Dissertationen: „Climate coping“

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von, Uexkull Nina. "Climate, Conflict and Coping Capacity : The Impact of Climate Variability on Organized Violence." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300183.

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Understanding the conflict potential of climate variability is critical for assessing and dealing with the societal implications of climate change. Yet, it remains poorly understood under what circumstances – and how – extreme weather events and variation in precipitation patterns affect organized violence. This dissertation suggests that the impacts of climate variability on organized violence are conditional on specific climate patterns, the sensitivity of livelihoods, and state governance. These theoretical conjectures are subjected to novel empirical tests in four individual essays. Three essays investigate the relationship between climate variability and communal and civil conflict through sub-national quantitative analysis focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa. The fourth essay sheds light on causal mechanisms leading to participation in land-related conflict based on interview material on 75 ex-participants in violence from Mt. Elgon, Kenya. Essay I suggests that the exposure of vulnerable agricultural livelihoods to sustained drought increases the risk of civil conflict violence. Essay II indicates that rainfall anomalies increase the risk of communal violence, an effect which is amplified by political marginalization. Essay III finds support for the proposition that volatility in resource supply increases the risk of communal conflict over land and water in remote regions, which tend to have limited state presence. Essay IV proposes that individuals depending on agriculture are prone to participate in land-related conflict as they face impediments to leaving a conflict zone, and additionally have high incentives to partake in fighting for land. Taken together, the dissertation furthers our understanding of the specific economic and political context under which climate variability impacts armed conflict. This knowledge is important for conflict-sensitive adaptation to climate change and conflict prevention efforts.

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de, Verdier Vincent, and Stella Tengsand. "Should we worry about the climate? An exploration of climate coping, experientialavoidance and climate friendly behaviour among adolescents." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-92701.

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Climate change is one of the biggest threats facing the world, connected to rising oceanlevels, droughts, and other natural disasters. The aim of this study was to explore if and howclimate worry, climate coping and experiential avoidance are connected to climate friendlybehaviour among Swedish adolescents in their third year of upper-secondary school (N=470).A questionnaire was used to measure the factors of interest, which were analysed withcorrelation and mediation analysis. Four main results were found. The first was that climatefriendly behaviour related to climate worry and climate coping in a similar way to howpro-environmental behaviour has done in previous studies. The second finding was thatproblem focused climate coping mediated the relationship between meaning focused climatecoping and climate friendly behaviour. The third result was that distancing was positivelyrelated to experiential avoidance and climate worry in contrast to de-emphasizing which wasonly related negatively to climate friendly behaviour. Lastly the results showed thatexperiential avoidance was related to distancing but not to any other variables. Our findingscontribute to a greater understanding of the field in that they support and extend previousfindings as well as highlight new angles for future research.

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Berman, Rachel Josephine. "Developing climate change coping capacity into adaptive capacity in Uganda." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7104/.

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Communities across sub-Saharan Africa have been coping with the effects of climate variability for generations. Further, future projections show these areas will be affected by increased climate variability and changes in mean climate. Understanding how current coping strategies used by households in these communities will shape future adaptation choices remains limited. The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine household coping capacity and coping strategies to cope with climate variability and reflect on what this means for future adaptation to longer term climatic change in Uganda. Uganda is an appropriate country in which to examine these issues due to both the occurrence of climatic extremes such as floods and droughts, as well as the high dependence of the population on the natural resource base which is readily affected by these events. This research adopts an institutional perspective to explore issues of vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity: examining household level coping and adaptive capacities through to wider institutional analysis at the community, district and national level to provide evidence of the role institutions play in mediating the development of coping to adaptive capacities. Quantitative methods including social network analysis are combined with traditional qualitative methods in a mixed-methods approach to provide empirical evidence and new perspectives in adaptation research. Results show household coping strategy depends on the customary and market-orientated nature of the village, and on the climatic hazard experienced: households without market access vary coping strategy by hazard whilst households with increased market access rely on economic activities regardless of hazard. Social network analysis identifies that support networks vary under different climatic hazards, and that these support networks do not show as many characteristics of bonding ties as previous literature suggests. The results also show that there are core households within each community that are central to the coping strategies of others. These core households typically hold formal positions in village institutions, mediating access to both formal and informal support structures. Yet, many households still remain excluded from both formal and informal support, and they remain vulnerable to climate variability and change. This thesis takes a polycentric perspective to explore the institutional enablers and constraints to coping and adaptation that exist across scales. Formal institutions play an important role in livelihood-specific coping strategies, whilst informal institutions underpin more general coping strategies. Positive and negative interplays between different institutions shape the opportunities for planned and autonomous adaptations. Institutional gulfs are present whereby institutions operate in relative isolation of others, or results in fragmented or sporadic adaptations. Policy makers must develop policies that support communities to cope with climatic variability whilst targeting future adaptation demands. The evidence presented in this thesis suggests complex institutional structures exist in relation to household coping capacities, and reflecting on these institutional dynamics is necessary to consider the possible implications longer-term future adaptive capacity. Given uncertainty over future livelihood choices under a varied climate, institutions that shape non-livelihood specific coping strategies will become increasingly important to maintain livelihood and coping flexibility, and this must recognise the role of both autonomous and planned adaptation. Although specific to the evidence provided from Uganda, these results have lessons for wider coping and adaptation policy and planning across sub-Saharan Africa.

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Rothe, Lena. "Ecovillages as Destinations : Potential of Educational Tourism for Coping with Climate-Anxiety." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446495.

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Climate-anxiety is a growing mental health issue among the public and particularly among students in sustainability-related studies in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). As education on climate change in HEI overly relies on cognitive learning, students are not able to address their emotions and potential worries about climate change adequately. The research field of climate-anxiety has emerged after 2007 and relates to other mental health responses to environmental destruction such as eco-anxiety. This study examines whether climate-anxiety affects students within HEI and what coping strategies are used by them. The aim is to suggest approaches for HEI and educational tourism providers to better address climate-anxiety. Specifically, it investigates whether non-formal actors like ecovillages can help students to cope with climate-anxiety. Ecovillages are increasingly recognising their role in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and helping students with climate-anxiety could balance the shortcomings of HEI. Five case studies of ecovillages were included to determine the potential of educational tourism in reducing climate-anxiety. Even though the study found that short-term study visits were not helpful for students climate-anxiety, it can be assumed that students could gain hands-on coping techniques from more extended stays at ecovillages. Particularly the ecovillages learning environment and pedagogy are beneficial for coping with climate-anxiety. It is suggested that HEI should initiate cooperations with local ecovillages to improve climate-anxiety among students, as it was found that lecturers and Student Mental Health Services (SMHS) in HEI in Sweden do not sufficiently address climate-anxiety.

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Nti, Frank Kyekyeku. "Climate change vulnerability and coping mechanisms among farming communities in Northern Ghana." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15116.

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Master of Science Department of Agricultural Economics Andrew Barkley This study examines the effect of extreme climatic conditions (drought, flood, and bushfires) on the livelihood of households in the Bawku West district of Ghana. The research identified the mechanisms with which households cope in such situations, and analyzed factors influencing the adoption of coping strategies for flood, coping strategies for drought, and coping strategies for bushfires. Data for the study were collected in selected villages across the district in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 extreme climatic events (a prolonged drought period followed by an erratic rainfall). A binary logit regression (BLR) model was then specified to estimate factors that influence the adoption of a given coping mechanisms. Results from the BLR model indicate that literacy level, membership with an FBO, household income, and location of households had positive and significant impacts on adaptation to drought. Similarly, source of seeds for planting, membership with an FBO, household income, and farm size had positive significant influence on adaptation to flood. Adaption to bushfire was positively influenced by radio ownership, seed source and income. The main effect of these climatic extreme events on households included destruction of crops, livestock and buildings; food and water shortage; poor yield or harvest and limited fields for livestock grazing. Therefore, government policies should be geared towards creating revenue generating channels and in strengthening institutions that provide access to farm credit, readily available improve seeds and extension. Additionally, policies that expedite information dissemination through radio and other public media will enhance households’ adaptive capacity.

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Green, Michael. "Coping with climate change uncertainty for adaptation planning for local water management." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8649.

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Environmental management is plagued with uncertainty, despite this, little attention has until recently been given to the sensitivity of management decisions to uncertain environmental projections. Assuming that the future climate is stationary is no longer considered valid, nor is using a single or small number of potentially incorrect projections to inform decisions. Instead, it is recommended that decision makers make use of increasingly available probabilistic projections of future climate change, such as those from perturbed physics ensembles like United Kingdom Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09), to gauge the severity and extent of future impacts and ultimately prepare more robust solutions. Two case studies focussing on contrasting aspects of local water management; namely irrigation demand and urban drainage management, were used to evaluate current approaches and develop recommendations and improved methods of using probabilistic projections to support decision making for climate change adaptation. A quantitative understanding of the impact of uncertainty to decision making for climate change adaptation was obtained from a literature review; followed by a comparison of using (1) the low medium and high emission scenarios, (2) 10,000 sample ensemble and 11 Spatially Coherent Projections (11SCP), (3) deterministic and probabilistic climate change projections, (4) the complete probabilistic dataset and sub-samples of it using different sampling techniques, (5) the change factor (or delta change) and stochastic (or UKCP09 weather generator) downscaling techniques and (6) different decision criteria using two contrasting case studies at three UK sites. This research provides an insight into the impact of different sources of uncertainty to real-world adaptation and explores whether having access to more data and a greater appreciation of uncertainty alters the way we make decisions. The impact of the “envelope of uncertainty” to decision making is explored in order to identify those factors and decisions that have the greatest impact on what we perceive to be the “best” solution. An improved novel decision criterion for use with probabilistic projections for adaptation planning is presented and tested using simplified real-world case studies to establish whether it provides a more attractive tool for decision makers compared to the current decision criteria which have been advocated for adaptation planning. This criterion explicitly incorporates the unique risk appetite of the individual into the decision making process, acknowledging that this source of uncertainty and not necessarily the climate change projections, had the greatest impact on the decisions considered by this research. This research found the differences between emission scenarios, projection datasets, sub-sampling approaches and downscaling techniques, each contributing a different source of uncertainty, tended to be small except where the decision maker already exhibited an extremely risk seeking or risk adverse appetite. This research raises a number of interesting questions about the “decision significance” of uncertainty through the systematic analysis of several different sources of uncertainty on two contrasting local water management case studies. Through this research, decision makers are encouraged to take a more active role in the climate change adaptation debate, undertaking their own analysis with the support of the scientific community in order to highlight those uncertainties that have significant implications for real world decisions and thereby help direct future efforts to characterise and reduce them. The findings of this research are of interest to planners, engineers, stakeholders and adaptation planning generally.

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Berglund, Åsa. "Coping with climate change : Social ecological resilience to climate change for smallholding farms in Portland, Jamaica. Analysing the implementation of the pineapple variety MD2." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-77250.

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In Portland Jamaica, smallholding farmers are facing major challenges in terms of economic uncertainty and climate change. This study is analyzing a project which aims at increasing farmers ability to adapt to climate change. The objective of the project is to introduce the pineapple variety MD2 for smallholder farmers in Portland Jamaica. The main objective of this study is to investigate which aspects of the project that could increase or decrease buffering capability in the context of social-ecological resilience. The study is conducted during a minor field study during eight weeks in Portland, Jamaica. Data was collected through observation on farms together with semi-structured interviews with farmers and initiators of the project. The results have been analyzed through the theory of social-ecological resilience (Danhofer et al, 2011). Even though there are many aspects which could influence buffering capability, the study outlines some aspects of the implementation of the pineapple variety MD2 that could increase or decrease farmers buffering capability. Aspects which could increase buffering capability are; generating an alternative income and providing and introducing beneficial farming practices which could limit soil erosion on hillside land. Aspects which are threatening to decrease farmers buffering capability are; lack of knowledge and previous experience of the crop variety, usage of chemical means of control and lack of inputs of organic material.

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Shoko, Witness Alvis. "Smallholder farmer's climate change knowledge in Ngqushwa Local Municipality, Eastern Cape : implications on coping and adaptation." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6480.

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Lack of knowledge about climate change poses a greater risk to human development in general. This study emerges from the premise that agriculture, and more specifically smallholder farmers, are the most affected by climate variability due to the type of assets they hold. Among other factors, climate change can directly and adversely impact the ability of smallholder farmers to sustain their livelihoods. Taking into consideration spatial differences across Ngqushwa Local Municipality, smallholder farmers in different areas have to understand the constraints they face that emanate from climate change. The study aimed to explore the knowledge that smallholder farmers in Ngqushwa local municipality have on climate change, strategies they utilise to cope and minimise the detrimental effects of climate change. The study also focused on climate change information sources namely, meteorological and Indigenous Knowledge (IK) that smallholder farmers have at their disposal for coping and adaptation to climate change. Furthermore, the study analyses comprehensiveness and usefulness of information that the resource-poor farmers possess. The findings of this study show that smallholder farmers in Ngqushwa local municipality access climate change information through televisions, newspapers and listening to the radio. Their knowledge of the behaviour of birds, moon, wind, and insects is also an important source of forecasting weather patterns. Recommendations from this study include the following: enhancing and widening the sources of climate change information, education encompassing the nature of climate change, networking of smallholder farmers, linking meteorological and indigenous knowledge and supplementing natural water supply.

