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Meyer, Crystal Rose Foster. „Craniofacial growth and development in the Arikara“. Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663116451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Khonsari, Roman Hossein. „Mechanical forces in craniofacial development and growth“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mechanical-forces-in-craniofacial-development-and-growth(12bf47d0-2a8a-4b18-9f87-c88978619f36).html.
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Mechanical forces are known to interact with developmental dynamics and post-natal growth processes. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of mechanical force in craniofacial development and growth at the molecular, cellular and organ levels by using di erent models. The craniofacial phenotype of mice with a mesenchymal conditional deletion of Pkd2 (Pkd2fl=fl;Wnt1-Cre) was examined using histology, -CT imaging, in situ hybridisation and synchrotron X-ray microtomography. It was shown that Pkd2fl=fl;Wnt1-Cre mice present growth anomalies mostly located in organs subjected to post-natal mechanical stress. The facial features of patients with PKD1 mutations were then studied by 3D photography and dense surface modelling. Speci c facial features in these patients were identi ed and indicated that PKD genes may be involved in human craniofacial growth. In order to further illustrate the interactions between craniofacial growth and external constraints, the craniofacial structure of a series of skulls with intentional deformations was examined by 3D cephalometry, wall thickness analysis and haptic-aided semi-automatic segmentation. Intentional modi cations of the skull vault induced changes in the shape of the orbits and the maxillary sinuses, as well as local changes in vault bone thickness. The e ects of external constraints on soft-tissues were studied through the brain anomalies in four fetuses with extreme skull malformations occurring in FGFR2-related craniosynostoses. Characteristic brain anomalies were described in FGFR2-related craniosynostoses, that were related both to FGFR2 hyperactivation and to abnormal mechanical stress. Mechanotransduction at the cellular level was investigated using a mathematical model for bone deposition in sutures taking into account the data provided by synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Based on these theoretical investigations, it was found that bone deposition in sutures was driven by a mechanics-dependent non-linear instability also giving account for the appearance of sutural interdigitations. Synchrotron microtomography also appeared as a reliable tool for the study of bone microanatomy. Finally, the evolution and development the bucco-hypophyseal canal, an organ that may be involved in mechanosensation, was studied using sonic-pathway related mutant mice, and the maintenance of this canal in development and evolution was related to modulations in sonic-hedgehog pathway related genes. A new technique for the high-resolution imaging of embryonic soft-tissues was also described. Together, these results show that mechanical forces shape craniofacial development and growth at the molecular, cellular and organ levels. The understanding of the processes involved in the recording and the transduction of external forces is of interest in the treatment of congenital and acquired craniofacial disorders.
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Frederickson, Joseph Alexander. „Craniofacial Ontogeny In Centrosaurus apertus“. Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/229570.
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GeologyM.S.
Centrosaurus apertus, a large bodied ceratopsid from the Late Cretaceous of North America, is one of the most common fossils recovered from the Belly River Group of Canada. This fossil record shows a wide diversity in morphology and size, with specimens ranging from putative juveniles to fully-grown individuals. The goal of this study was to reconstruct the ontogenetic changes that occur in the craniofacial skeleton of C. apertus through a quantitative cladistic analysis. Forty-seven cranial specimens were independently coded in separate data matrices for 80 hypothetical multistate growth characters and 130 binary growth characters. Analyses were executed under heuristic searches with all characters unordered and equally weighted. Both analyses yielded the max-limit of 100,000 most parsimonious saved trees and the strict consensus collapsed into large polytomies, so a 50% majority rule consensus was obtained to recover structure in the data. In order to reduce conflict resulting from missing data, fragmentary individuals were removed from the data matrices and the analyses were rerun under a branch and bound search for both multistate and binary data sets. The multistate analysis yielded a single most parsimonious tree, while the binary analysis yielded thirteen equally most parsimonious trees. A strict consensus of the thirteen trees collapsed into a polytomy in the most mature individuals, but the resolved portion is consistent with the tree recovered in the multistate analysis. Among both the complete and the reduced data sets the multistate analyses recovered a shorter tree with a higher consistency index (CI) than the additive binary data sets. The arrangement within the trees show a progression of specimens with a recurved nasal horn in the least mature individuals, followed by specimens with straight nasal horns in relatively more mature individuals, and finally specimens with procurved nasal horns in the most mature individuals. The supraorbital unit, however, shows no consistent pattern of development. The parietal horns develop relatively early, becoming long and curved in some of the least mature skulls. In relatively mature individuals these structures resorb, leaving the horns with a withered appearance. This resorption continues in the most mature individuals until much of the horn is gone. The development of the parietal and nasal horns may represent a heterochronic process (i.e. peramorphosis) in centrosaurine evolution, where juvenile morphology is similar to that of basal neoceratopsians, whereas the adult condition is comparable to that of derived centrosaurines. Bone textural changes were found to be sufficient proxies for relative maturity in individuals that have not reached adult size. Additionally, frill size is congruent with relative maturity status and makes an acceptable proxy for ontogenetic status, especially in smaller individuals. In adult-sized individuals, the fusion of the epoccipitals and the orientation of the nasal horn are the best indicators of relative maturity. There is no clear evidence for sexually specific characters or sexual size dimorphism in C. apertus.
Temple University--Theses
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Britto, Jonathan Anthony. „Syndromic craniofacial dysostosis : from genotype to phenotype: studies of FGFR gene expression in human craniofacial development and craniosynostosis“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268446.
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Yamanaka, Shigeki. „Circulatory CNP rescues craniofacial hypoplasia in achondroplasia“. Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/228228.
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Stewart, Amanda Lynn. „Timing of Protein Malnutrition and its Effects on Craniofacial Growth“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1115750961.
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Wong, Hoi-leong Xavier, und 王凱亮. „The functional crosstalk between MT1-MMP and ADAMs in craniofacial & vascular development“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197072.
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Chan, Kui-ming. „MT1-MMP in craniofacial development and FGF signaling“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203645.
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Patterson, Jennifer. „Regenerative matrices for oriented bone growth in craniofacial and dental repair /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8018.
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Bandeen, Timothy C. „Effects of sickle cell disease on growth of the craniofacial complexes. /“. View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version View the full-text HTML version, 2005. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2005%5F001%5Fbandeen%5Findex.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 2005.Spine title: Effects of sickle cell disease on growth of the craniofacial complexes. Appendices: leaves 162-414 Bibliography: leaves 145-161.
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FARMER, MEREDITH ANN. „SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH OF THE GUINEA PIG (cavia porcellus)“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1014406171.
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Chan, Kui-ming, und 陳居明. „MT1-MMP in craniofacial development and FGF signaling“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203645.
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Mak, Chi-yan Angel, und 麥志昕. „Bioinformatic studies of gene regulation involving SOX9 and HOXB3 withreference to craniofacial development and other processes“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37465405.
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Daré, Letícia Rossi. „Efeito do β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato sobre os músculos da mastigação e desenvolvimento e crescimento craniofacial de ratos“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25149/tde-23042014-091455/.
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Atualmente está aumentando o número de pessoas que usam suplementos nutricionais com a finalidade de obter melhores resultados nas suas atividades esportivas, perda de gordura, ganhos de massa muscular, ou na plasticidade do corpo. Tal fato merece atenção porque muito pouco é conhecido sobre a segurança ou eficácia destes produtos, e apenas 14% dos usuários buscam orientações com profissional da saúde sobre o uso destas substâncias. Dos mais de 200 suplementos que prometem estes efeitos apenas as suplementações de creatina HMB produzem os resultados prometidos, e o Comitê Olímpico qualifica o uso do HMB como legal. Embora a literatura atual mostre os benefícios no uso da suplementação com HMB, são poucas as informações sobre o seu efeito na morfofisiologia das fibras musculares como, por exemplo, o perfil histoenzimológico e a área dos diferentes tipos de fibras musculares. Baseado nestas informações pensou-se na realização desde trabalho para verificar se o uso de HMB provoca alterações morfológicas e histoenzimológicas nas fibras musculares dos músculos da mastigação; se estes efeitos alterariam o desenvolvimento e crescimento do esqueleto craniofacial; e se os efeitos sobre os componentes do sistema estomatognático seriam semelhantes nos indivíduos ambos os gêneros. Para realização deste estudo foram utilizados 58 ratos com idade de 60 dias, 29 animais de cada gênero, distribuídos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo Controle Inicial (GCI) que foram sacrificados no inicio do experimento; Grupo Controle Placebo (GCP) que receberam o mesmo volume do veículo do grupo experimental, e alimentação ad libitum; Grupo Experimental (GE) que receberam diariamente 0,3g/kg de HMB, por meio de gavagem e mesma quantidade de alimentos que GCP consumiu no dia anterior; Grupo Experimental Ad libitum (GEA) que receberam a mesma dose da droga, porém tiveram alimentação ad libitum. Após o tratamento, foram retiradas amostras dos músculos digástrico (ventre anterior) e masseter (porção superficial), para análise histoenzimologica (m-ATPAse com pré-incubações ácida e alcalina) e retirada do esqueleto cefálico para tomadas das medidas craniométricas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: o uso diário de 0,3g/kg de HMB, por quatro semanas: a) não provocou alterações morfológicas e histoenzimológicas nas fibras muscular dos músculos da mastigação; b) os resultados foram semelhantes entre os músculos elevadores e abaixadores da mandíbula; c) não provoca alterações no desenvolvimento e crescimento do esqueleto craniofacial; d) a falta de resultados positivos de alterações nos músculos da mastigação e crescimento craniofacial, sugere existiram um relação entre eles; e) os resultados sobre os componentes do sistema estomatognático foram semelhantes nos indivíduos ambos os gêneros.Nowadays is increasing the number of people who use nutritional supplements in order to achieve better results in their sports, fat loss, muscle gains, or the plasticity of the body. This deserves attention because very little is known about the safety or efficacy of such products, and only 14% of users seeking guidance with a health professional regarding the use of these substances. Of the more than 200 supplements that promise these effects only the HMB and creatine supplementation produce the promised effects, and the Olympic Committee qualifies the use of HMB as legal. While the literature shows benefits in the use of HMB supplementation, there is little information on its effect on muscle fibers morphophysiology as, for example, the profile and the area histoenzimológico of different types of muscle fibers. Based on this information, it was thought in performing this work to check whether the use of HMB causes morphological and histoenzimológicas changes in muscle fibers of the muscles of mastication, these effects alter the growth and development of craniofacial skeleton, and if the effects on the components of stomatognathic system would be similar in both genders individuals. For this study we used 58 rats aged 60 days, 29 animals of each gender, divided into four groups: Control Group Home (GCI) which were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment; Placebo Control Group (GCP) that received the same volume Vehicle experimental group, and fed ad libitum; Experimental Group (EG) which received daily 0.3 g / kg of HMB, by gavage and the same amount of food they consumed on the previous day GCP; experimental group ad libitum (GEA) who received the same dose of the drug, but were fed ad libitum. After treatment, samples were taken of the digastric (anterior belly) and masseter (superficial part) for analysis histoenzimologic (m-ATPase with pre-incubations acid and alkaline) and removal of the head skeleton to taken the craniometric measures. The results showed that: the daily use of 0.3 g / kg of HMB for four weeks: a) caused no morphological changes and histoenzimológicas muscle fibers in the muscles of mastication; b) the results were similar between muscles elevators and depressors of the jaw; c) does not cause changes in the development and growth of the craniofacial skeleton; d) the lack of positive changes in the masticatory muscles and craniofacial growth, suggests a relationship existed between them, e) results the components of the stomatognathic system were similar in subjects both genders.
