Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Code non sûr.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Code non sûr“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Code non sûr" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Parent, Colette, and Chris Bruckert. "Les travailleuses du sexe et la vie économique : marginalisation et résistance." Criminologie 43, no. 2 (2011): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1001775ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Adoptant une approche du travail du sexe comme forme de travail dans le domaine des services, cet article explore comment les travailleuses du sexe, malgré leur autodéfinition comme travailleuses et consommatrices, sont maintenues en marge de la vie économique. Il met en relief les différentes stratégies qui nuisent à leurs activités génératrices de revenu, qu’elles optent ou non pour la rue comme espace de travail. Il explore aussi les résistances et plus particulièrement les stratégies d’évitement qu’elles déploient pour contrer ces tentatives de marginalisation dans le cadre de leur travail et leurs activités de consommation (obtention de carte de crédit, hypothèques, location d’appartement, etc.). En conclusion, il met en évidence le poids de lois sur la trajectoire professionnelle de ces femmes. Les dispositions du Code criminel ont bien sûr un impact majeur sur celle-ci, mais à l’examen, nombre d’autres législations affectent leurs possibilités de se définir comme des travailleuses à part entière.
2
Diesse, François. "La situation juridique de l’enfant à naître en droit français : entre pile et face." Question d’actualité en droit de la famille comparé 30, no. 4 (2014): 607–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027762ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Traditionnellement enfermé depuis le droit romain dans une fiction juridique qui fait de lui un être (humain!) à la fois juridiquement inexistant, faute de personnalité juridique, et paradoxalement apte à acquérir des droits, le sort de l’enfant conçu fait l’objet, en doctrine comme en jurisprudence, d’un chassé-croisé perpétuel entre catégories juridiques différentes et opposées. Face aux apories juridiques qu’engendre une telle situation et au traitement pour le moins « dégradant et inhumain » infligé à cet être au commencement de sa vie humaine, le présent article propose modestement, après une synthèse des différentes théories en discussion, que notre droit dirige son regard, non plus vers le passé de notre système juridique, mais vers le « devenir » de l’enfant à naître en lui conférant un statut : quitte, à l’instar des articles 725 et 906 du Code civil qui suspendent jusqu’à la naissance l’effectivité des droits acquis par l’enfant conçu, à atténuer les effets de l’éventuelle personnalité juridique à lui reconnue; quitte aussi à revisiter le sens et la portée des concepts traditionnels. Pour sûr, l’éternel silence du législateur sur cette question remet en cause les vertus et la cohérence de notre système juridique en ouvrant, qui plus est, la voie à la division de la jurisprudence et au déchirement de la doctrine partagée entre les conceptions puristes, voire intransigeantes, et humanistes de notre droit.
3
Fan, Zeng, John Rudlin, Giorgos Asfis, and Hongying Meng. "Convolution of Barker and Golay Codes for Low Voltage Ultrasonic Testing." Technologies 7, no. 4 (2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7040072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is one of the most important technologies in Non-Detective Testing (NDT) methods. Recently, Barker code and Golay code pairs as coded excitation signals have been applied in ultrasound imaging system with improved quality. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of existing UT system based on Barker code or Golay code can be influenced under high high attenuation materials or noisy conditions. In this paper, we apply the convolution of Barker and Golay codes as coded excitation signals for low voltage UT devices that combines the advantages of Barker code and Golay code together. There is no need to change the hardware of UT system in this method. The proposed method has been analyzed theoretically and then in extensive simulations. The experimental results demonstrated that the main lobe level of the code produced by convolution of Barker code and Golay code pairs is much higher than the simple pulse and the main lobe of the combined code is higher than the traditional Barker code, sidelobe is the same as the baker code that constitutes this combined code. So the peak sidelobe level (PSL) of the combined code is lower than the traditional Barker code. Equipped with this, UT devices can be applied in low voltage situations.
4
Fan, Zeng, Xudong Niu, Baichun Miao, and Hongying Meng. "Hybrid Coded Excitation of the Torsional Guided Wave Mode T(0,1) for Oil and Gas Pipeline Inspection." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020777.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ultrasonic guided wave testing is an essential technique in non-destructive testing for structural integrity of oil and gas pipelines. This technique, based on the pulse-echo method, is often used for the long-range detection of pipelines at any location. However, guided waves suffer from high attenuation when they propagate in attenuative material structures and multiple wave modes due to the excitation, which reduces the power of echo signals and induces corruption caused by coherent noise. In this paper, a developed hybrid coded excitation method that uses the convolution of a Barker code and Golay code pair is proposed and applied for an ultrasonic guided wave testing system to excite the torsional guided wave mode T(0,1) in a steel pipe. The proposed method combines the advantages of these two coding methods and increases the flexibility of code lengths. The performance is evaluated by signal to noise ratio and peak sidelobe level of the processed signal. Both theoretical simulations and experiments have investigated using the proposed codes composed of Barker codes and Golay code pairs of different lengths and combinations. The experimental results show the significant improvement of the signal to noise ratio and the peak sidelobe level due to the proposed hybrid code usage for the excitation of guided waves. The values are further improved to around 32 dB and around −24 dB, respectively. Overall, the proposed hybrid coded method for improving the echo SNR can benefit from guided wave testing to reduce coherent and random noise levels and many other potential applications.
5
Jasne, Adam S., Pola Chojecka, Ilavarasy Maran, et al. "Stroke Code Presentations, Interventions, and Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Stroke 51, no. 9 (2020): 2664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.0000000000000347.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background: Anecdotal reports suggest fewer patients with stroke symptoms are presenting to hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We quantify trends in stroke code calls and treatments at 3 Connecticut hospitals during the local emergence of COVID-19 and examine patient characteristics and stroke process measures at a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) before and during the pandemic. Methods: Stroke code activity was analyzed from January 1 to April 28, 2020, and corresponding dates in 2019. Piecewise linear regression and spline models identified when stroke codes in 2020 began to decline and when they fell below 2019 levels. Patient-level data were analyzed in February versus March and April 2020 at the CSC to identify differences in patient characteristics during the pandemic. Results: A total of 822 stroke codes were activated at 3 hospitals from January 1 to April 28, 2020. The number of stroke codes/wk decreased by 12.8/wk from February 18 to March 16 ( P =0.0360) with nadir of 39.6% of expected stroke codes called from March 10 to 16 (30% decrease in total stroke codes during the pandemic weeks in 2020 versus 2019). There was no commensurate increase in within-network telestroke utilization. Compared with before the pandemic (n=167), pandemic-epoch stroke code patients at the CSC (n=211) were more likely to have histories of hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and substance abuse; no or public health insurance; lower median household income; and to live in the CSC city ( P <0.05). There was no difference in age, sex, race/ethnicity, stroke severity, time to presentation, door-to-needle/door-to-reperfusion times, or discharge modified Rankin Scale. Conclusions: Hospital presentation for stroke-like symptoms decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, without differences in stroke severity or early outcomes. Individuals living outside of the CSC city were less likely to present for stroke codes at the CSC during the pandemic. Public health initiatives to increase awareness of presenting for non-COVID-19 medical emergencies such as stroke during the pandemic are critical.
6
Cruel, Louis. "Le code non écrit des jurés populaires." Tocqueville Review 18, no. 2 (1997): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.18.2.71.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ce serait singulièrement rétrécir sa pensée que de se borner à envisager le jury comme une institution judiciaire ; car s'il exerce une grande influence sur le sort du procès, il en exerce une bien plus grande encore sur les destinées mêmes de la société.
7
Han, Changcai, Hui Li, and Weigang Chen. "Minimum Distance Optimization with Chord Edge Growth for High Girth Non-Binary LDPC Codes." Electronics 9, no. 12 (2020): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Short or moderate-length non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes have the potential applications in future low latency and high-reliability communication thanks to the strong error correction capability and parallel decoding. Because of the existence of the error floor, the NB-LDPC codes usually cannot satisfy very low bit error rate (BER) requirements. In this paper, a low-complexity method is proposed for optimizing the minimum distance of the NB-LDPC code in a progressive chord edge growth manner. Specifically, each chord edge connecting two non-adjacent vertices is added to the Hamiltonian cycle one-by-one. For each newly added chord edge, the configuration of non-zero entries corresponding to the chord edge is determined according to the so-called full rank condition (FRC) of all cycles that are related to the chord edge in the obtained subgraph. With minor modifications to the designed method, it can be used to construct the NB-LDPC codes with an efficient encoding structure. The analysis results show that the method for designing NB-LDPC codes while using progressive chord edge growth has lower complexity than traditional methods. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of the NB-LDPC code in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. While using the proposed scheme, an NB-LDPC code with a quite low BER can be constructed with extremely low complexity.