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Santos, Mateus Costa. "Towards understanding the impact of climate change on livelihoods, local knowledge and agriculture-based climate change coping practices of small-scale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4796.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) Climate Change (CC) is arguably the most pressing topic of our modern society. The acceleration in magnitude and frequency of climate variability associated with it, along with the overall change of climate patterns threatens to push their adaptive capacity to breaking point, hinting at the significant impact that CC will have on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers of the developing world, and on South Africa in particular. This research project aims to investigate how local knowledge and agriculture-based coping practices of small-scale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community are adapted to deal with and attempt to reduce the vulnerability of their livelihood strategies to CC. This illustrative study followed a qualitative methodology, using qualitative data collection (in-depth and semistructured interviews, as well as special focus group discussions) and analysis (thematic ordering) methods to fulfil its aim. This study revealed that local farmers were able to identify changes in climate which were hazardous to their livelihoods and that they have been developing coping practices in response the CC. Furthermore, this analysis showed that local small-scale farmers used their local body of knowledge as a basis for the development of these coping practices, and that this local knowledge base itself has been affected by CC. An important finding of this study was the extent to which local social, historic, economic, political and physical conditions influence the sensitivity and adaptive capacity of the smallscale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community. The findings of this study opened our eyes to the realities of CC and its impacts on and adaptation efforts of small-scale farmers of the Ebenhaeser community. The study show ed that unless these issues are addressed in a comprehensive and holistic manner, there is no real prospect of sustainable, long-term CC adaption solutions for the small-scale farmers of this area, and conceivably none for many more rural communities in South Africa.

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Wagner, Sven, Susanna Nocentini, Franka Huth, and Marjanke Hoogstra-Klein. "Forest Management Approaches for Coping with the Uncertainty of Climate Change: Trade-Offs in Service Provisioning and Adaptability." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147145.

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The issue of rapid change in environmental conditions under which ecosystem processes and human interventions will take place in the future is relatively new to forestry, whereas the provision of ecosystem services, e.g., timber or fresh water, is at the very heart of the original concept of forest management. Forest managers have developed ambitious deterministic approaches to provide the services demanded, and thus the use of deterministic approaches for adapting to climate change seem to be a logical continuation. However, as uncertainty about the intensity of climate change is high, forest managers need to answer this uncertainty conceptually. One may envision an indeterministic approach to cope with this uncertainty; but how the services will be provided in such a concept remains unclear. This article aims to explore the fundamental aspects of both deterministic and indeterministic approaches used in forestry to cope with climate change, and thereby point out trade-offs in service provisioning and adaptability. A forest owner needs to be able to anticipate these trade-offs in order to make decisions towards sustainable forest management under climate change.

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Martin, Angela Jayne, and n/a. "Employee Adjustment During Organisational Change: The Role of Climate, Organisational Level and Occupation." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology (Health), 2002. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031003.090413.

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The present studies were designed to advance theoretical understanding of employee adjustment during organisational change. There were two broad aims of the thesis. Firstly, the role of organisational climate factors in facilitating employee adjustment during change was examined by testing models based on Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) cognitive-phenomenological account of stress and coping processes. In particular, the concept of coping resources was expanded to examine organisational factors rather than individual attributes. Secondly, the extent to which organisational sub-groups differ in their perceptions of climate and levels of adjustment indicators during change was investigated. The research also aimed to inform diagnostic processes within organisational change management by examining the applied value of the empirical findings of each of the studies. The first two studies were empirical tests of a theoretical model of employee adjustment. Study 1 tested a model of employee adjustment to organisational change that examined employee well-being and job satisfaction as outcomes of positive adjustment during change. Firstly, pilot interviews with 67 hospital employees enabled salient aspects of the organisational climate that may facilitate adjustment during organisational change to be confirmed. Next, 779 employees in the same organisation completed a structured questionnaire that examined their perceptions of organisational coping resources, appraisals of change and adjustment indicators. Confirmatory factor analyses established the sound measurement properties of the proposed model and structural equation analyses provided evidence that supported the majority of theoretical predictions. Overall, the final model showed that employees who had positive perceptions about employee relations within the hospital, strong beliefs about the quality of patient care, and felt supported by their supervisors were more positive in their appraisals of the change and reported better personal adjustment. The effects of climate variables on adjustment were direct and indirect (mediated by change appraisals). A particularly influential variable in the model was the effectiveness of employee relations within the organisation. Study 2 tested a model of employee adjustment to organisational change which examined organisational commitment, turnover intentions and absenteeism as outcomes of positive adjustment during change. Firstly, as in Study 1, pilot interviews with 20 state public sector employees enabled salient elements of the organisational climate that may function as resources for coping with organisational change to be confirmed. Next, 877 employees in the same organisation completed a structured questionnaire that examined their perceptions of organisational coping resources, appraisals of change and adjustment indicators. Like Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses established the sound measurement properties of the proposed model and structural equation analyses provided evidence which supported most of the theoretical predictions. Overall, the final model showed that employees who had positive perceptions about customer service, believed that their leaders communicated a vision for the organisation, and felt supported by their supervisors were more positive in their appraisals of the change and reported better personal adjustment. The effects of climate variables on adjustment were direct and indirect (mediated by change appraisals). The extent to which leaders exhibited a vision for the organisation emerged as an important predictor in the model. Together, the results of studies 1 and 2 provided evidence that organisational climate variables are important predictors of the way employees appraise and respond to organisation change. The next two studies presented were focused on group differences in the model variables from studies 1 and 2. Study 3 investigated group differences in perceptions of climate and levels of adjustment during organisational change as a function of an employee's organisational level. The pilot interviews revealed that an employee's organisational level was the most salient source of sub-group identification in the climate of a public sector department. Survey data from study 2 were analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The responses of 669 public sector employees were grouped into 3 categories: lower, middle and upper level employees. Results revealed that upper level staff reported higher levels of adjustment during change, across a range of indicators. Study 4 investigated occupational group and organisational level differences in perceptions of climate and levels of adjustment during organisational change. The pilot interviews in this organisation revealed that it was an employee's occupational group membership that provided the most salient group delineator in the hospital climate. Survey data from Study 1 were analysed using MANOVA. The responses of 732 hospital employees were grouped into 4 major occupational categories: medical, nursing, allied health and non-clinical staff. Participants were also grouped on the basis of whether they occupied a management or non-management position. Results revealed statistically significant differences between groups and an interaction between occupation and level. Non-clinical staff were less well adjusted during change than other occupational groups. Managers appraised change as more stressful than non-managers, but felt more in control of the situation. Together, the results of Studies 3 and 4 highlighted the importance of examining employee perceptions at the sub-group level when implementing change and indicated the need for interventions to be targeted at the sub-group level. Overall, the research reported in this dissertation extended a theoretical model of employee adjustment to change and improved the application of the model. This outcome was achieved by investigating the role of environmental coping resources drawn from the organisational climate in improving employee adjustment during change and the degree to which groups differed in their perceptions of these variables. Climate and change appraisal factors were linked with a range of important individual/organisational outcomes such as employee well-being, job satisfaction, organisational commitment, turnover intentions and absenteeism. Differences in perceptions of climate and levels of adjustment during change were also observed at the organisational sub-group level. The findings of the research have implications for the effective management of organisational change. Change should be implemented in conjunction with ongoing organisational development processes involving diagnostic research that identifies the elements of climate that employees draw upon for support in the process of adjustment. Interventions should be based on improving and strengthening these resources. Diagnostic processes should also pay attention to the salient groupings of staff within an organisation so that interventions can be targeted specifically to relevant sub-groups.

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Zubkevich, Uladzislau. "Emotional reactions to climate change and associated coping strategies: a grounded theory study on graduate students of sustainability-related programmes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Uppsala centrum för hållbar utveckling, CSD Uppsala, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417792.

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Climate change is happening. Yet this phenomenon does not only concern the environment, but also has various notable and important psychological implications for individuals in particular and society in general. Understanding such psychological impacts is crucial for an effective process of mitigation of climate change consequences, however there is limited research about vicarious emotional responses to the threat of climate change. On the other hand, engaging with sustainable development and climate change education is sensibly being widely accepted and embraced as a crucial step towards solving anthropo-generated environmental issues and learning to live within planetary boundaries. Hence, I focused on investigating the most common emotional reactions to climate change and relevant preferred coping strategies among graduate students of sustainability-related programmes to provide some more profound insights in emotional resilience and psychological well-being of the students. In order to do so, I provide an overview of relevant notions of emotion and coping as well as Smith and Lazarus’ structural model of appraisal. Then, I show how I used constructivist grounded theory. Through the process of meticulous coding and development of categories, I identified and constructed a visual representation of students’ emotional reactions to climate change and associated coping strategies. Throughout their education students experienced a variety of emotions, most prominent of which were worry, guilt, anger, frustration, powerlessness, confusion, and hope; yet typical solitary patterns of experiencing distinct emotions were absent and different students experienced different emotions. Moreover, students did not necessarily experience just one exclusive emotion, but a combination or alternation of several emotions. Students utilised a range of emotion-, problem-, and meaning-focused coping strategies, which are described in detail. The most effective coping strategies for students were further active engagement and contribution, decomposing climate change and addressing smaller challenges, turning negative emotions into one’s advantage (positive reappraisal/reframing) and acceptance as they provided relief of negative emotions and elicitation of positive ones. Furthermore, even though several negative emotions and avoidance strategies might have disadvantageous effects on the overall subjective well-being of the students as well as their motivation to be engaged in climate change mitigation, the same emotions can be beneficial in this regard too. This thesis is of special interests for teachers, educators, and researchers in the domain of sustainability education (education for sustainable development).

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Bryan, Kimberly Alicia. "Coping with drought and flooding : a framework for engendering household and community resilience to water management extremes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/31248.

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Achieving resilient outcomes in the water sector is an area of emerging policy and research focus in light of a combination of threats such as climate change, increasing demand, urbanisation, and population growth. Consequences of these threats require that in order to achieve these resilient outcomes, urban water management socio-technical systems require various interventions at different levels. This includes the water user level and highlights the need for greater understanding of households in implementing coping interventions to address extreme system failures of drought and flooding. A combination of methodological approaches, data collection and analytical methods have been used to develop detailed understanding of water service user perceptions and intentions towards drought and flood coping in order to engender action for resilient water management at the household and community levels. Practitioner interviews have provided insight into core issues of household and community level participatory approaches for addressing drought and flood resilience. These include cross-cutting themes relating to modes of communication and engagement, the influence of past experience, empowerment, and the influence of social networks. Results of a questionnaire survey within the framework of Protection Motivation Theory facilitated understanding of the linkages among threat, consequences, and coping intentions. The most significant indicators of behavioural intentions were the perceived effectiveness of coping response measures, consequences of drought or flooding, and costs. These variables were significant in defining sub-groups at three different decision-stages after Trans-theoretical Model. Households were at early decision stages with regards to flood coping, namely `Pre-contemplative' and `Contemplative'. Pre-contemplatives had low behavioural intentions and were driven by low efficacy and low consequences. Contemplatives had low-medium intentions, expected either that cost would be a limiting factor, measures ineffective, or consequences too low to warrant action. `Responsives', only found in relation to drought coping, had already implemented several coping measures. Despite low drought consequences, cost was not a limiting factor and measures were perceived to be effective, illustrating the potential for increased household drought coping or more sustainable water use practices. This study provides important baseline data on household perceptions and intentions to cope with droughts and floods not yet widely explored in the UK. The innovative use of cluster analysis to identify and explore decision-stages provides methodological contributions to the literature. Finally, the thesis has led to the development of an assessment and decision framework to promote action towards resilient water management at the household and community levels. This framework is the basis of a toolkit that was co-created with communities and practitioners with the outcome of communities developing action plans to address the consequences of drought and flooding.