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Sun, Zhao. „New molecular mechanisms controlling dental epithelial stem cell maintenance, growth and craniofacial morphogenesis“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5652.
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The regenerative tissues such as hair follicles, intestine and teeth have a particular microenvironment known as “stem cell niche” which houses stem cells and act as a signaling center to control stem cell fate. The precise and timely regulation of stem cell renewal and differentiation is essential for tissue formation, growth and homeostasis over the course of a lifetime. However, the molecular underpinning to control this regulation is poorly understood. To address this issue, we use the continuously growing mouse incisor as a model to study the gene regulatory network which controls dental epithelial stem cell (DESC) maintenance, growth and craniofacial morphogenesis.
We found FoxO6, a transcription factor mainly expressed in the brain and craniofacial region, control DESC proliferation by regulating Hippo signaling. FoxO6 loss-of-function mice undergo increases in cell proliferation which finally leads to lengthening of the incisors, expansion of the face and skull and enlargement of the mandible and maxilla. We have screened three human FOXO6 single nucleotide polymorphisms which are associated with facial morphology ranging from retrognathism to prognathism.
Our study also reveals that Sox2 and Lef-1, two markers for early craniofacial development, are regulated by Pitx2 to control DESC maintenance, differentiation and craniofacial development. Conditional Sox2 deletion in the oral and dental epithelia results in severe craniofacial defects, including ankyloglossia, cleft palate, arrested incisor development and abnormal molar development. The loss of Sox2 in DESCs leads to impaired stem cell proliferation, migration and subsequent dissolution of the tooth germ. On the other hand, conditional overexpression of Lef-1 in oral and dental epithelial region increases DESC proliferation and creates a new labial cervical loop stem cell compartment in dental epithelial stem cell niche, which produces rapidly growing long “tusk-like” incisors. Interestingly, Lef-1 overexpression rescues the tooth arrest defects but not the ankyloglossia or cleft palate in Sox2 conditional deletion mice.
Our data also reveal that miRNA and histone remodeler are involved in regulating DESC proliferation and craniofacial morphogenesis. We describe a miR-23a/b:Hmgn2:Pitx2 signaling pathway in regulating dental epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Pitx2 activates expression of amelogenin which is the major protein component for enamel deposition. This activation can be repressed by the chromatin-associated factor Hmgn2. miR-23a and miR-23b directly target Hmgn2, leading to the release of the Hmgn2 inhibition of Pitx2 transcriptional activity and thus enhance Amelogenin production. Phenotypically, ablation of Hmgn2 in mice results in an overgrowth of incisors with increased Amelogenin expression.
The findings in this study increase our current understanding of the molecular regulation of dental epithelial stem cell fate. It not only highlights new gene regulatory network that controls dental stem cell maintenance, growth and craniofacial morphogenesis, but also sheds new light on developing novel stem cell therapy or gene therapy for tooth regeneration and dental diseases.
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Coussens, Anna Kathleen. „Molecular regulation of calvarial suture morphogenesis and human craniofacial diversity“. Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16481/.
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This body of work is concerned with the genetics of craniofacial morphology and specifically with that of the cranial sutures which form fibrous articulations between the calvarial bones. The premature fusion of these sutures, known as craniosynostosis, is a common developmental abnormality and has been extensively utilised here as a tool through which to study the genetics of suture morphogenesis and craniofacial diversity. Investigations began with a search for polymorphisms associated with normal variation in human craniofacial characteristics. Denaturing High-Performance Liquid chromatography was used to identify polymorphisms in two genes causative for craniosynostosis by analysing DNA from a large cohort of individuals from four ethnogeographic populations. A single nucleotide polymorphism in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 was identified as being associated with variation in the cephalic index, a common measure of cranial shape. To further, and specifically, investigate the molecular processes of suture morphogenesis gene expression was compared between unfused and prematurely fusing/fused suture tissues isolated from patients with craniosynostosis. Two approaches, both utilising Affymetrix gene expression microarrays, were used to identify genes differentially expressed during premature suture fusion. The first was a novel method which utilised the observation that explant cells from both fused and unfused suture tissue, cultured in minimal medium, produce a gene expression profile characteristic of minimally differentiated osteoblastic cells. Consequently, gene expression was compared between prematurely fused suture tissues and their corresponding in vitro de-differentiated cells. In addition to those genes known to be involved in suture morphogenesis, a large number of novel genes were identified which were up-regulated in the differentiated in vivo state and are thus implicated in premature suture fusion and in vivo osteoblast differentiation. The second microarray study involved an extensive analysis of 16 suture tissues and compared gene expression between unfused (n=9) and fusing/fused sutures (n=7). Again, both known genes and a substantially large number of novel genes were identified as being differentially expressed. Some of these novel genes included retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), glypican 3 (GPC3), C1q tumour necrosis factor 3 (C1QTNF3), and WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1). The known functions of these genes are suggestive of potential roles in suture morphogenesis. Realtime quantitative RT PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to verify the differential expression patterns observed for 11 genes and Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy was used to investigate the protein expression for 3 genes of interest. RBP4 was found to be localised on the ectocranial surface of unfused sutures and in cells lining the osteogenic fronts while GPC3 was localised to suture mesenchyme of unfused sutures. A comparison between each unfused suture (coronal, sagittal, metopic, and lambdoid) demonstrated that gene expression profiles are suture-specific which, based on the identification of differentially expressed genes, suggests possible molecular bases for the differential timing of normal fusion and the response of each suture to different craniosynostosis mutations. One observation of particular interest was the presence of cartilage in unfused lambdoid sutures, suggesting a role for chondrogenesis in posterior skull sutures which have generally been thought to develop by intramembranous ossification without a cartilage precursor. Finally, the effects of common media supplements used in in vitro experiments to stimulate differentiation of calvarial suture-derived cells were investigated with respect to their ability to induce in vivo-like gene expression. The response to standard differentiation medium (ascorbic acid + β-glycerophosphate) with and without dexamethasone was measured by both mineralisation and matrix formation assays and QRT-PCR of genes identified in the above described microarray studies. Both media induced collagen matrix and bone nodule formation indicative of differentiating osteoblasts. However, the genes expression profiles induced by both media differed and neither recapitulated the levels and profiles of gene expression observed in vivo for cells isolated from both fused and unfused suture tissues. This study has implications for translating results from in vitro work to the in vivo situation. Significantly, the dedifferentiation microarray study identified differentially expressed genes whose products may be considered candidates as more appropriate osteogenic supplements that may be used during in vitro experiments to better induce in vivo-like osteoblast differentiation. This study has made a substantial contribution to the identification of novel genes and pathways involved in controlling human suture morphogenesis and craniofacial diversity. The results from this research will stimulate new areas of inquiry which will one day aid in the development of better diagnostics and therapeutics for craniosynostosis, and other craniofacial and more general skeletal abnormalities.
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Karsila-Tenovuo, Susanna. „The effect of anticancer therapy on craniofacial growth a macroscopic experimental and clinical study /“. Turku : Turun Yliopisto, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/49899532.html.
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Vroman, Maura Josephine. „Differential growth of the frontonasal suture in rabbits“. Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/615.
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The purpose of this study was to substantiate previous claims that differential growth across the frontonasal suture occurs and if this differential growth pattern is caused by an increased mitotic rate of the nasal bone.
Two six week old New Zealand White Rabbits were given calcein 20mg/kg IA, demeclocycline 20mg/kg IA, and BrdU 40mg/kg IA on Days 1, 11, and 14, respectively. The animals were euthanized using Ketamine 31.6mg/kg IM and Pentobarbital 100mg/kg IV. The frontonasal suture was removed from the rabbit and divided into hemisections. The right hemisection was histologically processed using standard calcified methods which were modified and used for smaller bone sections at the Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin. The left hemisection was reserved for BrdU staining at the Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa. The resultant slides were imaged and photographed using an Olympus BX-40 microscope and measured using ImageJ software (NIH). Means and standard deviations were calculated for interlabel distance and mineral apposition rate (MAR).
All frontonasal suture sites demonstrated double fluorochrome labeling. Samples F2-2 and M2-1 demonstrated the predicted differential growth pattern. Samples F2-1 and M2-2 did not. No suture sites demonstrated positive staining for BrdU. Although the sample size was small (n=2), this may demononstrate a trend toward differential growth of the suture.
Due to the small sample size, the labeling protocol used in this study provided limited quantitative data. Although two sections did not demonstrate more bone deposition or faster mineral apposition rate of the nasal bone, it is important to consider that these sections were of poorer quality when compared to the other sections. Higher quality sections with clear, measurable margins showed a difference between frontal and nasal bone growth in both morphology and mineral apposition rate.
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Briers, N. „A morphological and biometric study of the facial characteristics of two South African childhood populations at different age levels“. Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45942.
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Positive identification can be problematic if fingerprinting, DNA, dental history, etc. are no longer available. This may be possible through techniques such as facial approximation, but any form of craniofacial identification requires intimate knowledge of human craniofacial anatomy. Where children are involved, craniofacial changes due to facial growth further complicate matters and require knowledge of tissue thickness and variation in facial shapes. These have hardly been studied in children of African descent.
The aims of this study were to provide data on tissue thickness and craniofacial proportions of South African Black and Coloured children and to document the lateral profile shape changes between the ages of 6 and 13 years.
Tissue thickness was measured using cephalograms of South African children (n = 388). After digitizing the images, tissue thickness measurements were taken at 11 mid-facial landmarks from each image using the iTEM measuring program. Craniofacial proportions were assessed through assessing standardized anterior and lateral facial photographs of 1749 children. Measurements of facial features were taken using iTEM, from which 28 standard facial indices were calculated. For both tissue thickness and craniofacial indices comparisons between groups per age, sex and ancestry were statistically analyzed. In addition, geometric morphometrics were used to describe lateral facial shape changes and differences age, sex and ancestry (n = 800).
The results showed that tissue thickness differences at lower face landmarks are more pronounced in age groups per ancestry as opposed to differences per age and sex. Facial profile per facial shape, class and ancestry showed differences at all landmarks. Craniofacial indices indicated that Coloured children have wider heads, foreheads and faces compared to Black children. The height of the nose and lower lip is longer in Coloured children compared to Black children. In Coloured children, mandibular height and lower face height is shorter in relation to total face height. Males have wider heads, foreheads, mandibles and faces compared to females. The degree of prognathism is dictated by ancestry and to a lesser extent by age and sex as findings showed that maxillary prognathism was more prominent in Black children, while mandibular prognathism were more pronounced in male children. South Africans have a relative concave lateral facial profile due to the maxilla and mandible being more prognathic than in North American children. Differences in lateral face shape between children of various ages, sexes and ancestral groups were visualized through the relative displacement of landmarks related to the forehead and lower face. The resultant differences in lateral facial profile can assist in more accurate estimation of age and ancestry of unknown children. This research created reference datasets for tissue thickness and craniofacial indices of South African children of Black and Coloured ancestry per age and sex that will be useful in the diagnosis of facial dysmorphology and for facial reconstruction / approximation of juvenile remains. It also shed more light on facial growth patterns in the various groups.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2015
Anatomy
PhD
Unrestricted
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Katsube, Motoki. „Critical Growth Processes for the Midfacial Morphogenesis in the Early Prenatal Period“. Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242383.
