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1
Office, General Accounting. Nuclear materials: Plutonium processing in the nuclear weapons complex : fact sheet for the Chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1992.
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2
Office, General Accounting. Nuclear materials: Plutonium processing in the nuclear weapons complex : fact sheet for the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: GAO, 1992.
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3
Litvin, Feliks, Lyudmila Satina, Ravil' Hatypov, Galina Mikulinskaya, Nikita Pen'kov und Konstantin Neverov. Molecular spectroscopy. Fundamentals of theory and practice. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1870280.
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The textbook is an introduction to the theory and practice of spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions. The presentation of the theoretical foundations is accompanied by a detailed guide on the practical use of spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative analysis of substances and reactions in simple and complex systems. Attention is paid to modern methods of infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), intermolecular energy transfer (FRET), linear dichroism of complex objects.
It is intended for a wide range of biologists, chemists, students and postgraduates of natural science specialties.
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Borzyh, Stanislav. Theory of the possible. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1074108.
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In this book, we are talking about a single principle that permeates every organized entity, regardless of what sphere it belongs to. Everywhere and always, and in accordance with the current circumstances, the process of formation, support and regulation of any complex complexes and ensembles is guided and controlled by the concept of the realizable, which postulates that only what is stable and stable will be realized, and everything else will be discarded as untenable and unbalanced. These patterns and patterns can be traced resolutely at all levels of existence. And the universe, and life, and consciousness, and mind, and culture are arranged and assembled according to these schemes, because it is difficult, if possible, for them to be any other. This paper provides an overview of this type of layout in these areas, as well as the theory of the achievable and accessible itself. Using examples and theoretical considerations, it is shown that the configuration of all reliable and long-lasting structures is approximately the same or very similar, because it obeys a single end-to-end logic of the formation of any similar substances, whatever they touch and wherever they are found. In addition, it is demonstrated that if something in this spirit is objectified in practice, then its nature and properties must be fundamentally the same as what we observe around or extremely close to it. Finally, the view is argued and developed, according to which everything consists of matter, is constituted by it, is reduced only to it, including any non-physical phenomena. It is concluded that all the wealth of the world is subject to the same laws of its construction, and all this construction observes the universal rules of the functioning of complex things, no matter what they are aimed at. For all those interested in philosophy.
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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.
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The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy.
Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented.
The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered.
It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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Brown, Deborah J., und Calvin G. Normore. Descartes and the Ontology of Everyday Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836810.001.0001.
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Far from being the founder of an austere reductionism, Descartes is committed to a rich, multilayered, and complex metaphysics. This book begins by locating Descartes’s work against the ancient and medieval background to which he is reacting. It proceeds to argue that his theory of distinctions requires what he explicitly endorses―that in addition to minds and modes, there are material substances of every size. These substances when appropriately configured form automata, self-sustaining, functionally integrated systems of which animals and human bodies are important sub-classes. Descartes’ conception of function, which is crucial to his characterization of these uniquely organized collections of matter, is shown to be compatible with his rejection of final causes in natural science, and gives him resources to account for composite beings which are not themselves substances. It is argued that besides automata, these composites include individual human beings, which are unions of minds and bodies individuated by minds. The unique modes which characterize the union, in particular, its passions, set the foundation for a social ontology that includes genuine social entities such as families and nation states. Societies are forged by individuals in acts of willing to join in union with others that Descartes takes to be of the essence of love. The result is a picture of Descartes very different from the myths that have come to surround him.
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Schmidgen, Henning. Horn, or The Counterside of Media. Übersetzt von Nils F. Schott. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022343.
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We regularly touch and handle media devices. At the same time, media devices such as body scanners, car seat pressure sensors, and smart phones scan and touch us. In Horn, Henning Schmidgen reflects on the bidirectional nature of touch and the ways in which surfaces constitute a site of mediation between interior and exterior. Schmidgen uses the concept of horn—whether manifested as a rhinoceros horn or a musical instrument—to stand for both natural substances and artificial objects as a space of tactility. He enters into creative dialogue with artists, scientists, and philosophers, ranging from Salvador Dalí, William Kentridge, and Rebecca Horn to Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, and Marshall McLuhan, who plumb the complex interplay between tactility and technological and biological surfaces. Whether analyzing how Dalí conceived of images as tactile entities during his “rhinoceros phase” or examining the problem of tactility in Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49, Schmidgen reconfigures understandings of the dynamic phenomena of touch in media.