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Almeida, Carla Isabel Cardoso da Silva Serra Martins de. "O papel das lideranças escolares na gestão do stress dos professores, no quadro do novo regime de avaliação na região autónoma da Madeira." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12728.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em MPA Administração Pública A crise económica, mais as mudanças em curso na educação, têm contribuído para sobrecarregar os professores, diminuindo a capacidade de integração de inovações. A questão da avaliação, recentemente lançado a nível regional, colocará sobre pressão os professores regionais depois de décadas de relativa estabilidade. Neste contexto, a presença de lideranças capazes de oferecer uma “bolha de conforto” num contexto agressivo volta a estar na ribalta. Esta tese incide sobre estas questões, a saber, avaliação, liderança, clima organizacional e fontes de stress. O modelo teórico desenvolvido nesta tese comporta os elementos teóricos referidos atrás e com base no tratamento estatístico uma amostra de 330 inquéritos permite concluir que embora a maioria não conteste a necessidade de serem avaliados, o mesmo não pode ser dito relativamente à satisfação com o processo e o grau de fairness do mesmo. Conclui-se ainda que as lideranças são vistas positivamente, embora pareça alheada do processo de avaliação. O maior perigo para os professores reside, não na avaliação propriamente dita, mas nas eventuais consequências em termos da deterioração do clima de trabalho, na relação com os pares e na afirmação de uma cultura de competição e performance. Os aspetos mais sumativos da avaliação são rejeitados pela maioria que prefere uma versão mais soft baseada em aspetos formativos. The current economic crises felt in Madeira, along with the ongoing introduction of changes in the education sector, has helped to overburdening teachers at expenses of a reduced capability to deal with innovations. The issue of teacher´s evaluations recently launched in the regions adds pressure on local teachers after decades of careers´ stability and predictability. Under such circumstances, leaders able to provide a comfort zone are well praised. This study is focused on this issues, namely evaluation, leadership, organizational climate and stress. The theoretical approach adopted blends several related concepts and constructs (eg. evaluation, coping strategies, leadership). Based on the results provided by a questionnaire answered by 330 teachers, the study shows that most teachers accept (theoretically) the evaluation process. It doesn’t mean they are satisfied or pleased with the degree of fairness of the process. School principals are rated well by most, despite their apparent disaffectedness and detachment from the process. Teachers mainly reject the evaluation´ consequences in terms of degrading work conditions, problematic relationships with peers and a culture of competition, performance and rewards. The summative evaluation are rejected by most in favor of soft formative processes. N/A

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Pettersson, Anna. "De som inte kan simma kommer nog att dö! : En studie om barns tankar och känslor rörande klimatförändringarna." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229197.

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This study has investigated the thoughts and the emotions concerning climate change among children. The main purpose of the thesis is to study how the children cope with the threat of climate change and if they see it as something concerning their on lives. The theoretical roots of the study are to be found within appraisal theory, social representations, coping and self-efficacy. The children who are included in this study are 12-13 years old and live in the western part of Sweden. The data collection is based on the interviews with 27 children. The interviews have been thematically analysed and the aim was to get a deeper understanding of how the children think and feel concerning climate change. In the analysis four main themes emerged which focus on: how the children perceive and relate to climate change, the contexts in which the children face the discussions on climate change, how they cope with the emotions that are awakened and how they feel that they can influence issues related to climate change and the environment. It can be stated that the results have many nuances. The majority of the children see climate change as something abstract and distant that doesn’t affect their own lives. Regarding the future of the planet the children express both hope and worry, but also ambivalence. They mean that we, the humans, have the decision in our hands. The children meet the discussion of climate change in different places like: in media, in school, at home and through own experiences. They use several different strategies to cope with their emotions; problem –focused coping, emotion-focused coping and meaning-focused coping. Most of the children feel that they can affect the environment positively through small, simple everyday actions, bur there are also children that feel that there is nothing they can do. The children’s own experiences affect how they think and feel regarding climate change It can be concluded that many of the interviewed children are involved in issues concerning the environment and climate change and that they possess knowledge that adults don’t have, but also that climate change must be transformed into something tangible and seen as a personal responsibility for a change to occur.There, the community, the adult world and the school have a great responsibility

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Laszlo, Ambjörnsson Emmeline. "Power relations and adaptive capacity : Exploring gender relations in climate change adaptation and coping within small-scale farming in western Kenya." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63368.

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Climate adaptation is an important and necessary response to global climate change.Numerous studies show that adaptive capacity is shaped by cultural and social determinants.Gender relations are an integral aspect of social relations in all societies, yet the literature onhow gender influences climate adaptation is limited. Women and men, with different roles,responsibilities and decision-making power have different possibilities to cope and adapt withclimate change, thus adopting a gendered approach to climate adaptation is essential toenhance our understanding of successful adaptation.The aim of the study is to explore how cultural attributes and power relations of genderinfluence adaptive capacity in relation to climate change among smallholder farmers inwestern Kenya. Furthermore this study contributes to resilience thinking by using the lens ofpost-structural feminist political ecology and the concept of gender contracts, whichhighlights the influence of power laden gender discourses and the construction andreconstruction of such contracts. The study is triangulated by the use of qualitative methodsand draws upon 12 semi-structured interviews, 4 focus group discussions and 4 expertinterviews.Gendered power relations were primarily a constraint to the adaptive capacity of women,restricting their possibilities to pursue a number of coping and adaptation strategies, which inturn affected the resilience of the household. Capacity building and farmer group formationpromoted by a Swedish NGO (ViAFP) resulted in altered power relations, renegotiated andreconstructed gender contracts which increased adaptive capacity and adaptation opportunitiesfor both men and women, although particularly for women because of their initial vulnerableposition. This study adds an understanding of the gendered dimensions of local climatechange adaptation and shows that adaptation cannot be understood separate from socialrelations. The policy implication is thus that enhancing local climate adaptation requiresconsideration of power relations and gender equality.

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Solomon, Alvin Maingi. "Examining Spatial and Socioeconomic Differentiation of Drought Coping Strategies among the Border Communities of Njukini, Taveta, Kenya." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1313548851.

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Woodman, Ashley Cynthia. "Trajectories of Parenting Stress among Mothers and Fathers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: From Early Childhood through Adolescence." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2606.

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Thesis advisor: Penny Hauser-Cram Parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) face greater caregiving demands than other parents, which may lead to heightened levels of stress. The problematic behavior and functional limitations of the child with DD have been found to contribute to parenting stress (Baker et al., 2002; Beckman, 1991). Despite heightened demands, many parents successfully adapt to raising a child with DD. A goal of recent research has been to identify resources and supports that explain the considerable variability in parental adjustment (Neece & Baker, 2008). This dissertation examined trajectories of parenting stress among mothers (N=147) and fathers (N=110) of children with diverse developmental disabilities, from their child's early years (age 3) through adolescence (age 15). Using hierarchical linear modeling, stress was found to increase from early to middle childhood and subsequently decrease from middle childhood to adolescence. Characteristics of the child with DD were found to contribute to parents' stress, with higher behavior problems and lower functional skills predicting greater stress. Parent resources and supports were also found to relate to parenting stress. Greater social support, use of adaptive coping strategies, and more positive perceptions of the family climate predicted lower stress. An additional model was conducted using a modified hierarchical linear modeling approach to examine the role of child stressors and family resources and supports within parenting dyads. The findings of this study contribute to the limited literature on patterns of change in stress among parents, particularly fathers, of children with DD. Following these results, interventions for families of children with DD should aim to reduce child-related stressors and promote parent resources and supports Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012 Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology

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Muzawazi, Daphine. "The impact of community/nutrition gardens as a strategy for coping with drought and climate change : the case of rural farmers in Bikita District Masvingo Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53538.

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Drought is the most important climate shock affecting livelihoods and agricultural production of mostly rural households. In a bid to reduce the effects of climate variability, coping strategies are being embarked on in most rural areas of the world so as to reduce poverty and food insecurity and one of them is community gardens. The purpose of the study was to objectively look at the dynamics at work in community gardens, that is, the significance the gardens have on poverty, food security and income of rural farmers. The study was carried out in Bikita District, Masvingo Province found in the drier south-eastern low-veld area of Zimbabwe. Rural farmers in this area have been hit the hardest by drought and the changes that climate change has brought about to agricultural production. This has resulted in a greater proportion of farmers being unable to meet their food and income requirements making them more vulnerable to climate shocks. How the gardens are assisting the rural farmers in coping with drought as a climate shock was also considered. Data collection made use of both primary and secondary techniques. Structured interviews were administered to a total of 130 randomly sampled community garden participants. The study also used semi- structured interviews which were administered to the donor agents involved in the gardening projects, that is, CARE and CARITAS International Organizations. Key informant interviews were also administered to the district extension advisory officer involved in the projects. The study also made use of a focus group discussion in order to capture farmers perceptions of climate change and the general impact of community gardens on the community as a whole. SPSS was used to calculate all frequencies and descriptive statistics as well as Chi-square test; Fishers exact tests; cross tabulations; percentages; mean and median variances presented in the study. The main findings of the study showed that: community garden participants were mainly women (86%) who are left in the rural areas to fend for the households alone as husbands have migrated to cities and the Diaspora in search for better opportunities. A greater number of farmers expressed ignorance on the existence and risks associated with climate change but agreed that temperatures have increased and rainfall has decreased in the past decade. There was also no significant association between age groups and knowledge of existence of climate change. Chi-square test results showed a significant association between age groups and how they rated the impact of climate change adaptation projects (p=0.030). The economically active age group of 40-49 years did not respond positively to the impact of climate change adaptation projects. They rated the climate change adaptation projects as somewhat helpful. A number of the interviewed farmers (53%) indicated that, they do not acquire income from sale of their crops and vegetables. Most of the harvested produce is used for household consumption as 86% of the respondents also highlighted that as the main reason they joined the community gardens. However, a number of the respondents use income acquired to obtain basic necessities, pay for child education and maintaining their farm business. Results also showed some major benefits associated with community gardens. Social benefits include: social capital, development of farming skills and collective effort; economic benefits include: increased income, nutritious food, community based employment, better quality of life, education and training; Environmental benefits include: sustainable agriculture. A major constraint that farmers agreed on was the insufficiency of water. Chi-square test results showed a significant association (p=0.003) of age groups and how they rated the source of water for irrigation. The older aged groups of 50-59 and 60 and over were more negatively inclined towards the sufficiency of water supply and rated it as totally insufficient. Other shortcomings indicated also included: long distance to gardens, lack of fencing and protection, birds and predators and limited institutional support. Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015. Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development MSc Unrestricted

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Ndlovu, Patrick, Martin K. Luckert, and Sheona Shackleton. "Vulnerability, coping and adaptation within the context of climate change and HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Investigating strategies to strengthen livelihoods and food security and build resilience." Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016230.

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[From Introduction] In South Africa, social grants are a central component of government's efforts to alleviate poverty. The number of people receiving social grants has significantly increased in recent years (from about 10.9 million in 2005 to almost 15.7 million in 2013, and an anticipated 16.8 million recipients by 2015).With social grants playing an increasingly important role, a pressing policy issue is whether or not the current social grant schemes are an effective tool for alleviating poverty. Some studies have shown that social grants improve food security (Case and Deaton, 1998; Samson et al., 2008) and in the long run can promote employment through accumulation of human capital and enhancing productivity of poor households (Edmonds et al., 2006; Samson et al., 2008; Surender et al., 2007). However, other studies have reported that social grants have possible disincentive effects on labor market activity, for example, through the relaxing of household budget constraints which may lead to a reduction in labor supply (Bertrand et al., 2003; Ranchorhod, 2006; Klasen and Woolard, 2009). Our study provides new insights by highlighting two key household characteristics, gender and education, in catalyzing or diminishing the effects of grants on household livelihood outcomes. Our analysis mainly focuses on impacts of pensions on household food security and labor supply of household members.

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Wodon, Quentin. "Household vulnerability to weather shocks: Case studies on coping, adaptation, and migration from the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241404.

