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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN"
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Siegfried, Matthew R., Robert L. Hawley und John F. Burkhart. „High-Resolution Ground-Based GPS Measurements Show Intercampaign Bias in ICESat Elevation Data Near Summit, Greenland“. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49, Nr. 6 (September 2011): 3393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2011.2127483.
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The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) collected data from early 2003 to late 2009 with the specific goal of measuring ice-surface elevation changes. While the precision of GLAS instrumentation has been studied over its intended target (ice), its accuracy has only been robustly estimated using independent (terrestrial nonlaser) methods over salt flats. Here, we perform repeat high-precision Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys under four passes of ICESat track 0412 (campaigns L3I, L3J, L2D, and L2E) to compare directly GLAS elevation data footprints to a coincident GPS ground truth near Summit, Greenland. Analysis and comparison of GLAS data with GPS data show a campaign-dependent elevation bias ranging from -0.112 ±0.030 m (L3J) to 0.121 ± 0.071 m (L2E). Although uncorrected reflectance values and field observations both indicate that forward scattering of the laser signal through the atmosphere accounts for the anomalously negative L3J bias, the biases of all campaigns studied are within the instrument's goal accuracy of ±0.15 m. However, our analysis shows a campaign dependence in the bias, which may propagate through estimates of mass balance. The error introduced from intercampaign biases illustrates the importance of long-term independent validation experiments of satellite altimetry data over ice sheets.
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Gibertini, Giuseppe, Silvano Rezzonico, Marco Rossetti und Alex Zanotti. „Experimental Investigation of Helicopter Noise While Approaching an Elevated Helipad“. Aerospace 10, Nr. 8 (09.08.2023): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10080701.
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The present paper describes a test campaign performed to investigate the noise footprint emitted by a helicopter in an idealised urban context, reproducing the approach to an elevated helipad. The test campaign was performed in Politecnico di Milano’s anechoic chamber and was finalised to investigate the effects produced only by helicopter noise. The set up consisted of a two-blade main rotor helicopter model and an aluminium rectangular prism model reproducing the landing building. Ground observer perceptions were recorded by means of a surface microphone and a realistic landing trajectory was approximated as a succession of fixed point measurements. Collected data were analysed through acoustic spectra and sound maps. Spectra were used to comprehend physical phenomena, such as reflection, diffraction and shielding, and to analyse the different contributions of helicopter noise. A sound map analysis enabled us to obtain a global perspective of the involved phenomena and to understand th extent to which people close to a building are stressed by a helicopter approaching an elevated urban helipad. Moreover, the experimental database, obtained over a free geometry, can be considered a useful tool for the validation of aeroacoustic solvers with different levels of fidelity.
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Tihanyi, Viktor, Tamás Tettamanti, Mihály Csonthó, Arno Eichberger, Dániel Ficzere, Kálmán Gangel, Leander B. Hörmann et al. „Motorway Measurement Campaign to Support R&D Activities in the Field of Automated Driving Technologies“. Sensors 21, Nr. 6 (19.03.2021): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062169.
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A spectacular measurement campaign was carried out on a real-world motorway stretch of Hungary with the participation of international industrial and academic partners. The measurement resulted in vehicle based and infrastructure based sensor data that will be extremely useful for future automotive R&D activities due to the available ground truth for static and dynamic content. The aim of the measurement campaign was twofold. On the one hand, road geometry was mapped with high precision in order to build Ultra High Definition (UHD) map of the test road. On the other hand, the vehicles—equipped with differential Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for ground truth localization—carried out special test scenarios while collecting detailed data using different sensors. All of the test runs were recorded by both vehicles and infrastructure. The paper also showcases application examples to demonstrate the viability of the collected data having access to the ground truth labeling. This data set may support a large variety of solutions, for the test and validation of different kinds of approaches and techniques. As a complementary task, the available 5G network was monitored and tested under different radio conditions to investigate the latency results for different measurement scenarios. A part of the measured data has been shared openly, such that interested automotive and academic parties may use it for their own purposes.
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Manni, Mattia, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Alessandro Petrozzi, Andrea Nicolini, Federico Rossi und Franco Cotana. „High-reflective Mulching Membrane for a Sustainable Development: Monitoring Campaign“. E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 08012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019708012.
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Modern agriculture techniques are responsible for the production of large volumes of greenhouse gases that represent the main cause of climate change. At the same time, agricultural activities are negatively affected by climate change effects, showing a reduction in productivity. Within this framework, the present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of an innovative high-reflective mulching membrane that can be exploited in the agricultural sector to mitigate its environmental impact. It consists of a mulching membrane coupled to an irrigation system, and painted with bright pigments on the side facing the skydome. This technology was used in food crop farming in the experimental field in Perugia. Sensors for monitoring solar irradiation, rainwater recovery, and phenological parameters were installed. Data collected during the monitoring campaign conducted in summer demonstrated that the high-reflective membrane was capable to increase the ground solar reflectance up to 0.60, while avoiding the utilization of potable water and water from the aquifer to irrigate the crops. An acceleration of the photosynthesis processes was also observed along with an increment in the productivity: tomatoes grew up to 20% more in weight.
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Marzahn, P., und R. Ludwig. „On the derivation of soil surface roughness from multi parametric PolSAR data and its potential for hydrological modeling“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, Nr. 3 (18.03.2009): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-381-2009.
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Abstract. The potential of multi parametric polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data for soil surface roughness estimation is investigated and its potential for hydrological modeling is evaluated. The study utilizes microwave backscatter collected from the DEMMIN test site in the North East of Germany during the AgriSAR 2006 campaign using fully polarimetric L-band E-SAR data. In addition to various measurements of soil physical properties, soil surface roughness was measured extensively using photogrammetric image matching techniques for ground truthing. The resulting micro-DSMs are analyzed to correlate a soil surface roughness index to three well established polarimetric roughness estimators. Good results are obtained for Re[ρRRLL] vs. RMS Height for areas with a polarimetric alpha angel α<40°, which is thus used to produce multi temporal roughness data of the test site. The proposed roughness inversion scheme showed sufficiently accurate results (RMSE=0.1) to allow for a first order assessment of soil-hydrological parameters (soil porosity, void ratio), which are crucial for the initialization and operation of hydrological surface models. While uncertainties remain, the dependency of soil bulk density parameters from surface roughness can be shown and thus highlights the potential of the retrieval approach for hydrological model applications.
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Sikand, M., J. Koskulics, K. Stamnes, B. Hamre, J. J. Stamnes und R. P. Lawson. „Estimation of Mixed-Phase Cloud Optical Depth and Position Using In Situ Radiation and Cloud Microphysical Measurements Obtained from a Tethered-Balloon Platform“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, Nr. 1 (01.01.2013): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-063.1.
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Abstract Microphysical and radiative measurements in boundary layer mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), consisting of ice crystals and liquid droplets, have been analyzed. These cloud measurements were collected during a May–June 2008 tethered-balloon campaign in Ny-Ålesund, Norway, located at 78.9°N, 11.9°E in the High Arctic. The instruments deployed on the tethered-balloon platform included a radiometer, a cloud particle imager (CPI), and a meteorological package. To analyze the data, a radiative transfer model (RTM) was constructed with two cloud layers—consistent with the CPI data—embedded in a background Rayleigh scattering atmosphere. The mean intensities estimated from the radiometer measurements on the balloon were used in conjunction with the RTM to quantify the vertical structure of the MPC system, while the downward irradiances measured by an upward-looking ground-based radiometer were used to constrain the total cloud optical depth. The time series of radiometer and CPI data obtained while profiling the cloud system was used to estimate the time evolution of the liquid water and ice particle optical depths as well as the vertical location of the two cloud layers.