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Szabo, Rogers Heather Lynn. „The role of the nasal pit and Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling in avian craniofacial development“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31528.
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We characterized the role of FGFs (Fibroblast growth factors) during upper lip fusion in the chicken embryo model. We first undertook an expression study of members of the Sprouty family, intracellular inhibitors of FGF signaling, in the upper face to assess where active FGF signaling is occurring. We found that Sprouty 1, 2, and 4 are expressed in nested, overlapping domains within the fusing upper lip in the frontonasal mass and maxillary prominence. Furthermore the areas that expressed Sprouty family members are adjacent to areas that also express Fgf8 . Next we tested the requirement for FGF signals in the developing lip by implanting beads soaked in an FGF receptor antagonist, SU5402. We hypothesized that loss of FGF signaling would induce a cleft lip through reduced proliferation and increased cell death. We were surprised to find that mesenchyme in the zone of fusion was FGF-independent. In contrast, clefts were induced when beads were placed distant to the zone of fusion, near the top of the nasal slit. We then showed that cranially implanted SU5402 beads decreased active FGF signaling along the lateral edge of the frontonasal mass. Furthermore we showed that the cranially implanted SU5402 beads resulted in reduced proliferation of the cranial region of the frontonasal mass, and increased cell death along the lateral edge of the frontonasal mass. In contrast, beads in the fusion zone had limited effects on gene expression, cell proliferation and cell death. We therefore identified an FGF-dependent growth centre in the cranial frontonasal mass. We proposed a new theory of facial fusion, whereby the FGF-dependent cranial growth centre displaces the globular process towards the maxillary prominence. This led us to hypothesize that the FGF-rich nasal pit epithelia which is directly adjacent to the frontonasal mass growth center influences morphogenesis of the upper beak. We found that the ectopic nasal pits had the capacity to form ectopic cartilage and bone in competent facial mesenchyme. Although we could not attach specific identities to the induced skeletal elements, these experiments show for the first time that the nasal pit epithelium is capable of providing skeletogenic patterning information.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Chance, Charles Allen. „Dependence of craniofacial growth on stages of cervical vertebral maturation and stages of mandibular canine mineralization“. View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2006. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2006-005-chance-index.htm.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2006.Title from title page screen (viewed on October 8, 2007 ). Research advisor: Edward Harris, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xiii, 156 p. : ill.) Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-147).
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Lorenzetti, Marco Antonio. „ANÁLISE CEFALOMÉTRICA COMPARATIVA ENTRE CRIANÇAS RESPIRADORAS BUCAIS E NASAIS“. Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2007. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1236.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-15There are several controversies on the real interference from breathing on craniofacial growth. This study evaluated the possible relationship of the influence of breathing pattern with cephalometric variables: 1) sagittal skeletal variables: convexity of point A, facial depth, maxillary depth and mandibular body length; 2) vertical skeletal variables: lower facial height, facial axis, facial cone, palatal plane, mandibular plane, posterior facial height and mandibular arch; 3) dental variables: protrusion of mandibular incisor and protrusion of maxillary incisor. The sample was composed of 120 children, males and females, with Class I and II-1 malocclusions, mouth breathers and nose breathers, in the mixed and permanent dentition stages, with indication for orthodontic treatment. After orthodontic, ENT and speech evaluations, the sample was divided into 2 groups: 60 children with Class I and II-1 malocclusion, mouth breathers, and 60 children with Class I and II-1 malocclusion, nose breathers; each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to age range, namely 7 to 8 years, 9 to 10 years, and 11 to 12 years. After achievement of results and interpretation of statistical analysis, the following could be concluded: 1) concerning the relationship between breathing patterns and sagittal skeletal variables, there was statistically significant difference with increase in the following cephalometric variables: convexity of point A for mouth breathers aged 7-8 years with Class I malocclusion; and facial depth and maxillary depth for mouth breathers aged 9-10 years with Class II-1 malocclusion; 2) concerning the relationship between breathing patterns and vertical skeletal variables, there was statistically significant difference with reduction in the following cephalometric variables: facial cone for the mouth breathers aged 9-10 years with Class I malocclusion; and mandibular arch for the mouth breathers aged 7-8 years with Class II-1 malocclusion; 3) concerning the relationship between breathing patterns and dental variables, there was no statistically significant difference for protrusion of either maxillary or mandibular incisors, without correlation with breathing patterns (mouth and nose breathing).
Existem muitas controvérsias sobre a real interferência da respiração no crescimento craniofacial. Este estudo avaliou a possível relação da influência do padrão respiratório com as variáveis cefalométricas: 1) variáveis esqueléticas sagitais: convexidade do ponto A, profundidade facial, profundidade da maxila e comprimento do corpo mandibular; 2) variáveis esqueléticas verticais: altura facial inferior, eixo facial, cone facial, plano palatal, plano mandibular, altura facial posterior e arco mandibular; 3) variáveis dentárias: protrusão do incisivo inferior e protrusão do incisivo superior. A amostra constituiu-se de 120 crianças do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino com más-oclusões dentárias de Classe I e II-1, respiradores bucais e nasais na fase da dentadura mista e permanente, com indicação para tratamento ortodôntico. Após as avaliações ortodôntica, otorrinolaringológica e fonoaudiológica a amostra foi dividida em 2 grupos: 60 crianças portadoras de más-oclusões Classe I e Classe II-1 respiradoras bucais e 60 crianças portadoras de más-oclusões Classe I e Classe II-1 respiradoras nasais, sendo cada grupo divididos em 3 subgrupos nas faixas etárias: 7 a 8 anos, 9 a 10 anos e 11 a 12 anos. Após a obtenção dos resultados e a interpretação da análise estatística, foi possível concluir que: 1) das relações entre os padrões respiratórios (bucal e nasal) e as variáveis esqueléticas sagitais: constatou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significante, apresentando-se as variáveis cefalométricas: Convexidade pto. A: aumentada no grupo de respiração bucal, idade de 7 a 8 anos com má-oclusão Classe I. Profundidade facial : aumentada no grupo de respiração bucal, idade de 9 a 10 anos com má-oclusão Classe II-1. Profundidade maxila: aumentada no grupo de respiração bucal, idade de 9 a 10 anos com má-oclusão Classe II-1; 2) das relações entre os padrões respiratórios (bucal e nasal) e as variáveis esqueléticas verticais: constatou-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significante, apresentando-se as variáveis cefalométricas: Cone facial: diminuída no grupo de respiração bucal, idade 9 a 10 anos com má-oclusão Classe I. Arco mandibular : diminuída no grupo de respiração bucal, idade 7 a 8 anos com má-oclusão Classe II-1.; 3) das relações entre os padrões respiratórios (bucal e nasal) e as variáveis dentárias: constatou-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante para nenhuma das variáveis dentárias analisadas: protrusão do incisivo inferior e superior , não se relacionando com os padrões respiratórios (bucal e nasal).
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Coura, Rosalya Maria. „Correlação entre respiração buconasal e alterações anatômicas e funcionais do complexo craniofacial“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6681.
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Previous issue date: 2010-01-15Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research aimed to correlate the oral nasal breathing with the anatomic and functional alterations of the craniofacial complex by means of questionnaires, x-rays and fast clinical tests. It was an analytical study of the observational case control type in quantitative research, carried out in the town of Sousa-PB. In the research, one hundred and forty-three children and teenagers, from both genders, were included as part of a universe of 887 students, varying from 06 up to 14 years old, which were divided into two groups. One of them is a control group: nasal breathers whereas the other one is an experimental group of oral nasal breathers. The results showed a prevalence of 51% of oral nasal breathers in the sample, existing, thus, a meaningful association between oral nasal breathing and the variables related to atypical swallowing, absence of labial sealing, altered phonation, labial hypotonicity, deep hard palate, hypertrophic palatine tonsils, breathless, fast fatigue, taste decreasing, halitosis, dark circle under the eyes, frequent sneezing and saliva while speaking. However, as concern all upper and lower goniac angles, it was observed that the media were approximate between the two groups.
Este estudo objetivou correlacionar a respiração buconasal com as alterações anatômicas e funcionais do complexo craniofacial, através de questionários, radiografias e testes clínicos rápidos. Tratou-se de um estudo analítico do tipo observacional caso-controle em pesquisa quantitativa, desenvolvido no município de Sousa PB. Na pesquisa foram incluídas 143 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os gêneros, dentro de um universo de 887 alunos com faixa etária entre 6 e 14 anos de idade, divididos em dois grupos, sendo um grupo controle os respiradores nasais e um grupo experimental os respiradores buconasais. Os resultados demonstraram uma prevalência de 51% de respiradores buconasais na amostra, existindo associação significativa entre a respiração buconasal e as variáveis deglutição atípica, ausência de selamento labial, fonação alterada, hipotonicidade labial, palato duro profundo, tonsilas palatinas hipertróficas, falta de ar, cansaço rápido, diminuição do paladar, halitose, olheiras, espirros freqüentes e saliva ao falar, porém quanto aos ângulos goníacos total, superior e inferior observou-se que as médias foram aproximadas entre os dois grupos.
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Silva, Fabiane Louly Baptista Santos. „Avaliação cefalométrica do crescimento craniofacial em crianças leucodermas brasileiras, com má oclusão de Classe II durante as fases de crescimento determinadas pela maturação das vértebras cervicais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25134/tde-18082010-102325/.
