5Li0.5TiO3 by the Addition of Organic Polymers“. Nanomaterials 11, Nr. 1 (29.12.2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010061.
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The organic solvents that are widely used as electrolytes in lithium ion batteries present safety challenges due to their volatile and flammable nature. The replacement of liquid organic electrolytes by non-volatile and intrinsically safe ceramic solid electrolytes is an effective approach to address the safety issue. However, the high total resistance (bulk and grain boundary) of such compounds, especially at low temperatures, makes those solid electrolyte systems unpractical for many applications where high power and low temperature performance are required. The addition of small quantities of a polymer is an efficient and low cost approach to reduce the grain boundary resistance of inorganic solid electrolytes. Therefore, in this work, we study the ionic conductivity of different composites based on non-sintered lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (La0.5Li0.5TiO3) as inorganic ceramic material and organic polymers with different characteristics, added in low percentage (<15 wt.%). The proposed cheap composite solid electrolytes double the ionic conductivity of the less cost-effective sintered La0.5Li0.5TiO3.
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Bai, Peng. „(Invited) Critical Electrochemical Limits before Dendrite Penetration in Li-Ion-Conducting Electrolytes“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 6 (28.08.2023): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-016968mtgabs.
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Rechargeable metal anodes hold the promise to nearly double the energy density of available metal-ion batteries by removing the ion-intercalation anodes. However, metal dendrites that may form during recharging can even penetrate hard and stiff ceramic electrolytes, causing irreversible damage or short-circuit risks. While lithium dendrites formed in liquid electrolytes are distinctively different from those formed in ceramic electrolytes, the ion polarization process before the onset of dendrite formation show similarities. However, due to the limited number of samples, inconsistent sample properties, and inaccurate interfacial current densities, rigorous analyses of the critical electrochemical limits in ceramic electrolytes have been difficult. In this presentation, we will first introduce a rigorous analysis of the system-specific limiting current, Sand’s capacity, and their dependence on the electrolyte thickness, to reveal the role of transport limitation in lithium dendrite formation in liquid electrolytes, via the combined operando microscopy and mathematical models. By performing two types of one-way polarization experiments with hundreds of highly consistent Li|LLZTO|Li miniature cells (LLZTO: Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12), we discover for the first time the development and relaxation of a significant transient impedance at the critical current density (CCD) that cannot be attributed to interfacial void formation but to the polarization of mobile ions, which were confirmed by electrochemical impedance diagnosis and scanning electron microscopy focused ion beam (SEM-FIB) characterizations. The similar electrochemical limits identified in this study suggest that the empirical CCD in ceramic electrolytes may be interpreted as a transport-limited electrochemical phenomenon, despite that void formations would apparently exacerbate the dynamics.
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Carda, Michal, Nela Adamová, Daniel Budáč, Martin Paidar und Karel Bouzek. „Preparation Protocol and Properties of YSZ Ceramic Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Cells“. ECS Transactions 105, Nr. 1 (30.11.2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10501.0097ecst.
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Electrolytes utilized in solid oxide cells (SOCs) are based on oxide ion-conductive ceramic materials. The conductivity occurs via oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice, which are created by the introduction of dopant into the material. Fast and simple preparation of electrolytes using variable dopant content is of great importance for SOCs development. ZrO2 doped by Y2O3 (YSZ) is still considered to be a state-of-the-art material due to its conductivity and thermomechanical compatibility with electrodes. Therefore, a detailed procedure to fabricate YSZ electrolytes with desired dopant content is of significant importance. Each prepared electrolyte was examined by means of spectroscopic methods in combination with electrochemical ones. The results obtained allows to understand connection between electrolyte composition and structural properties.
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Bertrand, Marc, Steeve Rousselot, David Aymé-Perrot und Mickaël Dollé. „Assembling an All-Solid-State Ceramic Battery: Assessment of Chemical and Thermal Compatibility of Solid Ceramic Electrolytes and Active Material Using High Temperature X-Ray Diffraction“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, Nr. 7 (09.10.2022): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272421mtgabs.