8
Bardini, Thierry. "Variations sur l’insignifiant génétique : les métaphores du (non-)code." Hors dossier, no. 3 (August 9, 2011): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005473ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cet article examine l’histoire de la biologie moléculaire à partir d’une perspective sémiotique sur la métaphore du « code génétique ». Celle-ci est considérée comme la catachrèse centrale d’un réseau métaphorique cybernétique développé depuis la naissance de la discipline dans les années 1950. En suivant la perspective de Paul Ricoeur, l’auteur suggère que la métaphore du « code génétique » peut produire une vérité scientifique et philosophique contre l’illusion référentielle. Cet argument est analysé à partir de la description de la partie non codante de l’ADN, entendue comme le résidu d’une métaphore qui considère l’ADN comme le médium d’un s-code, mais aussi comme l’objet d’un effet de réel/récit. Seule une multimodalité de référence pour la métaphore du code génétique pourrait rouvrir le champ de la découverte sur ces 97 % de l’ADN tenus par la métaphore cybernétique originelle comme des « détails insignifiants ».
9
Nindyasari, Ratih. "METODE NON- HEURISTIC UNTUK DETEKSI REFACTORING NON-SOURCE CODE (SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW)." Simetris : Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 6, no. 2 (2015): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v6i2.473.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
ABSTRAK Refactoring perangat lunak merupakan sebuah teknik untuk mentransformasi struktur internal perangkat lunak tanpa merubah fungsionalitas perangkat lunak itu sendiri. Refactoring termasuk dalam bentuk evolusi perangkat lunak, dimana hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas perangkat lunak itu sendiri setelah perangkat lunak mengalami perbaikan, modifikasi, penambahan dan aktivitas perubahan lainnya dalam masa hidupnya. Tujuan penulisan pada paper kali ini adalah untuk melakukan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) tentang persoalan deteksi refactoring pada level non-source code yang tergolong pada metode non-heuristic. Dengan dilakukan SLR ini terdapat beberapa teknik seperti clustering, searching, Information Retrieval dan analisis regresi dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi persoalan refactoring pada level non-source code. Dari beberapa teknik-teknik ini masing-masing memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Teknik yang memiliki tingkat komputasi yang tinggi seperti clustering, searching, dan analisis regresi biasanya mampu menghasilkan refactoring yang lebih optimal dan menyeluruh dibandingkan dengan teknik lainnya seperti NLP dan teknik similaritas. Kata kunci: refactoring, non-source code refactoring, non-heuristic, systematic literature review.
10
Syryjczyk, Jerzy. "Krzywoprzysięstwo w systematyce kanonicznego prawa karnego." Prawo Kanoniczne 34, no. 1-2 (1991): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1991.34.1-2.08.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dans cet article l’auteur s’intéresse au problème de la qualification juridique du parjure dans le droit canon. De nombreaux codes pénaux d’état des XVIIIe et XIXe ss. ont renoncé à la qualification religieuse du parjure au profit de la protection de la vérité, de l’administration de la justice ou de la confiance sociale. Ces opinions n’ont d’ailleurs exercé aucune influence sur l’appréciation religieuse du parjure dans les décisions juridiques (code de droit canon de 1917 et code de droit canon de 1983). Seul le code de droit canon de 1917 a, dans une certaine mesure, renoué le contac avec les codes pénaux d’état qui ont vu dans le parjure judiciaire une action dirigée contre l’administration de la justice. Ce qui a entraîné la distinction qu’on a établie entre le parjure judiciaire et le parjure non judiciaire et le fait qu’on a situé ces délits dans des chapitres distints du droit: le premier dans le droit processif, le second dans le droit pénal. Le code qui est en vigueur depuis 1983 traite tout parjure comme une offense faite à Dieu et le place à juste titre dans le chapitre des délits dirigés contre la religion.
11
Liu, Yanyan, Weigang Chen, Anguo Wang, and Changcai Han. "Combination of High-Order Modulation and Non-Binary LDPC Codes over GF(7) for Non-Linear Satellite Channels." Electronics 8, no. 12 (2019): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121396.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
High-order modulations are necessary to improve the bandwidth efficiency of the satellite communication system. However, the non-linear characteristic of satellite channels limits the application of high-order modulations. In this paper, we propose a new 7-point constellation which is expected to be effectively applied to the satellite communication system, and combine it with non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes over Galois field GF(7) to guarantee the reliability of the data transmission. The exact expression for the average symbol error probability (SEP) of 7-order quadrature amplitude modulation (7-QAM) over the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is derived, and the non-linear distortion over satellite channels is also analyzed. Simulation results reveal that, compared with the traditional 8-order phase-shift keying (8-PSK), the 7-QAM method can achieve about 3 dB gain over the AWGN channel without channel coding at symbol error rate (SER) of 10 - 6 . Moreover, the proposed combined coded modulation scheme also has better SER performance than the NB-LDPC coded 8-PSK modulation scheme over the non-linear satellite channel.
12
Tong, Ling, Qiong He, Alejandra Ortega, et al. "Coded Excitation for Crosstalk Suppression in Multi-line Transmit Beamforming: Simulation Study and Experimental Validation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030486.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
(1) Background: Multi-line transmit (MLT) beamforming has been proposed for fast cardiac ultrasound imaging. While crosstalk between MLT beams could induce artifacts, a Tukey (α = 0.5)-Tukey (α = 0.5) transmit-receive (TT-) apodization can largely—but not completely—suppress this crosstalk. Coded excitation has been proposed for crosstalk suppression, but only for synthetic aperture imaging and multi-focal imaging on linear/convex arrays. The aim of this study was to investigate its (added) value to suppress crosstalk among simultaneously transmitted multi-directional focused beams on a phased array; (2) Methods: One set of two orthogonal Golay codes, as well as one set of two orthogonal chirps, were applied on a two, four, and 6MTL imaging schemes individually. These coded schemes were investigated without and with TT-apodization by both simulation and experiments; and (3) Results: For a 2MLT scheme, without apodization the crosstalk was removed completely using Golay codes, whereas it was only slightly suppressed by chirps. For coded 4MLT and 6MLT schemes, without apodization crosstalk appeared as that of non-apodized 2MLT and 3MLT schemes. TT-apodization was required to suppress the remaining crosstalk. Furthermore, the coded MLT schemes showed better SNR and penetration compared to that of the non-coded ones. (4) Conclusions: The added value of orthogonal coded excitation on MLT crosstalk suppression remains limited, although it could maintain a better SNR.
13
Cerrada, Karine, and Frank Janssen. "De l’applicabilité, des spécificités et de l’utilité d’un code de gouvernance d’entreprise pour les PMe et les TPE : le cas de la Belgique." Revue internationale P.M.E. 19, no. 3-4 (2012): 163–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008506ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Les multiples codes de gouvernance d’entreprise adoptés dans les pays industrialisés ont essentiellement été rédigés à l’intention des sociétés cotées. La recherche s’est également focalisée sur ce type d’entreprises. La Belgique s’est distinguée avec la parution, fin 2005, d’un code de gouvernance d’entreprise destiné aux sociétés non cotées, dont les TPE. L’objectif de cet article est de s’interroger sur l’applicabilité des concepts de gouvernance aux PME et aux TPE, sur la spécificité de leurs besoins et méthodes de gouvernance et, partant, sur l’utilité d’un tel code. Après avoir défini la gouvernance d’entreprise et retracé ses origines, il s’intéressera à la structure de gouvernance propre aux petites entreprises qui pourrait laisser penser que les règles de gouvernance ne sont pas pertinentes pour ces organisations. Toutefois, l’adoption d’une approche plus large de la gouvernance inspirée de la théorie des parties prenantes, combinée à la relativisation du principe d’homogénéité de la PME, permet de conclure à l’intérêt et à l’applicabilité de principes de gouvernance « élargis », ainsi que des principes traditionnels, aux PME et TPE, ce que semblent confirmer les trop rares travaux scientifiques consacrés au sujet. Toutefois, cette littérature ne traduit pas clairement l’hétérogénéité des PME en termes de principes de gouvernance et ne se penche guère sur l’opérationnalisation de la notion élargie de gouvernance. L’article présente ensuite le Code belge de gouvernance d’entreprise à destination des PME. Après l’avoir comparé aux codes pour grandes entreprises, nous en faisons une analyse critique et montrons qu’il semble répondre à ces questions, ainsi qu’aux conclusions des travaux théoriques et empiriques émergents. Du point de vue pratique, nous soulevons toutefois certaines questions quant à son efficacité.