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Marzahn, P., und R. Ludwig. „On the derivation of soil surface roughness from multi parametric PolSAR data and its potential for hydrological modelling“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, Nr. 6 (28.11.2008): 3383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-3383-2008.
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Abstract. The potential of multi parametric polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data for soil surface roughness estimation is investigated and its potential for hydrological modeling is evaluated. The study utilizes microwave backscatter collected from the DEMMIN test-site in the north-east of Germany during the AgriSAR 2006 campaign using fully polarimetric L-Band E-SAR data. In addition to various measurements of soil physical properties, soil surface roughness was measured extensively using photogrammetric image matching techniques for ground truthing. The resulting micro-DEMs are analyzed to correlate soil surface roughness indices to three well established polarimetric roughness estimators. Good results are obtained for Re[ρRRLL] vs. RMS Height, which is thus used to produce multi-temporal roughness maps of the test site. The spatial quality of maps is limited due to the fact that the presence and growth of particular plants is affecting the derivation process significantly. However, roughness derivation for bare soil surfaces is sufficiently accurate to allow for an first order assessment of soil-hydrological parameters (soil porosity, void ratio, micro depression storage capacity), which are crucial for the initialization and operation of hydrological surface models. While uncertainties remain, the dependency of soil bulk parameters from surface roughness can be shown and thus highlights the potential of the retrieval approach for hydrological model applications.
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Aloysius, M., M. Mohan, K. Parameswaran, S. K. George und P. R. Nair. „Aerosol transport over the Gangetic basin during ISRO-GBP land campaign-II“. Annales Geophysicae 26, Nr. 3 (26.03.2008): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-431-2008.
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Abstract. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Level-3 aerosol optical depth (AOD) data and NCEP (National Centre for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis winds were incorporated into an aerosol flux continuity equation, for a quantitative assessment of the sources of aerosol generation over the Ganga basin in the winter month of December 2004. Preliminary analysis on the aerosol distribution and wind fields showed wind convergence to be an important factor which, supported by the regional topography, confines aerosols in a long band over the Indo Gangetic plain (IGP) stretching from the west of the Thar desert into the Head-Bay-of-Bengal. The prevailing winds of the season carry the aerosols from Head-Bay-of-Bengal along the east coast as far as the southern tip of the peninsular India. A detailed examination of MODIS data revealed significant day-to-day variations in aerosol loading in localised pockets over the central and eastern parts of the Indo Gangetic plain during the second half of December, with AOD values even exceeding unity. Aerosols over the Ganga basin were dominated by fine particles (geometric mean radius ~0.05–0.1μm) while those over the central and western India were dominated by large particles (geometric mean radius ~0.3–0.7μ). Before introducing it into the flux equation, the MODIS derived AOD was validated through a comparison with the ground-based measurements collected at Kharagpur and Kanpur; two stations located over the Ganga basin. The strength of the aerosol generation computed using the flux equation indicated the existence of aerosol sources whose locations almost coincided with the concentration of thermal power plants. The quantitative agreement between the source strength and the power plant concentration, with a correlation coefficient 0.85, pointed to thermal power plants as substantial contributors to the high aerosol loading over the Ganga Basin in winter. The layout of aerosol sources also nearly matched the spatial distribution of the Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), derived from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data, lending additional support to our inference.
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Xueref-Remy, I., C. Messager, D. Filippi, P. Nedelec, M. Ramonet, J. D. Paris und P. Ciais. „Variability and budget of CO<sub>2</sub> in Europe: analysis of the CAATER airborne campaigns – Part 1: Observed variability“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, Nr. 2 (26.02.2010): 5665–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-5665-2010.
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Abstract. Atmospheric airborne measurements of CO2 are very well-suited to estimate the time varying distribution of carbon sources and sinks at the regional scale. We present here an analysis of two cross-European airborne campaigns that have been carried out on 23–26 May 2001 (CAATER 1) and 2–3 October 2002 (CAATER 2) over Western Europe. The area covered during CAATER 1 (respectively CAATER 2) was comprised between longitude 4° W to 14° E and latitude 44° N to 52° N (respectively longitude 1° E to 17° E and latitude 46° N to 52° N). High precision in-situ CO2, CO and Radon 222 measurements have been recorded. Flasks samples have been collected during both campaigns to cross-validate the in-situ data. During CAATER 1 (respectively CAATER 2), the mean CO2 concentration was 370.1±4 ppm (respectively 371.7±5 ppm). A HYSPLIT backtrajectories analysis shows that during CAATER 1, dominant winds were blowing from the north-west. In the planetary boundary layer (PBL) airmasses got contaminated over Benelux and Western Germany by pollution from these high urbanized areas, reaching about 380 ppm. Air masses passing over rural areas are depleted in CO2 because of the photosynthesis activity of the land cover vegetation, as low as 355 ppm. During CAATER 2, the backtrajectory analysis shows that airmasses were distributed among the 4 sectors. Airmasses got enriched in CO2 and CO when passing above polluted spots in Germany but also in Poland, as these countries are known to hold part of the most polluting plants based on coal consumption, the so-called "dirty thirty" from WWF. Simultaneous measurements of in-situ CO2 and CO combined to backtrajectories helped us to discriminate the role of fossil fuel emissions from over CO2 sources. The ΔCO/ΔCO2 ratios (R2=0.33 to 0.88, slopes=2.42 to 10.37), calculated for polluted airmasses originating from different countries/regions, matched quite well national inventories, showing that the airborne measurements can help to identify the role of fossil fuel sources even several days/hundreds of kms further in the PBL. CO2 observations have been compared to surrounding ground stations measurements, confirming that the stations located near the ground (ex. CBW, WES, HUN) are representative of the local scale, while those located in the free troposphere (FT) are representative of atmospheric CO2 on a regional scale of a few hundred kilometers (ex. CMN). Stations located several 100 km away measure CO2 concentrations different from a few ppm, indicating the existence of a gradient of a few ppm in the free troposphere. Observations at stations located on top of small mountains (ex. SCH, PUY) match or not the airborne data whether they sample air from the FT or air coming up from the valley. Finally, the analysis of the CO2 vertical variability conducted on the 14 profiles recorded per campaign shows that is at least 5 to 8 times higher in the PBL (4 ppm and 5.7 ppm for CAATER 1 and CAATER 2, respectively) than in the FT (0.5 ppm and 1.1 ppm for CAATER 1 and CAATER 2, respectively). The CO2 jump between the PBL and the FT equals 3.7 ppm for the first campaign and −0.3 ppm for the second campaign. A very striking zonal CO2 gradient of about 11 ppm could be observed in the mid-troposphere during CAATER 2, with higher concentrations in the West than in the East. This gradient could originate from differences in atmospheric mixing, ground emission rates or a earlier beginning of the Fall in the west. More airborne campaigns are currently under analysis in the framework of the CARBOEUROPE-IP project to better assess the role of these different hypothesis. In a companion paper (Xueref-Remy et al., 2010), a comparison of vertical profiles from observations and several modeling frameworks is conducted for both campaigns. An attempt to calculate CO2 fluxes during CAATER 1 using CO2 and Radon-222 observations and modeling tools is also carried out.
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Arthur, Dan K., Sonia Lasher-Trapp, Ayman Abdel-Haleem, Nicholas Klosterman und David S. Ebert. „A New Three-Dimensional Visualization System for Combining Aircraft and Radar Data and Its Application to RICO Observations“. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, Nr. 5 (01.05.2010): 811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecha1395.1.