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Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the most known and used batteries for portable energy storage because of their high energy densities, long cycle life and relatively low price. However, they still fall short for the development of long range electric vehicles and stationary applications due to organic liquid electrolytes that are currently electrochemically limited and present safety issues (fire or explosion in case of short-cut or overcharging). Solid oxide electrolytes appear to be one of the solutions because of their non-flammability and wide potential window. Inorganic oxide electrolytes have reasonable ionic conductivities (10-5-10-3 S/cm at ambient temperature), high mechanical strength, and high chemical stability. Assembling an all ceramic solid-state battery with inorganic oxide electrolyte is challenging as it requires a deep knowledge of the thermal, chemical and electrochemical behavior of each component of the cell. The battery must be a continuous monolithic block with a thin dense electrolyte separator, in order to minimize the polarization. In addition, optimized interfaces between active material and electrolytes must be ensured in the composite electrodes. This is often achieved with oxide-based materials by using high temperature processing. Thermal expansion occurring during this step can lead to cracks, which will affect the performance and cyclability of the device. The primary driving force of a crack during the fabrication of hybrid ceramic is the stress due to mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (TEC) of the various layers/materials. Moreover, it must be certain that no reaction occurs between active material and electrolytes in the sintering temperature range. These are then two key parameters to address for the development of all ceramic solid-state batteries. In this work, in situ-XRD has been used to determine the TEC and the thermal stability of various well-known oxide active materials and solid electrolytes. The aim of this presentation is to discuss about the best selection of compatible oxide-based materials to avoid unwanted cracks or reaction during the sintering processing of ceramic solid-state batteries.
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BROWN, IAN, MARK BOWDEN, TIM KEMMITT, JEREMY WU und JULES CARVALHO. „NANOSTRUCTURED ALUMINA CERAMIC MEMBRANES FOR GAS SEPARATION“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, Nr. 06n07 (20.03.2009): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209060397.
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Nanostructured alumina ceramic templates have been fabricated by anodizing annealed high-purity aluminium foil. Pore diameter, pore separation and thickness in these alumina ceramics can be controlled using a range of acid electrolytes and anodizing voltage profiles. Thermal development of the structure of these robust and optically clear templates have been compared using XRD, thermal analysis and 27 Al MAS NMR techniques, showing that species substituted in the alumina lattice from decomposition of the acid electrolyte play a major role in determining the chemical and physical stability of the ceramic template at elevated temperatures. Deposition of ultrathin palladium films on the surface of these alumina templates creates robust membranes that enable hydrogen separation from mixed gas streams at elevated temperatures. Gas permeability measurements through these membranes as a function of temperature have demonstrated their very high selectivity for hydrogen.
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Kumar, Binod, und Lawrence G. Scanlon. „Polymer-ceramic composite electrolytes“. Journal of Power Sources 52, Nr. 2 (Dezember 1994): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02147-3.
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Reddy Polu, Anji, und Ranveer Kumar. „Impedance Spectroscopy and FTIR Studies of PEG - Based Polymer Electrolytes“. E-Journal of Chemistry 8, Nr. 1 (2011): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/628790.
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Ionic conductivity of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) - ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) based polymer electrolytes can be enhanced by incorporating ceramic filler TiO2into PEG-NH4Cl matrix. The electrolyte samples were prepared by solution casting technique. FTIR studies indicates that the complex formation between the polymer, salt and ceramic filler. The ionic conductivity was measured using impedance spectroscopy technique. It was observed that the conductivity of the electrolyte varies with TiO2concentration and temperature. The highest room temperature conductivity of the electrolyte of 7.72×10−6S cm-1was obtained at 15% by weight of TiO2and that without TiO2filler was found to be 9.58×10−7S cm−1. The conductivity has been improved by 8 times when the TiO2filler was introduced into the PEG–NH4Cl electrolyte system. The conductance spectra shows two distinct regions: a dc plateau and a dispersive region. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the polymer electrolytes seems to obey the VTF relation. The conductivity values of the polymer electrolytes were reported and the results were discussed. The imaginary part of dielectric constant (εi) decreases with increase in frequency in the low frequency region whereas frequency independent behavior is observed in the high frequency region.
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Rakhadilov, B. K., D. R. Baizhan, Zh B. Sagdoldina und K. Torebek. „Research of regimes of applying coats by the method of plasma electrolytic oxidation on Ti-6Al-4V“. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 105, Nr. 1 (30.03.2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022ph1/99-106.