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As características do crescimento craniofacial dos indivíduos portadores de má oclusão de Classe II na fase de crescimento, são de intenso interesse dos ortodontistas por esta má oclusão representar uma alta porcentagem dos casos em tratamento nos consultórios. Esta investigação objetivou estudar cefalométrica e comparativamente o crescimento craniofacial em crianças leucodermas portadoras de má oclusão de Classe II e de Oclusão Normal. Foram utilizadas 148 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 78 meninos e 70 meninas, faixa etária dos 7 aos 12 anos, portadores de má oclusão de Classe II, e 60 telerradiografias em norma lateral de 30 meninas e 30 meninos com Oclusão Normal. As amostras foram divididas considerando-se o estágio da maturação das vértebras cervicais pelo método de Hassel e Farman(HASSEL; FARMAN 1995), estando os grupos nos níveis Iniciação(I), Aceleração (A) e Transição (T) do desenvolvimento esquelético. Foram utilizadas as grandezas SNA, A-Nperp e Co-A para avaliar o componente maxilar; SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn, Co-Go e Go-Gn para o componente mandibular; ANB representou a relação maxilomandibular; SN.GoGn, FMA, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn e ENA-Me para o componente vertical, e o ângulo da base do crânio representado por NS.Ba. O teste t independente foi aplicado: entre os grupos para verificar a precocidade dos índices entre os gêneros; em cada grupo e índice nos gêneros feminino e no masculino; na comparação entre os grupos em cada índice nos gêneros feminino e no masculino; na comparação entre os grupos na fase IT (Iniciação Transição) em cada gênero. Os resultados mostraram: precocidade do índice A (aceleração) no gênero feminino do grupo de Classe II. Na comparação entre os gêneros do grupo de Classe II no nível I, as medidas de Co-A, Co-Gn, Go- Gn e ENA-Me foram maiores no gênero masculino, que também apresentaram significância estatística no nível A, acompanhado de um maior FMA; no nível T, apenas Co-Gn e ENA-Me foram maiores no grupo de Classe II do gênero masculino. Na comparação entre os gêneros do grupo de Oclusão Normal no nível I, as medidas de FMA e NS.Gn foram maiores no gênero masculino, que também apresentaram significância estatística no nível A, acompanhados do Co-A, SNB, PNPerp, Co-Gn e ENA-Me, enquanto o gênero feminino apresentou maior valor de NSBa; no nível T, apenas Co-Go foi estatisticamente maior no gênero masculino. Na comparação entre os grupos do gênero feminino e nível I, o grupo de Classe II apresentou significância estatística para as variáveis A-Nperp, Co-Go, ANB, SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me e NSBA; na fase A, as medidas Co-Go, ANB, NS.Gn, ENA-Me e NSBa foram maiores no grupo de Classe II que apresentou menor BaN.PtGn; na fase T, apenas Co-Go e BaN.PtGn permaneceram significantes para o grupo de Classe II. Na comparação entre os grupos do gênero masculino e nível I, as variáveis SNB, Co-Gn, Co-Go, ANB, ENA-Me e NSBa foram maiores no grupo de Classe II; no nível A, apenas SNB, ANB e BaNPtGn foram significantes, e permaneceram também no nível T. Avaliando os grupos do gênero feminino na fase IT, as variáveis A-Nperp e Co-Go foram maiores no grupo de Classe II, acompanhados de deficiente relação entre as bases ósseas (ANB), um padrão de crescimento mais vertical (SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me) e maior deflexão da base do crânio (NSBa). Na comparação entre os grupos do gênero masculino na fase IT, o grupo de Classe II apresentou maior retrusão mandibular (SNB), maior ANB, tendência de crescimento craniofacial vertical (BaN.PtGn) e maior deflexão da base do crânio (NSBa). Ficou explícito que a má oclusão de Classe II não se auto corrige, que o crescimento é indomável, imutável e individual, regido pela soberania da genética que é responsável pelo estabelecimento e manutenção do padrão facial durante a vida. Sustentando a intervenção terapêutica nestes níveis de grande expectativa de crescimento determinado pela maturação esquelética, o ortodontista terá a pretensão de contrariar a genética e corrigir a discrepância esquelética presente na Classe II. Essa concepção deverá estar edificada sobre a soberania do crescimento para que o ortodontista vise a prática mais lógica e menos frustrante, sabendo superar as limitações dos resultados, mesmo diante de tratamentos ortopédicos bem sucedidos.Craniofacial growth characteristics of individuals with Class II malocclusion at the stage of growth are of intense interest os Orthodontists for this malocclusion represents a high percentage of cases where treatment in clinics. The purpose of this study was to compare the craniofacial growth changes through 148 (78 males and 70 females) lateral cephalograms of untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, at a mean age of 10,03 years, with those lateral cephalograms of 60 (30 males ans 30 females) subjects with normal occlusion, at a mean age of 10 years, divided by stages of development (Initiation, Acceleration and Transition) as defined by a biological indicator of cervical vertebrae skeletal maturity (HASSEL; FARMAN 1995). Cephalometric measurements in Class II and Normal Occlusion evaluated was SNA, A-Nperp, Co-A, SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn, Co-Go, Go-Gn, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me and NS.Ba. Statistical comparision of the growth changes in the study groups, stages os development and gender were performed with independent t test. Evaluating the Class II group, mens presented Co-A, Co-Gn, Go-Gn and ENA-Me larger at stage I and at stage A accompanied by greater FMA; in stage T, just Co-Gn and ENA-Me were the largest group of Class II of male gender. Evaluating the Normal Occlusion group, mens presented FMA, NSGn larger at stage I and at stage A, accompanied by greater Co-A, SNB, P-Nperp, Co-Gn and ENA-Me, while the female gender has greater value of NSBa; at stage T, only Co-Go was statistically higher in mens gender. In the comparision between the groups of female gender and stage I, the group Class II presented statistical significance for the variables A-Nperp, Co-Go, ANB, SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me e NSBA; at stage A, Co-Go, ANB, NS.Gn, ENA-Me and NSBa were the largest group of Class II that had less BaN.PtGn; at stage T, just Co-Go and BaN.PtGn remained significant for the group Class II. In the comparision between the groups of male gender and stage I, the group Class II presented statistical significance for the variables SNB, Co-Gn, Co-Go, ANB, ENA-Me and NSBa; at stage A, just SNB, ANB and BaNPtGn were significant, and remained in stage T. Evaluating the female gender groups in phase IT, the variables A-Nperp and Co-Go were the largest group of Class II, accompanied by poor relations between the bases described by ANB, more vertical growth pattern (SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, BaN.PtGn, ENA-Me) and greater NSBa. In the comparision between the groups of male gender in phase IT, the group Class II presented greater SNB, ANB, vertical craniofacial growth trend (BaN.PtGn) and greater deflexion at the base of the skull (NSBa).
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Nery, Claudio de Gois. „Relação da otite média secretora com o crescimento craniofacial e as características oclusais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-13102008-155702/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a morfologia/crescimento craniofacial e a oclusão dentária em pacientes (ambos sexos), entre 4 e 10 anos e aumento adenoamigdaliano com e sem otite média secretora (OMS). Utilizou-se análise cefalométrica e modelos de estudo dentários. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos estudados, em relação às medidas lineares e angulares adotadas, exceto, a medida correspondente ao comprimento do palato ósseo (ENA-ENP), que mostrou relação com a idade e a OMS. Não houve um tipo facial predominante. Observou-se discreta predominância de mordida profunda, mordida cruzada posterior e desvio da linha média em relação à OMS, porém sem significância estatística. A atresia maxilar pode estar associada à OMS, assim como sua redução pode estar relacionada ao crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacialThe aim of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial growth/morphology and dental occlusion in 100 patients (male and female) from 4 to 10 years old and tonsils and adenoid enlargement. There were two groups: with and without otitis media with effusion (OME). We used the cephalometric analyses and dental casts. It was not observed significant differences between the two groups, in relationship to the linear and angular measurements adopted, except for the measurement corresponding to the palate bone length, which had shown correlation with age and OME. It was not found a facial pattern predominance. It was observed a discreet predominance of deep bite, posterior cross bite and midline deviation to OME, however without statistical significance. The maxillary narrowing might be associated to OME as well as its reduction may be related to the craniofacial growth and development
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Foley, Bryan Francis. „IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL GENETIC MARKERS OF FACIAL ASYMMETRY AND TMD IN ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY PATIENTS“. Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/286577.
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Oral BiologyM.S.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are comorbid conditions. Most are related to anxiety-induced muscular pain, but some are associated with facial asymmetry resulting from condylar resorption (CR) or condylar hyperplasia (CH). The etiology of the most common forms of CH and CR are still unknown. CR can be caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or more commonly osteoarthritis (OA) of the TMJ, and inflammatory mediators have been previously implicated. Previous studies have identified pain/inflammatory genes related to chronic TMD while others have demonstrated potential genetic markers for RA. Similarly, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified genes associated with height, some of which may participate in craniofacial growth, CH, and the development of asymmetry. Masseter muscle is frequently involved in TMD of muscular origin, and left/right fiber-type differences have been previously found in subjects with facial asymmetry. A human transcriptome microarray was used to evaluate whether genes involved with height, pain, or inflammation were differentially expressed in masseter muscle from facially asymmetric patients with and without TMD. This study evaluated orthognathic surgery patients with varying skeletal malocclusions, including subjects with and without facial asymmetry and TMD (n= 93). Masseter muscle samples were collected from ten orthognathic surgery patients treated to correct skeletal malocclusions. Two of whom were classified with facial asymmetry with or without TMD, with one of the two showing positive evidence of CR. Samples were disrupted in QIAzol Lysis Reagent, RNA was isolated using a Qiagen miRNeasy Mini Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions, and quality of the total RNA was tested by Agilent Bioanalyzer and Nanodrop spectrophotometry. Samples were used for quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and protocols for microarray analysis were conducted as described in the Ambion WT Expression Manual and the Affymetrix GeneChip Expression Analysis Technical Manual. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was completed to detect fold-changes for each transcript to determine differences in global gene expression between the two asymmetric and eight remaining subjects. To find differentially expressed transcripts step-up t-tests were performed to correct for false discovery rate (FDR) comparing the two asymmetric samples to the eight symmetric samples. Differences were considered significant if step-up p-values were ±2 between groups. This study evaluated 847 height-related genes and 551 genes associated in pain/inflammatory processes. Genes of interest were determined a priori from GWA studies and the Algynomics Pain Research Panel v.2.0 partially derived from the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study. Two hundred and eight transcripts of 847 height associated genes and 132 of 551 pain/inflammatory genes were significant for expression (P±2.0 fold differences in facial asymmetry and/or TMD specimens. Among genes specifically reported to be associated with pain/inflammation, NPY5R (+2.11 fold), GABRA6 (+2.14 fold), CACNA2D1 (-12.51 fold) and EREG (+2.12 fold) showed significantly different (P<0.001) expression levels in the two asymmetric versus the remaining eight symmetric patients. CACNA2D1 expression was significantly increased in symmetric male subjects versus symmetric females (P < 0.05) as well as in asymmetric females versus asymmetric males (P < 0.05). CACNA2D1 expression was also significantly increased in symmetric male subjects versus symmetric females (P <0.05) and was differentially expressed at lower levels, however not significantly, in asymmetric males (p = 0.51). Based on the results collected, the following conclusions were drawn. These methods provide a novel approach to study TMD and/or facial asymmetry in human subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that significant expression variation in human height genes may contribute to facial asymmetry with or without TMD, possibly through decreased expression of CACNA2D1. These data suggest TMD patients with facial asymmetry associated with condylar resorption may show significant differential expression of certain inflammatory marker genes such as EREG and CACNA2D1. These data support that gender may play a key role in the development of TMD, possibly through increased CACNA2D1 expression providing protective effects in TMD-free males but deleterious effect in females with TMD. These results support previous findings of pain/inflammatory genes associated with TMD derived from muscular pain. Further studies are needed to understand the genetic contributions to TMD, which may play an important role in future clinical intervention.