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Abstract The analysis of diverse datasets from meteorological field campaigns often involves the use of separate 1D or combined 2D plots from various applications, making the determination of spatial and temporal relationships and correlations among these data, and the overall synthesis of information, extremely challenging. Presented here is a new 3D visualization tool, the Aircraft and Radar Data Collocation and Analysis in 3D (ARCA3D), that can combine data collected from different sources and at different scales, utilizing advanced visualization and user interface techniques, which allows for easier comparison and synthesis of such disparate data. The 3D tool is demonstrated with aircraft-based microphysical probe data and ground-based dual-polarization radar data all collected during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign. The 3D volumes of radar data can be interactively selected and quantitatively probed, while aircraft-measured variables can be viewed along the aircraft track plotted within the 3D radar volumes or plotted as time series within regions of interest relative to the radar echoes. The greatest benefits of the new software, the 3D viewing of large radar and aircraft datasets with user-driven controls, are difficult to communicate here in a static, 2D written medium, but the application of the tool toward a research problem is presented to elucidate the impacts of these benefits. The ARCA3D software is used to investigate the possible role of giant aerosol particles in the development of precipitation in trade wind cumuli. The temporal trends in the spatial location of the maximum differential reflectivity echoes within the clouds are examined with respect to the ambient giant aerosol number concentration and the measured cloud-base droplet number concentrations on 10 days. The results indicate that in trade wind cumuli of sufficient depth, giant aerosol may determine the original location of the earliest differential reflectivity maximum echo, and thus the first raindrops when present in higher number concentrations. However, when the giant aerosol are less plentiful, the number of cloud droplets activated above the cloud base may also play a role in determining the location of the earliest maximum differential reflectivity echo, and thus the earliest raindrops, in these trade wind cumuli.
Dissertationen zum Thema "COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN"
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GAKHAR, SHALINI. „DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTRAL-SPATIAL STRATEGIES FOR DETECTION OF ENGINEERED OBJECTS USING HYPERSPECTRAL DATA“. Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18905.
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Humans all across the globe migrate to cities/urban areas in search of better livelihood. In India alone, the migrant population moving to cities is likely to rise to 40% by 2030. Urbanization takes a heavy toll of the scarce resources. Besides, there are many adverse environmental effects of rapid urbanization. Urban planners, therefore, have to continuously control and monitor the urban expansion, plan amenities, make judicious allocation of lands for industries, residences and agriculture, ensure low environmental pollution and simultaneously also address several other challenges of urban planning.
Remote sensing in general has been a very important supporting tool in the hands of urban planners in assessment of existing urban growth particularly in extraction of different levels of urban engineered surfaces such as roads and roofs etc. and its interpolation to assess future urban growth. The development in the field of remote sensing has therefore always been of interest to urban planners. The development of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing has further enabled urban planners in better assessment of urban expanse. However, though hyperspectral data is significantly more useful to the urban planners, it comes with its own set of challenges such as spectral variability, mixed pixel problems, accuracy requirements, requirement of recovery shape for correct identification of urban engineered surfaces (roads and roofs), selection of an appropriate approach such as target detection/classification/machine learning approach for information extraction providing better accuracy etc.
The present Thesis explores one of the relevant problems useful for urban planners i.e development of spectral-spatial strategies for detection of engineered objects using hyperspectral data. This problem has been explored under three
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objectives. The first objective deals with an exhaustive comparative assessment of standard spectral target detection algorithms for engineered objects using hyperspectral data, under four categories. Various algorithms reported in literature have been considered for comparison. The second objective involves, development of different strategies for detection of engineered objects. It has been performed under two sub-objectives. In the first part, spectral - spatial urban target detection using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been explored. The second part explores, detection of the engineered surfaces (roads and roofs) using deep learning approach. The last objective expounds mixed pixel analysis and shape identification of engineered objects using hyperspectral data. This is also done in two parts, the first part deals with extraction of urban targets using fusion of spectral and shape features, and the second part deals with urban target detection using super-resolution mapping approach by recovery of shape.
The data for the research is Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) hyperspectral data collected during a joint ISRO-NASA campaign held during 2016-2017. For the present study, urban hyperspectral data for Udaipur, Rajasthan captured during February 2016 has been used.
For comparative assessment, different categories of target detection algorithms have been considered for extraction of roads and roofs. This has been implemented using reference spectra using both the in-scene (derived from image) and in-field (collected while ground data campaign) spectra. One of the findings of the results suggests that, Mahanalobis angle measure may be one of the robust angle measures for detection of roads and roofs. Besides in general, it is found that machine learning based methods such as ANN and ELM perform better amongst all the measures.
Associating spatial information such as morphological attribute profiles along with spectral signatures of labelled pixels of targets have yielded higher accuracy as
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compared to standard target detection methods. The approach seems to perform better when targets of interests are composed of similar materials. For instance, roads and roofs are often made up of concrete, asphalt etc. and therefore purely spectra-based delineation of these two surfaces is challenging. Further, CNN based measures appear to provide higher accuracy in automated feature extraction of complex urban targets with minimal human intervention.
Spectral similarity of urban targets and coarse resolution of the sensor poses multiple challenges in their detection. Extraction of shape of urban engineered surfaces is an important part in urban planning. Therefore, two shape based features, exploiting the spatial aspect of hyperspectral data are proposed. Additionally, the shape of urban engineered surfaces (roads and roofs) is enhanced using unmixing based super resolution approach by taking the neighbouring pixels into account.
The study, however, restricts itself in terms of extraction of different levels of roads and roofs. Besides, the study does not link up with extraction of road and roof surfaces with different urban applications such as determination of road and roof conditions and aging. These and several other relevant issues may be explored in future.
Bücher zum Thema "COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN"
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Kumlin, Staffan, und Achim Goerres. Election Campaigns and Welfare State Change. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869214.001.0001.
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Abstract For over three decades, mature European welfare states have been on their way into an austerity phase marked by greater need and more insecure revenues. A number of reform pressures—including population ageing, unemployment, economic globalization, and increased migration—call into question the economic sustainability and normative underpinning of transfer systems and public services. And while welfare states long seemed resilient to growing challenges, it now seems clear that they are changing. This book examines how political leaders and the public respond to reform pressures at a pivotal moment in a mass democracy: the election campaign. Do campaigns facilitate debate and attention to welfare state challenges? Do political parties present citizens with distinct choices as to how challenges might be met? Do leaders prepare citizens for the idea that some policies may be painful? Do party messages have adaptive consequences for how the public perceives the need for reform? Do citizens adjust their normative support for welfare policies in the process? Overall, the answers to these questions affect how we understand welfare state change and the functioning of representative democracy in an era of mounting challenges. The book builds on an integrated set of data sources collected by the authors. These include information about campaign themes from a large number of countries across three decades, content analysis of party leader speeches from the largest parties in Germany, Norway, and Sweden in the 2000s, as well as experiments and panel survey data from these countries.
Buchteile zum Thema "COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN"
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Mahmoudi, Elham, Jan Düllmann, Lukas Heußner, Raoul Hölter, Andre Lamert, Shorash Miro, Thomas Möller et al. „Advance Reconnaissance and Optimal Monitoring“. In Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling, 9–91. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24066-9_2.
