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Thematische Bibliographien / Convection (Oceanography)

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Convection (Oceanography)“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 31. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Convection (Oceanography)"

1

Callies, Jörn, and Raffaele Ferrari. "Baroclinic Instability in the Presence of Convection." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 1 (January 2018): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0028.1.

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AbstractBaroclinic mixed-layer instabilities have recently been recognized as an important source of submesoscale energy in deep winter mixed layers. While the focus has so far been on the balanced dynamics of these instabilities, they occur in and depend on an environment shaped by atmospherically forced small-scale turbulence. In this study, idealized numerical simulations are presented that allow the development of both baroclinic instability and convective small-scale turbulence, with simple control over the relative strength. If the convection is only weakly forced, baroclinic instability restratifies the layer and shuts off convection, as expected. With increased forcing, however, it is found that baroclinic instabilities are remarkably resilient to the presence of convection. Even if the instability is too weak to restratify the layer and shut off convection, the instability still grows in the convecting environment and generates baroclinic eddies and fronts. This suggests that despite the vigorous atmospherically forced small-scale turbulence in winter mixed layers, baroclinic instabilities can persistently grow, generate balanced submesoscale turbulence, and modify the bulk properties of the upper ocean.

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Straneo, Fiammetta, Mitsuhiro Kawase, and Robert S. Pickart. "Effects of Wind on Convection in Strongly and Weakly Baroclinic Flows with Application to the Labrador Sea*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 2603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485-32.9.2603.

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Abstract Large buoyancy loss driving deep convection is often associated with a large wind stress that is typically omitted in simulations of convection. Here it is shown that this omission is not justified when overturning occurs in a horizontally inhomogeneous ocean. In strongly baroclinic flows, convective mixing is influenced both by the background horizontal density gradient and by the across-front advection of buoyancy due to wind. The former process—known as slantwise convection—results in deeper convection, while the effect of wind depends on the relative orientation of wind with respect to the baroclinic front. For the case of the Labrador Sea, wintertime winds act to destabilize the baroclinic Labrador Current causing a buoyancy removal roughly one-third as large as the air–sea buoyancy loss. Simulations using a nonhydrostatic numerical model, initialized and forced with observed fields from the Labrador Sea, show how the combination of wind and lateral gradients can result in significant convection within the current, in contrast with previous ideas. Though the advection of buoyancy due to wind in weakly baroclinic flows is negligible compared to the surface buoyancy removal typical of convective conditions, convective plumes are substantially deformed by wind. This deformation, and the associated across-front secondary circulation, are explained in terms of the vertical advection of wind-generated vorticity from the surface boundary layer to deeper depths. This mechanism generates vertical structure within the convective layer, contradicting the historical notion that properties become vertically homogenized during convection. For the interior Labrador Sea, this mechanism may be partly responsible for the vertical variability observed during convection, which modeling studies have until now failed to reproduce.

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Pasquero, Claudia, and Eli Tziperman. "Statistical Parameterization of Heterogeneous Oceanic Convection." Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3008.1.

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Abstract A statistical convective adjustment scheme is proposed that attempts to account for the effects of mesoscale and submesoscale variability of temperature and salinity typically observed in the oceanic convective regions. Temperature and salinity in each model grid box are defined in terms of their mean, variance, and mutual correlations. Subgrid-scale instabilities lead to partial mixing between different layers in the water column. This allows for a smooth transition between the only two states (convection on and convection off) allowed in standard convective adjustment schemes. The advantage of the statistical parameterization is that possible instabilities associated with the sharp transition between the two states, which are known to occasionally affect the large-scale model solution, are eliminated. The procedure also predicts the generation of correlations between temperature and salinity and the presence of convectively induced upgradient fluxes that have been obtained in numerical simulations of heterogeneous convection and that cannot be represented by standard convective adjustment schemes.

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Buch, Erik. "Physical oceanography of the Greenland Sea." Meddelelser om Grønland. Bioscience 58 (January 1, 2007): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mogbiosci.v58.142635.