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There is near unanimous agreement in the scientific community that global mean temperatures will increase by several degrees Celsius by the end of the century. This could lead to dramatic consequences, especially for the poor in the developing world. In many countries climate change will manifest itself through reduced rainfall, greater temperature variability, a rise in sea levels, and a higher frequency of weather shocks. These effects constitute threats to people’s ability to continue to live where they are living today, and more generally to their economic security, and may lead to higher levels of migration away from areas vulnerable to climate change.While environmental change may lead to an increase in migration, in most cases it may not be feasible to identify pure environmental migrants because of the complexity of the push and pull factors involved. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the extent to which households are vulnerable today to environmental change and weather shocks in selected areas of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and in South Asia’s Sundarbans, whether households are able to cope with weather shocks and adapt to changing environmental conditions, and whether climatic conditions and weather shocks are leading to higher rates of migration. The dissertation relies in large part on the analysis of new households surveys recently implemented in areas affected by weather shocks and changing climatic conditions in seven countries: Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Morocco, Syria, and Yemen. While the MENA countries are affected mostly by droughts, and to a lower extent floods, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India are affected by cyclones, sea water surges, and salinity intrusions. The ways in which households are affected by extreme weather events are very different in the MENA and South Asia regions. Yet as the dissertation demonstrates, while circumstances and contexts differ between the two sets of countries, many of the findings are actually similar in both regions. The first part of the dissertation provides background for the empirical work. After a review of the literature, a set of 10 questions are asked together with hypotheses to be tested. The second part of the dissertation provides the empirical results, with three chapters focusing on (1) household perceptions about their environment and the impact of weather shocks on households; (2) the coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies deployed by households; and (3) migration decisions, in most cases by individual household members. The findings from the dissertation suggest that individuals from households more seriously and negatively affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment are slightly more likely to migrate temporarily, but not permanently. This is possibly due to the cost of migration and the fact that environmental change and weather shocks may result in large losses in income and assets for vulnerable groups, making migration less affordable for them. Thus, some population groups may well be in a situation of "relative trappedness" in comparison to other households less affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment._____________La communauté scientifique est quasi unanime sur le fait que les températures mondiales moyennes devraient augmenter de plusieurs degrés Celsius d'ici la fin du siècle. Cela pourrait avoir des conséquences dramatiques pour les populations, en particulier pour les pauvres dans les pays en voie de développement. Dans de nombreux pays le changement climatique va se manifester par une diminution des précipitations, une plus grande variabilité de la température, une élévation du niveau de la mer, et une fréquence plus élevée des chocs climatiques. Ces effets constituent des menaces pour la capacité des populations de continuer à vivre là où elles vivent aujourd'hui, ce qui pourrait par conséquent entraîner des mouvements migratoires importants.Cependant, même si les chocs climatiques pourraient mener à une augmentation de la migration, dans la plupart des cas il n’est pas possible d'identifier des migrants environnementaux dits purs en raison de la complexité des facteurs influençant la migration. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse est triple. La thèse cherche à évaluer (1) dans quelle mesure les ménages sont vulnérables aujourd'hui aux changements environnementaux et aux chocs climatiques dans certaines régions de l'Afrique du Nord, du Moyen-Orient, et de l’Asie du Sud (Sundarbans) ;(2) si les ménages sont en mesure de faire face aux chocs climatiques, et (3) si les conditions environnementales et les chocs climatiques conduisent à des taux de migration plus élevés parmi les membres des ménages les plus affectés comparativement aux ménages moins affectés. La thèse repose en partie sur une analyse de nouvelles données d’enquêtes auprès des ménages mises en œuvre dans des zones touchées par les chocs climatiques dans sept pays :l’Algérie, le Bangladesh, l’Egypte, l’Inde, le Maroc, la Syrie et le Yémen. Alors que les pays du Moyen Orient et d’Afrique du Nord sont touchés principalement par des sécheresses, et dans une moindre mesure par des inondations, la zone géographique dite des Sundarbans au Bangladesh et en Inde est touchée principalement par des cyclones.Bien que les chocs climatiques dans les deux régions soient différents, la thèse montre que les implications pour les ménages sont similaires. Les groupes vulnérables sont fortement et négativement affectés par les chocs climatiques et ils ne sont souvent pas capables de faire face et de s’adapter efficacement à ces chocs. De plus, il semble que les ménages les plus affectés n’aient pas de taux de migration permanente parmi leurs membres plus élevés que les ménages moins affectés, même si les taux de migration temporaire sont légèrement plus élevés. En ce sens, il apparait que les groupes vulnérables pourraient être en termes comparatifs pris au piège (« relative trappedness ») dans les zones vulnérables aux chocs climatiques comme d’autres études l’ont suggéré. Doctorat en Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Hamer, Nick, and Sheona Shackleton. "Interaction of multiple stressors: vulnerability, coping and adaptation within the context of climate change and HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Investigating strategies to strengthen livelihoods and food security and build resilience." Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/50065.

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Government policy development and implementation is often designed to address different sectors of society in isolation, so social, economic and environmental issues are considered as being distinct from one other. Recently it has been acknowledged that 'working in silos' is not conducive for good governance and so efforts have been made for better co-ordination between different government departments and different spheres of government. Our research findings show the knock on effects of one problem into other areas of people's lives, highlighting why it is vital for policies and programmes to be far better co-ordinated. The different challenges and stresses that people face in their lives interact with one another in complex ways, undermining their capacity to cope with and adapt to future changes, such as those expected under climate change.

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Paul, John Mussa. "Analysis of community-based coping and adaptation strategies to climate variability and change for sustainable rural livelihoods : a case study of Kaunda Village in T/A Simlemba, Kasungu District, Malawi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012322.

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Rural communities in Malawi are experiencing adverse climatic hazards which are attributed to climate variability and change. The frequent events being experienced include floods, dry spells and seasonal droughts. Rural livelihoods are severely affected because of their sensitivity to these phenomena. The research has analyzed community-based coping and adaptation strategies for sustainable livelihoods among the rural poor in Kaunda village, T/A Simlemba in Kasungu district, Malawi. The research data was collected from groups of male and female participants which also included a group of traditional leaders living in the area. The study used Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods such as Focus Group Discussions using the associated tools of resource mapping, transect walks, timelines and livelihood ranking to collect the data. The research findings have revealed that the major climate events experienced in Kaunda village are seasonal droughts and dry spells which have significantly impacted agriculture as a major livelihood activity in Malawi. The study has also revealed the community-based coping and adaptation strategies employed by the people. Recommendations made in this study have highlighted the need to support vulnerable rural communities with resilient and secure livelihoods.

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Geldard, Kathryn Mary. "Adolescent Peer Counselling." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16155/.

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Adolescent peer counselling as a social support strategy to assist adolescents to cope with stress in their peer group provides the focus for the present thesis. The prosocial behaviour of providing emotional and psychological support through the use of helping conversations by young people is examined. Current programs for training adolescent peer counsellors have failed to discover what skills adolescents bring to the helping conversation. They ignore, actively discourage, and censor, some typical adolescent conversational helping behaviours and idiosyncratic communication processes. Current programs for training adolescent peer counsellors rely on teaching microcounselling skills from adult counselling models. When using this approach, the adolescent peer helper training literature reports skill implementation, role attribution and status differences as being problematic for trained adolescent peer counsellors (Carr, 1984; de Rosenroll, 1988; Morey & Miller, 1993). For example Carr (1984) recognised that once core counselling skills have been reasonably mastered that young people " may feel awkward, mechanical or phoney" (p. 11) when trying to implement the new skills. Problematic issues with regard to role attribution and status differences appear to relate to the term 'peer counsellor' and its professional expectations, including training and duties (Anderson, 1976; Jacobs, Masson & Vass, 1976; Myrick, 1976). A particular concern of Peavy (1977) was that for too many people counselling was an acceptable label for advice giving and that the role of counsellor could imply professional status. De Rosenroll (1988) cautioned against creating miniature mirror images of counselling and therapeutic professionals in young people. However, he described a process whereby status difference is implied when a group of adolescent peer counsellors is trained and invited to participate in activities that require appropriate ethical guidelines including competencies, training, confidentiality and supervision. While Carr and Saunders (1981) suggest, "student resentment of the peer counsellor is not a problem" they go on to say, "this is not to say that the problem does not exist" (p. 21). The authors suggest that as a concern the problem can be minimised by making sure the peer counsellors are not 'forced' on the student body and by providing opportunities for peer counsellors to develop ways of managing resentment. De Rosenroll (1988) acknowledges that the adolescent peer counsellor relationship may fall within a paraprofessional framework in that a difference in status may be inferred from the differing life experiences of the peer counsellor when compared with their student peers. The current project aimed to discover whether the issues of skill implementation, role attribution and status differences could be addressed so that adolescent peer counselling, a valuable social support resource, could be made more attractive to, and useful for adolescents. The researcher's goal was to discover what young people typically do when they help each other conversationally, what they want to learn that would enhance their conversational helping behaviour, and how they experience and respond to their role as peer counsellor, and then to use the information obtained in the development of an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program. By doing this, the expectation was that the problematic issues cited in the literature could be addressed. Guided by an ethnographic framework the project also examined the influence of an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program on the non-peer counsellor students in the wider adolescent community of the high school. Three sequential studies were undertaken. In Study 1, the typical adolescent conversational and communications skills that young people use when helping each other were identified. In addition, those microcounselling skills that young people found useful and compatible with their typical communication processes were identified. In Study 2, an intervention research process was used to develop, deliver, and evaluate an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program which combined typical adolescent helping behaviours with preferred counselling microskills selected by participants in Study 1. The intervention research paradigm was selected as the most appropriate methodology for this study because it is designed to provide an integrated perspective for understanding, developing, and examining the feasibility and effectiveness of innovative human services interventions (Bailey-Dempsey & Reid, 1996; Rothman & Thomas, 1994). Intervention research is typically conducted in a field setting in which researchers and practitioners work together to design and assess interventions. When applying intervention research methodology researchers and practitioners begin by selecting the problem they want to remedy, reviewing the literature, identifying criteria for appropriate and effective intervention, integrating the information into plans for the intervention and then testing the intervention to reveal the intervention's strengths and flaws. Researchers then suggest modifications to make the intervention more effective, and satisfying for participants. In the final stage of intervention research, researchers disseminate information about the intervention and make available manuals and other training materials developed along the way (Comer, Meier, & Galinsky, 2004). In Study 2 an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training manual was developed. Study 3 evaluated the impact of the peer counsellor training longitudinally on the wider school community. In particular, the project was interested in whether exposure to trained peer counsellors influenced students who were not peer counsellors with regard to their perceptions of self-concept, the degree of use of specific coping strategies and on their perceptions of the school climate. Study three included the development of A School Climate Survey which focused on the psychosocial aspects of school climate from the student's perspective. Two factors which were significantly correlated (p<.01) were identified. Factor 1 measured students' perceptions of student relationships, and Factor 2 measured students' perceptions of teachers' relationships with students. The present project provides confirmation of a number of findings that other studies have identified regarding the idiosyncratic nature of adolescent communication, and the conversational and relational behaviours of young people (Chan, 2001; Noller, Feeney, & Peterson, 2001; Papini & Farmer, 1990; Rafaelli & Duckett, 1989; Readdick & Mullis, 1997; Rotenberg, 1995; Turkstra, 2001; Worcel et al., 1999; Young et al., 1999). It extends this research by identifying the specific conversational characteristics that young people use in helping conversations. The project confirmed the researcher's expectation that some counselling microskills currently used in training adolescent peer counsellors are not easy to use by adolescents and are considered by adolescents to be unhelpful. It also confirmed that some typical adolescent conversational helping behaviours which have been proscribed for use in other adolescent peer counsellor training programs are useful in adolescent peer counselling. The project conclusively demonstrated that the adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program developed in the project overcame the difficulties of skill implementation identified in the adolescent peer counselling literature (Carr, 1984). The project identified for the first time the process used by adolescent peer counsellors to deal with issues related to role attribution and status difference. The current project contributes new information to the peer counselling literature through the discovery of important differences between early adolescent and late adolescent peer counsellors with regard to acquiring and mastering counselling skills, and their response to role attribution and status difference issues among their peers following counsellor training. As a result of the substantive findings the current project makes a significant contribution to social support theory and prosocial theory and to the adolescent peer counselling literature. It extends the range of prosocial behaviours addressed in published research by specifically examining the conversational helping behaviour of adolescents from a relational perspective. The current project provides new information that contributes to knowledge of social support in the form of conversational behaviour among adolescents identifying the interactive, collaborative, reciprocal and idiosyncratic nature of helping conversations in adolescents. Tindall (1989) suggests that peer counsellor trainers explore a variety of ways to approach a single training model that can augment and supplement the training process to meet specific group needs. The current project responded to this suggestion by investigating which counselling skills and behaviours adolescent peer counsellor trainees preferred, were easy to use by them, and were familiar to them, and then by using an intervention research process, devised a training program which incorporated these skills and behaviours into a typical adolescent helping conversation. A mixed method longitudinal design was used in an ecologically valid setting. The longitudinal nature of the design enabled statements about the process of the peer counsellors' experience to be made. The project combined qualitative and quantitative methods of data gathering. Qualitative data reflects the phenomenological experience of the adolescent peer counsellor and the researcher and quantitative data provides an additional platform from which to view the findings. The intervention research paradigm provided a developmental research method that is appropriate for practice research. The intervention research model is more flexible than conventional experimental designs, capitalises on the availability of small samples, accommodates the dynamism and variation in practice conditions and diverse populations, and explicitly values the insights of the researcher as a practitioner. The project combines intervention research with involvement of the researcher in the project thus enabling the researcher to view and report the findings through her own professional and practice lens.

