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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Crime against the environment - Brazil“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Crime against the environment - Brazil"
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da Silva, Ednaldo Monteiro, und Enrico Bernard. „Inefficiency in the fight against wildlife crime in Brazil“. Oryx 50, Nr. 3 (09.01.2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314001082.
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AbstractBrazil's biodiversity faces significant threats, including wildlife crime. Although wildlife is protected by law and there are enforcement agencies to administer penalties and impose fines, the effectiveness of this system is questionable. Tackling wildlife crime requires legislation aligned with well-structured mechanisms for surveillance and de facto punishment. We used data on notifications of violations and payment of fines associated with wildlife crime in the state of Pernambuco over 12 years as a proxy for efficiency in tackling wildlife crime in Brazil. We tracked 803 processes from 2000–2012, extracting data on the type of violation, the fine imposed, the length of process handling, and processing and payment status. The number of processes rose from 17 in 2004 to 167 in 2012, with 69% of cases occurring during 2008–2012. Only 37.6% of processes were concluded, with completion times of 286–4,558 days. Some processes had been open for 11.5 years. Fines totalling > USD 22 million were issued but only c. 1% of this amount was paid. Small fines are often pardoned or converted to a warning. Although enforcement has improved it is still inefficient, with errors in notification and data entry, a lengthy judicial process, and an inability to recover unpaid fines.
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Mota, Jurema Corrêa da, Ana Gloria Godoi Vasconcelos und Simone Gonçalves de Assis. „Correspondence analysis: a method for classifying similar patterns of violence against women“. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 24, Nr. 6 (Juni 2008): 1397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2008000600020.
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Violence against woman has received relatively little debate in society. It includes physical, psychological, and sexual abuse that jeopardizes the victim's health. Multivariate correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were applied to crimes reported to the Integrated Women's Aid Center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to investigate associations between injury and define criteria for classifying the aggressions. Three groups of abuse were identified, differing according to the nature (physical, psychological, or sexual) and severity of the crimes. Less serious crimes consisted of threats and moderate physical injuries. The intermediate severity group included serious physical assault and threats. More serious crimes included death threats, rape, and sexual assault. The method thus allowed classification of the crimes in three groups according to severity.
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Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho, Ana Lucia Kassouf und Marcelo Justus. „The role of social capital in the victimization risk against property: evidence from Brazil*“. Economia e Sociedade 28, Nr. 2 (August 2019): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2019v28n2art11.
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Abstract The economic model of crime presupposes that individuals evaluate the decision to commit a crime rationally. A more inclusive version of this model would include social capital as a factor influencing criminal activity. The amount of social capital that exists within a group can be used to explain criminal behavior, and an increase in the level of social capital can be a factor capable of preventing crime. This study tests the hypothesis that increasing the level of social capital reduces the risk of victimization against property. Results from variations of an IV-Probit model were used to evaluate data from Latin American Public Opinion Project surveys conducted in Brazil. These results suggest that a higher level of social capital among individuals increases the likelihood that they will cooperate for mutual benefit, such as combating crime.
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Kolb, O. H., und O. M. Humin. „ABOUT SOME CRIMINOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT SIGNS OF CRIME AGAINST THE ENVIRONMENT“. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, Nr. 60 (2020): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2307-3322/2020.60.32.
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Vukusic, Ivan. „Criminal Protection of Environment-Organized Crime and Effective Regret“. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 5, Nr. 5 (2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.55.3003.
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This paper analyzes special criminal offences of environment endangering through national and international legislation. How social aspect is important in criminal law because of prevention of injury, legislator predicted provision of effective regret if person acts as individual perpetrator or as part of criminal organization. That is key reason why paper analyzes effective regret prescribed in Criminal Code of Croatia in Special part (Head protecting environment and Head protecting public order). Mostly, environment will be injured by act of individual, but nowadays, environment is valuable resource that enables to gain large profit and as such is aim of criminal organizations. Legislator punishes mostly stadium of environment endangering, so paper reflects nature of provisions against environment on possibility of effective regret (instrument of stopping injury of legal good (material completion of criminal offence against environment)). Paper analyzes also UN Palermo Convention and EU Framework Decision against organized crime, specially provisions about conspiracy (when exists no criminal organization) and criminal organization and on end their comparison with legislation of Croatia. De lege ferenda is noted that Framework Decision must incriminate conspiracy established for only one criminal offence, and not for only two or more, because one criminal offence can have characteristics of organized crime as well. Paper concludes that it is necessary to predict effective regret by more criminal offences of environment endangering because it represents best way of legal good protection. If person acts as part of criminal organization, it should be sufficient that content of effective regret presents certainly prevention of commission of criminal offence without disclosure of criminal organization because protection of legal good (environment) should have an advantage over punishment of perpetrator.
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Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho, Ana Lucia Kassouf und Marcelo Justus. „An estimate of the underreporting of violent crimes against property applying stochastic frontier analysis to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil“. Nova Economia 28, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2018): 779–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/4202.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the level of underreporting of violent crimes against property in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using stochastic frontier analysis. Failure to report a crime to competent authorities has negative consequences for the effectiveness of public safety policies, because policy decisions regarding criminal matters are based on official crime statistics, which in turn are biased by underreporting. An awareness of the magnitude of underreporting should help policy makers to design more appropriate crime prevention strategies. The database used for the study defines armed robbery, robbery, and theft as violent crimes against property. The main results of the study show that, from 2004 to 2011, 32.7% of all violent crimes against property in the state were not reported. A robustness test was carried out on the estimates by employing the same technique to calculate the level of underreporting for the homicide rate, which is the least unreported crime.