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Ocean-atmosphere interactions in the North Atlantic are responsible for heat transports that keep the Nordic region and North Western Europe 5–10°C warmer than the average of the corresponding latitude belt. This is to a large extent due to the ocean’s thermohaline circulation (THC). This circulation is driven by differences in water density, which is a function of temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) and particularly by convection processes in the northern North Atlantic, especially the Labrador Sea and the Greenland Sea. Therefore, the Greenland Sea has attracted much attention in the marine research community over the past decades. Scientific research in the Greenland Sea has been important to understand:  The physical processes generating deep convection The role of sea ice in the deep convection process and biological production Uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and further transport into the ocean interior Variability in deep convection, especially the decrease in the Greenland Sea convection observed over the recent decades  The main incentive behind all these activities has been to understand the role of the Greenland Sea – and the rest of the Nordic Seas (Greenland, Norwegian and Iceland Seas) – in the climate system of the world.

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Zhou, S. Q., L. Qu, Y. Z. Lu, and X. L. Song. "The instability of diffusive convection and its implication for the thermohaline staircases in the deep Arctic Ocean." Ocean Science 10, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-127-2014.

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Abstract. In the present study, the classical description of diffusive convection is updated to interpret the instability of diffusive interfaces and the dynamical evolution of the bottom layer in the deep Arctic Ocean. In the new consideration of convective instability, both the background salinity stratification and rotation are involved. The critical Rayleigh number of diffusive convection is found to vary from 103 to 1011 in the deep Arctic Ocean as well as in other oceans and lakes. In such a wide range of conditions, the interface-induced thermal Rayleigh number is shown to be consistent with the critical Rayleigh number of diffusive convection. In most regions, background salinity stratification is found to be the main hindrance to the occurrence of convecting layers. With the new parameterization, it is predicted that the maximum thickness of the bottom layer is 1051 m in the deep Arctic Ocean, which is close to the observed value of 929 m. The evolution time of the bottom layer is predicted to be ~ 100 yr, which is on the same order as that based on 14C isolation age estimation.

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Zhou, S. Q., L. Qu, Y. Z. Lu, and X. L. Song. "The instability of diffusive convection and its implication for the thermohaline staircases in the deep Arctic Ocean." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 4 (August 13, 2013): 1343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1343-2013.

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Abstract. In the present study, the classical description of diffusive convection is updated to interpret the instability of diffusive interfaces and the dynamical evolution of the bottom layer in the deep Arctic Ocean. In the new consideration of convective instability, both the background salinity stratification and rotation are involved. The critical Rayleigh number of diffusive convection is found to vary from 103 to 1011 in the deep Arctic Ocean as well as in other oceans and lakes. In such a wide range of conditions, the interface-induced thermal Rayleigh number is indicated to be consistent with the critical Rayleigh number of diffusive convection. In most regions, background salinity stratification is found to be the main hindrance to the occurrence of convecting layers. With the new parameterization, it is predicted that the maximum thickness of the bottom layer is 1051 m, which is close to the observed value of 929 m. And the evolution time of the bottom layer is predicted to be of the same order as that based on 14C isolation age estimation.

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Spall, Michael A. "Influences of Precipitation on Water Mass Transformation and Deep Convection." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 10 (May 22, 2012): 1684–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0230.1.

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Abstract The influences of precipitation on water mass transformation and the strength of the meridional overturning circulation in marginal seas are studied using theoretical and idealized numerical models. Nondimensional equations are developed for the temperature and salinity anomalies of deep convective water masses, making explicit their dependence on both geometric parameters such as basin area, sill depth, and latitude, as well as on the strength of atmospheric forcing. In addition to the properties of the convective water, the theory also predicts the magnitude of precipitation required to shut down deep convection and switch the circulation into the haline mode. High-resolution numerical model calculations compare well with the theory for the properties of the convective water mass, the strength of the meridional overturning circulation, and also the shutdown of deep convection. However, the numerical model also shows that, for precipitation levels that exceed this critical threshold, the circulation retains downwelling and northward heat transport, even in the absence of deep convection.

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Su, Zhan, Andrew P. Ingersoll, Andrew L. Stewart, and Andrew F. Thompson. "Ocean Convective Available Potential Energy. Part I: Concept and Calculation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 4 (April 2016): 1081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0155.1.