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AbstractEffective exploration techniques during mechanized tunneling are of high importance in order to prevent severe surface settlements as well as a damage of the tunnel boring machine, which in turn would lead to additional costs and a standstill in the construction process. A seismic methodology called full waveform inversion can bring a considerable improvement compared to state-of-the-art seismic methods in terms of precision. Another method of exploration during mechanized tunneling is to continuously monitor subsurface behavior and then use this data to identify disturbances through pattern recognition and machine learning techniques. Various probabilistic methods for conducting system identification and proposing an appropriate monitoring plan are developed in this regard. Furthermore, ground conditions can be determined by studying boring machine data collected during the excavation. The active and passive obtained data during performance of a shield driven machine were used to estimate soil parameters. The monitoring campaign can be extended to include above-ground structural surveillance as well as terrestrial and satellite data to track displacements of existing infrastructure caused by tunneling. The available radar data for the Wehrhahn-line project are displayed and were utilized to precisely monitor the process of anticipated uplift by injections and any subsequent ground building settlements.
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Hoang, Thanh-Van, Tien-Yin Chou, Yao-Min Fang, Chun-Tse Wang, Ming Chang Tsai, Quoc Dinh Nguyen, Quoc Huy Nguyen, Quang Thanh Bui und Quoc Tuan Nguyen. „Application of Global Satellite Positioning and Automatic Monitoring in Slopeland Disaster Prevention“. In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 147–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_12.
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AbstractThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is satellite-based, with receiving equipment worldwide utilizing geographic positioning satellites in Earth orbit. The system is unaffected by the radio positioning system, so it provides highly accurate three-dimensional positioning, velocity, and time data to users. In this paper, Alishan Township, Chiayi County, central Taiwan, is selected to test an automatic real-time monitoring system comprising of one machine with multiple GPS antennas. To this end, the Alishan Public Works Section installed advanced measuring instruments and a landslide-monitoring system composed of a high-efficiency transmission system. A pre- and post-rainfall data survey was conducted on this slope section. Together with the rainfall records, real-time ground-slip monitoring data was collected, and subsequently analyzed to understand the disaster situation and ground slip characteristics of the Alishan Highway following an earthquake (1998). In the future, more effective management values will be set to reduce the loss of slope disasters to conserve land and public safety. For the first time in Taiwan, this paper presents displacement data indicating that after the typhoon rains, a maximum surface movement velocity of 2.5 cm every six days is attained, while the total displacement per month is as high as 10 cm. These data can be used as for the remediation of this section of the Alishan Highway.
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Ali, Murad. „Monitoring and Evaluation in South-South Cooperation: The Case of CPEC in Pakistan“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 289–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_13.
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AbstractPakistan is a key country in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) where the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is under implementation. An investment model of financing through loans, grants and private investments, CPEC is an example of South-South cooperation (SSC) having a number of benefits for both countries. Aimed at developing energy, industry, and communication infrastructure, the corridor initially valued at $46 billion but is now worth $62 billion. CPEC is expected to contribute significantly to socio-economic development and regional connectivity and trade. The main research question is, while implementing projects in Pakistan, to what extent China adheres to its avowed principles comprising features such as mutual respect, non-conditionality, equality, building local capacity and addressing actual needs of partner countries. Based mainly on the analysis of primary data collected during fieldwork in Pakistan, this research explores the extent to which the official narrative influences the actual practice of China’s development cooperation on the ground. To critically examine CPEC, this chapter uses a monitoring and evaluation framework developed by the Network of Southern Think Tanks (NeST), which is dedicated to generating systematic and clearly comparable knowledge on SSC (Besharati et al. 2017). The findings illustrate that, as per the five broad dimensions of the SSC framework, the China–Pakistan partnership under CPEC has performed well in the four areas of inclusive national ownership, horizontality, self-reliance and sustainability, and development effectiveness, but it has lagged in accountability and transparency.
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Lund, Brady. „The Cryptocurrency “Pump-and-Dump”“. In Handbook of Research on Cyber Law, Data Protection, and Privacy, 202–11. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8641-9.ch012.
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This chapter describes the author's personal experience as a member of a crypto-trading “pump-and-dump” group – groups organized on Reddit and Discord channels that use social media to spread positive misinformation about a cryptocurrency in order to temporarily inflate its value and collect huge profits. It discusses the nature of cryptocurrency marketplaces, social networking related to crypto, the pump-and-dump phenomenon, its social and economic impacts, and ethical concerns. Following the rise in the value of Bitcoin and the WallStreetBets/GameStop saga in December 2020 and January 2021, these pump-and-dump groups used the frenzy surrounding “get rich quick” investing to generate inordinate profits off of these ambitious individuals' losses. Rallying around a shared philosophy and profit motive, these groups utilized social media disinformation campaigns to fool new crypto investors in squandering their funds, often while failing to acknowledge the legal and ethical conundrum of stealing from the poor and ambitious.
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Bengson, John, Terence Cuneo und Russ Shafer-Landau. „Philosophical Data“. In Philosophical Methodology, 35–53. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192862464.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the nature of philosophical data, identifying their four basic features—data about data. Data are claims that are (i) inquiry-constraining, (ii) starting points for inquiry, (iii) collected via certain procedures, and (iv) neutral. This chapter also confronts and seeks to dispel worries about the theory-ladenness of data, which calls into doubt features (ii) and (iv). The discussion then turns to critically assessing three theories of data. The sociological theory treats data as claims that inquirers provisionally agree on; the metaphysical theory construes data as constitutive features of reality; the psycho-linguistic theory sees data as claims about psychological or linguistic phenomena, such as appearances or how language is used. While each theory handles at least two of the four features of data, each theory also fails to capture at least one of them. This prepares the ground for the presentation and defense, in Chapter 3, of the epistemic theory of data.
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Amoo, Emmanuel O., Mofoluwake P. Ajayi, Faith O. Olanrewaju, Tomike Olawande und Adebanke Olawole-Isaac. „Child Swaddling or Back Wrapping During Street Trading“. In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 254–76. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0329-4.ch012.
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The study is premised on social responsibility and social epidemiological theories and examined the exposure of back-wrapped babies to health risk during street trading. Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews and snowballing techniques among 228 Street trading women (with children aged ≤ 11 months), in one local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Data analyses involved univariate and multivariate methods. The results show that 58.3% of women interviewed wrapped their babies at their back while trading on the streets, ≥80% were not aware of any campaign against baby back-wrapping, 35% viewed baby back-wrapping as medicinal for the baby, and as traditional practice (59.2%). The multivariate analysis revealed that children wrapped while trading on the street are at higher risk of exposure to illness than those not back wrapped (OR=1.778, p=0.042). The authors suggested media campaign against back-wrapping baby while trading on the street to reduce exposure to diseases, mortalities and possibly achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG-3).
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Amoo, Emmanuel O., Mofoluwake P. Ajayi, Faith O. Olanrewaju, Tomike Olawande und Adebanke Olawole-Isaac. „Child Swaddling or Back Wrapping During Street Trading“. In Research Anthology on Measuring and Achieving Sustainable Development Goals, 403–21. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3885-5.ch021.
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The study is premised on social responsibility and social epidemiological theories and examined the exposure of back-wrapped babies to health risk during street trading. Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews and snowballing techniques among 228 Street trading women (with children aged ≤ 11 months), in one local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Data analyses involved univariate and multivariate methods. The results show that 58.3% of women interviewed wrapped their babies at their back while trading on the streets, ≥80% were not aware of any campaign against baby back-wrapping, 35% viewed baby back-wrapping as medicinal for the baby, and as traditional practice (59.2%). The multivariate analysis revealed that children wrapped while trading on the street are at higher risk of exposure to illness than those not back wrapped (OR=1.778, p=0.042). The authors suggested media campaign against back-wrapping baby while trading on the street to reduce exposure to diseases, mortalities and possibly achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG-3).
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Ferrara, Roberto, Stefano Arrizza, Andrea Ventura, Bachisio Arca, Michele Salis, Angelo Arca, Pierpaolo Masia, Pierpaolo Duce und Grazia Pellizzaro. „Structure characterization on Mediterranean forest stand using terrestrial laser scanning“. In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 385–87. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_61.