14
Bao, Han, Can Zhang, and Shaoshuai Gao. "Design and Analysis of Joint Source-Channel Code System with Fixed-Length Code." Information 13, no. 6 (2022): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13060281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
As the demands of multimedia and data services increase, efficient communication systems are being investigated to meet the high data rate requirements. Joint source-channel coding (JSCC) schemes were proposed for improving overall system performance. However, existing JSCC systems may suffer a symbol error rate (SER) performance loss when residual source redundancy is not fully exploited. This paper presents a novel, low-complexity JSCC system, which consists of a fixed-length source block code and an irregular convolutional channel code. A simple approach is proposed to design source codes that minimize the SER of source detection and guarantee the convergence of iterative source-channel decoding (ISCD). To improve the waterfall performance of ISCD, the channel code is optimized by using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart and the concept of irregular code. The channel code is constituted by recursive non-systematic convolutional (RNSC) subcodes. The weights of subcodes are optimized to make the EXIT curves of the channel decoder and the source decoder well-matched, and therefore, a near-capacity performance is achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed system achieves more than 1 dB gains and 0.3 dB gains compared to the separate source-channel code system and the other optimal JSCC systems, respectively. Additionally, the performance of the proposed system is within 1 dB deviation from the Shannon limit capacity.
15
Koyanagi, Shunichiro. "La codification et l’actualisation du Code civil japonais : l’apport de la Commission législative." Les Cahiers de droit 46, no. 1-2 (2005): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043855ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Le Code civil japonais est entré en vigueur en 1898. Trois professeurs japonais à l’Université de Tokyo ont alors été chargés de rédiger le Code civil sur la base d’un projet élaboré par un professeur agrégé français, G.E. Boissonade. Composé de cinq livres (Ier : « Partie générale », II : « Droit des biens », III : « Rapports d’obligation », IV : « Droit de la famille » et V : « Droit des successions » ), ce code proclame l’égalité de la capacité de jouissance, le caractère absolu de la propriété, l’autonomie de la volonté et la responsabilité civile fondée sur la faute. Les livres IV et V avaient été marqués par l’inégalité entre l’homme et la femme, mais ils ont été entièrement modifiés en 1947 en vue de la conformité avec le principe de non-discrimination de la nouvelle Constitution de 1946. Une commission permanente a été créée en 1949 en vue de la modernisation des codes : la Commission législative du ministère de la Justice. Néanmoins, il y a eu récemment des cas où des réformes proposées par cette commission ont été bloquées (le droit de la famille) ou encore où des modifications au Code civil ont été décidées sans participation de cette commission (baux immobiliers). En outre, la modernisation des termes des livres I, II et III du Code civil sans modification au fond du droit a été réalisée à la fin de 2004, indépendamment de l’avis de la Commission législative.
16
Ruiz Cobo, B., C. Quintero Noda, R. Gafeira, H. Uitenbroek, D. Orozco Suárez, and E. Páez Mañá. "DeSIRe: Departure coefficient aided Stokes Inversion based on Response functions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 660 (April 2022): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140877.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Future ground-based telescopes, such as the 4-metre class facilities DKIST and EST, will dramatically improve on current capabilities for simultaneous multi-line polarimetric observations in a wide range of wavelength bands, from the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. As a result, there will be an increasing demand for fast diagnostic tools, i.e., inversion codes, that can infer the physical properties of the solar atmosphere from the vast amount of data these observatories will produce. The advent of substantially larger apertures, with the concomitant increase in polarimetric sensitivity, will drive an increased interest in observing chromospheric spectral lines. Accordingly, pertinent inversion codes will need to take account of line formation under general non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) conditions. Several currently available codes can already accomplish this, but they have a common practical limitation that impairs the speed at which they can invert polarised spectra, namely that they employ numerical evaluation of the so-called response functions to changes in the atmospheric parameters, which makes them less suitable for the analysis of very large data volumes. Here we present DeSIRe (Departure coefficient aided Stokes Inversion based on Response functions), an inversion code that integrates the well-known inversion code SIR with the NLTE radiative transfer solver RH. The DeSIRe runtime benefits from employing analytical response functions computed in local thermodynamic equilibrium (through SIR), modified with fixed departure coefficients to incorporate NLTE effects in chromospheric spectral lines. This publication describes the operating fundamentals of DeSIRe and describes its behaviour, robustness, stability, and speed. The code is ready to be used by the solar community and is being made publicly available.
17
Lee, Hae-Ahm, Dong-Youb Lee, Hyo-Jung Lee, Hyung Soo Han, and InKyeom Kim. "Enrichment of (pro)renin receptor promoter with activating histone codes in the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats." Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 13, no. 1 (2011): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470320311415738.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background: The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] non-proteolytically, through conformational change, activates prorenin which can convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in addition to the classic conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I by circulating renin. Since renal (P)RR is upregulated in hypertension and implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant hypertension, we hypothesized that (pro)renin receptor promoter is enriched with activating histone codes in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot, respectively. The DNA methylation status of (P)RR promoter region was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. The histone modifications were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by real-time PCR. Results: The (P)RR mRNA expression in the kidney was about six times greater in SHR than in Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. The (P)RR promoter was little methylated in the kidneys of both WKY and SHR. Acetylated histone H3 (H3Ac) and di-methylated histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2), activating histone codes, were about 25 and three times higher in SHR than in WKY, respectively. On the other hand, di-methylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2), a suppressive histone code, was 50 times lower in SHR than in WKY. Conclusion: These results suggest that the (P)RR promoter is enriched with activating histone codes in the kidneys of SHR.
18
Arroyo I Amayuelas, Esther. "Le pluralisme de l’ordonnancement civil en Espagne et le droit civil en vigueur en Catalogne." Revue générale de droit 29, no. 4 (2016): 411–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035645ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Le Code civil de 1889 n’acheva pas l’unification législative de tout l’État espagnol, de telle sorte que la Catalogne conserva son propre droit civil. Dans la plupart des matières, le droit civil catalan est d’application préférentielle sur le droit civil étatique. Postérieurement, la Constitution de 1978 a reconnu la pluralité d’ordres juridiques en Espagne, permettant non seulement la conservation et la modification du droit civil propre à chaque communauté autonome, mais aussi son développement. En Catalogne, cette possibilité s’est récemment matérialisée sous la forme de codes sectoriels : l’un relatif aux successions et l’autre relatif au droit de la famille. Un troisième code sectoriel concernant le droit patrimonial est en cours. Ainsi, la compilation de droit civil spécial adoptée en 1960 sous la dictature du général Francisco Franco est devenue obsolète et très incomplète dû au contexte politique de l’époque.
19
Guillemard, Sylvette. "L’affaire Chouette : l’arbitre et l’interprétation d’un contrat en matière de droit d’auteur selon la Cour suprême du Canada." Les Cahiers de droit 44, no. 1 (2005): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043741ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La Cour suprême du Canada vient de rendre jugement dans un domaine qu’elle fréquente rarement : l’arbitrage civil et commercial. L’affaire Chouette est d’autant plus intéressante que la question du mode non judiciaire de règlement des litiges se situe dans un cadre particulier, celui de la propriété intellectuelle. Alors qu’elle avait établi le principe de la validité de la clause compromissoire il y a une vingtaine d’années, la Cour suprême, dans le présent litige, a dû se pencher sur la sentence arbitrale elle-même ainsi que sur la compétence et la mission de l’arbitre. Cette note expose les règles énoncées par le plus haut tribunal du pays en fait d’intervention des tribunaux dans le contexte d’une demande d’annulation de sentence arbitrale. Étant donné la précision et la clarté des prescriptions contenues dans les codes — Code civil du Québec et Code de procédure civile — en la matière de même que l’application que les tribunaux en font généralement, on peut d’ailleurs se demander s’il était réellement nécessaire que la Cour suprême se saisisse de ce dossier.
20
Atutis, Mantas, and Juozas Valivonis. "ANCHORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-METALLIC REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 3, no. 2 (2011): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2011.09.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article analyzes the basic problems of the anchorage of non-metallic reinforcement for concrete and reviews calculation methods of anchorage length using ACI, STR, JSCE and fib Model Code 2010. The paper presents a comparison of experimental (Benmokrane et al. 2003) and theoretical results and studies the major types of experimental tests to determine the bond strength of FRP reinforcing bars. The anchorage length of continuous fiber reinforcement (non-metallic reinforcement bars) is calculated using diff erent expressions proposed in codes and recommendations, thus providing with particular results. The article also shows how the anchorage length of a reinforcing bar is influenced by mechanical properties of reinforcement and concrete, concrete cover and the diameter of the reinforcing bar. Experimental results are compared with theoretically obtained values referring to codes and recommendations. A scatter of results is 3.67-10.18. It was found, that the anchorage length of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bar calculated by ACI, STR, JSCE and MC increases in the number of times an increase in bar diameter. It has been stated, that anchorage length decreases by 1,44 and 1,71 when the compression strength of concrete increases by 2 and 4. Theoretical calculations have revealed that depending on a bar diameter, in order to minimize the anchorage length of non – metallic reinforcement, the use of the concrete cover higher than 3 db is not feasible. Moreover, when using conventional steel for concrete reinforcement, anchorage length is 3 times less than that of a concrete member with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement and 2 times less than using basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcement. Calculation methodology for the anchorage length of a steel reinforcing bar can be used for calculating the anchorage length of non-metallic reinforcement. However, individual coefficients of diff erent FRP reinforcement must be applied to determine environmental factors and temperature of mechanical properties of non-metallic reinforcement. The values of coefficients must be determined conducting experimental tests.