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Dzhafarov, M., Fedor Vasilevich, Leonid Menchikov, Elena Chernoburova und Igor Zavarzin. CHEMISTRY OF AVERMECTINS AND MILBEMYCINS. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2530.978-5-317-06727-4.
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Parasitic diseases are a serious problem for medicine and the agro-industrial complex. The most effective antiparasitic compounds are avermectins, for the discovery of which Satoshi Omura and William Campbell were awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. For the first time, the monograph summarizes and analyzes the achievements in the chemistry of avermectins and milbemycins, as well as analyzes the possible directions and patterns of chemical modification of these compounds. In addition, the analysis of data on the relationship «structure-property» allows a more conscious approach to the modification of these compounds in order to increase their biological activity, stability, etc. The monograph is intended for wide range of specialists in the field of chemistry of natural compounds and biologically active substances.
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Anderson, Leslie K., Stuart B. Murray und Walter H. Kaye, Hrsg. Clinical Handbook of Complex and Atypical Eating Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190630409.001.0001.
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The aim of this book is to collate what is known about an array of complicating factors for patients with eating disorders, serving as an accessible introduction to each of the comorbidities and symptom presentations highlighted in the volume. The Handbook of Complex and Atypical Eating Disorders presents the available data about atypical and complex ED, in addition to what is known about treatment approaches. The first section contains chapters on the treatment of eating disorders with various psychiatric comorbidities, including trauma, borderline personality disorder, substance use, suicidality, anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorders, which may greatly complicate the application of standard treatment approaches. The second section contains chapters exploring treatment of eating disorders with atypical symptom presentations which (i) are not located as a specific diagnostic category in diagnostic criteria for ED’s, (ii) centrally feature ED pathology, and (iii) have emerging data suggesting the distinct nature of the syndrome, including purging disorder, muscle dysmorphia, night eating syndrome, and anorexia with a history of obesity. The final section has chapters which focus on how to adapt eating disorder treatment for atypical populations typically neglected in controlled treatment trials: LGBT, pediatric, male, ethnically diverse, and older adults.
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Appelbaum, Kenneth L., und Kevin R. Murphy. Attention deficit disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0037.
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The diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in correctional settings is in itself problematic and quite contentious; treating the disorder more so. Community prevalence studies estimate that 2.5% to 4% of adults in the United States and worldwide meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Some research findings suggest that ADHD occurs at far greater prevalence rates among criminal justice populations than in the population at large. The nature of the condition, its assessment, and its management combine to create a perfect storm of potentially vexing challenges for the prison psychiatrist. This chapter reviews those diagnostic and treatment challenges, including the risk of diversion and misuse of controlled substances among inmates. An assessment and treatment model is presented that takes into account and minimizes risk while helping ensure access to care in appropriately selected cases. Some inmates have a compelling need for treatment, potentially including stimulant medications. Neither unbridled use nor complete elimination of stimulants makes good clinical or administrative sense for correctional systems. An approach that relies on current impairment in significant functional areas, meaningful involvement in treatment, and absence of active misuse of substances will allow access to medication for those with verifiable need while lessening the risks associated with prescription of controlled substances in jails and prisons. The issues of differential diagnosis in a population with epidemic substance abuse, the challenges of appropriate management, and an evidence-based treatment model are discussed in this chapter.
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Hamou, Philippe, und Martine Pécharman, Hrsg. Locke and Cartesian Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815037.001.0001.
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This book is a collection of twelve critical essays, by leading French and Anglo-American scholars on Locke’s relation to Descartes and to Cartesian Philosophers, such as Malebranche, Clauberg, Arnauld, and Nicole. The essays, preceded by a substantial introduction, cover a large variety of topics from natural philosophy (cosmology) to religion, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology. The volume underlines Locke’s complex relationship to Descartes and Cartesianism, where stark opposition and subtle family resemblances are tightly intertwined. Since the turn of the twentieth century, the theory of knowledge has been the main locus for the comparison of the two authors. According to an influential historiographical conception, Descartes and Locke form together the spearhead in the ‘epistemological turn’ of early modern philosophy. In bringing together the contributions to this volume, the editors advocate for a shift of emphasis. A precise comparison of Locke’s and Descartes’s positions should cover not only their theory of knowledge, but also their views on natural philosophy, metaphysics, and religion. Their conflicting claims on issues such as cosmic organization, the qualities and nature of bodies, the substance of the soul, God’s government of the world, are relevant not only in their own right to take the full measure of Locke’s intricate relation to Descartes, but also as they allow a better understanding of the epistemological debate that is still running between their heirs.