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AbstractThermobaric convection (type II convection) and thermobaric cabbeling (type III convection) might substantially contribute to vertical mixing, vertical heat transport, and deep-water formation in the World Ocean. However, the extent of this contribution remains poorly constrained. The concept of ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the thermobaric energy source for type II and type III convection, is introduced to improve the diagnosis and prediction of these convection events. OCAPE is analogous to atmospheric CAPE, which is a key energy source for atmospheric moist convection and has long been used to forecast moist convection. OCAPE is the potential energy (PE) stored in an ocean column arising from thermobaricity, defined as the difference between the PE of the ocean column and its minimum possible PE under adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements. An ocean column may be stably stratified and still have nonzero OCAPE. The authors present an efficient strategy for computing OCAPE accurately for any given column of seawater. They further derive analytical expressions for OCAPE for approximately two-layer ocean columns that are widely observed in polar oceans. This elucidates the dependence of OCAPE on key physical parameters. Hydrographic profiles from the winter Weddell Sea are shown to contain OCAPE (0.001–0.01 J kg−1), and scaling analysis suggests that OCAPE may be substantially enhanced by wintertime surface buoyancy loss. The release of this OCAPE may substantially contribute to the kinetic energy of deep convection in polar oceans.

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Wirth, A., and B. Barnier. "Mean Circulation and Structures of Tilted Ocean Deep Convection." Journal of Physical Oceanography 38, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3756.1.

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Abstract Convection in a homogeneous ocean is investigated by numerically integrating the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations in a tilted, rotating frame ( f–F plane) subject to a negative buoyancy flux (cooling) at the surface. The study focuses on determining the influence of the angle (tilt) between the axis of rotation and gravity on the convection process. To this end the following two essential parameters are varied: (i) the magnitude of the surface heat flux, and (ii) the angle (tilt) between the axis of rotation and gravity. The range of the parameters investigated is a subset of typical open-ocean deep convection events. It is demonstrated that when gravity and rotation vector are tilted with respect to each other (i) the Taylor–Proudman–Poincaré theorem leaves an imprint in the convective structures, (ii) a horizontal mean circulation is established, and (iii) the second-order moments involving horizontal velocity components are considerably increased. Tilted rotation thus leaves a substantial imprint in the dynamics of ocean convection.

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Legg, Sonya. "A Simple Criterion to Determine the Transition from a Localized Convection to a Distributed Convection Regime*." Journal of Physical Oceanography 34, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2653.1.

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Abstract A recent numerical study by Noh et al. of open-ocean deep convection in the presence of a single geostrophic eddy showed that two possible regimes exist: 1) the localized convection regime in which baroclinic instability of the eddy dominates, with slantwise fluxes and restratification, and 2) the distributed convection regime in which vertical mixing dominates. Noh et al. found that localized convection dominates for relatively small buoyancy forcing, strong eddies, and strong surface ambient stratification. Here it is shown that this regime transition can be expressed in terms of a ratio of time scales: the localized convection regime appears when the time scale for lateral fluxes from eddy interior to exterior tL is short in comparison with the time scale for convective erosion of the exterior stratification tc. Scaling arguments give this ratio of time scales as tL/tc ∼ f β2R2B/(A2γ) where f is the Coriolis parameter, R is the radius of the eddy, B is the buoyancy forcing, 1/β is the depth scale of the exponentially decaying surface-intensified stratification, γ is the relative amplitude of the eddy, and Aβ is the value of the surface stratification N20. Comparison with the numerical simulations of Noh et al. shows that this parameter does indeed separate the localized and distributed convection regimes, with the transition occurring at tL/tc ≈ 0.05–0.1.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Convection (Oceanography)"

1

Pierce, David W. "Rotating convection and the oceanic general circulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10993.