21
Bessis, Sophie. "Bernard Ravenel, Le choix de la non-violence, crise du covid-19, vulnérabilité, interdépendance et non- violence Vulaines sur Seine, Éditions du Croquant, 2021, 250 pages." Confluences Méditerranée N° 116, no. 1 (2021): II. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.116.0210b.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
22
Solodovnyk, V. I., and M. I. Naumenko. "SYNTHESIS OF SPECTRALLY AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT SIGNAL-CODE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH SIGNALS SPATIAL CODING." Proceedings of the O.S. Popov ОNAT 1, no. 1 (2020): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33243/2518-7139-2020-1-1-68-81.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Wireless communication systems are considered, the main task of which is to increase their spectral (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in conditions of limited frequency and energy resources. Additional use of the spatial resource based on flexible and universal methods of signals Space-Time Coding (STC) in MIMO-systems (Multiple Input - Multiple Output) can significantly increase the SE and EE values, as well as significantly improve the capabilities and conditions for EE exchange on SE. The advantages and disadvantages of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) and Non-Orthogonal STBC (NOSTBC) are shown. Two main methods of synthesis of spectrally and energy-efficient information transmission methods are demonstrated. The first method is implemented by creating Perfect-codes that simultaneously achieve maximum diversity and multiplexing gains. The exponential computational decoding complexity of such codes makes it impossible for their practical implementation in mobile terminals at the present stage of development of circuitry. The second method of synthesis is based on improving the simple basic STC methods in terms of increasing the SE and EE by creating Signal-Code Constructions (SCC), which have the advantages of the basic STC methods and are devoid of the disadvantages inherent in Perfect-codes. A technique for the synthesis of SCC is proposed, the essence of which is to determine the priority areas (by the value of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)) of using the STC and corresponding signal constellations, which provide the maximum SE for a guaranteed Bit Error Rate (BER). It was found that MIMO 2x2 with Alamouti OSTBC has an advantage in terms of EE over NOSTBC type VBLAST for SE not more than 8 b/s/Hz and SNR under 35 dB, BER not exceeding 10-5. In MIMO 4x4, OSTBC codes are inferior to NOSTBC in terms of EE. VBLAST code allows to provide SE 4 - 8 b/s/Hz at SNR 10 - 20 dB, BER not exceeding 10-5. Based on the results obtained, propositions for further improvement of OSTBC and NOSTBC are formulated.
23
Paradis, Catherine, Jinhui Zhao, and Tim Stockwell. "Publications non conformes des bars populaires sur les plateformes de médias sociaux : une invitation à améliorer la réglementation de la publicité sur l’alcool." Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 40, no. 5/6 (2020): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.03f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introduction Cette étude a pour but de documenter la portée des infractions au Code de la publicité radio diffusée en faveur de boissons alcoolisées du Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes (CRTC) (Code du CRTC) commises par certains établissements servant de l’alcool qui publient du contenu lié à l’alcool sur des plateformes de médias sociaux et d’évaluer si ces infractions au Code du CRTC sont en lien avec la popularité de ces établissements auprès des étudiants universitaires et avec les comportements de ces derniers en matière de consommation d’alcool. Méthodologie Au cours de la phase 1 de l’étude, un échantillon aléatoire de 477 étudiants provenant de quatre universités canadiennes ont répondu à un questionnaire portant sur leurs habitudes de consommation d’alcool et sur les établissements servant de l’alcool qu’ils préféraient. Au cours de la phase 2, nous avons évalué, auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire de 78 étudiants, si les publications de ces établissements dans les médias sociaux étaient conformes aux 17 lignes directrices du Code du CRTC. Nous avons regroupé les deux ensembles de données et nous les avons jumelés au moyen de la liste des établissements servant de l’alcool. Résultats Les établissements populaires servant de l’alcool ont publié massivement des contenus liés à l’alcool contrevenant au Code du CRTC. Les estimations d’effet ajusté indiquent qu’une réduction du niveau moyen de conformité au Code du CRTC est associée de manière significative à une augmentation de 1 % du taux de popularité des établissements servant de l’alcool (test t, p < 0,001). En ce qui a trait aux comportements de consommation d’alcool, une augmentation de 1 % du niveau moyen global de conformité au Code du CRTC est significativement associée à une diminution de 0,458 jour de consommation par semaine pendant un semestre (test t, p = 0,01), une diminution de 0,294 consommation par occasion (test t, p = 0,048) et une probabilité plus faible que les étudiants consomment de l’alcool lorsqu’ils se trouvent dans un établissement servant de l’alcool (test t, p = 0,001). Conclusion Les résultats de notre étude sont une invitation à ce que les agences de réglementation territoriales et provinciales réévaluent leurs pratiques, afin que les lignes directrices en matière de publicité sur l’alcool soient appliquées et respectées de manière uniforme. Audelà, ces résultats justifient l’adoption d’une loi fédérale avec un mandat en santé publique applicable à tous les médias : médias imprimés, numériques et sociaux, télévision et radio.
24
Zhang, Ji, Anmin Chen, Ying Zhang, Baofeng Ji, Huaan Li, and Hengzhou Xu. "Low-Density Parity-Check Decoding Algorithm Based on Symmetric Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers." Entropy 27, no. 4 (2025): 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has proven to be an efficient approach for implementing linear programming (LP) decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. By introducing penalty terms into the LP decoding model’s objective function, ADMM-based variable node penalized decoding effectively mitigates non-integral solutions, thereby improving frame error rate (FER) performance, especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. In this paper, we leverage the ADMM framework to derive explicit iterative steps for solving the LP decoding problem for LDPC codes with penalty functions. To further enhance decoding efficiency and accuracy, We propose an LDPC code decoding algorithm based on the symmetric ADMM (S-ADMM). We also establish some contraction properties satisfied by the iterative sequence of the algorithm. Through simulation experiments, we evaluate the proposed S-ADMM decoder using three standard LDPC codes and three representative fifth-generation (5G) codes. The results show that the S-ADMM decoder consistently outperforms conventional ADMM penalized decoders, offering significant improvements in decoding performance.
25
CHENG, Yu, Guanming HUANG, Yishun WU, Zijie ZHAO, Zhenhao HE, and Jiaxing LU. "Ask Me Any Type: Type Inference Plugin for Partial Code on the Web and in the Integrated Development Environment." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 29, no. 4 (2024): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/wujns/2024294349.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Inferring the fully qualified names (FQNs) of undeclared receiving objects and non-fully-qualified type names (non-FQNs) in partial code is critical for effectively searching, understanding, and reusing partial code. Existing type inference tools, such as COSTER and SNR, rely on a symbolic knowledge base and adopt a dictionary-lookup strategy to map simple names of undeclared receiving objects and non-FQNs to FQNs. However, building a symbolic knowledge base requires parsing compilable code files, which limits the collection of APIs and code contexts, resulting in out-of-vocabulary (OOV) failures. To overcome the limitations of a symbolic knowledge base for FQN inference, we implemented Ask Me Any Type (AMAT), a type of inference plugin embedded in web browsers and integrated development environment (IDE). Unlike the dictionary-lookup strategy, AMAT uses a cloze-style fill-in-the-blank strategy for type inference. By treating code as text, AMAT leverages a fine-tuned large language model (LLM) as a neural knowledge base, thereby preventing the need for code compilation. Experimental results show that AMAT outperforms state-of-the-art tools such as COSTER and SNR. In practice, developers can directly reuse partial code by inferring the FQNs of unresolved type names in real time.