Temple University--Theses
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Faria, Maria Estela Justamante de. „Avaliação do crescimento craniofacial e das extremidades de pacientes com deficiência de hormônio de crescimento ou síndrome de Turner em tratamento prolongado com hormônio de crescimento“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-24102007-112651/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes com deficiência de GH e síndrome de Turner, associados a baixa estatura, são beneficiados com o tratamento com GH. Há controvérsias sobre a atuação deletéria do GH no crescimento craniofacial, porém a maioria dos trabalhos é retrospectiva. Nosso objetivo foi realizar estudo prospectivo para avaliar o crescimento craniofacial de pacientes em tratamento com GH e o possível desenvolvimento de traços acromegálicos. CASUÍSTICA: 30 pacientes com idade cronológica de 4,6 a 23 anos e idade óssea de 1,5 a 13 anos divididos em 3 grupos baseados no diagnóstico e uso de GH: grupo 1- pacientes virgem de tratamento com GH portadores de hipopituitarismo e deficiência isolada (n=6); grupo 2: pacientes já em tratamento com GH: portadores de hipopituitarismo e deficiência isolada (n=16); grupo 3: pacientes com síndrome de Turner em tratamento com GH (n=8). A dose do GH utilizada foi de 0.1 a 0.15 U/kg/dia, via subcutânea, à noite, por 2 a 11 anos. MÉTODOS: medidas antropométricas (altura, pés e mãos), radiografia panorâmica, telerradiografia seguida pela análise cefalométrica de Ricketts e medidas lineares da base do crânio, altura facial, terço inferior da face, mandíbula e maxila, e fotografia facial de frente e perfil anualmente, por no mínimo 3 anos. As medidas lineares citadas foram comparadas com a média da população brasileira e entre si para avaliar o desenvolvimento craniofacial individual. As medidas de mãos e pés foram comparadas com atlas de morfometria e consideradas alteradas quando >P97. Os níveis de IGF1 e IGFBP3 foram mensurados a cada 6 meses para adequação da dose de GH. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente tomando-se como significantes valores de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: grupos 1 e 2 (deficiência isolada de GH ou hipopituitarismo): 3 pacientes com perfil desarmonioso obtiveram harmonia, 2 pacientes devido ao crescimento mandibular e um paciente devido ao crescimento maxilar, nenhum paciente desenvolveu desarmonia facial; observamos aumento significante da base posterior do crânio, mandíbula e terço inferior da face (p<0,05). Grupo 3 (síndrome de Turner): 2 pacientes com face desarmoniosa obtiveram harmonia, devido ao crescimento mandibular e nenhuma paciente desenvolveu desarmonia facial. Todos os pacientes, quando comparadas a análise cefalométrica de Ricketts inicial e final, mantiveram o mesmo padrão de crescimento facial. Observamos aumento das mãos em 2 pacientes (1 do sexo masculino com deficiência de GH e outra com síndrome de Turner), enquanto que o aumento dos pés foi observado em 50% das pacientes com síndrome de Turner e em 32% dos pacientes com deficiência de GH. CONCLUSÕES: A comparação das medidas cefalométricas do grupo de pacientes com deficiência de GH, virgem de tratamento, demonstrou maior atuação do GH no crescimento da base posterior do crânio e mandíbula; todos os pacientes mantiveram o mesmo padrão de crescimento craniofacial durante o acompanhamento; não houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as medidas cefalométricas e a harmonia da face, portanto a associação dos métodos de cefalometria e análise facial por fotografia é necessária para avaliar a atuação do GH no crescimento craniofacial, houve melhora da harmonia facial em 28% dos pacientes retrognatas, devido ao crescimento mandibular, portanto pacientes retrognatas podem ser beneficiados com o tratamento com GH; não observamos desenvolvimento de desproporções faciais e nenhum paciente desenvolveu desarmonia facial no decorrer do tratamento com doses padronizadas de GH. Observamos, no entanto, aumento das extremidades, principalmente dos pés.INTRODUCTION: Patients with GH deficiency and Turner syndrome, associated to short stature can benefit from GH treatment. There are controversies on the deleterious effect of GH on craniofacial growth; however, most of the studies are retrospective. Our objective was to carry out a prospective study to evaluate the craniofacial growth of patients in treatment with GH and the possible development of acromegalic features. PATIENTS: 30 patients with chronological age of 4.6 to 23 years and bone age of 1.5 to 13 years divided in 3 groups based on the diagnosis and GH use: group 1- patients with hypopituitarism and isolated GH deficiency naïve to GH treatment (n=6); group 2: patients with hypopituitarism and isolated GH deficiency (n=16) and group 3: patients with Turner syndrome, both already on GH treatment (n=8). GH treatment (0.1 to 0.15 U/kg/day, subcutaneously) was carried out at the night for 2 to 11 years. METHODS: Anthropometrical (height, hands and feet) measurements, panoramic x-ray, teleradiography followed by cephalometric analysis according to Ricketts and linear measurements of the skull base, facial height, lower third of the face, lower jaw and maxilla, and frontal and profile analysis of face by photography were made annually, for at least 3 years. The mentioned linear measurements were compared with the average Brazilian population and among themselves to evaluate the individual craniofacial development. The hand and foot size measurements were compared with a morphometric atlas and were considered increased when >P97. The levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured each 6 months for GH dose adequacy. The results were analyzed statistically and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Group 1 and 2 with isolated GH deficiency or hypopituitarism: 3 patients with disharmonious profile attained harmony, 2 due to the mandibular growth and 1 patient due to maxillary growth; no patient developed facial disharmony; we observed a significant increase of the posterior skull base, inferior jaw and lower third of the face (P<0.05). Group 3 with Turner syndrome: 2 patients with facial disharmony obtained harmony due to the mandibular growth and no patient developed facial disharmony. All of the patients maintained the same pattern of facial growth when the initial and final cephalometric analyses according to Ricketts were compared. Hand size increase was observed in 2 patients (1 with GH deficiency and another with Turner syndrome); foot size increase was observed in 50% of the patients with Turner syndrome and in 32% of the patients with GH deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the cephalometric measurements of the group with GH deficiency naïve to GH treatment, demonstrated a greater GH effect on the growth of the posterior skull base and jaw; all of the patients had kept the same craniofacial growth pattern during the follow-up; there was no statistically significant correlation between the cephalometric measurements and facial harmony; therefore, the association of the methods of cephalometric and facial analysis through photography is mandatory to evaluate the effect of GH on craniofacial growth. There was an improvement in the facial harmony in 28% of the retrognathic patients due to mandibular growth; therefore, patients with mandibular retrognathism can benefit from GH treatment. None of the patients treated with standardized doses of GH developed facial disharmony during treatment. We observed however, an increase of the extremities, mainly of the feet.
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Jabour, Anwar Shawqi Alhazmi. „ASSESSMENT OF SPHENO-OCCIPITAL SYNCHONDROSIS FUSION TIMING AND AN EVALUATION OF ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SKELETAL MATURITY, DENTAL MATURITY AND MANDIBULAR GROWTH“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1492129080263492.
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Junior, Walter Ribeiro Nunes. „Evolução das dimensões da faringe, crescimento craniofacial e sintomas respiratórios em crianças que roncam por aumento das tonsilas faríngea e palatinas tratadas com aparelho ortodôntico Biojusta X“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-27032013-101213/.
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Introdução- Obstrução das vias aeríferas superiores associadas a mudanças nos padrões de sono, estão diretamente relacionados a problemas de crescimento e aprendizagem, o que interfere com a qualidade de vida das crianças com este quadro. Métodos de expansão maxilar já mostraram efeito favorável sobre a função respiratória. Aparelhos removíveis intra-orais têm sido usados no tratamento do ronco e apneia do sono, buscando reequilibrar a postura da mandíbula e da língua para melhorar a função respiratória. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as dimensões da faringe, o crescimento craniofacial e os sintomas respiratórios obstrutivos em crianças com ronco e aumento das tonsilas faríngeas e palatinas em tratamento com um aparelho ortodôntico e ortopédico bucal. Métodos- Quarenta crianças de 6 a 9 anos de idade com tonsilas faríngeas e palatinas graus 3 e 4 e apresentando maxila atrésica e sobressaliência anterior foram divididos em dois grupos aleatórios: 24 pacientes tratados com o aparelho oral e 16 controles não tratados. As dimensões da faringe foram medidas por faringometria acústica. Cefalometria avaliou o crescimento facial, incluindo os valores relacionados com a apnéia do sono. Os pais preencheram questionários sobre os sintomas respiratórios da criança. Os pacientes foram reavaliados após 6 meses, em ambos os grupos. Resultados: A faringometria acústica confirmou um aumento volumétrico de 3,1 cm3 (d.p. ± 2,5) na faringe, no grupo de estudo e uma redução volumétrica de -1,2 cm3 (d.p. ± 1,3) no não tratado (p <0,001). A área mínima de colapsibilidade no grupo de estudo apresentou incremento de 1,1 cm2 (dp ± 0,2) para 1,3 cm2 (d.p. ± 0,2) e uma redução no grupo controle de 1,5 cm2 (dp ± 0,3) para 1,3 cm2 (d.p. ± 0,3) estatisticamente significante (p <0,001). A cefalometria comprovou crescimento craniofacial mais favorável no grupo de estudo, em comparação aos controles, incluindo os valores relacionados a apnéia do sono, como ANB, MMPA e H-ML (p <0,001) . O questionário de sintomas confirmou uma melhoria no padrão de respiração e sono no grupo tratado. Conclusão- As crianças que foram submetidos a esse protocolo de tratamento apresentaram aumento de dimensões da faringe, direção de crescimento mais favorável, e uma melhora na respiração e qualidade do sonoIntroduction- Airway obstruction due to associated changes in sleep patterns are directly related to problems of growth and learning, which interfer with the quality of life for these children. Maxillary expansion methods have shown favorable effect on respiratory function. Intra-oral removable appliances have been used in the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea, seeking to rebalance the posture of the jaw and tongue to improve breathing function. The purpose of this thesis is evaluate the facial growth, pharyngeal dimensions and respiratory symptoms in snoring children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids under treatment with an orthodontic and orthopedic oral appliance. Methods- Forty snoring children ages 6 to 9 years old with tonsil and adenoid enlargement grades 3 and 4 and presenting constricted maxilla were divided into two randomized groups: 24 patients treated with the oral appliance and 16 untreated controls. Pharyngeal size was measured by acoustic pharyngometry. Cephalometry evaluated the facial growth including values related to sleep apnea. Pharyngeal size was measured by acoustic pharyngometry. Parents filled out questionnaires about their child\'s respiratory symptoms. Patients were re-evaluated after 6 months, in both groups Results- Acoustic pharyngometry confirmed a volumetric gain of 3.1 cm3 (s.d. ±2.5) in the pharynx at the study group and a volumetric reduction of -1.2 cm3 (s.d. ±1.3) at the untreated (p<0.001). The minimum area on collapsibility at the study group showed an increment from1.1 cm2 (s.d.±0.2) to 1.3 cm2 (s.d.±0.2) and a reduction on the control group from 1.5 cm2 (s.d.±0.3) to 1.3 cm2 (s.d.±0.3) statistically significant (p<0.001). Cephalometry showed a more favorable facial growth on the study group compared to controls, including values related to sleep apnea prediction such as ANB, MMPA and H-ML (p<0.001). The symptoms questionnaire confirmed an improvement on the breathing pattern at the group treated. Conclusions- Children who underwent this treatment protocol presented more favorable growth direction, enlargement of pharyngeal dimensions, and an improvement in breathing and sleep
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Castro, Aline Maria Alencar de. „AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DO TIPO FACIAL NOS TAMANHOS DOS ESPAÇOS AÉREOS NASO E BUCOFARÍNGE“. Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2006. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1240.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-07The variation in the sizes of the naso and oropharnyx space occurs due to genetic and/or enviromental factors. The reduction in the size of the nasopharnyx space, caused by the hipertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, have been associated to alterations in the facial growth pattern and to harmful effects in the occlusion. The objective of the present study is to evaluate if there is variation in the size of the naso and oropharnyx space in agreement with facial growth pattern, evaluate the agreement with the VERT index and a possible sexual dimorphism. In the measurement of the spaces, were used lateral roentgenography of 90 patients, divided in three groups according to facial craniofacial growth, determined by the VERT index. The patients of the sample, with ages between 9 and 16, had nasal respiratory mode, without any kind of nasal obstruction. It was not observed variation statistically significant in the size of naso and oropharnyx, when compared the three facial growth pattern. Besides, it was not found correlation between the size of the spaces and the VERT index and a sexual dimorphism was not observed.