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Bhushan, Vikas. "Modeling convection in the Greenland Sea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58537.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-161).<br>A detailed examination of the development of a deep convection event observed in the Greenland Sea in 1988-89 is carried out through a combination of modeling, scale estimates, and data analysis. We develop a prognostic one-dimensional mixed layer model which is coupled to a thermodynamic ice model. Our model contains a representation of the lowest order boundary layer dynamics and adjustable coupling strengths between the mixed layer, ice, and atmosphere. We find that the model evolution is not very sensitive to the strength of the coupling between the ice and the mixed layer sufficiently far away from the limits of zero and infinite coupling; we interpret this result in physical terms. Further, we derive an analytical expression which provides a scale estimate of the rate of salinification of the mixed layer during the ice-covered preconditioning period as a function of the rate of ice advection. We also derive an estimate for the rate of the mixed layer deepening which includes ice effects. Based on these scale estimates and model simulations, we confirm that brine rejection and advection of ice out of the convection area were essential ingredients during the preconditioning process. We also demonstrate that an observed rise in the air temperature starting in late December 1988 followed by a period of moderately cold ~ -10*C temperatures was key to the development of the observed convection event. Finally, we show that haline driven deep convection underneath an ice cover is possible, but unlikely to occur in the Greenland Sea. On the basis of these results, we develop a coherent picture of the evolution of the convection process which is more detailed than that presented in any previous work. We also comment on the likelihood that deep convection occurred in the Greenland Sea in the past two decades from an examination of historical data, and relate these findings to what is known about the inter-annual variability of convective activity in the Greenland Sea<br>by Vikas Bhushan.<br>S.M.

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Steffen, Elizabeth Laird. "Observations of vertical and horizontal aspects of deep convection in the Labrador Sea by fully Lagrangian floats /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11028.

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Wells, Mathew Graeme. "Convection, turbulent mixing and salt fingers." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011212.103012/index.html.

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Wilkinson, Jeremy. "Sea ice, convection and the Greenland Sea." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/25132/.

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The region where deep open-ocean convection occurs in the Greenland Sea corresponds to that where a sea ice winter feature, the Odden, usually forms. The role of sea ice in modifying the surface waters to overturn to depth is evaluated through the combination of in siu measurements, satellite imagery, meteorological measurements and drifting buoy data. Results suggest local meteorological and oceanographic conditions govern the ice conditions over the region. The high ambient wave energy precludes the formation of ice beyond the frazil-pancake stage; the changing surface pressure field, due to passing storm systems, influences the daily shape and extent of the Odden and enables pancake ice to expel brine at an increased rate. Finally, the analysis of drifting buoy data reveal that the ice is in free drift. t These characteristics suggests the Odden may be regarded as a large scale latent heat polynya, with the predominately northerly winds blowing newly formed sea-ice constantly southward such that it melts in a different area from that of its formation. This salt separation process whereby the majority of brine is deposited where the ice was formed, and a smaller amount being released, through brine drainage, as the ice drifts with the prevailing wind has important consequences for the spatial and temporal distribution of the salt flux and hence surrounding hydrography. This is clearly demonstrated through the development of a salt flux model, which involves brine drainage and drift. A simple one-dimensional mixed layer model, driven by results of the salt flux model, predicts a strong density enhancement and deepening of the mixed layer over time. It is therefore envisaged that the formation of sea ice, brine drainage and drift are fundamental in eroding the pycnocline between the surface waters and those below. Sea ice should therefore be viewed as a preconditioning activity to deep overturning of the waters of the central Greenland Sea.

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Pruis, Matthew J. "Energy and volume flux into the deep ocean : examining diffuse hydrothermal systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10990.

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Grignon, Laure. "Causes of the interannual variability of deep convection." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72147/.