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Fernandes, Gilberto. "Clima organizacional, a Síndrome de Burnout e as estratégias de enfrentamento no trabalho em funcionários de instituto de pesquisas do Vale do Paraíba Paulista." Universidade de Taubaté, 2011. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=518.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a relação entre a percepção do Clima Organizacional, com a Síndrome de Burnout e conhecer as Estratégias de Enfrentamento no trabalho em funcionários de Instituto de Pesquisas do Vale do Paraíba Paulista. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa descritiva, com delineamento de levantamento de dados e com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra pesquisada foi constituída de 252 funcionários públicos da região do Vale do Paraiba Paulista. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: Inventário de Identificação de Amostra (QIA), Questionário de Clima Organizacional (QCO), Inventário Maslach de Burnout (MBI) e Questionário de Enfrentamento do Trabalho (QET). Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio do Programa Minitab versão 15 e também do software Microsoft EXCEL. Os principais resultados obtidos indicaram a predominância do perfil de Clima Organizacional com ênfase do fator liderança como maior índice de insatisfação entre os servidores e os níveis de Exaustão Emocional - EE (19,2), Despersonalização DE (8,4) e Realização Profissional RP (30,3) sendo a prevalência geral de 19,3% e, portanto, bem próximos das médias de outros estudos comparando os resultados. Quanto ao Enfrentamento no trabalho, 186 sujeitos (73,8%) da amostra adotam o comportamento evitativo e 66 sujeitos (26,2%) da amostra utilizam o comportamento Vigilante. A classificação subjetiva da qualidade do sono, a prevalência foi de 84,1% da amostra, composta por muito boa (25,8%) e boa (58,3%) e 15,9% da amostra composta por ruim (15,1%) e muito ruim (0,8%). Quanto a classificação objetiva da qualidade do sono ficou demonstrado que a prevalência foi de 74,6%, composta por muito boa (56,0%) e boa (18,6%) e a prevalência de 25,4%, composta por ruim (13,9%) e muito ruim (11,5%). Foi observado que 26,19% dos sujeitos da amostra atual apresentam Sonolência Excessiva Diurna. Foram identificadas associações entre as variáveis Sociodemográficas e Epworth na categoria idade (0,0037), AAS na categoria idade (0,0007) e Enfrentamento no Trabalho nas categorias idade (0,0018) e Horas trabalhadas (0,0034). Os resultados desta pesquisa poderão criar medidas de prevenção da Síndrome de Burnout. Os resultados obtidos não devem ser generalizados, em razão da metodologia de pesquisa empregada que espelham a realidade de uma amostra pesquisada, mas devem instigar novos estudos sobre servidores públicos de outras instituições que tenham similaridades nas condições de trabalho. This study aimed to describe the relationship between perception of organizational climate, with the Burnout Syndrome and learn coping strategies at work in employees of the Research Institute of Vale do Paraíba Paulista. The study was conducted through descriptive research design with data collection and quantitative approach. The original sample consisted of 252 government officials from the region of Vale do Paraiba Paulista. The instruments used for data collection were: Inventory Identification of Sample (QIA), Organizational Climate Questionnaire (QCO), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Questionnaire of Coping Labour (QET). The collected data were processed using the statistical program EXCEL. The main results indicated the predominance of the Profile of Organizational Climate with emphasis factor leading to increased rates of dissatisfaction among the servers and the levels of Emotional Exhaustion - EE (19.2), Depersonalization - DE (8.4) and Professional Achievement - RP (30.3) and the overall prevalence of 19.3% and therefore quite close to the average of other studies comparing the results. As for coping at work, 186 subjects (73.8%) of the sample adopt avoidance behavior and 66 subjects (26.2%) of the sample using the Vigilante behavior. The subjective rating of sleep quality, the prevalence was 84.1% of the sample, consisting of very good (25.8%) and good (58.3%) and 15.9% of the sample of poor (15, 1%) and very poor (0.8%). As for objective classification of sleep quality was shown that the prevalence was 74.6%, composed of very good (56.0%) and good (18.6%) and the prevalence of 25.4%, consisting of bad ( 13.9%) and very poor (11.5%). It was observed that 26.19% of the subjects now have excessive daytime sleepiness. Was identified associations between sociodemographic variables and Epworth in the age category (0.0037), ASA category age (0.0007) and coping at work in the age categories (0.0018) and hours worked (0.0034). These results may establish measures to prevent the burnout syndrome. The results should not be generalized, because of the research methodology employed to reflect the reality of a surveyed sample, but should incite further investigation into public servants from other institutions that have similarities in working conditions.

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Posey, John. "Coping with climate change toward a theory of adaptive capacity." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17543.

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Kuo, Pei-chun, and 郭佩君. "Coping with Climate Change on Legal System and Policy of Taiwan: After the Copenhagen Climate Conference." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57508034750031282898.

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碩士 東吳大學 法律學系 100 The outcome of global warming causing climate change, has seriously affected the entire human society and ecosystem balance. Situated in highly vulnerable areas affected by the impact of climate change, in recent years Taiwan has been suffered by extreme weather patterns, which in turn has resulted in increased frequency of droughts and floods alternately. Particularly, not only our country has more than 99% of the energy dependent upon imports, but to face a potential crisis of the nuclear radiation, resulting in our country by the threat of climate change risk is more severe. Therefore, the impact upon climate change and disaster prevention as well adaptation strategies is imperative. This thesis has drawn recent global trend which should be climate change from the Copenhagen climate conference, the development direction, focus exploring the relationship between climate change and adaptation policies of international environmental law, its main legal principle, and further compiled the complete ”United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” on the adaptation of the specification in order to understand the current international climate change, institutional rules and practice generally formed. At the same time, the resolutions and strategies of adaptation in the research and analysis, UNFCCC related international conferences or organizations, with reference to adaptation policies and measures and legislative experience in major international organizations and advanced countries, to establish the impact of climate change adaptation strategies of international development. Accordingly will further examine the viewpoints of the overall mechanism of climate change issues, especially on the development of adaptation policy formulation and legal norms, and to study the environmental administrative organizational structure in response to climate change. Finally, this thesis makes relevant recommendations for future reference to develop more hand-on implementation of the policy, and the development of the legal norms in line with international trend.

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Kang, Li-Chung, and 康立群. "The Relationships of Goal Orientation, Perceived Motivational Climate, Coping Strategies, Perceived Effectiveness of Coping,And Burnout Among Baseball Players." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35173420761615805247.

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碩士 國立體育學院 教練研究所 92 The purpose of this study was three-fold. First, to examine the relationships among baseball players’ goal orientation, perception of motivational climate, coping strategies of competitive stress, perceived effectiveness of coping and burnout. Second, to examine the moderating effect of perceived effectiveness of coping strategy in terms of predicting baseball players’ burnout by coping strategy. Third, to examine the causal relationship of baseball players’ goal orientation, motivational climate, coping strategy, and burnout. Participants were 181 Division I high school baseball players recruited from 13 baseball teams. The mean age and sport age of the players are 16.88(±.89) years and 6.65(±1.84) years. After receiving the informed consent, Participants were requested to complete questionnaires assessing their goal orientation, perception of motivational climate, coping strategies of competitive stress, perceived effectiveness of coping and athletic burnout. The results of this study were as followed: 1. The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that There were positively correlations among task orientation, task-involved climate to problem-focused coping strategy, emotional focused coping strategy, perceived effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategy, perceived effectiveness of emotion focused coping strategy. Task orientation and task-involved climate negatively correlated with burnout. Ego orientation and ego-involved climate were positively associated with problem focused coping strategy, emotional focused coping strategy, perceived effectiveness of problem focused coping strategy. whereas a positively correlation were found among ego orientation, avoidance focused coping strategy, and burnout. In addition, ego orientation was positively related to problem focused coping strategy. Ego-involved climate was positively correlated with burnout. Regarding the relationships among coping strategy and burnout, the results indicated that problem focused and emotional focused coping strategies had negative correlations with burnout. On the other hand, avoidance coping strategy was positively related to burnout. 2. The results of examining the moderating effect of perceived effectiveness of coping strategy on the predicting burnout by coping strategy indicated that there was an interactive effects on avoidance-focused and perceived effectiveness of avoidance focused coping strategy on burnout. Specifically, when athletes perceived high effectiveness of avoidance coping strategy, using high avoidance coping strategy athletes reported lower burnout than those athletes who used low avoidance coping strategy. 3. The results of path analysis indicated that problem-focused, was positively predicted by task orientation and task-orientation climate, whereas, problem focused coping strategy was found negatively predicted burnout tendency. In addition, avoidance focused coping strategy was negatively predicted by task orientation, but positively predicted by ego orientation, whereas, avoidance focused was positively predicated burnout tendency. Besides, problem-focused and avoidance focused played as important mediators in terms of goal orientation and perceived motivational climate predicting burnout tendency. However, task orientation had negatively direct effect on burnout tendency. In addition, ego-orientation climate had positively direct effect on burnout tendency. Based on the finding of this study, it is suggested that achievement goal theory is a useful framework in terms of the predicting of coping strategies and burnout. Moreover, suggestions for actual training and future directions were provided.

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Beja, Rita Magalhães de Oliveira. "Alterações climáticas: ambiente familiar, coaching e coping dos cuidadores enquanto preditores do coping da criança." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6399.

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia Clínica As alterações climáticas são consideradas um stressor ambiental, sendo as crianças um grupo particularmente vulnerável aos impactos psicológicos desta ameaça. Assim, é essencial estudar o seu processo de coping face a este stressor e, particularmente, os fatores que o influenciam. A presente dissertação procurou compreender o papel da modelagem (coping dos cuidadores), coaching (sugestões de coping dadas pelos cuidadores às crianças) e ambiente familiar (coesão, expressividade e conflito) neste processo, testando a aplicabilidade do Modelo de Socialização do Coping (Kliewer et al., 1994) ao caso das alterações climáticas. Por meio de questionários, incluindo dois adaptados e validados psicometricamente neste projeto, foram identificadas as estratégias de coping mais comummente reportadas numa amostra de díades cuidador-criança (n = 99). Verificou-se que as crianças apresentavam distress médio face a esta ameaça, preferindo as estratégias de wishful thinking, apoio social, regulação emocional e resolução do problema. Os cuidadores mostraram preocupação elevada face às alterações climáticas, recorrendo sobretudo ao wishful thinking e à resolução do problema. A nível da influência dos cuidadores no coping da criança, o modelo hipotetizado verificou-se ajustado à predição das estratégias de autocrítica, heteroculpabilização e wishful thinking. Foram construídos modelos reduzidos para as restantes estratégias, surgindo pelo menos uma dimensão da modelagem, coaching ou ambiente familiar enquanto preditores significativos para todas, excetuando a resignação. Os resultados foram discutidos face a estudos prévios sobre a socialização do coping e de coping com as alterações climáticas, salientando a importância de programas de treino parental e de educação, formal e informal, sobre este tema. ABSTRACT: Climate change is widely recognized as an important environmental stressor, and children seem to be particularly vulnerable to its psychological effects. Therefore, it is essential to study their coping process with this stressor and, particularly, the factors that influence it. This dissertation aimed to understand the role of modeling (caregiver’s coping), coaching (caregiver’s coping suggestions to their children) and family environment (cohesion, expressiveness and conflict) in this process, testing the applicability of the Socialization of Coping Model (Kliewer et al., 1994) to climate change. Questionnaires, including two adapted and psychometrically validated in this study, were used to identify the most commonly reported coping strategies in a sample of childcaregiver dyads (n = 99). Children reported medium distress associated with this threat, preferring the wishful thinking, social support, emotional regulation and problem-solving strategies. The caregivers showed high levels of worry about climate change, using mostly wishful thinking and problem-solving coping. Regarding the influence of caregivers on children’s coping, the hypothesized model was found to be well adjusted to the prediction of self-criticism, blaming others and wishful thinking. Reduced models were constructed for the remaining strategies, and at least one dimension of modeling, coaching or family environment was shown to be a significant predictor for every one of them, except resignation. The results were discussed in relation to previous work on the socialization of coping and on coping with climate change, highlighting the importance of parent training and formal and informal educational programs on this theme.

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Lee, Meng-Shan, and 李孟珊. "Discussion on climate change coping strategy and well-being: meaning-focused strategy as a moderator." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9qfe93.

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HUA, CHEN MEI, and 陳美華. "Role Stress, Organization Climate , Social Support and Coping Strategies among Female Teachers of Vocational School." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34599809340282921991.