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Forest stands plays an important role in Western Mediterranean ecosystems, their characterization it is needed for a whole comprehension of natural dynamics and for an efficient forestry management. The definition of the structural parameters of forest vegetation is a useful information for different environmental applications, such as studies on carbon dynamics, sustainable forest management, ecological studies, forest fuel studies and fire risk management. A precise description of the forest is particularly important for fire hazard mitigation planning because allows predictions of the potential fire behavior and its destructive effects. Obtaining detailed information on forest stand and canopy variables requires extensive, difficult, and laborious field campaigns. Remote and proximal sensing techniques for forest monitoring have become popular in recent decades. Specifically, Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), based on Lidar technology, has demonstrated its potential to overcome the limitations of the conventional ground-based forest inventory techniques, but the accuracy and applicability of TLS techniques for estimation of tree attributes and canopy characterization, presupposes a correct separation between points representing shrubs, woody material, leaves and small branches and needs further investigations. In this work we developed and tested an automatic procedure based on the point density algorithms DBSCAN, to correctly separate points representing shrubs, woody material, leaves, and small branches at plot level, in order to identify woody material volumes, tree density and canopy cover on a forest stand. The study was carried out in several areas located in Sardinia, Italy, mainly covered by pine forest, mixed forest, and oak forest with different understory types. Destructive and non-destructive measurements were done inside circular plots of 10 m radius. TLS data sets were collected in field by multiple scanning of the plots. The 3D point clouds were processed for isolating trees, ground and understory and subsequently for separating wood from foliage. Cloud points were partitioned in cubic volumes (voxels) that were used as input to separate stand components (by applying principal component analysis) and to generate wood and no-wood clusters (by applying the point density algorithm DBSCAN). The first results obtained show that the proposed method allows to correctly identify foliage, trunk and main branches especially when the underlying layer is dominated by low herbaceous vegetation. However, further studies are needed to assess the ability of this method in forest stands characterized by high and dense undergrowth and with different species of trees.
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Bilgin, Yavuz, Selin Metin Camgoz, Mehmet Baha Karan und Yilmaz Yildiz. „Understanding the Investment Behavior of Individual Investors“. In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 228–46. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2559-3.ch011.
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The FOREX market has become a popular ground amongst all kinds of market players. The leverage transactions of the market that may generate higher profit levels with low capital/investments make it very attractive for the individual risk takers. The research investigates the trading behavior of FOREX investors relying on the survey data collected from 167 Turkish investors in 2019. Within the scope of the research, the authors evaluate whether and to what extent behavioral factors, namely demographic characteristics; personal characteristics such as personality traits, love of money, and biases like disposition effect influence investment performance. The results reveal that among the personality traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness have a positive impact while disposition effect and love of money have a negative impact on the performance of investors. Additional analysis suggests that the effects of personality traits and biases on trading performance remarkably change among subgroups of investors regarding their income level.
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Bilgin, Yavuz, Selin Metin Camgoz, Mehmet Baha Karan und Yilmaz Yildiz. „Understanding the Investment Behavior of Individual Investors“. In Research Anthology on Personal Finance and Improving Financial Literacy, 21–39. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8049-3.ch002.
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The FOREX market has become a popular ground amongst all kinds of market players. The leverage transactions of the market that may generate higher profit levels with low capital/investments make it very attractive for the individual risk takers. The research investigates the trading behavior of FOREX investors relying on the survey data collected from 167 Turkish investors in 2019. Within the scope of the research, the authors evaluate whether and to what extent behavioral factors, namely demographic characteristics; personal characteristics such as personality traits, love of money, and biases like disposition effect influence investment performance. The results reveal that among the personality traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness have a positive impact while disposition effect and love of money have a negative impact on the performance of investors. Additional analysis suggests that the effects of personality traits and biases on trading performance remarkably change among subgroups of investors regarding their income level.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN"
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Pascioni, Kyle, Michael Watts, James Stephenson, Eric Greenwood und Charles Smith. „Medium-Sized Helicopter Noise Abatement Flight Test“. In Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16497.
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An extensive flight test campaign was recently completed, which aims to reduce the operational noise generated by helicopters in an effort to improve community acceptance. Using a ground-based microphone array, acoustic measurements were acquired on helicopters in the medium-sized vehicle weight class over a number of flight conditions including steady level flight, steady descents, and approaches. While data were collected across four helicopters, the Leonardo AW139 and Sikorsky S-76D will be the focus of this paper. Source noise hemispheres are computed for the steady test points, but the ground noise contours measured during approach conditions cover only a small portion of the area impacted by noise because of practical constraints on the size of the deployed array. Thus, the Noise Informed Community Environment Operations Planning System (NICEOPS) in conjunction with the flight test data was used to estimate how changes in the approach procedures impact noise exposure over a larger ground area. It was found that even small longitudinal accelerations can have a substantial influence on the noise generation processes during approach and must be modeled appropriately to develop new flight procedures which minimize the acoustic impact on the ground.
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Ferguson, Eric L., Marco Castillo, Abraham Kazzaz und Toby F. Dunner. „Case Study on the Impacts of an Automated Condition Assessment System Deployed Across Offshore Production Facilities“. In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211273-ms.
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Abstract Objectives / Scope Continuous Fabric Maintenance (FM) is crucial for uninterrupted operations on offshore oil and gas platforms. A primary FM goal is managing equipment degradation onset across the production facilities. General Vision Inspection (GVI) programs target timely detection and grading of defects such as corrosion severity, coating condition, and likelihood-of-failure. These processes are costly, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and must be conducted on-site. Moreover, inspection findings are subjective and provide incomplete asset coverage, leading to increased risk of unplanned shutdowns. Insights from inspection programs feed into the prioritization of equipment maintenance and defect remediation. The impacts of an Automated Condition Assessment system on FM efficiency, risk reduction, maintenance cost reduction, and required manpower are demonstrated in practice across four offshore deep water production facilities. Methods, Procedures, Process Inspection Data is collected across the entirety of the facilities using a terrestrial scanner. Corrosion onset, coating degradation, and equipment is detected, classified, and identified across the facility using the Automated Condition Assessment System, empowered by machine learning and computer vision algorithms. Equipment is tagged with unique piping line numbers per design, fixed equipment tags, or a unique asset identification number. Detected defects and equipment tags are registered together, which results in a comprehensive equipment condition database. Each of these individual tags will be used to group together all relevant images and point out potential defects. By amalgamizing the different perspectives, the coverage on each asset will be increased. This includes imagery-based examples as well as holistic point cloud coverage which are used to better prioritize asset management and maintenance processes. Results, Observations, Conclusions Recommendations and their impacts from the Automated Condition Assessment System are compared against recommendations and impacts from the standard GVI process (i.e., physical walkdowns) conducted one year earlier. The GVI process gives gross estimations either by block/ or paint region. The Automated Condition Assessment System uses volumetric data given by scans to report results in various segmentations. These include: per block, line, area, and height groupings. Reported results are averaged across the four deep water production facilities. The Automated Condition Assessment System achieved increased inspection coverage, at a reduced cost, with decreased PoB (Person on Board) requirements. Facility inspection coverage rose from 15% to >95%, with a 6% of the usual PoB requirement, and at a 50% inspection cost reduction. Work packs are created based on the Automated Condition Assessment System recommendations. Better prioritization of maintenance resulted in an estimated 86% reduction in maintenance costs, over a two year period. Novel/Additive Information The Automated Condition Assessment system contributes directly to greater risk awareness, targeted remediation strategies, improving the overall efficiency of the asset management process, reducing maintenance costs, and the down-time of offshore facilities. Fabric Maintenance campaigns vary across many operators in the offshore oil and gas space and can largely depend on cost of PoB. Since painting, remediation, and coating can be such a high-volume task, a large number of people are required to paint a portion of the platform in a short period of time. Many operators cannot afford to have large PoB requirements for their offshore Fabric Maintenance campaigns, so they employ strategies to reduce the time and personnel allocation. For example, an operator may choose to have a parallel strategy where two separate teams address Fabric Maintenance related problems offshore. One team will be dedicated to pursuing issues which are in more critical condition and in risk of becoming nominated for a complete replacement. When an item is replaced instead of remediated, painted, or re-coated the implications of cost increase ten-fold. One paint job’s associated cost could be as low as a few thousand dollars while a full replacement job offshore could be requiring a significant engineering, construction and planning effort amassing to several hundred thousand dollars. Another team could be dedicated to painting by block or designated region. The focus of this team is to address all non-critical issues while also repainting any defects found during their campaign. However, the critical issues cannot be addressed by this team due to the delicate nature of the asset condition. Varying approaches to Fabric Maintenance can also include a dedicated on-site team for painting and remediation or a rotational program that addresses the entire facility. It should also be clear that remediation, coating and painting is not limited to process equipment but can also include structural and safety equipment.