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Deep water formation in the Labrador Sea and the Gulf of Lion, for example, results from convection. A cyclonic circulation leads to a doming of the isopycnals at its centre, where stratification is then completely eroded by high surface winter buoyancy loss. This thesis assesses the causes of the interannual variability of deep convection. We first aim to quantify the relative importance of preconditioning, defined as the temperature and salinity structures and contents of the water column before the onset of convection, and of the buoyancy forcing (averaged over one winter) on the final convective mixed layer depth and on the temperature and salinity of the water mass formed. This study focuses on the Mediterranean and uses data from the Medar/Medatlas and Dyfamed data sets. The heat fluxes are studied and characterised. It is shown the the preconditioning is as important as the winter buoyancy fluxes in setting the final depth of convection. At the Dyfamed site (Corsica Strait), the seasonal cycle shows that the stratification frequency reaches a maximum in the intermediate layer in winter. This winter maximum is thought to be of critical importance. The second (and main) part focuses on the effect of the short-term (O(day)) variability of the surface forcing on convection, using an idealised model. The MIT model is integrated over a square box of size 64km x 64 km x 2km initialised with homogeneous salinity and a linear vertical temperature gradient. The configuration of the model is described and validated. A time-periodic cooling is then applied over a disc of radius 20km at the centre of the surface of the box. It is shown that the final mixed layer depth depends little on this short-term time variability because the lateral buoyancy fluxes are very responsive to the surface ones. Our results are compared with traditional parameterisation of the lateral buoyancy fluxes. General characteristics of the patch are also looked at, such as the rim current, the location of the angular momentum surfaces, the potential vorticity and the residual stratification in the mixed layer. The characteristics of the final water mass in each experiment are studied, showing that the short-term time variability of the forcing has an impact on the characteristics of the water mass formed. The last part compares the modelling study to gliders data for the Labrador Sea obtained by Peter Rhines and Charlie Eriksen of the University of Washington, WA, USA, in winter 2004-05. In that part of the real ocean, the variability of the boundary current seems more important than the variability in the surface forcing.

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Mpeta, Emmanuel Jonathan. "Intra-seasonal convection dynamics over Southwest and Northeast Tanzania : an observational study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19650.

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Intraseasonal convection oscillation over the northeastern and southwestern Tanzania during MAM and DJF seasons respectively are examined using December, 1979 to May, 1994 pentad (5-day mean) Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) as an indicator of convective cloud distribution. Area-averaged OLR indices are derived for the two areas. Time series of OLR indices for MAM and DJF indicate large quasi-periodic OLR fluctuations in some years and small fluctuations in other years. Periodogram analyses results reveal that dominant periodogram values for the oscillations were different in different years over both areas. Dominant periodogram peaks with periods more than 6 pentads (30 days) occurred 40% of the time on the average. Based on the pentad OLR time series plots deep convection and their precursors are composited. The time evolution of composite OLR maps reveal that patterns of low OLR values (indicating deep connection) shift north-eastwards coupled with low OLR values associated with mid-latitude troughs and linked to the ITCZ. Composite of kinematic and thermodynamic parameters associated with deep conJection and precursors are composited.

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Cuny, Jerome. "Labrador Sea boundary currents /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10959.

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Straneo, Fiammetta. "Dynamics of rotating convection including a horizontal stratification and wind /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10996.

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Bücher zum Thema "Convection (Oceanography)"

1

Pawlowicz, Ryszard A. Tomographic observations of deep convection and the thermal evolution of the Greenland Sea Gyre, 1988-1989. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994.

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2

Plate, E. J. Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998.

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Matishov, D. G. Ispolʹzovanie metoda kislorodnoĭ indikat͡sii niskhodi͡ashcheĭ konvekt͡sii morskoĭ vody v raĭone arkhipelaga Shpit͡sbergen: Po rezulʹtatam ėkspedit͡sii NIL "Polarstern" v ii͡une-ii͡ule 1991 g. Apatity: Kolʹskiĭ nauch. t͡sentr Rossiĭskoĭ akademii nauk, 1992.

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Alverson, Keith D. Topographic preconditioning of open ocean deep convection / by Keith D. Alverson. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1995.

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Slobodin, V. P. (Vladimir Pavlovich), Feopentov S. A, and Murmanskiĭ morskoĭ biologicheskiĭ institut, eds. Raschet poleĭ vodnykh mass okeana i postanovka ėksperimenta ikh sravnenii͡a mezhdu soboĭ metodom raspoznavanii͡a obrazov. Apatity: Kolʹskiĭ nauch. t͡sentr AN SSSR, 1990.

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Salmon, Rick. Rotating convection: 1995 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1996.

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Harrison, D. E. Upper ocean warming: Spatial patterns of trends and interdecadal variability. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2008.

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8

Flierl, Glenn R. The influence of convection on large-scale circulations: 1988 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Woods Hole, Mass: WHOI, 1989.