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Palmer, Thomas. The Jansenist Critique. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816652.003.0002.
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This chapter provides an introduction to the reforming critique of a group of Catholic thinkers associated materially with the convents of Port-Royal in France, and intellectually with the views of the Dutch theologian Cornelius Jansen. The most notorious aspect of this Jansenist critique was the attack on moral laxity, and its supposed sponsors, the Society of Jesus, which Blaise Pascal articulated in the satirical Lettres Provinciales of 1656–7. Pascal and his associates identified the root cause of laxism in a moral doctrine now known as probabilism. After sketching the historical background, the chapter outlines the development of probabilism, and analyses the substance of the anti-probabilist arguments of the Jansenists. Criticizing the probabilists’ reliance on natural reason, these arguments are often connected with the Jansenists’ Augustinian views about fallen nature and their predestinarian theology to complete a picture of an anti-rational, pessimistic theological outlook. A reassessment is offered here.
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Pfeiffer, Christian. Body in Categories 6. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.003.0005.
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This chapter expands on the basic theory, which is presented in the Categories. It offers a treatment of the mereotopological properties of bodies, for instance, what belongs to them insofar as they are bodies of physical substances. Bodies are complete and perfect in virtue of being three‐dimensional. Body is prior to surfaces and lines and, because bodies are complete, there cannot be a four‐dimensional magnitude. The explanation offered is that certain topological properties are linked to and determined by the nature of the object in question. Body is a composite of the boundary and the interior or extension. A formal characterization of boundaries as limit entities is offered and it is argued that boundaries are dependent particulars. Similarly, the extension is ontologically dependent on bodies. Aristotle’s argument that the extension of objects is divisible into ever‐divisibles is revisited.
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Venturelli, Shalini. Global Knowledge Society and Information Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.204.
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The Global Knowledge Society is a broad interdisciplinary effort that emerged in the last decade of the twentieth century to probe the socioeconomic, technological, and geopolitical dimensions of knowledge production, growth, diffusion, and exploitation, in terms of impact on the development of societies worldwide. As a field of inquiry, the Global Knowledge Society encompasses all areas of social science including international relations, international communication, information technology, international development, and economics, as well as across the physical sciences and humanities. It also aims to fill a historical void in traditional social science—from economics and political science to international affairs and development studies—for explaining structural and environmental differences in societal rates of knowledge generation, application and adoption. A number of models on knowledge development have been explored in the literature, including the “Distributed Information Networks” approach, the “Technological Diffusion” approach, the “Genius Theory of Invention” approach, the “Creative and Proprietary Incentives” approach, and the “Cultural Legacy” approach. Models outside the social sciences and humanities also offer some rich possibilities, such as those under the label of “Idea Evolution.” Several of the models suggest the need for rethinking the mystery of persistent societal differences in knowledge growth within and between countries. Future research on knowledge society should consider bringing together researchers and policymakers from many disciplines across the natural and social sciences to review the substance of the field’s comparative methods and findings using interdisciplinary frameworks and complex factors.
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Plested, Marcus. Wisdom in Christian Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863225.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive and sustained treatment of the theme of wisdom in the Christian tradition. Following a survey of the biblical and classical background, it offers a detailed exploration of the theme of wisdom in patristic, byzantine, and medieval theology up to and including Gregory Palamas and Thomas Aquinas in Greek East and Latin West, respectively. Three principal levels of Christian wisdom discourse are distinguished: wisdom as human attainment, wisdom as divine gift, and wisdom as an attribute or quality of God. This journey through Wisdom in Christian Tradition is undertaken in conversation with modern Russian Sophiology, one of the most popular and widely discussed theological movements of our time, characterized by the idea of a primal pre-principle of divine-human unity (‘Sophia’) manifest in both uncreated and created forms. Sophiology is a complex phenomenon with multiple sources and inspirations, including the Church Fathers. Fidelity to patristic tradition became an ever-increasing feature of its self-understanding and self-articulation, above all in the work of Fr Sergius Bulgakov (1871–1944). Sophiology’s ‘unmodern turn’ to patristic sources has, however, long been fiercely contested. This book is the first to thoroughly evaluate the nature and substance of this claim to patristic continuity. The final chapter offers a radical re-thinking of sophiology in line with patristic tradition. This re-oriented sophiology maintains sophiology’s most distinctive insights and most pertinent applications while divesting it of some its more problematic elements