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Giachin, Anthony, J. Josiah Steckenrider und Gregory Freisinger. „A Data-Driven Approach for Estimating Postural Control Using an Inertial Measurement Unit“. In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70518.
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Abstract In this paper, we propose a probabilistic multi-Gaussian parameter estimation technique which addresses the complex relationship between acceleration and ground force signals used to derive a human’s static center of pressure. The intent of this work is to develop an accurate accelerometer-based method for determining postural control and neuromuscular status which is more portable and cost-effective than force plate-based techniques. Acceleration data was collected using an inertial measurement unit while ground reaction forces were simultaneously measured using a force plate. Various metrics were calculated from both sensors and probabilistic data models were built to characterize the relationships between the two sensors. These models were used to predict force-based postural control metrics corresponding to observed acceleration metrics. Data collected from one participant was used as a training set to which the test data of two individuals were then applied. We conclude that converted acceleration-based metrics on average can accurately predict all the corresponding force-based metrics we studied here. Furthermore, the proposed multi-Gaussian parameter estimation approach outperforms a more basic linear transformation technique for 75% of the metrics studied, as evidenced by an increase in correlation coefficients between true and estimated force plate metrics.
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Neves, A. C., K. Maes, Ignacio Gonzalez und Raid Karoumi. „A combined model-free Artificial Neural Network-based method with clustering for novelty detection: The case study of the KW51 railway bridge“. In IABSE Conference, Seoul 2020: Risk Intelligence of Infrastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/seoul.2020.181.
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<p>Clustering is one of the most commonly employed exploratory data analysis technique to get some valuable insight about the structure of data. It is considered to be an unsupervised learning method as there is no ground truth to compare the output of the algorithm with the true labels of the data. However, the intention in this work is not to evaluate the performance of the algorithm but to try to investigate the structure of the data and underlying patterns.</p><p>This paper proposes an approach for condition assessment of bridges based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) combined with data clustering. The approach is developed and validated through a monitoring campaign. The one span ballasted railway bridge was subjected to retrofitting and in the course of the several states - before, during and after retrofitting - data on relevant properties of the bridge has been collected. The data collected in the before retrofitting state was used to train ANNs. Over time, new measurements are collected from the bridge under the new states and presented to the trained ANNs. The predictions by the ANNs can be compared to real measurements and prediction errors can be obtained. Based on statistical data analysis of the prediction errors by means of clustering techniques, the ANN is able to identify the different states of the structure.</p>
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Holder, John, und John Tritschler. „Design and Conduct of a Flight Test to Investigate Hover In-Ground-Effect Performance over Sloped Terrain“. In Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14735.
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This paper presents flight test results from a research investigation into the effect of sloping terrain on hover power required. The investigation involved flight test data that were collected for a UH-72A Lakota helicopter while hovering inside ground effect above sloped terrain of varied gradients, in several aircraft orientations and multiple heights above the ground. Performance data were collected over a range of thrust coefficients by varying aircraft weight, rotor speed and environmental conditions over two sorties. The data are compared and contrasted to provide specific insight into the effects of slope magnitude, slope orientation, and rotor hub height. The results demonstrate that hovering over sloping terrain yields performance effects that are both non-intuitive and operationally significant. In particular, the effect of the sloping terrain was seen, in some conditions, to cause power requirements that exceed those for hover out-of-ground-effect, a traditional worst-case value for pre-mission performance planning.
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Andreini, Antonio, Bruno Facchini, Luca Mangani, Stefano Cocchi und Roberto Modi. „Fuel Flexibility Test Campaign on a GE10 Gas Turbine: Experimental and Numerical Results“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90510.
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Medium- and low-LHV fuels are receiving a continuously growing interest in stationary power applications. Besides that, since in many applications the fuels available at a site can be time by time of significantly different composition, fuel flexibility has become one of the most important requirements to be taken into account in developing power systems. A test campaign, aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of a small power gas turbine’s fuel flexibility, was carried over a full-scale GE10 prototypical unit, located at the Nuovo-Pignone manufacturing site, in Florence. The engine is a single shaft, simple cycle gas turbine designed for power generation applications, rated at 11 MW electrical power and equipped with a silos-type combustor. A variable composition gas fuel was obtained by mixing natural gas with CO2 to about 40% by vol. at engine base-load condition. Tests involved two different diffusive combustion systems: the standard version, designed for operation with natural gas, and a specific system designed for low-LHV fuels. Tests performed aimed to investigate both ignition limits and combustors’ performances, focusing on hot parts’ temperatures and pollutant emissions. Regarding NOx emissions, data collected during standard combustor’s tests were matched a simple scaling law (as a function of cycle parameters and CO2 concentration in the fuel mixture), which can be used in similar applications as a NOx predictive tool. In a following step, a CFD study was performed in order to verify in detail the effects of LHV reduction on flame structure and to compare measured and calculated NOx. STAR-CD™ code was employed as main CFD solver while turbulent combustion and NOx models were specifically developed and implemented using STAR’s user-subroutine features. Both models are based on classical laminar-flamelet approach. Three different operating points were considered at base-load conditions, varying CO2 concentration (0%, 20% and 30% vol. simulated). Numerical simulations point out the flexibility of the GE10 standard combustor to assure flame stabilization even against large variation of fuel characteristics. Calculated NOx emissions are in fairly good agreement with measured data confirming the validity of the adopted models.
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Silva, Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro, Jacqueline Andréia Bernardes Leão Cordeiro, Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago Vilanova Costa, Fábio Silvestre Ataides und Liliane Emilly dos Santos Sousa. „THE IMPORTANCE OF PINK OCTOBER CAMPAIGN ON BREAST CANCER AWARENESS IN BRAZIL: EVIDENCE BASED ON GOOGLE TRENDS“. In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2114.