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In this work, ceramic coatings were formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a technique of plasma electrolytic oxidation. Plasma electrolytic oxidation was carried out in electrolytes with different chemical compositions and the effect of the electrolyte on the macro-and microstructure, pore size, phase composition and wear resistance of coatings was estimated. Three types of electrolytes based on sodium compounds were used, including phosphate, hydroxide, and silicate. The composition of the electrolyte affects the intensity and size of microcharges and the volume of gas release of various electrolytes. The plasma electrolytic oxidation processes were carried out at a fixed voltage (270 V) for 5 minutes. The results showed that the coating was mainly composed of rutile- and anatase TiO2 , but a homogeneous structure with lower porosity and a large number of crystalline anatase phases was obtained in the coating prepared in the silicate-based electrolyte. The diffractogram electrolytes did not reveal the peaks of the crystalline phases associated with the PO4 3— and SiO3 2— anions. This means that these anions included only oxygen in the coatings. The morphology and phase composition of the samples were studied using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Wear resistance was evaluated by the “ball-disc” method on the TRB3 tribometer. The wear resistance of various coatings formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloys showed completely different wear resistance. The lowest coefficient of friction (µ = 0.3) was demonstrated by the coating obtained based on phosphate. This may be due to a large number of crystal phases of rutile. The sample prepared in a hydroxide-based electrolyte showed a high wear coefficient (µ=0.52). This effect can be obtained by eliminating surface defects (microcracks and micropores).
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Liao, Cheng Hung, Chia-Chin Chen, Ru-Jong Jeng und Nae-Lih (Nick) Wu. „Application of Artificial Interphase on Ni-Rich Cathode Materials Via Hybrid Ceramic-Polymer Electrolyte in All Solid State Batteries“. ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, Nr. 6 (28.08.2023): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0161050mtgabs.
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Among many cathode materials, nickel-rich LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 (NCM 831205) has been spotlighted as one of the most feasible candidates for next-generation LIBs because of its high discharge capacity (~200 mAh/g). However, NCM 831205 shows significant performance degradation, which is mostly attributed to cation mixing, surface side reactions, and intrinsic structural instability originating from the large volume changes during repeated cycling. Conventional lithium ion batteries (LIB) normally use flammable nonaqueous liquid electrolytes, resulting in a serious safety issue in use. In this respect, all-solid-state batteries (ASSB) are regarded as a fundamental solution to address the safety issue by using a solid state electrolyte in place of the conventional liquid one. This work employed lithium sulfonate (SO3Li) tethered polymer, obtained from sulfonation of commercial polymer, to serve as the artificial protective coating on the active NCM831205 of the cathode for ASSB based on hybrid PEO-ceramic solid electrolyte. The coating layer should prevent direct contact of electrolyte with the cathode, thus avoid the negative effects such as microcracks of NCM831205 and undesired CEI formation. The preparation of hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolyte through a solvent-free process. The hybrid electrolytes exhibit good flexibility and processability with respect to pure ceramic and pure PEO polymer electrolyte. It is demonstrated that the hybrid electrolytes can penetrate into cathode under 60°C, providing a good Li+ transfer channel inside the battery. Moreover, the sulfone based polymer protective coating could effectively improve the electrochemical stability of the NCM831205 without sacrificing the battery performance. Keywords: NCM831205, Artificial Polymer Coating, All-Solid-State Batteries
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Kotobuki, Masashi. „Recent progress of ceramic electrolytes for post Li and Na batteries“. Functional Materials Letters 14, Nr. 03 (18.02.2021): 2130003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604721300036.
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Recently, post Li batteries have been intensively researched due to high cost and localization of Li sources, especially for large-scale applications. Concurrently, ceramic electrolytes for post Li batteries also gain much attention to develop all-solid-state post Li batteries. The most intensively researched post Li battery is Na battery because of chemical and electrochemical similarities between Li and Na elements. Many good review papers about Na battery have been published including Na-ion conductive ceramic electrolytes. Contrary, ceramic electrolytes for other post Li batteries like K, Mg, Ca, Zn and Al batteries are hardly summarized. In this review, research on ceramic electrolytes for K, Mg, Ca, Zn and Al batteries is analyzed based on latest papers published since 2019 and suggested future research direction of ceramic electrolytes for post-Li batteries.