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碩士 國立高雄應用科技大學 商務經營研究所 97 Abstract This research aims at discussing the relationship between the atmosphere in the school organization, role pressure, social support, and the adaptive strategy female vocational school teachers take to deal with stress. This research adopts questionnaire survey method, taking the female vocational school teachers in Taiwan as study population. 473 questionnaires were distributed, 328 returned. Through statistical analysis, the results indicate: 1. Role pressure has remarkably negative influence on the adaptive strategy taken to deal with stress. 2. The atmosphere in school organization has positive influence on the adaptive strategy taken to deal with stress. 3. Social support has positive moderating effects on role pressure and the adaptive strategy taken to deal with stress. 4. Social support has positive moderating effects on the atmosphere in school organization and the adaptive strategy taken to deal with stress. This research puts forward some references, based on the results of statistical analysis, for female vocational school teachers, deans, principals and future researchers. Keywords: female teacher, role pressure, atmosphere of school organization, social support, adaptive strategy

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King, Yi-Shien, and 金益先. "Coping with Catastrophes in the Era of Climate Change: From the Perspective of the Precautionary Principle." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35067348969889738760.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 法律學研究所 101 The aim of this thesis, which is also a pressing need of our society nowadays, is to build a legal mechanism that can adequately and effectively cope with catastrophes related to climate change. In the era of climate change, the rise of frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events greatly challenges the current legal systems, thus causing serious damages on human society as well as natural environment. Compared to other places in the world, Taiwan is especially vulnerable to catastrophes due to its geological and topographic structure. Hence, the catastrophic risk entailed by climate change cannot be overlooked from both global and local perspectives. This thesis begins with a description of the scientific facts of climate change before turning its focus to the design of an ideal legal mechanism. In Chapter 2, a brief introduction of climate change will be given, and the two characteristics of extreme weather will be induced: “the temporal and spatial uncertainty of its occurrence” and “unexpectedly high intensity.” The current legal system designed based on historical statistics has in many instances been a failure owing to its inability, both scientifically and methodologically, to foresee extreme weather events. To cope with uncertainty, this thesis recourses to “the precautionary principle” as its theoretical basis in Chapter 3. To clarify how the precautionary principle functions, the author analyzes international agreements, EU policies and the relevant case-law of international law of sea and argues that there is a readable shift in the applications of the precautionary principle from “justifying prior intervention to control significant risks” to “serving as a procedural requirement in the decision-making process.” Following the lessons learned from foreign jurisdictions, the author claims that four characteristics-early participation of laypersons, participation of interdisciplinary experts, information feedback system, and worst-case scenario analysis-should be implemented in the decision-making process related to scientific uncertainty, such as catastrophic risk in climate change. Chapter 4 and 5 focus on the domestic perspective of catastrophes related. Based on previous findings and aiming at building a legal mechanism with adequate capacity to deal with catastrophic risk, these sections will analyze, criticize and thereby provide suggestions for the current Disaster Prevention and Protection Act of Taiwan (the “DPP Act”). This thesis claims that the DPP Act should be amended in compliance with the precautionary principle. Temporally speaking, a periodical information feedback system should be implemented in the process of making a “Plan of Disaster Prevention and Protection.” Also, instead of looking back, we should boldly turn our focus on the unknown future. Hence, the foundation on which actions concerning disaster prevention and protection are justified lies no longer on historical statistics, but on the safety threshold set by the worst-case scenario analysis. Spatially speaking, the gap between center and local government experts and laypersons in the decision-making process should be narrowed to provide policy makers with a more comprehensive picture of what people need in dealing with catastrophic risks.

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Lin, Chun Wen, and 林純文. "Study on the elementary school’s structural climate, teachers’ job stresses, and their methoeds of coping with them." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35503523208979659227.

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碩士 國立屏東師範學院 國民教育研究所 84 The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among elementary school structural climate, teacher stresses and their methods of coping with them. A questionaire developed in this study was used to make a survey on 1067 teachers randomly selected from 83 elementary Schools around the Taiwan area. The statistical methods used here were T-Test, One-Way-Anova, Stepwise Multiple Regression, Canonical Correlation. From the statistical analysis of the results, the follwing conclusions were drawn: 1. There were positive perceptions for elementary school teacher on principle supportive behaviors, teacher engaged behaviors and organizational open climate. 2. The Stresses were higher on the part of female, unmarried and junior. Class teachers teaching in the urban area. 3. Both personal background and school organizational climate were imporatant factors of teachers'''''''' effecting stress level. │ 4. There was significant effect between school organizational climate and teacher stress.

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Pauline, Noah Makula. "Living with climate variability and change: lessons from Tanzania." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20169.

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A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May, 2015. There is sufficient evidence supporting that climate change and variability are pervasive realities that are strongly impacting on smallholder farmers in the Great Ruaha River sub-Basin of Tanzania. This PhD study examines smallholder farmers’ vulnerability, coping and adaptation strategies to climate change and variability (including non-climatic stresses), and investigates how such coping and adaptation may be constrained or enhanced given climate variability and change. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used when engaging with smallholder farmers and government officials. Primary data collection was undertaken in two phases, with phase one using participatory tools (e.g. focus group discussions, wealth ranking, community mapping and transect walk, and historical time lines). Data collected include climatic and non-climatic extreme events, farmers’ perceptions, coping and adaptation strategies. Phase two involved detailed individual interviews (questionnaire surveys) and key informant interviews (case studies), so as to obtain in-depth information on issues of interest. Secondary data were collected from existing statistical sources, literature surveys in archives, libraries and documentation centres, and from governmental agencies (e.g. TMA). Demographic, agricultural production and livestock statistics, and rainfall and temperature records were collected. Results from selected meteorological stations and farmers’ perceptions (74%) indicate that there has been an increase in average maximum temperatures, and both dry and wet years with varying magnitudes during the past four decades. Other climatic stresses include delayed onset and later cessation of the rain seasons. The agreement between farmers’ perceptions and rainfall trends provides good evidence that the climate has become increasingly variable in the GRRB during the past four decades. Achieving sustainable livelihoods is further compounded by non-climatic stresses such as access to markets and coordinating institutions. Results indicate that vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that entails two approaches (end-point and starting-point perspectives). The end-point perspective views vulnerability as the net projected climate change impacts after adaptation has taken place, whilst the starting-point perspective looks at both the current and future multiple stresses and places much emphasis in improving the adaptive capacity. In the study villages, such a nuanced picture highlighted areas for enhanced adaptation strategies. Farmers respond by using various strategies to deal with droughts, floods and other stresses when they occur. During droughts, they mostly use irrigation (canal, pumping and cans), or plant short-term maturing crops. During food shortages, farmers use strategies such as buying food, borrowing money, temporary migration, working in other people’s farms for cash, and reducing consumption. Moreover, the farmers’ choice of adaptation and coping strategies is influenced by factors such as location, access to resources, education levels and institutions. This calls for a whole system approach, which entails defining vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climatic and non-climatic stresses and thus designing appropriate response strategies. For example, mainstreaming adaptation to such stresses when considering development plans, projects, programmes and policies at all scales.

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Lee, Po-Yi, and 李柏毅. "Farmer’s Drought Coping Strategies and Adaptations under the Influence of Climate Change-A Case Study of Taoyuan City." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m9mc4d.

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碩士 國立臺北大學 都市計劃研究所 104 Since the mid-twentieth century, raising temperature had led to global climate change. This has severely influenced natural ecosystems and human environment systems. In Taiwan, climate change would increase the flood and drought risk. It also has led to an imperative challenge for us to cope with drought and flood hazards. Particularly, drought is one of the meteorological disasters that would heavily influence the productivity of rice paddies. This would decrease the security of food supply in Taiwan. Based on the protection motivation theory, this article focuses on improving the understanding of farmers’ adaptations to reducing drought losses. We develop a model of private proactive adaptation to climate change, which is an extension of protection motivation theory. It can explain how farmers convert their received information, appraisal experience and adaptation appraisal into their risk perception and adaptive behavior. Thus, the major purposes of this article include the understanding of the farmer’s drought risk perception, adaptations to drought, and examining the determinants of the adaptations. The results of the binary logit model and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the appraisal of adaptive probability and social-economic factors played a significant role in determining farmers’ adaptive behavior. The benefits of taking adaptations and farmer’s social-economic conditions were also important factors in affecting adaptations. In addition, the farmers in Xin-Wu and the west of Yang-Mei districts had perceived significantly higher levels of risk than the farmers in other districts. The findings also indicated that enhancing risk perception could help increase farmers’ adaptive behavior. To enhance farmers’ understanding of climate change risk and benefits of adaptations, it sould improve risk communication and agricultural cultivation and management techniques to reduce the drought hazard risk.

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Tabi, Kris Agbor. "Coping with Weather in Cape Town: use, adaptation & challenges in an informal settlement." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3860.

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Magister Artium - MA The concern that weather variability and climate change has raised nowadays puts every society or community on the alert. This is arguably the most persistent environmental threat to global stability in vulnerable communities in recent times. City dwellers are now experiencing increased variable weather episodes such as frequent flooding, heat waves and drought with increased wind and storm activities. Unfortunately, the aftermath of these weather irregularities are felt most severely by vulnerable urban poor residents with the least mechanisms to cope. This study focused on the residents of Enkanini in Makhaza, an informal settlement in the greater Khayelitsha Township of Cape Town, South Africa. It documented the challenges they encounter with respect to weather, seeking to understand their adaptive strategies. Emphasis was also placed on the vulnerable nature of their dwellings and their ingenuity in coping with the variable weather pattern in Cape Town. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse field data, using codes derived from themes and SPSS respectively. Ethnographic methodology guided the researcher to participate overtly in the activities of the community over an extended period, watching what happened, listening to what was said and asking questions pertaining to their vulnerability to the vicissitudes of the prevailing weather in the informal settlement. Findings from the study revealed that over 62% of the dwellings do not conform to the City‟s Disaster Risk Management Centre and Fire & Rescue safety regulations and that over 80% of the residents do not adapt very well to weather-related episodes. It also identifies the most challenging weather episodes to be floods during winter and shack fires during summer; amidst other health concerns that occur all year round.

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Teng, Pi-Huei, and 鄧碧雲. "The Investigation of Goal Orientation, Perceived Motivational Climate, Perceived Ability, Competitive State Anxiety and Coping Strategies Among Basketball Players." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zmaz98.

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碩士 國立體育學院 教練研究所 90 The Investigation of Goal Orientation, Perceived Motivational Climate, Perceived Ability, Competitive State Anxiety and Coping Strategies Among Basketball Players Abstract The purpose of this study was three-fold. First, to examine the gender differences on goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, perceived ability, state anxiety, and coping strategies. Second, to examine the relationships between goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, perceived ability, state anxiety, and coping strategies. Third, to examine the predictive utility of goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, perceived ability on state anxiety and coping strategies. Two hundred and eighty-six (172 males and 114 females) high school basketball players who competed in the 2001 HBL Game were recruited as participants. Their average age was 16.74± 89 years. Participants were asked to complete TEOSQ, PMCSQ, MPS, Perceived Competence Inventory, and Coping Style Inventory for Athletes before the competition. Participants were also requested to fill out Pre-competitive State Anxiety Scale one hour before the competition. The results of this study indicated that: (1) The t-test analysis showed that male players scored higher on goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, perceived ability, cognitive anxiety, confidence, and “problem-focus” than female players. (2) The results of Pearson correlation analysis found that male players’ cognitive anxiety was negatively related to perceived ego-involved climate and was positively related to perceived ability. Male players’ somatic anxiety was positively related to task orientation and perceived ability. of Male players’ somatic anxiety was negatively related to perceived ability. Both male and female players’ direction of somatic anxiety were positively related to perceived ability. Male players’ self-confidence was positively related to task orientation, perceived task-climate, and perceived ability. On the other hand, female players’ self-confidence was positively related to perceived ego-involved climate and perceived ability. Male players’ task orientation, perceived task-involved climate and perceived ability were positively related to direction of self-confidence. On the other hand, female players’ perceived task-involved climate and perceived ability were positively related to direction of self-confidence. Male players’ task orientation, ego orientation, perceived task-involved climate, perceived ego-involved climate, and perceived ability were positively related to “problem-focus”. Male players’ task orientation, ego-orientation, and perceived ability were positively related to “emotion-focus”. Female players’ perceived task-involved climate and perceived ability were positively related to “emotion-focus”. Male players’ perceived ego-involved climate was positively related to “avoidance”. (3) The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that: Male players’ perceived ability and perceived ego-involved climate predicted intensity of cognitive anxiety. Male players’ direction of cognitive anxiety was predicted by perceived ability and ego orientation. Male players’ perceived ability and perceived ego-involved climate predicted somatic anxiety effectively. Both male and female players’ perceived ability predicted the direction of somatic anxiety effectively. Male players’ perceived ability and perceived task-involved climate predicted self-confidence effectively. On the other hand, female players’ perceived ability, perceived ego-involved climate and perceived task-involved climate could predict self-confidence effectively. Male players’ perceived ability, perceived self-climate and task orientation could predict the direction of self-confidence effectively. Female players’ direction of self-confidence was predicted by perceived ability and perceived task-involved climate. Male players’ perceived ability, perceived task-climate, and task orientation could predict the strategy of effectively. On the other hand, female players’ perceived ability and perceived task-involved climate could predict “problem-focus” coping strategy effectively. Male players’ emotion-focus coping strategy was predicted by task orientation and perceived task-involved climate. Female players’ emotion-focus coping strategy was predicted by perceived task-involved climate and perceived ability. Male players’ perceived ego-involved climate predicted avoidance coping strategy effectively.

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Vasconcellos, Filipa Sttau Monteiro Perestrello de. "Segurança alimentar, degradação ambiental e estratégias de coping: Um estudo de caso no chão Joola/Felupe (Guiné-Bissau)." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3890.