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Objectives: To assess the magnitude of the international movement “Pink October” in Google Search and YouTube, using the Google Trends tool. Methodology: Analyses were carried out using the Google Trends tool on Google Search and YouTube, applying the descriptor “Breast Cancer,” both in English and Portuguese. Trends data were indexed from 0 to 100, where 0 is no search on the topic and 100 represents the maximum search interest for the selected period and location. Duplicate searches, repeated by the same person, were eliminated in the Google Trends statistic. Results: Billions of searches are performed on the Google Search and YouTube per day, and by evaluating these data, Trends can be considered one of the largest real-time data sets in the world. Examining what people search for provides a unique perspective on what they are currently interested and curious about. Throughout 2019, except for the month of October, the descriptor “breast cancer” had an average search popularity of 25 points, with a range of 18 to 46 points. However, searches for the descriptor “breast cancer” intensified substantially on October. In Google Search category, searches peaked (100 points) between October 20 and 26, while on YouTube, the peak was reached on October 13 to 19, 2019. In a time range, on August 22, 2019, the interest was 38 points; on August 29, 2019, it jumped to 82 points, reaching its maximum peak of interest on September 20, 2019; and finally, on November 3, 2019, it dropped to 46 points. These data were collected at the national level, but the same trends are perceived worldwide. Conclusion: Using Google Trends, evaluation was possible to perceive the importance of Pink October Campaign to encourage the population to actively participate in the fight against breast cancer, influencing the search for information about in Google Search and YouTube, thus fulfilling one of its purposes.
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Mucchi, Emiliano, und Antonio Vecchio. „Experimental Vibro-Acoustic Transfer Path Analysis on Helicopters“. In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12437.
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The Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) presented in this paper has been performed on the Agusta Westland AW-109 helicopter. A combination of laboratory measured FRFs and in-flight operational data has been gathered: while the structural and acoustic FRFs have been collected in a measurement campaign held at Politecnico of Milan employing the helicopter mock-up, the operational data, i.e. the paths acceleration, were obtained on the actual helicopter in a succeeding session that took place in the Agusta Westland factory. Since the data analysis has brought to light some corrupted data concerning the set of the structural FRFs, an attempt to perform the TPA using POLYMAX synthesized FRFs has been brought to completion with the aim of verifying at first the reliability of such an approach and then to assess whether this technique could be employed to substitute corrupted data with synthesized ones when the database occurred to be unreliable.
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Bravo, Maria Cecilia, Yon Blanco, Mauro Firinu, Tosi Gianbattista, Eriksen Martin, Brondbo Erik, Scott Paul, Jules El-Khoury, Mathias Horstmann und Shahid Haq. „Reservoir Fluid Mapping While Drilling: Untapping the Barents Sea“. In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201019-ms.
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Abstract In complex and sensitive environments such as the northern Barents Sea, operations face multiple challenges, both technically and logistically. The use of logging while drilling (LWD) technology mitigates risks and assures acquisition of formation evaluation data in a complex trajectory. All data gathering was performed in LWD and provided the kernel for interpretation; alternate scenarios utilizing pipe conveyed wireline elevated risk factors as well as higher overall costs. Novel technology was required for this data acquisition, including fluid mapping while drilling (FMWD) that allows fluid identification with the use of downhole fluid analysis (DFA) using optical spectrometry as well as the retrieval of downhole fluid samples and a unique sourceless multifunction LWD tool delivering key data for the petrophysical evaluation. This paper presents a case study of the first application of a combination of FMWD and a petrophysical LWD toolstring in the Barents Sea. An excellent contribution to the operator of the PL229 that have pushed the boundaries of the formation sampling while drilling and set the basis to challenge the potentiality of this technique and improve the knowledge of the methodology that are the ultimate goals of this paper. Methods, procedures, process Hydrocarbon exploration, production, and transport in the Barents Sea are challenging. The shallow and complex reservoirs are at low temperature and pressure, potentially with gas caps. The Goliat field is the first offshore oil development in this environment, producing from two reservoirs: Realgrunnen and Kobbe. As part of the Goliat field infill drilling campaign with the aim of adding reserves and increase production, PL229 license operator drilled a highly deviated pilot hole to confirm hydrocarbons contacts in the undrained Snadd formation, which lie between two producing reservoirs. A successful data acquisition would not only provide information on the structure of the reservoir but would also assess the insitu movable fluid: type of hydrocarbon or water. FMWD allowed insitu fluid identification with the use of DFA, enabling RT evaluation of hydrocarbon composition as well as the filtrate contamination prior to filling the sampling bottles for further laboratory analysis. All data was acquired while drilling and using a comprehensive real-time visualization interface. Results, observation, conclusion Extensive prejob planning was conducted to optimize the operation. Dynamic fluid invasion simulations were used to estimate the required cleanup times to reach low contaminations. Simulations showed there was significant advantage in cleanup times when sampling soon after drilling. Honoring the natural environment, a unique sourceless multifunction LWD tool was used to acquire data for petrophysical evaluation-GR, resistivity, radioisotope-free density and neutron porosity, elemental capture spectroscopy, and sigma. Fluid mapping in a single run was key to efficiently resolve the insitu fluid type and composition. Critical hydrocarbon samples were collected soon after the formation was drilled to minimize mud filtrate invasion and reduce cleanup times. Multiple pressure measurements were acquired and six downhole fluid samples at low contamination (∼3% confirmed by laboratory) collected at several stations in variable mobilities. One scanning station was done at a zone were a physical sample was not required to confirm absence of gas cap. The DFA capabilities and ability to assess composition and control the fluid cleanup from surface allowed critical decisions to complete the acquisition program in this remote complex environment, all while drilling. In conclusion, FMWD results facilitated the placement decisions of the horizontal drain in this reservoir. This green BHA is unique in the LWD world. It eliminates radioactive source-handling and all related environmental risks to provide a comprehensive reservoir characterization. FMWD contributes formation pressure and fluid characterization and enables the physical capture of fluid samples in a single run. The combination of these two technologies completed the formation and fluid evaluation needs in this remote and environmentally sensitive area while drilling.
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Cerutti, Matteo, Roberto Modi, Danielle Kalitan und Kapil K. Singh. „Design Improvement Survey for NOx Emissions Reduction of a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Partially Premixed Fuel Nozzle Operating With Natural Gas: Experimental Campaign“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43516.
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As government regulations become increasingly strict with regards to combustion pollutant emissions, new gas turbine combustor designs must produce lower NOx while also maintaining acceptable combustor operability. The design and implementation of an efficient fuel/air premixer is paramount to achieving low emissions. Options for improving the design of a natural gas fired heavy-duty gas turbine partially premixed fuel nozzle have been considered in the current study. In particular, the study focused on fuel injection and pilot/main interaction at high pressure and high inlet temperature. NOx emissions results have been reported and analyzed for a baseline nozzle first. Available experience is shared in this paper in the form of a NOx correlative model, giving evidence of the consistency of current results with past campaigns. Subsequently, new fuel nozzle premixer designs have been investigated and compared, mainly in terms of NOx emissions performance. The operating range of investigation has been preliminarily checked by means of a flame stability assessment. Adequate margin to lean blow out and thermo-acoustic instabilities onset has been found while also maintaining acceptable CO emissions. NOx emission data were collected over a variety of fuel/air ratios and pilot/main splits for all the fuel nozzle configurations. Results clearly indicated the most effective design option in reducing NOx. In addition, the impact of each design modification has been quantified and the baseline correlative NOx emissions model calibrated to describe the new fuel nozzles behavior. Effect of inlet air pressure has been evaluated and included in the models, allowing the extensive use of less costly reduced pressure test campaigns hereafter. Although the observed effect of combustor pressure drop on NOx is not dominant for this particular fuel nozzle, sensitivity has been performed to consolidate gathered experience and to make the model able to evaluate even small design changes affecting pressure drop.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "COLLECTED WHILE GROUND DATA CAMPAIGN"
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Wong, Melanie, Tania Beekmans, Fuatino Taliaoa und Liam M. Oades. Effectiveness of the Breaking Ground Programme in Transforming Parenting Skills and Practice. Unitec ePress, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.093.