26
BOUSSAGEON, R. "Réévaluation des médicaments remboursés à 15 ou 30 % Une nécessité en période de restrictions budgétaires." EXERCER 36, no. 212 (2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2025.212.147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
« Les médecins administrent des médicaments dont ils savent très peu, à des malades dont ils savent moins, pour guérir des maladies dont ils ne savent rien. » Voltaire L’heure est aux restrictions budgétaires… mais pas pour tous les secteurs ! En France, lorsqu’un médicament dispose d’une autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM), le laboratoire pharmaceutique peut demander qu’il soit remboursé par l’Assurance maladie. Pour cela, il dépose un dossier auprès de la commission de la transparence de la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) afin que soit évalué son « service médical rendu » (SMR insuffisant, faible, modéré, important ou majeur). Une fois établi, ce SMR permet à l’Union nationale des caisses d’Assurance maladie de fixer le taux de remboursement : 0 % (non remboursé), 15 % (SMR faible), 30 % (SMR modéré), 65 % (SMR important ou majeur), voire 100 % pour les médicaments irremplaçables et coûteux. Le reste à charge, appelé « ticket modérateur », peut être remboursé par les mutuelles ou organismes complémentaires. Depuis de nombreuses années, des médicaments disponibles en France sont remboursés par l’Assurance maladie à hauteur de 15 ou 30 % alors même qu’ils n’ont pas démontré leur efficacité clinique. Citons à titre d’exemple l’acétylleucine pour les vertiges1, l’oxomémazine2 pour la toux ou le phloroglucinol3 pour les dysménorrhées. Il en existe probablement beaucoup d’autres. Leur AMM a été délivrée dans le passé sur des critères qui ne sont pas ceux de la commission de la transparence d’aujourd’hui. Pour la plupart des AMM des médicaments à visée symptomatique, il est nécessaire que soit démontrée leur efficacité clinique, c’est-à-dire que leur efficacité « perçue » par les patients n’est pas simplement liée à une résolution spontanée du symptôme ou à l’effet placebo. La disponibilité sur le marché et la prescription de ces médicaments posent des questions déontologiques, éthiques, écologiques et économiques. Cette prescription ne respecte pas les codes de déontologie médicale (article 32) et du code de la santé publique (article R4127-32 du code de la santé publique) qui disposent : « Dès lors qu’il a accepté de répondre à une demande, le médecin s’engage à assurer personnellement au patient des soins consciencieux, dévoués et fondés sur les données acquises de la science. » La prescription ne respecte pas le principe éthique de « non-malfaisance » (primum non nocere) puisqu’elle expose le patient à des risques certes rares, mais inacceptables du fait de l’absence de bénéfices démontrés. La prescription peut détourner des traitements plus éprouvés et plus pertinents. Elle entretient également l’illusion qu’il existe une solution médicamenteuse pour chaque symptôme. La fabrication et l’utilisation de ces médicaments ont un coût écologique de fabrication, de transport, de déchets, etc. Enfin, dans le contexte actuel de restriction budgétaire, ces médicaments remboursés à 15 ou 30 % coûtent cher à la collectivité. Un rapport de la DREES publié en 2022 estimait que le coût pour l’Assurance maladie obligatoire des médicaments remboursés à 15 % était d’environ 200 millions d’euros et celui des médicaments remboursés à 30 % d’environ 1,16 milliard d’euros4. Nul doute que ces montants pourraient être utilisés à meilleur escient ! Bien évidemment, avant de décider de son déremboursement ou de son retrait du marché, il faut réévaluer correctement la balance bénéfice/risque de chaque médicament. C’est l’objectif du projet REB « Rebuild the evidence base »5,6 dont vous découvrez les résultats au fil des numéros d’exercer.
27
Mr., Narendra S. Malode Prof: NILESH BODNE &. Prof. Sneha Swarkar. "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF TURBOCODED OFDM SYSTEM USING GENETIC ALGORITHM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY [ICEMESM-18] (April 27, 2018): 168–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1232241.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The internet text massage traditional phone call the demand for bandwidth both from service provider and end user five race for communication system required signal power and channel brand with the power spectral bit to noise power density. SNR Per bit give BER rate which required for modulation and there is decoding at the receiver acceptable cam be obtained by to use of error control coding which essential for add redundancy to the transmitted data. The error control coding is used for reduce the transmit power and antenna size or increase data rate. The error control coding can be applied deferent variety in the form block code. Convolution code or turbo code sach coding challenge the Shannon limit this is very useful for high communication.
28
Aly, Ahmed, Agustin Abarca, Maria Avramova, and Kostadin Ivanov. "EXTENDING CTF MODELING CAPABILITIES TO SFRs AND VALIDATION AGAINST SHRT TESTS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The utilization of liquid metals as coolants for fast reactors brings several economical and practical advantages that lead to a sustainable future for nuclear energy. Molten sodium is used as a coolant in Sodium Fast Reactors (SFRs). Sodium is relatively cheaper than other metal coolants. It requires lower pumping power, causes less neutron moderation and it is non-corrosive to the fuel cladding. The SFR hexagonal subassemblies are relatively smaller than Light Water Reactors (LWRs) subassemblies. The differences in the geometrical design of SFRs compared to LWRs lead to different physical behavior of the coolant. Several models and correlations particular to sodium were implemented in thermal-hydraulics (TH) computer codes in order to model the coolant behavior accurately. CTF is a subchannel TH code that was designed and validated for LWRs. In this work, the capabilities of the code were extended to SFRs by incorporating sodium coolant properties and correlations for friction factor, flow mixing coefficient and conduction heat transfer. The code was then validated against selected steady state data from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II Shutdown Heat Removal Tests SHRT-17 and SHRT-45R. CTF was used to simulate the instrumented subassemblies XX09 and XX10. The results demonstrate the capability of CTF to model SFRs. Code validation is currently being extended to the transient phases of the SHRT experiments.
29
Gumboh, Esther. "A Travesty of Justice: Non-Compliance with the Automatic Review Mechanism for Sentences in Malawi." Statute Law Review 41, no. 1 (2018): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmy014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Section 15 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code provides a fascinating automatic review mechanism. It requires the automatic review of sentences which exceed certain thresholds by the High Court and prohibits the continued detention of prisoners once the period of automatic review has lapsed. Due to delays in the review process, most sentences that are subject to automatic review are not reviewed timeously. However, the Malawi Prison Service does not release the offenders concerned as required by law, resulting in the unlawful detention of offenders whose sentences have technically expired. The Judiciary also fails to rectify this problem by reviewing sentences outside the automatic review period. This article examines the proper interpretation of section 15 and its consequences for the revisionary powers of the High Court with a view to highlight the incorrectness of the current approach.
30
Al-Kadhimi, Aymen M., A. E. Abdelkareem, and Charalampos C. Tsimenidis. "A Cooperative Communication System With P-LDPC For Internet of Underwater Things." Iraqi Journal of Information and Communication Technology 7, no. 1 (2024): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.7.1.281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The acoustic communications are extremely challenging in underwater environments due to harsh conditions of this kind of nature. That medium's harshness affects the transmission reliability which in turn crucially requires an adoption of robust channel codes based on cooperative approaches to attain a more reliable data communication. This study proposes a cooperative communication system based on a protograph low-density parity check (P-LDPC) code. The system is elaborated in an Internet of underwater things (IoUT) scenario in which a relay node is acting as a helper that provides side information to destination. Compression and channel coding are offered by the system to cope with requirements of IoT in terms of reliable communication and compressed data between nodes. Furthermore, an algorithm for joint source channel coding is presented based on a modified version of offset min-sum. Moreover, layered decoding is Implemented in order to minimize number of iterations for the P-LDPC code. The results prove that proposed design can achieve a bit error rate (BER) of 5 × 10−6 at signal to noise ratio SNR = 8 dB for a coding rate of 1/3 and block length of 1500 bits. In addition, the proposed system shows a coding gain of 3.6 dB when compared with a non cooperative (no relay) approach. Besides, the proposed cooperative design can offer reduced computations versus the non cooperative system to achieve the same BER at a fixed SNR.
31
Shukla, Aasheesh. "Intelligent reflected surfaces assisted code domain non-orthogonal multiple access scheme." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 5 (2021): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract The propagation medium plays a crucial role in any wireless communication networks, the channel between the transmitter and the receiver, deteriorate the quality of the received signal due to the uncontrollable interactions such as scattering, reflection, and refraction in the channel with the surrounding objects. To overcome this challenge, the recent advent of recongurable intelligent surfaces can be helpful, in which the network operators can control the radio waves, eg, the phase, amplitude, frequency, and even polarization, of the impinging signals without the need of complex decoding, encoding, and radio frequency processing operations. On the other hand, few research papers reported an efficient code domain non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) such as Interleave division multiple access (IDMA) system for wireless information transfer. Persuaded by the capability of this arising RIS technology, the present article is aimed to provide the modified framework of IDMA (code-domain NOMA) communication system based on RIS technology. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves better SNR performance than the conventional IDMA framework.