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Esta tese tem como objectivo o estudo dos efeitos das alterações climáticas e da degradação ambiental sobre a segurança alimentar de uma comunidade específica no chão Felupe, noroeste da Guiné-Bissau, mais precisamente a aldeia de Suzana que se situa no sector de S. Domingos, região de Cacheu. A população Joola/felupe tem como principal actividade produtiva desde tempos imemoriais, o cultivo de arroz feito sobretudo em bolanha salgada. Este cultivo não só é crucial para a segurança alimentar da população que depende dele para se alimentar, como tem um papel estrutural na organização social, económica, política, religiosa e simbólica do povo. O arroz e o trabalho nos arrozais (bolanhas) são dominantes em todos os aspectos da vida Felupe, sejam eles de carácter material ou religioso, mas assiste-se actualmente ao recurso por parte dos agricultores ao cultivo de outros produtos, sobretudo hortículas, na tentativa de minimizar os danos causados pela redução da produção orizícola. Estes produtos são depois vendidos geralmente aos senegaleses e o produto da venda retorna para a compra de arroz importado da China e do Vietname. Este arroz destina-se somente ao consumo e nunca é utilizado em cerimónias religiosas ou iniciações. O efeito das alterações climáticas, sobretudo a queda da precipitação em conjunto com a deterioração do ambiente coloca esta população em risco de insegurança alimentar. As questões que me coloco são as de compreender as alterações climáticas e o tipo de degradação ambiental a que a população de Suzana está sujeita, quais os seus efeitos na produção de arroz e nos consequentes valores sociais, qual a percepção que os habitantes da aldeia têm das alterações e dos riscos que delas advêm e o que fazem as pessoas e a comunidade para se protegerem desses riscos, de que forma se adaptam e que estratégias de coping utilizam. This thesis intends to study the effects of climate change and environmental degradation on the food security of a particular community in the Felupe ground in the northwest of Guinea-Bissau, specifically the village of Suzana located in the area of S. Domingos in the Cacheu Region. The Joola / felupe population main production activity is, since immemorial times, the growth of rice in mangrove areas. This culture is not only critical for the population’s food security; it has also a structural role in social, economic, political, religious and symbolic organization of society. Growing rice and working in the rice paddies are prevalent in all material and religious concerns but nowadays farmers are starting to grow other products in an attempt to minimize the damage caused by the reduction in paddy production. These products are then usually sold to the Senegalese and the money reverts to the purchase of imported rice from China and Vietnam. This imported rice is intended only for consumption and is never used in religious ceremonies or initiations. The effect of climate change, particularly the decrease in precipitation together with the deterioration of the environment puts this population at risk of food insecurity. What I try to understand by making this thesis is the kind of climate change and environmental degradation occurs in Suzana, its effects on rice production and social values and perceptions, how people adapt and which strategies they use to protect themselves against these risks.

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Lemma, Weldlul Ayalew. "Analysis of smallholder farmers' perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies to climate change : the case of Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22158.

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Ethiopia is an agrarian country dominated by subsistence farming which is highly vulnerable to climate change. This study was therefore carried out to assess smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies followed to prevent vulnerability to climate change in the Medium and Upper highlands of the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Data was collected from 300 sample smallholder farmers using questionnaire, key informant interviews, and Focus Group discussions with farmers and experts. The survey result showed that households differ in terms of asset endowments, vulnerability, and coping and adaptation capability to climate change. About 87.3% noticed climatic change and their perception of climatic variable attributes indicated about 75% felt a decline in the amount of rainfall, 52.6% stated early onset, about 66.6 % showed late on set, 84% expressed poor distribution of rainfall, high temperature (83.7%) and desiccating wind (52.7%). The major adaptation strategies employed by the majority of small holder farmers included enhancing traditional irrigation, use of drought tolerant and early maturing varieties, converting farm land to tree growing and relay cropping immediately after harvesting. The coping strategies to climate variability are largely related to migrating to urban areas, engaging in daily work, selling of fuel wood and asset while mitigation measures have focused on ecosystem rehabilitation. “Multi Nominal Logit” (MNL) model analysis indicated gender, education, off farm activity, farm size, ownership of oxen, farmer to farmer extension, access to credit and information on climate change as determinants of adaptation to climate change and variability. Institutional support to farmers’ efforts to adapt to climate change is generally weak. The overall analysis leads to conclude that despite the presence of awareness on climate change and its likely impacts on livelihoods of the smallholder farmer, development intervention at local level are not systematically designed to address the problems of the resource poor farmers and environmental challenges. In the immediate future there is an urgent need to capitalize on existing awareness, document, package and disseminate successful adaptation interventions to farmers. As a long term solution it is recommended that institutions in charge of climate change need to develop a national drought and climate change management strategic plan with full accountability to facilitate ecosystem development, resilience against climate change and ultimately improvements in the livelihood of farmers. Such interventions could potentially be achieved by taking practical measures on policy support and Institutional building for climate change, knowledge management on adaptation to climate change, filling technological gaps related to agriculture including livestock husbandry in the context of climate change, applying innovative local level participatory land use planning and promoting livelihood diversification initiatives that could enable small holder farmers create assets to enhance their livelihoods. Environmental Sciences D. Phil. (Environment Management)

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Liu, Chia-Lun, and 劉嘉倫. "The Relationships of Goal Orientation, Perceive Ability and Perceived Motivational Climate to Appraisals of Control and Coping Strategies among Elite Soccer Players." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88255204997434808777.

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碩士 國立體育學院 教練研究所 92 Abstract .The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of elite soccer players’ appraisals of control and coping strategies by using the framework of Lzazrus and Folkman’s (1984) stress and coping theory and achievement goal theory (Nicholls, 1984) Participants were 210 elite soccer players (males＝138, females＝81) recruited from 7 men’s and 6 women’s soccer teams. The average age of participants was 19.48±3.50 years. After receiving the informed consent, participants were requested to complete inventories assess their goal orientation, perception of motivational climate, perceive ability, appraisal of control, and cope strategies. The results indicate that (1) perceive ability were significantly predicated by task orientation and both mastery and performance climate.(2) predicting appraisal of control were significantly by perceived ability and mastery climate.(3)「problem focus」coping strategy was significantly predicting by appraisal of control.(4)「emotion focus」coping strategy was significantly predicting by appraisal of control、ego orientation and both mastery and performance climate.(5)「avoidance」coping strategy was predicting by ego orientation and performance climate.(6) The path analysis indicated that perceived ability played as an important mediator in terms of goal orientation and perceptions of motivational climate predicting appraisal of control. In turn, appraisal of control positively predicted 「problem focus」and「emotion focus」coping strategies. In addition, perception of mastery climate had direct effect on appraisal control. Ego orientation, perception both of mastery and performance climate and appraisal of control had direct effects on「emotion focus」 coping strategies. Ego orientation and perception performance climate positively predicted「avoidance」coping strategies. According to the results and discussion, the practical application and future research suggestions are provided. Key words: appraisal of control, Goal orientation, coping strategies, Perception motivation climate, Path analysis

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Hsin, Huang Shu, and 黃淑馨. "Stress of Accessing to Senior High, Coping Behavior, Health and Classroom Climate for Students Joining " No-Exam Trial Program" ---A Case Study of Taipei City---." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45872487904973222602.

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Yang, Li-Chiang, and 楊立強. "On the Impacts and Coping of the Extreme Climate Change on Taiwan''s Security: The Case of Disaster Reduction of Military of R.O.C." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05220300492896643867.

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碩士 淡江大學 國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班 100 The purpose of "On the Impacts and Coping of the Extreme Climate Change on Taiwan''s Security: The Case of Disaster Reduction of Military of R.O.C." is a research for discussing a fittest way to responde crises which are brought by extreme climate change.　Extreme Climate Change is a rapid and severe change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over a short periods of time such as a few decades to centuries. The main references came from records and theories of environmental history. According to historical records, many civilizaitons had been destoryed by extreme climate changes such as global warming or cooling processes. The methodology is based on those findings and results of qualitative researchs of the studies of environmental history. In many cases, extreme climate change is a synonym of global warming rather than global cooling. The research contents includes the reasons and influences of extreme climate change in Taiwan. Today, one of reasons of global warming might be human activities such as adding green house gases to the atomosphere faster than natural processes can reduce them. Extreme Climate Change can bring many severe and fatal damages to a nation and it is an obvious threat of national security. The most practical policy responses to global warming by adaptation to its effects in Taiwan because disasters that came with extreme climate change is unavoidable. One way of adaption is to increase strength of disaster reduction system which is one of military operations other than war (MOOTW) of armed forces in many countries, include Taiwan. For the national security of the Republic of China, it needs to construct the role and conditions of the armed forces during a construction of effective disaster deduction system in front of crises and damages which came from extreme climate change.

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Oft, Philine [Verfasser]. "Can resilience be built through micro-finance tools? : a case study of coping and adaptation strategies to climate related shocks in Piura, Peru / vorgelegt von Philine Oft." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995406812/34.

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LeeHim, Renée. "School Teachers’ Knowledge and Self-Efficacy for Performing Behaviors Recommended for Work with Diverse Students: Exploring Microaggressions, Cultural Humility, Perceived Racism, and Coping as Predictors of School Climate." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-yjg4-vk43.

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There is a need for professional development for teachers that equips them for working with diverse students and creating supportive school climates. This pilot study (N=55) with K-12 teachers sought to identify predictors of a high school climate rating. The teachers were 78.2% (N=43) female, 81.8% U.S. born (N=45), 45.5% White (N=25), 30.9% Black (N=17), 14.5% Latinx (N=8), and 7.3% Asian (N=3). The teachers had moderately high knowledge and closest to moderately high self-efficacy for performing key behaviors deemed essential for working effectively with diverse students. Teachers reported experiencing (pre-pandemic) a school climate closest to moderately supporting, engaging, valuing, fairly disciplining, affirming, reflecting empathy for, and serving as a safe space for students from varied cultural backgrounds. Findings showed that about half the teachers or more had any experience of microaggressions that seemed related to their personal demographics or appearance while in school settings—pre-pandemic. Further, about three-quarters of teachers or more had any experience of witnessing microaggressions happening to students in school settings, pre-pandemic.

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Mmbadi, Elelwani. "Water security in rural Limpopo in a changing climate: A study of the Greater-Giyani Local Municipality, South Africa." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1492.

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MENVSC Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences Many rural communities of South Africa are living without adequate water supplies mainly due to historical lack of infrastructure and effective water reticulation systems. Day to day challenges of accessing water from distant boreholes and rivers are a reality particularly for women and children in rural Limpopo. This study investigates the nature and extent of water supply problems and how communities are living without adequate water in three rural communities of Greater-Giyani Local Municipality in South Africa. The study area lies in a semi-arid region which regularly experiences climate extremes such as droughts and floods which can reduce the ability of the municipality to supply water. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, key informant interviews and field observations while population, climate and hydrological data are also analyzed. A mixed methods research design was employed using qualitative methods such as content analysis whilst quantitative methods were dominated by time series analysis techniques and online interactive climate platforms such as the Climate Engine. It was found that households, schools and clinics in the study area rely mainly on boreholes for water supply but sometimes rivers supply those living nearby. An incomplete and poor water reticulation system coupled with erratic and shortening summer rainfall seasons are some of the major causes of water shortages in the study area. In order to cope with inadequate water, community members and public institutions in the study area have drilled boreholes and the sustainability of groundwater in the area is not well established. During summer, most households and institutions practise rainwater harvesting while a few resort to purchasing water from vendors. Despite these challenges which are not well documented, it was concluded that most of the rural poor households and institutions in the study area are well adapted to cope with water scarcity in the short term, while being vulnerable in the long term due to population growth and climate change. The study recommends the need for government and municipalities to invest in water reticulation systems in the long term whilst providing water to affected rural communities through water tankers, drilling more boreholes and maintenance of existing ones. Lessons learnt from this study may be useful to other municipalities across South Africa that are grappling with challenges of water access and supply. NRF

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Laneiro, Tito. "Climas organizacionais autentizóticos, estratégias de coping, equipas de elevado: desempenho e experiência óptima." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11144/228.