A variação nos tamanhos dos espaços aéreos naso e bucofaríngeo ocorre devido a fatores genéticos e/ou ambientais. A diminuição no tamanho do espaço aéreo nasofaríngeo, causada pela hipertrofia da tonsila faríngea, tem sido associada a alterações no padrão normal de crescimento craniofacial e a efeitos deletérios na oclusão. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar se há variação nos tamanhos dos espaços aéreos naso e bucofaríngeo de acordo com o padrão de crescimento craniofacial, assim como avaliar a correlação entre os tamanhos dos espaços e o índice VERT, além de verificar um possível dimorfismo sexual. Na mensuração dos espaços, utilizou-se telerradiografias laterais de 90 pacientes, divididos em três grupos de acordo com o padrão de crescimento craniofacial, determinado por meio do índice VERT de Ricketts. Os pacientes da amostra, com idades entre 9 e 16 anos, apresentavam padrão respiratório nasal, sem qualquer tipo de obstrução. Não foi observada variação estatisticamente significante nos tamanhos dos espaços aéreos naso e bucofaríngeo, quando comparados os três tipos faciais. Também não foi encontrada correlação entre os tamanhos dos espaços aéreos e os valores do índice VERT de Ricketts dos pacientes e não foi observado dimorfismo sexual. XII
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Tonello, Cristiano. „Avaliação por imagem tridimensional das características morfológicas e do crescimento do terço médio da face de pacientes com craniossinostose sindrômica submetidos ao avanço frontofacial em monobloco associado à distração osteogênica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-07032017-151610/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A osteotomia em monobloco para o avanço do terço médio e superior da face combinada ao alongamento ósseo gradual consiste em uma modalidade consagrada de tratamento das craniossinostoses sindrômicas. No entanto, alguns aspectos referentes à morfologia do terço médio facial dessas condições, seu comportamento durante o crescimento e quando submetido à cirurgia ainda são pouco compreendidos. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar, por meio de imagens tomográficas tridimensionais, um grupo de pacientes submetidos ao avanço frontofacial em monobloco associado à distração osteogênica, em idade de imaturidade esquelética, quanto às características morfológicas do terço médio da face, aos resultados obtidos com o avanço e seus efeitos no crescimento craniofacial comparados a um grupo não sindrômico. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída de 25 indivíduos, em idade de dentição mista sendo: 16 submetidos ao avanço com exames de tomografia pré e pós-operatório e 9 de um grupo comparativo não sindrômico com exames de tomografia com 1 ano de intervalo durante o período de crescimento. Pontos de referência foram marcados nos modelos de superfície tridimensional do terço médio facial e as seguintes mensurações foram realizadas para o grupo comparativo, dos pacientes antes e após a cirurgia: determinação das dimensões da maxila, ângulos faciais e distâncias entre pontos na base do crânio e superfície da face. A mensuração das distâncias entre pontos correspondentes marcados nas imagens sobrepostas dos diferentes tempos foi utilizada para determinação da magnitude do avanço e comparada aos valores do grupo não sindrômico. Da mesma forma, o crescimento craniofacial prévio à cirurgia foi avaliado em 4 pacientes da amostra que dispunham de exames de tomografia com 1 ano de intervalo previamente ao avanço. O crescimento pós-operatório foi avaliado em 9 pacientes que tinham exames de tomografia com 1 ano de intervalo após o procedimento e ambos foram comparados com o crescimento observado no grupo não sindrômico. RESULTADOS: A maxila dos pacientes com craniossinostose é menor em largura e comprimento comparada aos não sindrômicos. Os ângulos faciais formados pelos pontos orbitário direito e esquerdo e ponto A, zigomático direito e esquerdo e ponto A são estatisticamente diferentes dos não sindrômicos. As distâncias do ponto Sela aos pontos do terço médio são menores nos pacientes comprometidos mas atingem valores comparáveis aos não sindrômicos após o avanço. O crescimento no grupo de crianças com craniossinostose embora não tenha apresentado valores estatisticamente diferentes dos demais, numericamente cresce menos que o grupo comparativo tanto prévia como posteriormente ao procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: O terço médio facial nas craniossinostoses apresenta configuração anatômica alterada, a maxila é hipoplásica e os ângulos faciais mais obtusos denotam uma menor projeção da porção central em relação às laterais. O avanço permite a normalização da posição, no entanto não muda a configuração alterada do terço médio. O crescimento aparentemente está comprometido independente do procedimento cirúrgicoINTRODUCTION: The monobloc osteotomy combined with gradual bone lengthening to advance the upper and midface is an established treatment modality of syndromic craniosynostosis. However, some aspects related to midface morphology and changes during growth and following surgery are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Three-dimensional tomographic image evaluation of patients undergoing frontofacial monobloc distraction group in immature skeletal age is the objective of the study. The morphological characteristics of the midface, the results obtained with the advancement and its effects on craniofacial growth compared to a nonsyndromic group were evaluated. METHODS: The sample consisted of 25 patients of mixed dentition age: 16 submitted to advancement with pre- and postsurgery CT scans and 9 of a comparison nonsyndromic group with CT scans at 1-year intervals during craniofacial growth. Reference points were placed in the 3-dimensional surface models of the midface, and the measurements were performed to compare patients in the pre- and postsurgery groups: determination of the maxillary dimensions, facial angles, and distances between points on the skull base and the surface of the face. The measurement of distances between homologous points placed in the 3D superimposition of images from different times was used to determine the magnitude of the advancement and compared to the values of the nonsyndromic group. Presurgical growth was evaluated in 4 patients that had a 1-year interval prior to the surgery CT scans. Postsurgical growth was evaluated in 9 patients who had CT scans at 1-year intervals after the procedure, and they were compared with the growth of the nonsyndromic group. RESULTS: The maxillary width and length of syndromic patients are smaller compared to the nonsyndromic group. Facial angles formed by right and left orbital points and point A and the right and left zygomatic and Point A are statistically different from those in the nonsyndromic group. The distances from the point Sela to the midface points are lower in syndromic patients but reach values comparable to the nonsyndromic group after advancement. However, growth in the group of children with craniosynostosis did not yield statistically different values of others; it is smaller than the comparison group. CONCLUSION: The midface of syndromic craniosynostosis has a changed anatomical shape, the maxilla is hypoplastic, and the most obtuse facial angles denote a lower projection of the central portion relative to the lateral. The advancement allows the normalization of the position, but the midface shape is not changed.The growth apparently is affected independently of the surgical procedure
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Coughlan, Kevin Michael. „Simulating craniofacial growth“. Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5919.
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Current methods for facial reconstruction are tedious and time-consuming, and require forensic
artists with years of practical experience. Furthermore, the complexity of the reconstruction
problem greatly increases when time-related factors come into play, such as those that
occur in missing children scenarios. This thesis describes a software system for simulating the
growth of the craniofacial skeleton. It is a first step towards our goal of a complete software
package for three-dimensional craniofacial reconstruction. There is a tremendous amount of
data on craniofacial growth in the form of studies that collect frontal and lateral cephalograms,
which can be used to generate three-dimensional coordinates of landmarks on the
craniofacial skeleton at various ages. We define a simplified model of bone growth that uses
these landmarks to drive the growth of the rest of the craniofacial skeleton. The inputs to our
growth model include a triangular mesh acquired from the bone to be grown (e.g. skull, mandible),
a set of vertices on the mesh identified as landmarks, the coordinates of these landmarks
through time, and vertex weights which are a measure of the influence exerted by
landmarks on the rest of the vertices. The output is a triangular mesh, "grown" either forwards
or backwards in time to a specified age. An expert in craniofacial growth assigns these vertex
weights by using a specialized tool called Krayola. We also provide a tool for automatically
generating a first approximation for the vertex weights of a new mesh given the weights previously
assigned to a mesh of similar bone type (e.g. skull, mandible). Validation of our
growth model is an outstanding issue; we lack three-dimensional data (e.g. from CT scans)
for an individual through time, with which we would compare the output of our software. For
now, we must be content with the expert opinion of our colleagues in the Department of Dentistry's
craniofacial reconstruction group, who are quite pleased with our results so far.
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Symchych, Natalie. „Craniofacial growth and development in the Roebuck sample“. 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4171.
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The purpose of this research is to better understand the health of the Roebuck Iroquois population through the study of the growth of its children. Four avenues of osteological analysis are employed to investigate this topic: the comparison of craniofacial measurements to dental age, comparison of craniofacial measurements with one another, assessment of fluctuating asymmetry, and comparisons to other populations. The Roebuck subadults demonstrated a pattern of craniofacial growth consistent with the pattern for a normal, healthy child. Growth spurts in the craniofacial complex were more difficult to observe and interpret than spurs in the long bones. Fluctuating asymmetry was not found in any of the bilateral measurements, indicating that any stress experienced by the Roebuck subadults during development was not great enough to have a detectable impact on cranial symmetry. Roebuck appeared to be similar in size and growth to two other populations with similar subsistence strategies and diets.
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Lawson, Heather Alane Weiss Kenneth M. „Molecular evolutionary underpinnings of craniofacial growth and development“. 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2790/index.html.
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Lombardi, Kimberly Marie. „Environmental stresses and its effect on craniofacial growth and development“. Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23814.
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Scholarly research has documented that environmental stresses affect developmental growth, and the degree of growth retardation is related to the exposure to those stressors (Bennike et al. 2005, Geber 2014, Ivanovsky 1923, Johnson and Gunnar 2011, and Stewart et al. 2013). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects environmental stress has on craniofacial growth and development. It utilized a collection of skeletal remains from the Maagdenhuis Roman Catholic Girl’s Orphanage in Amsterdam, that dates to c 1850-1900AD. Craniometric landmarks from 427 crania were registered with a MicroScribe 3DX digitizer. The data collected was utilized to investigate whether growth retardation was present in the sample, along with an analysis correlating pathological features to growth and development. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to test for significance of growth patterns. The growth patterns were then compared to a dataset of normal growth patterns from the Michigan Craniofacial Growth Study (Riolo et al. 1974) in order to distinguish any differences in development. Further, a Chi-Square analysis and outliers test were used to examine the correlation between pathologies and age of the individuals in the collection.