32
Normand, Sylvio. "Le Code et la protection du consommateur." Les Cahiers de droit 29, no. 4 (2005): 1063–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042925ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Durant longtemps, le Code civil a régi, presque à lui seul, les relations contractuelles de caractère privé. Il s'est avéré cependant que le régime juridique mis en place au milieu du XIXe siècle, s'il avait répondu aux besoins d'une société libérale, ne pouvait convenir aux exigences d'une société de consommation sans conduire à de graves injustices. L'avènement de la société de consommation eut un effet non négligeable sur le droit privé. D'une part, l'idéologie libérale, qui avait été l'une des pierres d'assise du Code, était ébranlée et, d'autre part, la technique de codification, souvent présentée comme un achèvement, était battue en brèche. La présente étude se penche, tour à tour, sur cette double remise en question. Le droit de la consommation sert ici à illustrer des problèmes trop peu souvent discutés, notamment les relations entre le droit privé et le Code, la capacité du Code à s'adapter aux mutations socio-économiques et le phénomène d'hybridation auquel n'échappe pas le droit privé.
33
Legrand, Pierre. "Contrat et non-contrat : scolies sur l’indétermination en jurisprudence québécoise." Revue générale de droit 23, no. 2 (2019): 235–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1057471ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Le droit civil retient que la formation d’un contrat valide passe par l’existence d’un consentement de chacune des parties à l’accord. Une fois le contrat conclu, le droit civil permet au juge d’en réviser le contenu, pour autant qu’il opère en-deçà des limites portées au Code civil. Le droit civil dit encore que l’imputation d’une responsabilité contractuelle requiert une faute préalable du débiteur. Une récente décision de la Cour d’appel du Québec, dans Hôpital c. Centre hospitalier Le Gardeur, déroge pourtant à chacun de ces trois préceptes fondamentaux. Elle offre, dès lors, un point d’ancrage singulièrement opportun à une réflexion sur le contrat et la responsabilité contractuelle dans le droit civil du Québec.
34
Tricot, Monique. "Françoise Dolto et les castrations symboligènes." Le Coq-héron N° 253, no. 2 (2023): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.253.0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ce texte tente de rendre compte de l’importance de la notion de castrations symboligènes , élaborée par Françoise Dolto dans le cadre de sa théorie de l’Image inconsciente du corps. Ces castrations données par l’Autre tutélaire, don qui nécessite qu’il en soit lui-même porteur, sont effet du langage sur le corps. J’ai choisi de les aborder en mettant en regard cette avancée de F. Dolto et certaines remarques de Lacan concernant la pulsion et son objet. Je termine par un fragment de cure où les effets traumatiques d’une castration orale non symbolisée et non symbolisable avaient laissé l’analysante aux prises avec un ressenti « réel » de corps mutilé.
35
Tsoeunyane, Lekhobola, Simon Winberg, and Michael Inggs. "Automatic Configurable Hardware Code Generation for Software-Defined Radios." Computers 7, no. 4 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The development of software-defined radio (SDR) systems using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) compels designers to reuse pre-existing Intellectual Property (IP) cores in order to meet time-to-market and design efficiency requirements. However, the low-level development difficulties associated with FPGAs hinder productivity, even when the designer is experienced with hardware design. These low-level difficulties include non-standard interfacing methods, component communication and synchronization challenges, complicated timing constraints and processing blocks that need to be customized through time-consuming design tweaks. In this paper, we present a methodology for automated and behavioral integration of dedicated IP cores for rapid prototyping of SDR applications. To maintain high performance of the SDR designs, our methodology integrates IP cores using characteristics of the dataflow model of computation (MoC), namely the static dataflow with access patterns (SDF-AP). We show how the dataflow is mapped onto the low-level model of hardware by efficiently applying low-level based optimizations and using a formal analysis technique that guarantees the correctness of the generated solutions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of our automated hardware design approach by developing eight SDR applications in VHDL. The results show that well-optimized designs are generated and that this can improve productivity while also conserving the hardware resources used.
36
Chatterjee, K., S. Markoff, J. Neilsen, et al. "General relativistic MHD simulations of non-thermal flaring in Sagittarius A*." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 4 (2021): 5281–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2466.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
ABSTRACT Sgr A* exhibits regular variability in its multiwavelength emission, including daily X-ray flares and roughly continuous near-infrared (NIR) flickering. The origin of this variability is still ambiguous since both inverse Compton and synchrotron emission are possible radiative mechanisms. The underlying particle distributions are also not well constrained, particularly the non-thermal contribution. In this work, we employ the GPU-accelerated general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code H-AMR to perform a study of flare flux distributions, including the effect of particle acceleration for the first time in high-resolution 3D simulations of Sgr A*. For the particle acceleration, we use the general relativistic ray-tracing code bhoss to perform the radiative transfer, assuming a hybrid thermal+non-thermal electron energy distribution. We extract ∼60 h light curves in the sub-millimetre, NIR and X-ray wavebands, and compare the power spectra and the cumulative flux distributions of the light curves to statistical descriptions for Sgr A* flares. Our results indicate that non-thermal populations of electrons arising from turbulence-driven reconnection in weakly magnetized accretion flows lead to moderate NIR and X-ray flares and reasonably describe the X-ray flux distribution while fulfilling multiwavelength flux constraints. These models exhibit high rms per cent amplitudes, $\gtrsim 150{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ both in the NIR and the X-rays, with changes in the accretion rate driving the 230 GHz flux variability, in agreement with Sgr A* observations.
37
Gianfelici, Simone, Sara Perez-Martin, Werner Pfrang, Thomas Schulenberg, and Andrei Rineiski. "VALIDATION OF THE FEMAXI/SIMMER COUPLING BY USING THE E9 CABRI-2 EXPERIMENT." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124707015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Accidents prevention and mitigation of the related consequences are mandatory for the safety assessment of the Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs). In order to reach these goals, the accurate evaluation of the most challenging transients, which may lead to severe accidents, is fundamental. In particular, an accurate evaluation of the degradation of the thermo-mechanical properties of the fuel pins due to irradiation, affecting the course of accidental transient conditions, is necessary. In our studies, the reference calculation route for the analysis of a severe accident in SFRs is based on the sequential use of the SAS-SFR and the SIMMER-III/IV mechanistic codes for the initiation (up to hexcan failure of a fuel sub-assembly) and the late (with core melting) phases of the scenario, respectively. Nevertheless, the module devoted to the SAS-SFR/SIMMER data transfer shows some limitations when innovative pins and core designs are considered. Having this in mind, the present paper proposes an innovative approach based on the coupling of a fuel performance code FEMAXI and the SIMMER code. When applied to severe accident studies of new reactors designs, such an approach is expected to improve the consistency of the SIMMER results as well as to extend its range of application. The FEMAXI/SIMMER coupling is described in the paper. Further, the results of the code validation against the CABRI-2 E9 experimental test, performed at the CABRI reactor using an OPHELIE-6 annular fuel pin irradiated in the PHENIX reactor, are shown and discussed. In the E9 test, a slow power ramp non-failure transient, corresponding to control rod withdrawal conditions, was investigated. New FEMAXI/SIMMER results are compared also to stand-alone SAS-SFR and SIMMER evaluations.
38
Dien, Nguyen Ngoc. "Le Code civil vietnamien comme exemple de l’adaptation du Code Napoléon dans le système de la propriété publique des sols." Les Cahiers de droit 46, no. 1-2 (2005): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043838ar.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La propriété privée est admise dans le droit vietnamien actuel. Il s’agit d’ailleurs de la propriété conçue au sens de l’article 544 du Code civil français. Cependant, la propriété privée immobilière du droit vietnamien actuel n’est pas bâtie à partir de la propriété du sol comme dans le droit français. Au Viêt Nam, les sols appartiennent exclusivement à l’État, les particuliers n’y exerçant qu’un droit d’usage. C’est donc le droit d’usage du sol, et non le sol lui-même, qui est le bien foncier soumis à l’appropriation individuelle. Il paraît intéressant d’étudier la manière dont les Vietnamiens ont forgé dans un code civil leur droit privé de la propriété immobilière qui s’inspire du modèle français mais qui est fondé sur le droit d’usage et non la propriété du sol. Plus précisément, l’étude va mettre en lumière le rôle du Code civil dans la classification des biens comme dans la détermination des modes d’acquisition et des modalités d’exercice de ce droit dans la vie privée.