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Whitehead, John A. Rotating hydraulic control: 1997 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1998.

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Stommel, Henry M. Collected works of Henry M. Stommel. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1995.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Convection (Oceanography)"

1

Özsoy, Emin, Zafer Top, George White, and James W. Murray. "Double Diffusive Intrusions, Mixing and Deep Sea Convection Processes in the Black Sea." In Black Sea Oceanography, 17–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2608-3_2.

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2

Gerdes, Rüdiger, Jörg Hurka, Michael Karcher, Frank Kauker, and Cornelia Köberle. "Simulated History Of Convection in the Greenland and Labrador seas, 1948—2001." In The Nordic Seas: An Integrated Perspective Oceanography, Climatology, Biogeochemistry, and Modeling, 221–38. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/158gm15.

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Johannessen, Ola M., Kjetil Lygre, and Tor Eldevik. "Convective chimneys and plumes in the northern Greenland Sea." In The Nordic Seas: An Integrated Perspective Oceanography, Climatology, Biogeochemistry, and Modeling, 251–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/158gm17.

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Martinson, D. G. "Open Ocean Convection in the Southern Ocean." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 37–52. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70059-x.

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Johannessen, O. M., S. Sandven, and J. A. Johannessen. "Eddy-Related Winter Convection in the Boreas Basin." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 87–105. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70062-x.

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Carmack, Eddy C., and Ray F. Weiss. "Convection in Lake Baikal: An Example of Thermobaric Instability." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 215–28. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70069-2.

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7

Whitehead, J. A. "Small and Mesoscale Convection as Observed in the Laboratory." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 355–67. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70077-1.

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8

Guest, P. S., and K. L. Davidson. "Meteorological Triggers for Deep Convection in the Greenland Sea." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 369–75. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70078-3.

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9

Chu, P. C. "Geophysics of Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in Oceans." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 3–16. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70057-6.

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10

Skyllingstad, E. D., D. W. Denbo, and John Downing. "Convection in the Labrador Sea: Community Modeling Effort (CME) Results." In Elsevier Oceanography Series, 341–54. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70076-x.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Convection (Oceanography)"

1

Globina, Lubov, and Lubov Globina. "ESTIMATE OF DEPENDENCE OF THE VERTICAL TRBULENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT FROM BUOYANCY FREQUENCY FOR COASTAL ZONE OF THE BLACK SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9376e319d7.73288147.

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Annotation:

The article highlights the most important studies of oceanographic processes, such as horizontal convection, winter cascading on the shelf and continental slope, the processes in the bottom of the Black Sea. The results of the study of small-scale structure of the shelf upper active layer of the Black Sea in 2014 are discussed. The new information about the distribution of the eddy diffusivity with depth in the coastal part of the Heracleian peninsula is given. The investigated dependence vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient from buoyancy frequency at the active layer is found to be has a quadratic character for the entire shelf area and doesn’t depend on the stratification.

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2

Globina, Lubov, and Lubov Globina. "ESTIMATE OF DEPENDENCE OF THE VERTICAL TRBULENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT FROM BUOYANCY FREQUENCY FOR COASTAL ZONE OF THE BLACK SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43163a87e5.

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Annotation:

The article highlights the most important studies of oceanographic processes, such as horizontal convection, winter cascading on the shelf and continental slope, the processes in the bottom of the Black Sea. The results of the study of small-scale structure of the shelf upper active layer of the Black Sea in 2014 are discussed. The new information about the distribution of the eddy diffusivity with depth in the coastal part of the Heracleian peninsula is given. The investigated dependence vertical turbulent diffusion coefficient from buoyancy frequency at the active layer is found to be has a quadratic character for the entire shelf area and doesn’t depend on the stratification.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Convection (Oceanography)"

1

Davis, Russ E. Convection in the Labrador Sea and An Autonomous Oceanographic Instrument Array. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626791.

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2

Waliser, Duane E. Analysis of Observed and Modeled Surface Fluxes, Cloud Forcing, and Convective Processes for Improving the Meteorological and Oceanographic Modeling and Prediction Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610080.

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