The intra-class correlation resulted in a low intra-observer error, with significant correlations ranging between .939 and .998. Additionally, the results of this study showed gradual positive slope growth curves for the inter-landmark distances tested, with similar shaped growth curves to the Michigan Craniofacial Growth Study (Riolo et al. 1974). Additionally, the multiple regression produced four age predictive models for this collection, with NLH, ZYB, MAL, UFHT, XCB, MAB, BPL and WFB being the most predictive inter-landmark distances. This study found a significant correlation between pathologies present and individuals’ age. Although there is a correlation between age and pathologies, given the data provided by the outlier analysis, having a score of minor porosity is not sufficient enough to influence or cause growth retardation, definitively. The qualitative analysis conducted for this study found that there was growth retardation present in this collection. A modern forensic application of this research can be applied to identify cases of child abuse and/or institutionalized care on skeletal remains in question, based on growth retardation.
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Reynolds, Russell Thomas. „Basic morphometric analyses in Crouzon, Apert and Pfeiffer defects implications for their delineation, surgical management and growth assessment : thesis submitted as partial fulfillment ... orthodontics /“. 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=HaQ9AAAAMAAJ.
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Lynch, Andrea M. „The effect of single and fractionated dose radiation on craniofacial growth in rats“. Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2458.
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Bone marrow transplant (BMT) preparative regimens for children usually include total body irradiation in combination with chemotherapy. Abnormal growth and endocrine deficiencies have been observed in children after BMT (Sanders 1988). Although the detrimental effects of localized high dose irradiation on craniofacial growth and development are well documented, little is known of the effects of low dose irradiation.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of single and fractionated dose irradiationon craniofacial growth in rats. Eighty seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups. Two groups (Si, S2) received single dose irradiation ranging from 200 to 500 cGy at two days of age. Four groups (F1, F2, F3, F4) received six fractionated irradiation doses ranging from 250 to 600 cGy, administered between two and four days of age. The seventh group (control), received sham irradiation. Weekly weight, length and cephalometric radiographs were taken of each animal from week one to week eight, and again at twenty-one weeks when the animals were killed. Craniofacial growth changes were determined by measurement of sequential lateral cephalographs. Post-mortem mature skulls were measured by metrographic techniques.
Both single and fractionated dose irradiation significantly affected body weight, while only high single dose irradiation influenced body length. Longitudinal data derived from cephalometric radiographs demonstrated that in general the high single dose group was significantly different from the control group in all measurements except neurocranial length. No significant differences were seen between control and low fractionated groups in any measurements except neurocranial height. Cross-sectional analysis of mature skulls using metrographic measurement techniques demonstrated significant differences in cranial length, viscerocranial length, mandibular width, bizygomatic width and height of the cranial vault between control and high single and fractionated dose (Si, S2, F4) irradiation, and between high (F4) and low
fractionated dose (Ft F2, F3) irradiation.
In conclusion, fractionated low dose irradiation has less significant effect on craniofacial growth than high single dose irradiation, and viscerocranial growth was more affected by irradiation than neurocranial growth.
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Iamaroon, Anak. „Characterization of growth and tissue remodelling during the mouse craniofacial and cardiac development“. Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6145.
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Craniofacial and cardiac development share many common basic
biological processes. Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is believed to
play an important role during mammalian embryogenesis. But the role of tissue
remodelling during morphogenesis of the craniofacial complex and heart
remains unclear. Therefore, I hypothesized that changes of basement membrane
components and growth factors were associated with remodelling and growth of
the embryonic primary palate, the future premaxillary area, and the heart.
The present investigation encompassed four projects. First was the
characterization of the distribution of major basement membrane components;
laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin; by indirect immunofluorescence in
the primary palate as the epithelial seam is disrupted and the mesenchymal
bridge forms and enlarges. The results showed that localized disruption of
basement membrane components occurred simultaneously with mesenchymal
bridge formation and enlargement during primary palate formation.
The purposes of the second part were to characterize the distribution
patterns of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha
(TGF-a) and their receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), by
immunohistochemistry and to analyze regional patterns of cell proliferation by
5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorparation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen
(PCNA) immunolocalization during primary palate morphogenesis. The results
showed that EGF, TGF-a, and EGF-R were labelled more intensely in the tips and
peripheral regions of the facial prominences where cell proliferation was most
pronounced. This suggested that EGF and TGF-a stimulate cell proliferation
during outgrowth of prominences during primary palate morphogenesis. The purpose of the third part was to look for the presence of enzymes
involved in degradation of the basement membrane of the epithelial seam
during primary palate morphogenesis. Protein expression of a candidate matrix
metalloproteinase (MMP), 72-kDa gelatinase (MMP-2) was studied by indirect
immunofluorescence and zymography. The results revealed that MMP-2 was
present in the area of fusion in the primary palate and also in the tips and
peripheral regions of the facial prominences. This localization of MMP-2
suggested that regional differences in tissue remodelling are involved in
directional enlargement of the facial prominences. Gelatin zymography
confirmed the presence of active and latent MMP-2 in the developing
craniofacial complex.
The purpose of the last part was to examine the distribution of MMP-2 and
its substrates: type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin during heart
morphogenesis by indirect immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the
distribution patterns of MMP-2 were highly correlated with that of the E C M
components from embryonic day 9-13.
Collectively, these data indicate that the mechanisms of growth and tissue
remodelling during craniofacial and heart development are complex and may
involve multiple interactions between various molecular factors; including E C M
components (type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin), growth factors (EGF
and TGF-a) and their receptor (EGF-R), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2).
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Jiwa, Safeer. „Applicability of deep learning for mandibular growth prediction“. Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41354.
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OBJECTIVES: Cephalometric analysis is a tool used in orthodontics for craniofacial growth assessment. Magnitude and direction of mandibular growth pose challenges that may impede successful orthodontic treatment. Accurate growth prediction enables the practitioner to improve diagnostics and orthodontic treatment planning. Deep learning provides a novel method due to its ability to analyze massive quantities of data. We compared the growth prediction capabilities of a novel deep learning algorithm with an industry-standard method.
METHODS: Using OrthoDx™, 17 mandibular landmarks were plotted on selected serial cephalograms of 101 growing subjects, obtained from the Forsyth Moorrees Twin Study. The Deep Learning Algorithm (DLA) was trained for a 2-year prediction with 81 subjects. X/Y coordinates of initial and final landmark positions were inputted into a multilayer perceptron that was trained to improve its growth prediction accuracy over several iterations. These parameters were then used on 20 test subjects and compared to the ground truth landmark locations to compute the accuracy. The 20 subjects’ growth was also predicted using Ricketts’s growth prediction (RGP) in Dolphin Imaging™ 11.9 and compared to the ground truth. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of Ricketts and DLA were then compared to each other, and human landmark detection error used as a clinical reference mean (CRM).
RESULTS: The 2-year mandibular growth prediction MAE was 4.21mm for DLA and 3.28mm for RGP. DLA’s error for skeletal landmarks was 2.11x larger than CRM, while RGP was 1.78x larger. For dental landmarks, DLA was 2.79x, and Ricketts was 1.73x larger than CRM.
CONCLUSIONS: DLA is currently not on par with RGP for a 2-year growth prediction. However, an increase in data volume and increased training may improve DLA’s prediction accuracy. Regardless, significant future improvements to all growth prediction methods would more accurately assess growth from lateral cephalograms and improve orthodontic diagnoses and treatment plans.
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Ouatik, Nabil. „Cephalometric analysis of craniofacial growth of a cohort of cleft lip and palate patients“. Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8161.
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Gevorgyan, Artur. „Radiation-induced craniofacial bone growth inhibition: Investigation of the mechanisms and radioprotection in vitro“. 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=452891&T=F.
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ZHUANG, SEN-YUAN, und 莊森源. „Experimental study on growth and development of craniofacial skeleton after changing the morphology of the tongue“. Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32744878458422468070.
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Yusof, Asilah. „Craniofacial growth changes in Malaysian Malay children and young adults: a cross-sectional 3-dimensional CT study“. 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/39388.
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This thesis presents a three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) analysis of craniofacial morphology and growth changes in Malaysian Malay subjects. A large number of CT scans (n=205) from birth to adulthood were gathered for this purpose. CT scans were obtained using a GE Lightspeed Plus Scanner. Craniofacial morphology has been analysed based on cephalometric landmarks located in three-dimensions, using specially-designed computer software. The main aims were to produce new 3D normative reference data for selected craniofacial variables in Malaysian Malays and to study growth changes in different craniofacial regions. The specific areas of investigation included: 1. Construction of craniofacial growth references (in tabular and graphical formats) for Malaysian Malays; 2. Quantitative analysis of growth changes in the craniofacial complex using linear and angular measurements derived from landmark data; 3. Comparison of craniofacial measurements between males and females to determine the extent of sexual dimorphism; 4. Quantitative analysis of the nature and extent of directional asymmetry of selected craniofacial regions; 5. Comparisons of selected variables with published data from other ethnic groups. Craniofacial morphology and growth changes were analysed using 3D osseous landmarks. A computer program, PERSONA, was used to locate and analyse the three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks. The accuracy of landmark location was assessed using double determinations. Selected measurements were derived from the landmark data to describe the morphology of different craniofacial regions, e.g. facial skeleton, cranial base and cranial vault. Normative reference data for a large number of variables covering the skull, cranial base and face at selected age categories for males and females were constructed. These data were presented in tables and scatter plots of variables against age. From the normative data collected, patterns of growth changes of different craniofacial regions in three-dimensions were also investigated. Generally, each craniofacial region showed a unique growth pattern as observed from differential growth patterns. All measurements showed size increase from infancy to adulthood. Periods of increased size differences were also noted for most variables in all regions that corresponded to the timing of mid- and adolescent growth spurts. These extensive normative reference data, specific for age categories and sexes, provide normal references against which the craniofacial morphology of individuals with craniofacial abnormalities can be compared. Clinical applications of this quantitative approach to the craniofacial skeleton should facilitate the management of craniofacial abnormalities. Following the construction of normative data and description of growth changes for different craniofacial regions, intra-populational differences were studied. This included analysis of sexual dimorphism of the craniofacial structures and an investigation of asymmetry between paired left and right measurements. Sexual dimorphism was observed for linear variables in this study. Differences in size between males and females were not very obvious during infancy as only a few variables showed significant differences. The number of variables that showed sexual dimorphism in size increased from infancy to adulthood. Sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial region was most evident during adulthood with 46% of variables displaying significant differences between the sexes. During infancy, only 3% of the variables showed significant size differences between the sexes, increasing to 7% during childhood. Magnitudes of sexual dimorphism were calculated to highlight the pattern of dimorphism in different craniofacial regions and across different ages. A small degree of directional asymmetry was noted in all of the craniofacial regions investigated. Asymmetry analysis revealed that the cranial base, face and mandible tended to be larger on the right side than the left. Other regions exhibited asymmetry but without any clear trend in direction. Asymmetry percentages were also calculated to enable the patterns and magnitudes of asymmetry in different craniofacial regions to be compared. Generally, the amount of asymmetry exhibited in the craniofacial structures for Malaysian Malays was small. Having established that differences existed within the Malay sample, craniofacial data for Malays were compared with published data for two Caucasian populations. This analysis revealed that differences exist in craniofacial morphology between different ethnic groups. Some of the differences can be discerned from childhood but many variables only display differences during adulthood. Craniofacial structures tended to be smaller in Malays than in Caucasians. The intent of this investigation has been to provide clinicians with normative values of measurements that will be useful in diagnosis, treatment planning and post-operative care of patients with craniofacial abnormalities. Important treatment goals include producing balanced cranial and facial form to approximate that of unaffected people and also improving the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be able to recognise the nature and extent of normal variation in craniofacial structures and also appreciate the growth changes that may occur over time, before investigating these changes in patients with craniofacial abnormalities. Comparisons of measurements of affected patients with well-characterised referent data can facilitate diagnosis and overall patient management. Moreover, quantification based on three-dimensional data provides new insights into craniofacial growth changes and morphology compared with conventional 2D approaches.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1280892
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Dental School, 2007.