39
Demetriou, Olga. "Les déplacements dans la Chypre d’après-guerre." Confluences Méditerranée N° 129, no. 2 (2024): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.129.0095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cet article examine le rôle renouvelé de Chypre dans le nouvel ordre européen. Défini en grande partie par l’accent mis sur la gestion des migrations, cet ordre place les États de la « ligne de front » en position de gardiens des frontières de l’UE. Comme les autres États, la République de Chypre est alors chargée de mettre en œuvre les politiques de dissuasion de l’UE et, pour ce faire, doit renforcer ses structures de sécurité nationale. Mais cela se traduit par un programme de sécurisation qui éclipse les préoccupations en matière de droits de l’Homme. De plus, sécuriser l’immigration de cette manière signifie détériorer les relations de ces pays avec leurs voisins non-européens. Dans le cas de Chypre, cela signifie que les anciens discours sur le conflit avec la Turquie sont relancés, les préoccupations relatives à l’immigration étant liées à l’expansionnisme turc. L’article examine cette association entre les deux questions et les effets qu’elle a sur le terrain pour les réfugiés et les activistes.
40
Farkas, Olivia. "Les silences de la langue paternelle, transmission et « écrypture »." Le Coq-héron N° 256, no. 1 (2024): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.256.0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Partant d’un lapsus, celui d’« écrypture », condensation des signifiants « crypte » et « écriture », ce texte interroge la non-transmission de la langue maternelle du père qualifiée de « langue paternelle » dans les situations de trauma et d’exil, en appui sur les ouvrages d’auteurs hongrois comme décor de l’histoire familiale. À la génération suivante, comment les cryptes paternelles auraient-elles contribué à la transmission des éléments traumatiques vécus avant l’exil ?
41
Niamah, Khoirun, Solichah Larasati, and Raudhatul Jannah. "Effects of Power Allocation and User Mobility on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Using Successive Interference Cancellation." ELKHA 13, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v13i1.41708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This research based on simulation to show impact of the power allocation on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) using Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). NOMA used superposition code (SC) on the transmitter and SIC on the receiver. NOMA has two categories power domain (PD) and code domain (CD). This research based on PD-NOMA simulated for downlink. The number of users who use the same recourse block are divided into two conditions: user with apply SIC and without SIC base on the value of channel gain from each user. Applying SC on the transmitter and SIC on the receiver will cancel of interference. Novelties of this research are the best performance of power allocation and user mobility based on parameter BER and SNR. Allocation of the power transmit based on value of channel gain every user, where user with value of channel gain is low will be allocated high power transmit, and otherwise. The best result performance of BER vs SNR used ratio power transmit 0.45 dB:0.55 dB, BER get value SNR for 17 dB and 18 dB. The best performance SNR for mobility of user with speed = 40 km/h value SNR 18 dB for BER . This research has proposed to show impact of power transmit and interference in performance NOMA.
42
Mantz, Stephen. "Decoding Rameau: Music as the Sovereign Science. A Translation with Commentary of Code de musique pratique and Nouvelles réflexions sur le principe sonore (1760) by Mark Howard." Notes 74, no. 4 (2018): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.2018.0042.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
43
Gulo, Melki Mario, I. Gede Puja Astawa, Arifin, Yoedy Moegiharto, and Hendy Briantoro. "The Joint Channel Coding and Pre-Distortion Technique on the USRP-Based MIMO-OFDM System." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 7, no. 4 (2023): 930–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i4.5093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Modern wireless communication systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a multi-carrier modulation method that resists multipath channels and provides bandwidth efficiency. OFDM is generally used with a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system to boost diversity gain and channel capacity. MIMO-OFDM has several advantages, but its high PAPR value is a drawback. A non-linear high-power amplifier (HPA) can distort signals with high PAPR values. This issue can be resolved by employing pre-distortion (PD), which compensates for non-linear HPA. In addition to PD, channel coding can be used to improve the quality of systems with high PAPR values by adding redundant bits to the bits to be sent. In this paper, we report the experimental evaluations of the joint channel coding and pre-distortion (PD) technique on a 2x2 MIMO OFDM system using USRP hardware. The experiments are conducted in two scenarios: line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. The channel coding that is used in this scenario is convolutional code with code rates of 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. From the experiment results, it can be seen that the system using PD combined with the convolution code produces better performance in LOS and NLOS scenarios compared to the system without PD. In the LOS scenario, the use of PD can improve the SNR value of code rates 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 by about 58.74%, 75.97%, and 96.20%. In the NLOS scenario, the use of PD can improve the SNR value of code rates 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 by about 60.71%, 73.59%, and 71.84%. The LOS scenario measurement gives a better SNR value than the NLOS scenario, with a maximum SNR value of 30.86 dB, while the NLOS scenario maximum SNR value is 30.23 dB. This happened because the LOS scenario suffered minimal multipath fading compared to the NLOS scenario.
44
Gulo, Melki Mario, I. Gede Puja Astawa, Arifin, Yoedy Moegiharto, and Hendy Briantoro. "The Joint Channel Coding and Pre-Distortion Technique on the USRP-Based MIMO-OFDM System." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 7, no. 4 (2023): 930–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i4.5093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Modern wireless communication systems use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a multi-carrier modulation method that resists multipath channels and provides bandwidth efficiency. OFDM is generally used with a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system to boost diversity gain and channel capacity. MIMO-OFDM has several advantages, but its high PAPR value is a drawback. A non-linear high-power amplifier (HPA) can distort signals with high PAPR values. This issue can be resolved by employing pre-distortion (PD), which compensates for non-linear HPA. In addition to PD, channel coding can be used to improve the quality of systems with high PAPR values by adding redundant bits to the bits to be sent. In this paper, we report the experimental evaluations of the joint channel coding and pre-distortion (PD) technique on a 2x2 MIMO OFDM system using USRP hardware. The experiments are conducted in two scenarios: line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. The channel coding that is used in this scenario is convolutional code with code rates of 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. From the experiment results, it can be seen that the system using PD combined with the convolution code produces better performance in LOS and NLOS scenarios compared to the system without PD. In the LOS scenario, the use of PD can improve the SNR value of code rates 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 by about 58.74%, 75.97%, and 96.20%. In the NLOS scenario, the use of PD can improve the SNR value of code rates 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 by about 60.71%, 73.59%, and 71.84%. The LOS scenario measurement gives a better SNR value than the NLOS scenario, with a maximum SNR value of 30.86 dB, while the NLOS scenario maximum SNR value is 30.23 dB. This happened because the LOS scenario suffered minimal multipath fading compared to the NLOS scenario.
45
Garcia Rodriguez, Luis A., Antonio González Pérez, Maria Saéz Goñi, et al. "Abstract P443: Identification of Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Intracranial Bleeding Subtypes in Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Using Primary Care Data From the United Kingdom." Stroke 52, Suppl_1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p443.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introduction: Classification of intracranial bleeding (ICB) by trauma status is important in research relating to anticoagulant therapy. We evaluated trauma status of ICB subtypes - intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and subdural hematoma (SDH) - in a large population of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) receiving oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. Methods: Using the IQVIA Medical Research Data UK primary care database, we followed 45,164 patients with NVAF newly prescribed OAC therapy to identify incident ICB cases, and categorized them as ICH, SAH or SDH based on the coded description. We identified cases with a code suggesting the event was traumatic (e.g. head injury) or non-traumatic within 90 days either side of the ICB event, and manually reviewed the patient records for cases without such a code to identify other entries indicating trauma in the time period. ICH and SAH cases without a trauma/non-trauma code were classed as non-traumatic and SDH cases without a trauma/non-trauma code were classed as traumatic. Results: A total of 286 ICB cases were identified: 45.5% ICH, 41.9% SDH, 12.6% SAH. Classification of cases is shown in the Table. Most traumatic cases were SDH (77.3%, 85/110); most non-traumatic cases were ICH (66.5%, 117/176). Classification by the presence of a trauma/non-trauma code was 82.5% for SDH, 33.3% for SAH and 10.8% for ICH. Classification of all but one non-traumatic ICH case and all non-traumatic SAH cases were by the absence of a trauma/non-trauma code. For SDH, 75.3% of traumatic SDH cases were based on a trauma code, and 100% of non-traumatic SDH cases were based on a non-trauma code. Conclusion: Among patients with NVAF receiving OAC therapy, the majority of incident ICB cases were non-traumatic. Classification of SDH was predominantly made from trauma/non-trauma codes; cases of ICH and SAH were mostly based on the absence of trauma/non-trauma codes using non-trauma as the default category.