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The Breaking Ground programme was an 18-month pilot programme to support families and parents in a mana-enhancing process while developing parenting skills and practices, focused on intensive family intervention. Practitioners worked alongside families who were on a trajectory towards having their children placed in state care, with the goal of preventing entry to such care. This research uses a case-study methodology with data collected through interviews with social workers and families involved in the programme. The aims of this research were: 1) to examine the effectiveness of social workers working with families on the Breaking Ground programme; and 2) to examine the effectiveness of social workers providing cultural support for the families on the programme.
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Falconer, David G. L51774 Remote Sensing of Hazardous Ground Movement about Buried Gas Transmission Lines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011973.
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Reviews the available sensors for monitoring hazardous ground movement. Our review was limited to airborne and spaceborne sensors for access, performance, and productivity considerations. It was observed that certain ground movement is comparatively localized, e.g., earthquake faulting, while other activity may extend for thousands of kilometers, e.g., frost heave. Accordingly, we have considered two operating modes for the sensor-platform system, namely, site-by-site and continuous corridor. To determine the suitability of the candidate sensors for pipeline monitoring, we have assessed the expected performance, operational aspects, and cost of each sensor-platform combination as a function of operating mode. Finally, we have developed a business model for (1) operation of the recommended sensor systems by fee-for-service contractors; (2) analysis of the collected data by image-analysis specialists; and (3) use of the survey products by pipeline engineers.
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Cook, Samantha, Marissa Torres, Nathan Lamie, Lee Perren, Scott Slone und Bonnie Jones. Automated ground-penetrating-radar post-processing software in R programming. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45621.
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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive geophysical technique used to create images of the subsurface. A major limitation of GPR is that a subject matter expert (SME) needs to post-process and interpret the data, limiting the technique’s use. Post-processing is time-intensive and, for detailed processing, requires proprietary software. The goal of this study is to develop automated GPR post-processing software, compatible with Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI) data, in open-source R programming. This would eliminate the need for an SME to process GPR data, remove proprietary software dependencies, and render GPR more accessible. This study collected GPR profiles by using a GSSI SIR4000 control unit, a 100 MHz antenna, and a Trimble GPS. A standardized method for post-processing data was then established, which includes static data removal, time-zero correction, distance normalization, data filtering, and stacking. These steps were scripted and automated in R programming, excluding data filtering, which was used from an existing package, RGPR. The study compared profiles processed using GSSI software to profiles processed using the R script developed here to ensure comparable functionality and output. While an SME is currently still necessary for interpretations, this script eliminates the need for one to post-process GSSI GPR data.
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Bortz, Tyler, Molly Davis und Ryan Manuel. Plant community composition and structure monitoring at Fort Laramie National Historic Site: 2020 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293003.
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This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring efforts in 2020 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). This was the tenth year of combined monitoring efforts. Crew members from USGS visited 9 long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at FOLA. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community at FOLA and how it changes over time. USGS staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the nine plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. Data collection at seven plots was incomplete, where only point-intercept, site disturbance, and invasive species presence data were collected, while in two plots the previously listed protocols as well as the quadrat protocol were performed. In 2020, the monitoring crews identified 44 unique plant species in 9 monitoring plots. Of those species, 19 were exotic species. In a majority of plots (5 of 9), there was a greater percent of native species cover compared to exotic species cover. However, exotic plants were found at every plot in FOLA. No rare species were observed during our surveys
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Hodgdon, Taylor, Anthony Fuentes, Jason Olivier, Brian Quinn und Sally Shoop. Automated terrain classification for vehicle mobility in off-road conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40219.
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The U.S. Army is increasingly interested in autonomous vehicle operations, including off-road autonomous ground maneuver. Unlike on-road, off-road terrain can vary drastically, especially with the effects of seasonality. As such, vehicles operating in off-road environments need to be in-formed about the changing terrain prior to departure or en route for successful maneuver to the mission end point. The purpose of this report is to assess machine learning algorithms used on various remotely sensed datasets to see which combinations are useful for identifying different terrain. The study collected data from several types of winter conditions by using both active and passive, satellite and vehicle-based sensor platforms and both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. To classify specific terrain types, supervised algorithms must be used in tandem with large training datasets, which are time consuming to create. However, unsupervised segmentation algorithms can be used to help label the training data. More work is required gathering training data to include a wider variety of terrain types. While classification is a good first step, more detailed information about the terrain properties will be needed for off-road autonomy.
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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios und Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Big Bend National Park: Water year 2019. Herausgegeben von Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294267.
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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, streamflow, and water quality is central to assessing the condition of park resources. This report combines data collected on climate, groundwater, and springs at Big Bend National Park (NP) to provide an integrated look at climate and water conditions during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). However, this report does not address the Rio Grande or its tributaries. Annual precipitation was higher than normal (1981–2010) for Big Bend NP at four of the five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Observer Program weather stations: 111% of normal for Chisos Basin, 122% of normal for Panther Junction, 155% of normal for Persimmon Gap, and 124% of normal for Rio Grande Village. Castolon had 88% of normal annual precipitation. All five stations had higher than normal rainfall in October and December, while rainfall totals were substantially below normal at all stations in November, February, and March. Monthly precipitation totals for April through September were more variable from station to station. Mean monthly maximum air temperatures were below normal in the fall months, with Panther Junction as much as 7.5°F below normal in October. Monthly temperatures from January through July were more variable. Temperatures in August and September were warmer than normal at every station, up to +9.4°F at Rio Grande Village and +8.7°F at Chisos Basin in July. The reconnaissance drought index values indicate generally wetter conditions (based on precipitation and evaporative demand) at Chisos Basin since WY2016 and at Panther Junction and Persimmon Gap since WY2015, except for WY2017. This report presents the manual and automatic groundwater monitoring results at nine wells. Five wells had their highest water level in or just before WY2019: Panther Junction #10 peaked at 99.94 ft below ground surface (bgs) in September 2018, Contractor’s Well peaked at 31.43 ft bgs in November 2018, T-3 peaked at 65.39 ft bgs in December 2018, K-Bar #6 Observation Well peaked at 77.78 ft bgs in February 2019, and K-Bar #7 Observation Well peaked at 43.18 ft bgs in February 2019. This was likely in response to above normal rainfall in the later summer and fall 2018. The other monitoring wells did not directly track within-season precipitation. The last measurement at Gallery Well in WY2019 was 18.60 ft bgs. Gallery Well is located 120 feet from the river and closely tracked the Rio Grande stage, generally increasing in late summer or early fall following higher flow events. Water levels in Gambusia Well were consistently very shallow, though the manual well measurement collected in April was 4.25 ft bgs—relatively high for the monitoring record—and occurred outside the normal peak period of later summer and early fall. The last manual measurement taken at TH-10 in WY2019 was 34.80 ft bgs, only 0.45 ft higher than the earliest measurement in 1967, consistent with the lack of directional change in groundwater at this location, and apparently decoupled from within-season precipitation patterns. The last water level reading in WY2019 at Oak Springs #1 was 59.91 ft bgs, indicating an overall decrease of 26.08 ft since the well was dug in 1989. The Southwest Network Collaboration (SWNC) collects data on sentinel springs annually in the late winter and early spring following the network springs monitoring protocol. In WY2019, 18 sentinel site springs were visited at Big Bend NP (February 21, 2019–March 09, 2019). Most springs had relatively few indications of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Natural disturbances included recent flooding, drying, and wildlife use. Anthropogenic disturbances included flow modifications (e.g., springboxes), hiking trails, and contemporary human use. Crews observed one to seven facultative/obligate wetland plant...