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莊敏琪. „The effect of alveolar bone grafting on craniofacial growth of unilateral complete cleft lip and palate patients“. Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57584096969610521670.
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Yi-Hsuan, Liao, und 廖怡萱. „Effects on the craniofacial growth and development by injection of botulinum neurotoxin into the masseter muscle of rat“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29308336432530636148.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
牙醫學系
93
This study was to evaluate the influence of masseter muscle on the craniofacial growth and development by using the botulinum neurotoxin to cause the masseter muscle atrophy. 10 male Wistar rats (experiment group,30 days old) were received botulinum toxin injection in one side of masseter muscle and normal saline in the other side;3 rats(control group) were no injection.The rats were sacrificed at 75 days of age. Muscle sections of the masseter muscle were weighted and the anthropometric measurements were made directly on rat dry skull . The results showed that the muscle weight of botulinum toxin injection side decreased. The craniofacial morphology of the botulinum toxin injection side were smaller in distances of zygomatic arch to mandibular lower border and ramus height (Cor-Gn) than that of the normal saline injection side. It demonstrated that atrophy of masseter muscle altered the craniofacial growth and development.
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Chiu, Wan Chi, und 邱琬棋. „Evaluation of Craniofacial Growth and Development Following Injections of Botulinum Neurotoxin into Masseter and Temporalis Muscles of Rats“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80927818393517195782.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
牙醫學系碩博士班
96
This study seeks to evaluate the craniofacial growth and development of growing rats following injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A (Botox®, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, USA) into masseter and temporalis muscles of rats. It aims to achieve masseter and temporalis muscle paralysis, inducing a decreased masticatory function, and to investigate the influences of masticatory hypofunction on cranial, maxillary, and mandibular bone growth and development. The study was comprised of 60 Long-Evans rats which were 28 days old and randomly divided into four groups. A 25U/mL of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) was injected according to the following groups: Group I injection of bilateral masseter muscles (bilateral temporalis muscles received equal amounts of 0.9% sterile, non-preserved saline); Group II injection of bilateral temporalis muscles (bilateral masseter muscles received equal amounts of 0.9% sterile, non-preserved saline); Group III injection of bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles; Group IV is the control, both bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles received 0.9% sterile, non-preserved saline. The animals were weighed every week for a period of 7 consecutive weeks. After 49 days, the mature rats were perfused and sacrificed. The masseter and temporalis muscles were carefully dissected and harvested and the mean muscle mass were recorded. With the preparation of the dried skulls, direct anthropometric cranial, maxillary, and mandibular measurements (a total of 40 parameters) were carried out on the dried skulls. At the end of the experiment, 53 animals completed the study. The mean changes in animal weights over the 7 weeks did not show any statistical significance. Following injections of BoNT-A, the mean temporalis mass in Group I and Group IV(µ=0.64±0.03g and 0.61±0.09g respectively) were more than Group II and Group III(µ=0.43±0.03g and 0.33±0.02g respectively); the mean masseter muscle mass in Group II and Group IV(µ=1.41±0.07g and 1.38±0.04 g) were more than Group I and Group III(µ=1.26±0.22g and 1.04±0.04g respectively). The differences in mean muscle wet mass were statistically significant (p＜0.001). Out of the 40 parameters measured, 16 direct anthropometric measurements were statistically significant(p＜0.05) and were as follows: (1)The cranial measurements in the experimental groups were smaller in the maximum skull height and upper anterior facial height and longer in the lower anterior facial height and the total anterior facial height. (2)The maxillary measurements of U8 bimolar distance were the widest in Group III and the narrowest in the control. (3)The mandibular measurements of total mandibular length I~III and the corpus length were longer in the experimental groups with the longest in Group III; in ramus height I~IV, the experimental groups were shorter than the control and Group I had the longest ramus height of all; the mandibular plane angles were flatter in the experimental groups and Group III had the smallest angle of all; in the bicoronoidal width and the bigonial width, the narrowest was in Group III. The results shown that, following paralysis and atrophy of the masticatory muscles, a short upper anterior facial height with a lengthy lower anterior facial height would be observed. The mandibular length and the ramus height would be longer than normal and the distance between the right and left coronoid processes and the gonial angles would be shorter in width. This is typical of a facial profile that favors a vertical growth rotation and a formulation of dolichofacial pattern. It is demonstrated that atrophy of masitcatory muscles would alter craniofacial growth and development.
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Young, Simon. „The effect of simultaneous, controlled release of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors on the enhancement of osteogenesis within craniofacial defects“. Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/22154.
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Successful translation of experimental therapeutics to the clinical setting will require development of challenging in vivo models which mimic oral and craniofacial wound healing environments, and can accurately assess a construct's angiogenic and osteogenic performance. With the intent of developing an easily accessible and reproducible, non-healing alveolar bone defect in the rabbit, 10-mm diameter partial- and full thickness cylindrical defects were created in the premolar/molar region of the mandible. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis of the partial thickness defect demonstrated significant bone formation at 8 weeks, and complete union and contour regeneration at 16 weeks. In contrast, the full thickness defect was never able to bridge itself and only exhibited partial bone regeneration by 16 weeks, demonstrating the potential of the mandibular full thickness defect as a test bed for tissue engineering constructs. A subsequent study examined the use of contrast-enhanced micro-CT to characterize neovascularization in the rabbit alveolar bone defect model. Scaffold-implanted groups were found to have differences in vessel network morphology versus empty defects. These results suggest the rabbit alveolar bone defect model in conjunction with micro-CT imaging is a robust system for evaluating the angiogenic and osteogenic potential of tissue engineering constructs. Lastly, the scale-up to larger human applications will require rapid and adequate vascularization throughout implanted scaffolds, perhaps necessitating simultaneous delivery of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors with specific release kinetics and dosages for effective tissue regeneration. A final study investigated the dose effect of simultaneous delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for bone regeneration in a critical size rat cranial defect at 12 weeks. A dose-dependent decrease in percent bone formation was observed as BMP-2 alone decreased from 2 microg to 0.5-1 microg. The addition of VEGF in amounts of 6-12 microg was unable to reverse this decrease in bone formation, although improvements in bony bridging were seen in some of the dual release groups. Thus, further optimization of the growth factor doses and release kinetics may be required to observe long-term benefits over single growth factor release in this particular animal model.
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Nobre, Marta Filipa Simões Pinheiro. „Avaliação da correlação da interposição lingual e ou hábitos de sucção e maloclusões na dentição decídua e mista : estudo preliminar de uma amostra de pacientes odontopediátricos na Clínica Dentária da UCP“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/11204.
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Introdução: O crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial é resultante da interacção de
mecanismos genéticos, hormonais e neurológicos, influenciados por factores locais, como os
hábitos orais. A oclusão normal, para além de depender de um adequado crescimento da face,
depende também da angulação e morfologia dos dentes, dos músculos da mastigação e dos
movimentos funcionais. A influência de factores locais pode originar deformações ósseas,
maloclusões e alteração de funções tais como a respiração, a mastigação, a deglutição, a
sucção e a dicção. Assim, torna-se importante a prevenção das potenciais alterações advindas
dos hábitos orais através do diagnóstico precoce e do tratamento preventivo/interceptivo. O
objectivo principal do presente estudo consistiu em detectar a correlação entre os hábitos de
sucção e hábitos de interposição e maloclusões numa amostra de pacientes odontopediátricos,
no estádio de dentição decídua e mista.
Materiais e métodos: Para a realização deste estudo foi seleccionada uma amostra
populacional dos pacientes que compareceram às consultas de Odontopediatria da Clínica
Dentária da Universidade Católica de Viseu – Pólo de Viseu, entre 14 de Fevereiro e 21 de
Junho. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão seleccionou-se uma amostra de
68 pacientes. Para a recolha de dados foi desenvolvido um questionário que engloba
parâmetros tendentes a estabelecer uma correlação entre variáveis, não comparadas
previamente. Com este questionário pretendeu avaliar-se se o paciente foi amamentado e qual
a duração da amamentação, se foi alimentado por biberão, se tinha algum hábito de sucção e
qual a duração deste hábito, se tinha algum hábito de interposição (interposição lingual,
interposição labial e deglutição atípica), o tipo de respiração, a presença de amígdalas e
adenóides, o trespasse horizontal e o trespasse vertical, a existência de mordida aberta ou
cruzada, a classe de Angle Molar e Canina.
A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada utilizando o Teste Qui-Quadrado, o Coeficiente V
de Cramer e o Odds Ratio, recorrendo ao programa SPSS 17.0. Foram considerados
significativos os valores cujo nível de significância foi inferior a 5% (p <0,05).
Resultados e Conclusão: Verificou-se uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre as
variáveis deglutição atípica e trespasse vertical diminuído (p=0,008); amamentação e
respiração nasal (p=0,044); duração da amamentação e desenvolvimento de hábitos orais
(p=0,003); e respiração nasal e mordida cruzada (p=0,035).Introduction: The craniofacial growth and development is a result of the interaction of genetic, hormonal and neurological mechanisms, influenced by local factors, such as oral habits. Normal occlusion depends on adequate growth of the face as well as teeth angulations and morphology, mastication muscles and functional movements. The influence of local factors can lead to bone deformities, malocclusion, and changes in functions such as breathing, chewing, swallowing, sucking and diction. Thus, it is relevant the prevention of correlated potential deformities by means of early diagnosis and preventive/interceptive treatment. The main aim of this study is the evaluation of a possible correlation between sucking habits and tongue thrusting and malocclusion on the stage of deciduous and mixed dentition. Materials and methods: For this study a sample was selected from the patients who attended to the Pediatric consults of Dental Clinic of Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Pólo de Viseu, between February 14 and June 21. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was selected a 68 patients sample. For data collection was developed a questionnaire which includes parameters aimed to establish a correlation between variables, which comparison was not described. This questionnaire allowed to assess if patients were breast-fed and for how long, if children were bottle-fed, if had sucking habits and its duration, if they had labial or tongue thrust at rest or during swallow, the breathing pattern, the presence of tonsils and adenoids, overbite and overjet, the presence of openbite or crossbite, and the molar and canine Angle Class. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square Test, the Cramer’s V Coefficient and the Odds Ratio, using SPSS 17.0 program. Were considered significant the values which the significance level was less than 5% (p< 0,05). Results and Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between tongue thrust during swallow and diminished overbite (p=0,008); breastfeeding and nasal breathing (p=0,044); breastfeeding duration and oral habits development (0,003); and nasal breathing and crossbite (p=0,035).
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Tapert, Christa M. „Craniofacial growth response to recombinant growth hormone treatment in idiopathic short statured children results of a two-year controlled study : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science in Pediatric Dentistry ... /“. 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68794446.html.
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