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Os dois estudos que compõem esta tese tiveram por pressuposto que o trabalho nas organizações é efectuado maioritariamente em grupos de trabalho - considerados Equipas quando evoluem para um desempenho óptimo - tornando-se distintivas para a eficácia organizacional e para o bem-estar e realização dos colaboradores, especialmente se estes entrarem em estado de fluxo. O Estudo 1 teve como objectivo principal construir e desenvolver uma escala que pretendia aceder à relação óptima em equipa (EROE). A literatura apresenta que o fluxo pode 1) ser composto por um factor de primeira ordem; 2) ser constituído por nove factores independentes, em que cada item se correlaciona apenas com um factor; 3) ter cada item associado com um dos nove factores de primeira ordem, que por sua vez estão correlacionados com um factor de ordem superior. Questionámo-nos também se o constructo de fluxo poderia ser constituído por nove factores interdependentes no trabalho em equipa. A EROE é composta por 36 itens, (4 itens por dimensão) sendo respondida numa escala tipo Likert de 5 pontos. A amostra era composta por 635 participantes de várias zonas de Portugal, trabalhadores de diversas áreas de actividade. Após a recolha dos dados, efectuou-se o tratamento estatístico através dos programas SPSS 17 e AMOS 18, verificando-se que o modelo que mais se adequava para explicar o constructo era o composto por 9 factores interdependentes. Esta variação foi compreendida a partir de três perspectivas: 1) a EROE visa o contexto organizacional, e não o desportivo; 2) a dinâmica do trabalho em equipa numa organização é mais interdependente que no desporto individual (possivelmente uma forte explicação para a interdependência dos 9 factores); 3) a amostra portuguesa possui diferenças culturais significativas de outras onde foram efectuados estudos anteriores. Complementa-se esta tese com o Estudo 2 que ultrapassando algumas limitações empíricas, valida os resultados encontrados no Estudo 1, ou seja que o constructo de relação óptima no trabalho em equipa era composto por 9 factores interdependentes na nossa amostra de 104 participantes. O segundo estudo realizou-se em ambiente controlado num jogo de gestão logística denominado 24 Horas de Logística, no qual os participantes evoluíam em equipas competindo por alcançar os melhores resultados, traduzidos em pontos obtidos nas várias actividades que simulavam situações de gestão. Objectivou-se 1) analisar a forma como um clima organizacional positivo influenciava o desempenho da equipa, o fluxo e as estratégias de coping. 2) avaliar se estes últimos constructos influenciavam ou mediavam o desempenho. 3) analisar a possível influência das estratégias de coping no fluxo em equipa. Conclui-se haver uma influência positiva do clima organizacional testado, no fluxo do trabalho em equipa e uma influência negativa das estratégias de coping menos adaptativas no desempenho, bem como se detectou que existiam dimensões das estratégias de coping mais adaptativos na relação óptima do trabalho em equipa.

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Laneiro, Tito Rosa. "Climas organizacionais autentizóticos, estratégias de coping, equipas de elevado desempenho e experiência óptima." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/2999.

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Tese de dout., Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2011 Os dois estudos que compõem esta tese tiveram por pressuposto que o trabalho nas organizações é efectuado maioritariamente em grupos de trabalho - considerados Equipas quando evoluem para um desempenho óptimo - tornando-se distintivas para a eficácia organizacional e para o bem-estar e realização dos colaboradores, especialmente se estes entrarem em estado de fluxo. O Estudo 1 teve como objectivo principal construir e desenvolver uma escala que pretendia aceder à relação óptima em equipa (EROE). A literatura apresenta que o fluxo pode 1) ser composto por um factor de primeira ordem; 2) ser constituído por nove factores independentes, em que cada item se correlaciona apenas com um factor; 3) ter cada item associado com um dos nove factores de primeira ordem, que por sua vez estão correlacionados com um factor de ordem superior. Questionámo-nos também se o constructo de fluxo poderia ser constituído por nove factores interdependentes no trabalho em equipa. A EROE é composta por 36 itens, (4 itens por dimensão) sendo respondida numa escala tipo Likert de 5 pontos. A amostra era composta por 635 participantes de várias zonas de Portugal, trabalhadores de diversas áreas de actividade. Após a recolha dos dados, efectuou-se o tratamento estatístico através dos programas SPSS 17 e AMOS 18, verificando-se que o modelo que mais se adequava para explicar o constructo era o composto por 9 factores interdependentes. Esta variação foi compreendida a partir de três perspectivas: 1) a EROE visa o contexto organizacional, e não o desportivo; 2) a dinâmica do trabalho em equipa numa organização é mais interdependente que no desporto individual (possivelmente uma forte explicação para a interdependência dos 9 factores); 3) a amostra portuguesa possui diferenças culturais significativas de outras onde foram efectuados estudos anteriores. Complementa-se esta tese com o Estudo 2 que ultrapassando algumas limitações empíricas, valida os resultados encontrados no Estudo 1, ou seja que o constructo de relação óptima no trabalho em equipa era composto por 9 factores interdependentes na nossa amostra de 104 participantes. O segundo estudo realizou-se em ambiente controlado num jogo de gestão logística denominado 24 Horas de Logística, no qual os participantes evoluíam em equipas competindo por alcançar os melhores resultados, traduzidos em pontos obtidos nas várias actividades que simulavam situações de gestão. Objectivou-se 1) analisar a forma como um clima organizacional positivo influenciava o desempenho da equipa, o fluxo e as estratégias de coping. 2) avaliar se estes últimos constructos influenciavam ou mediavam o desempenho. 3) analisar a possível influência das estratégias de coping no fluxo em equipa. Conclui-se haver uma influência positiva do clima organizacional testado, no fluxo do trabalho em equipa e uma influência negativa das estratégias de coping menos adaptativas no desempenho, bem como se detectou que existiam dimensões das estratégias de coping mais adaptativos na relação óptima do trabalho em equipa.

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Chang, Li-Chi, and 張麗琪. "A Study on the Relations among Junior and Senior High School ClimateS, Tutors’ Job Stress and Their Coping Strategies." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94601719912198192995.

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碩士 國立彰化師範大學 教育研究所 88 The purposes of this study were to explore the influence of tutors’ demographic variables on consciousness of leadership behaviors of principals, school climates, and the coping strategies related to their job stress; to analyze the influence of and interaction of leadership behaviors of principals and school climates on tutors’ job stress; to explore the influence of and interaction of leadership behaviors of principals, school climates and tutors’ job stress on their coping strategies and to analyze the main predictive factors of tutors’ job stress and coping strategies. The subjects were 617 tutors drawing from senior and junior high schools in Taiwan. The instruments included Leadership Behaviors of Principals Scale, School Climates Scale, Job Stress Scale, Coping Strategies Scale. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic methods, including Frequencies, t-test, ANOVA, Step-wise Multiple Regression. The major finding were as follows: 1.There were significant differences existed among the variables of tutors’ teaching level on school climates. 2.Significant differences existed among the variables of tutors’ gender on school climates and coping strategies. 3.There were significant differences existed among the variables of tutors’ marital status on job stress and coping strategies. 4.There were significant differences existed among the variables of tutors’ seniority on job stress, coping strategies and feeling toward leadership behaviors of principals. 5.There were significant differences existed among the variables of tutors’ academics degree on job stress and coping strategies. 6.No significant interaction was found among groups of variables of leadership behaviors of principals and school climates on tutors’ job stress. 7.No significant interaction existed among groups of variables of leadership behaviors of principals, school climates and tutors’ job stress on coping strategies. 8.The variables of school climates, seniority, personal orientation, teaching stages and academics degree could significantly predict the job stress. 9.The variables of school climates, academics degree and personal orientation could significantly predict the problem-solving strategies. 10.The variables of school climates, seniority, academics degree, job stress and personal orientation could significantly predict the inner-adaptive strategies. 11.The variables of school climates, gender, personal orientation and academics degree could significantly predict the support- searching strategy. 12.The best predictor for the variables of escape strategy were marital status, job stress, school climate and gender. According to research conclusions, this study provided some suggestions for educational administration, principals, tutors and future study.

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Gosselin, Sabrina. "Relations entre le programme de promotion des habiletés d’adaptation pour les enfants de 6-7 ans "Les amis de Zippy" et le climat de classe." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4431.

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Le programme d’enseignement des habiletés d’adaptation Les amis de Zippy vise la promotion de la santé mentale des élèves du premier cycle du primaire. La présente étude est une analyse secondaire réalisée à partir des données d’évaluation des effets du programme. L’objectif général vérifie si l’appartenance au groupe d’intervention est associée à une meilleure qualité du climat relationnel de classe à la fin de l’année scolaire, tel que perçu par les enseignants, tout en contrôlant pour la qualité du climat avant la réalisation du programme. La qualité du climat correspond aux relations entre les élèves et aux relations entre les élèves et l’enseignant. L’effet modérateur de la gestion de comportements et les pratiques pédagogiques est aussi analysé. L’échantillon est constitué de 35 enseignants auto-sélectionnés, répartis entre deux groupes non aléatoires. Les échelles suivantes du QES pour le primaire, version enseignant, sont utilisées : relations entre les élèves, relations entre les élèves et les enseignants, gestion des comportements et pratiques pédagogiques. Les résultats, obtenus grâce à des régressions linéaires multiples, montrent que généralement, l’appartenance au groupe n’explique pas significativement la qualité du climat de classe. Cependant, un effet d’interaction entre le climat de classe et la gestion de comportements est identifié. Lorsque les enseignants gèrent plus difficilement leur classe, le programme Les amis de Zippy est associé à un climat relationnel entre les élèves et l’enseignant moins favorable que dans le groupe témoin. Puisque ces résultats préliminaires peuvent être attribuables à des variables externes non contrôlées, ils devront être approfondis par des études subséquentes. Les amis de Zippy teaching program for coping skills aims to promote mental health in junior elementary students. This study is a secondary analysis done with data derived from the program evaluation. The general goal is to verify if belongingness to the intervention group is linked to a better class relational climate at the end of the school year, as perceived by the teachers, while controlling for the class relational climate before the implantation of the program. The class relational climate refers to the relationships between the students and the relationship between the students and the teacher. The moderating effects of behaviors management and educational practices are analyzed as well. The sample is composed of 35 self-selected teachers no randomly separated into two groups. The following scales from the elementary school QES, teacher’s version, were used: relationships between the students, relationship between the students and the teacher, behaviors management and educational practices. Multiple linear regressions revealed that, generally, group belongingness does not significantly explain the quality of the class relational climate. However, an interaction effect with behaviors management is identified. When teachers have a hard time managing their class, the Les amis de Zippy program is associated with a less favorable relational climate between the students and the teacher then in the comparison group. However, these preliminary results need to be studied more thoroughly because they may be due to uncontrolled external variables.

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Berze, Ottilia E. "Assessing foresight to advance management of complex global problems." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/10713.

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Many people do not like thinking about the future. If they do, over 50% of Canadians think “our way of life” (p. 7) will end within 100 years and over 80% of Canadians think “we need to change our worldview and way of life if we are to create a better future for the world” (Randle & Eckersley, 2015, p. 9). There is a good reason for this. Alarms have sounded over global urgent complex problems with potential for catastrophic consequences such as the development of artificial intelligence, climate change, mass extinction, nuclear war and pandemics (Marien & Halal, 2011). Society is also increasingly fragmenting as imminent crises build on lack of understanding, the sense of incapacity to act, fear, distrust, blame and a lack of hope. This struggle for humanity’s survival is complicated by the turbulent global environment in which institutions continue to follow path-dependent trajectories set forth in a different time and context. Governments at various levels face a problem of “fit” between current structures and processes, that have not progressed sufficiently to meet changing needs of a global society mired in complexity and governance challenges. However, hope exists. Incremental progress on many fronts and a massive amount of efforts and resources are being engaged worldwide. There are emerging fields, lenses and tools that can potentially alleviate complex problems and address this emergency. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand and assess dialogue-based foresight practices being applied towards complex problems in Canada to provide insights into how these practices can assist society to alleviate global urgent complex problems and their impacts, within this backdrop of looming crises. Foresight, alternatively known as future studies or scenario-building, is a forward-looking practice recognized and used globally with over 100 research organizations focused on foresight, widespread usage by firms and over 18 countries involved in foresight activities (Berze, 2014b). Overall literature findings suggest foresight is widely and at least incrementally effective with a number of impacts in various areas (Calof, Miller, & Jackson, 2012; March, Therond, & Leenhardt, 2012; Meissner, Gokhberg, & Sokolov, 2013) but the extent of this effectiveness, the mechanisms involved, and the specific foresight benefits per type of project needs further research and evidence. For instance, limited literature exists on whether foresight can transform complex situations and if so, under what conditions. Thus, opportunities exist for assessing and increasing foresight’s impact. This dissertation is a contextualized, systematic empirical study that taps into transdisciplinary literature and practice, case studies of how foresight has been used to address specific types of complex problems in Canada, as well as surveys and interviews with foresight experts and participants. This dissertation uses a foresight community scan and a comparative case study approach to provide practical and theoretical benefits to foresight and complex problem area stakeholders. The research focuses on studying the broad interactions of foresight and identifying the impacts of dialogue-based foresight projects on people and the outcomes of complex problems. The dissertation concludes that dialogue-based foresight is a valuable and unique practice for ameliorating complex problems and their consequences. Insights are offered towards dialogue-based foresight’s potential contributions within the context of other efforts directed at humanity’s struggle for survival and global complex problems. These insights can then foster the further development and application of dialogue-based foresight on a global scale to alleviate complex problems and their effects. The dissertation outlines recommendations on key next steps to realize these potential contributions. Graduate

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