46
Alwell, Kathleen, Jane C. Khoury, Dawn O. Kleindorfer, et al. "Abstract W MP51: ICD-9 Code Positive Predictive Value for Stroke Subtype in a Population-Based Epidemiology Study." Stroke 45, suppl_1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.wmp51.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introduction: Population-based epidemiological studies contribute substantially to the knowledge of stroke incidence, temporal trends, stroke subtype distribution, and risk factor prevalence. Often data are gathered from ICD-9 codes in administrative databases. We instead gathered data through labor-intensive inspection of medical records to examine the positive predictive values (PPV) of stroke ICD-9 codes. Methods: The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study measures temporal trends in the incidence rates in a biracial population of 1.3 million. Discharge lists with primary and secondary ICD-9 codes 430-436 from the 15 area hospitals for 2010 were obtained. Detailed information from medical records of stroke and TIA cases was abstracted by trained research nurses and reviewed by a stroke physician, who determined if the event was a case and, if so, the stroke subtype (SAH, ICH, infarct, or TIA). Results: A total of 7691events were reviewed. Positive predictive values (PPV) for the primary ICD-9 codes for specific subtypes varied from 48.6% to 90.1%. All primary and secondary ICD-9 codes, stroke subtypes, and percent yield are presented in the Table. Interestingly, 293 cases were found coded under a different primary ICD-9 subtype. An additional 497 cases were found under secondary ICD-9 codes. Most events coded under 433.x0 were non-cases, as expected. Many cases coded 435 were not found to be true TIAs, and code 436 yielded very few cases. Conclusions: Stroke cases captured through codes 430-436 were not necessarily in the primary position or coded to the correct stroke subtype. Complete medical record review revealed varying degrees of accuracy for each code. This could cause stroke incidence rates to be significantly misreported if based solely upon primary subtype-defined ICD-9 codes. Population-based epidemiology studies generate the most reliable incidence estimates by combining stroke ICD-9 codes with medical record review.
47
Reeves, Mathew J., Mojdeh Nasiri, Ted Glynn, et al. "Abstract T P313: Sensitivity of ICD-9 Discharge Codes to Identify TIA Cases in 4 Community-Based Emergency Departments." Stroke 45, suppl_1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.tp313.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introduction: The diagnosis of TIA is often challenging in the emergency department (ED) setting. ICD-9 discharge code 435 is often used to identify TIA cases; however, its accuracy is unclear. Our objective was to determine the sensitivity of ICD-9 code 435 to identify confirmed TIA cases treated in 4 community-based EDs. Methods: Over a 12 month period suspect TIA cases were prospectively identified using hot-pursuit mechanisms in 4 EDs. A time-based definition of TIA was used (i.e., acute onset focal unilateral symptoms with duration <24 hours and no alternative diagnosis). All cases had a final clinical diagnosis of TIA confirmed following an independent physician panel review. Data were abstracted from medical charts and the primary ICD-9 discharge code was obtained from the hospital or ED billing records. ICD-9 discharge codes were neither used to identify cases or confirm the final diagnosis. Results: Of 366 subjects with suspected TIA, 336 (92%) had a confirmed final diagnosis of TIA. Mean age was 66 years, 54% female, 31% non-white and 83% were hospitalized. The relative frequency of primary ICD-9 discharge codes at each of the 4 EDs are shown in the Table. The overall sensitivity of the 435 code was 64.3% (95% CI 58.9-69.4). Alternative codes used included stroke-related (8.0%), other CVD-related (2.7%), miscellaneous (8.3%) and non-specific symptoms codes (16.7%). The frequency of 435 coding varied non-significantly between sites (56% to 72%; p= 0.13); however, sites varied substantially in their use of non-specific symptoms codes (4.8% to 26.7%; p=0.002). Conclusions: In this series of confirmed TIA cases, more than 1/3 rd would not have been identified if the 435 code was used. These findings suggest that the 435 code should not be relied upon to identify TIA cases. Future studies should determine the causes of the variation in coding between sites, and also measure both sensitivity and specificity of the 435 code.
48
Perrinez, Emily, Robin Calara, Paige Schoenheit-Scott, et al. "Abstract P666: Covid-19 Geographic Distribution and Stroke Code Activation Within San Diego County." Stroke 52, Suppl_1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introduction: In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased numbers of stroke code activations were reported nationwide. In San Diego County, a diverse region that borders Mexico with over 4500 square miles and population 3.3 million, trends in COVID-19 cases varied geographically. We saw an overall decrease in stroke cases across our systems and aimed to better understand if high COVID infection rates in subregions affected stroke code activations. Methods: Stroke code activation data from 15 Stroke Receiving Centers were matched with COVID-19 case rates by patient home zip code. Patients arriving via emergency medical services (EMS) or private transportation were included. Patients with home zip codes outside of San Diego County were excluded. Data represented the cumulative rate of stroke codes and COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population per zip code for the period of March 1 through June 30, 2020. Results: We counted 1,927 stroke code activations across 106 zip codes in San Diego County. The average stroke code activation rate was 58.4 per 100,000 (range: 0-310.6) The median stroke code activation rate was 55.95 (IQR=32.1-73.1) per 100,000 population. The median COVID rate per zip code was 244.9 (IQR=177-448.4) per 100,000 population. There were 958 (49.7%) non-stroke diagnoses, 576 (29.9%) AIS, 272 (14.1%) TIA, 104 (5.4%) ICH and 17 (.9%) SAH. We did not identify a correlation between stroke code activation rates and COVID rates across zip codes (r=.17, p=.09, 95% CI(-.02, .35)). Conclusions: Across a large and diverse single-county region, no correlation was found between COVID positivity rate per zip code and stroke code activations. We found no decreases in stroke code activations in areas with high COVID rates.
49
Conners, James J., Bichun Ouyang, and Shyam Prabhakaran. "Abstract 3177: Drip and Ship V-code use in the United States - an Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS)." Stroke 43, suppl_1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a3177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Objective: Non-stroke center hospitals often utilize a “drip-and-ship” (DS) method in which the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients are emergently transferred to stroke centers after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA). In October 2008, a new ICD-9 ″V-code″ was approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to identify these patients. We analyzed the use of this V-code in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) in order to characterize rates of use, regional differences, and safety among AIS patients in the United States (US). Methods: We searched the NIS, a database representative of 20% of inpatient admissions in the US, to identify patients with primary diagnosis of stroke using ICD-9 codes (430, 431, 433.01, 433.11, 433.21, 433.31, 433.81, 433.91, 434.01, 434.11, 434.91, or 436) in the last quarter of 2008 and all of 2009. We searched for “drip and ship” coding using the V-code (v45.88) among any of the 15 listed diagnostic codes and for secondary diagnoses of brain hemorrhage (430 or 431) complicating ischemic stroke. We included primary diagnoses of hemorrhage (430 or 431) only if ischemic stroke treatment was provided (DS, thrombolysis on day 0, or any mechanical embolectomy by procedure codes: v45.88, 99.10, and 39.72). We compared demographics, hospital characteristics, and outcomes in DS vs. non-DS thrombolysis patients using univariable statistics. Results: Of the 140,698 AIS discharges from October 2008 to December 2009, 4314 (3.1%) received intravenous thrombolysis and 929 (0.66%) were DS patients based on V-code reporting. V-code reporting increased in each quarter (0.5 to 0.8%, p<0.001 for trend) but varied by geographic region (highest in Midwest: 0.9% vs. lowest in South: 0.3%, p<0.001). The vast majority of DS patients were discharged from teaching hospitals compared to non-DS thrombolysis patients (82.9 vs. 60.9%, p<0.001). DS and non-DS patients were similar by age, sex, weekend admission, and urban location of the receiving hospital. Secondary hemorrhage was significantly lower in DS patients (3.2 vs. 4.9%, p=0.028) while in-hospital mortality was not different (8.6 vs. 10.3%, p=0.118). Conclusion: In our analysis, we found that the “drip-and-ship” method is not uncommon and appropriate coding is increasing in the US. The practice is most prevalent in the Midwest and most patients are transferred to teaching hospitals. The safety of this method appears similar to non-DS tPA use for ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
50
Alderson, T. L., and A. A. Bruen. "Codes from Cubic Curves and their Extensions." Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 15, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.37236/766.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
We study the linear codes and their extensions associated with sets of points in the plane corresponding to cubic curves. Instead of merely studying linear extensions, all possible extensions of the code are studied. In this way several new results are obtained and some existing results are strengthened. This type of analysis was carried out by Alderson, Bruen, and Silverman [J. Combin. Theory Ser. A, 114(6), 2007] for the case of MDS codes and by the present authors [Des. Codes Cryptogr., 47(1-3), 2008] for a broader range of codes. The methods cast some light on the question as to when a linear code can be extended to a nonlinear code. For example, for $p$ prime, it is shown that a linear $[n,3,n-3]_p$ code corresponding to a non-singular cubic curve comprising $n> p+4$ points admits only extensions that are equivalent to linear codes. The methods involve the theory of Rédei blocking sets and the use of the Bruen-Silverman model of linear codes.