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De Avila, Thiago Pierobom. „Facing Domestic Violence Against Women in Brazil: Advances and Challenges“. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i1.397.
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This article aims to offer a critical overview of the Brazilian legal framework for confronting domestic violence against women. Intimate partner homicides are epidemic in Brazil: there are four deaths of women per day. In 2006, the Maria da Penha Law (MPL) introduced integrated polices and transformed criminal procedures to deal with the complexities of gender violence. Reforms included the establishment of The House of Brazilian Women, women-only police stations, specialised courts, intervention orders, interdisciplinary experts, and perpetrator programs. In 2015, a new law created the crime of femicide, designed to prevent ‘honor killings’ defenses in cases of intimate partner homicide and to avoid impunity. Despite law reform, structuring and articulating the network of services remains a challenge. The MPL led to great social change in Brazil regarding awareness of the violence against women, facilitating a broader discussion about gender equality.
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GARCIA, Danler, und Diego NUNES. „“É antes um delito político do que natural ou individual”: a condição jurídica dos delitos de abuso de liberdade de imprensa no Direito Penal do Brasil Império“. Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 13, Nr. 1 (31.01.2021): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202113102.
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The following work focuses on the legal status of offenses against press freedom under the Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, whether common crimes, special crimes, or political crimes. In light of the absence in the historiography of historical-legal investigations into this unique issue, this article has sought to analyze historical sources, such as doctrines on criminal and constitutional law by the Empire’s authors, as well as contemporary literature on history, law, and other fields of knowledge distinct from law. The result reveals a disparity in sources on offenses against press freedom, classifying them as regular crime, crime sui generis, private crime, and political crime, with the latter type predominating.
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Mathews, John A. „Opinion: is growing biofuel crops a crime against humanity?“ Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 2, Nr. 2 (2008): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.59.
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Lukashevich, Сергей Юрьевич, und Natela Shevchenko. „Criminological analysis of criminal offenses against the environment“. Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine 1, Nr. 15 (06.08.2021): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.231356.
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The article subjected to criminological analysis of criminal offenses against the environment. The study of statistical information of the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, contained in the Uniform reports on criminal offenses for 2013-2020 (Form 1: approved by Order of the State Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine dated 23.10.2012 in coordination with the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine) and other sources of empirical information shows a tendency of growing level of criminal offenses against the environment on the background of general decrease of crime level in Ukraine. The structural elements and dynamics of criminal offenses against the environment are provided. The criminal offenses against the environment are noted as a serious problem in modern society. Basing on the considered material the authors conclude that criminal offences against the environment have a tendency of steady increasing, and the necessity of this phenomenon to be resolutely struggled. The authors emphasize the problem of the latency of crimes in studying area.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Crime against the environment - Brazil"
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Moreno, Renata Franco de Paula Gonçalves 1976. „Reflexão sobre a efetividade da proteção ambiental no Brasil : uma análise sociológica e jurídica sobre a lei de crimes ambientais“. [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281032.
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Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira CostaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Com o advento do século XX, a percepção dos problemas ambientais pôde ser melhor compreendida, já que se colocou em contradição a relação entre desenvolvimento e meio ambiente, questionando conceitos consolidados inerentes à sociedade capitalista. Sob esta perspectiva, a questão ambiental e sua preservação se colocaram como insolúveis dentro da sociedade pós-moderna. Deste modo, o direito se apresenta como uma tentativa de conter e disciplinar os riscos produzidos por esta sociedade na pós-modernidade. Ocorre que a imponderabilidade de racionalizar as incertezas desses novos riscos, legitimou o direito penal como mecanismo de controle, através da criminalização de condutas, deixando de ser um direito garantidor da liberdade individual, para atuar na gestão do risco mediante a adaptação do aparelho punitivo do Estado, flexibilizando conceitos e contrariando princípios constitucionais. Assim, o direito penal ao deixar de ser a ultima ratio para se transformar em sola ratio, ao invés de conferir maior proteção, acabou por aumentar a insegurança, invertendo a ordem jurídica já admitida e instituída
Abstract: Upon the beginning of the 20th century, the perception of environmental problems was enhanced and better understood to the extent it was possible to establish a contradiction between economic development and environment, questioning already consolidated concepts related to the capitalist society. Based on this perspective, the environment and its preservation were put as an unquestionable matter in post modern society. In this manner, Law presents itself as an alternative to restrain and regulate the risks produced by such post-modern society. Accordingly, criminal law was legitimated as a control mechanism as a result of the impossibility of rationalization of uncertainties and, as such, Criminal Law is no longer a form to guarantee individual rights, but instead, a form of risk management through the adaptation of the public criminal apparatus, flexing concepts and contradicting constitutional principles. As a result of the above and because Criminal Law is no longer the last resource but the only one, uncertainty has increased thus reverting the already established and institutional juridical order
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutora em Ciências Sociais
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Pineschi, Bruna de Carvalho Santos. „Criminalização da pessoa jurídica: análise da efetividade em face da Lei n. 9.605/1998“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21216.
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The objective of this work is to bring the discussion about a very controversial and increasingly recurrent topic in criminal doctrine: the criminal liability of corporations in Brazil and in the world. Until the 1980s, most countries still followed the societas delinquere non potest principle, adopting only civil and administrative liability to acts practiced by corporations. However, in the last decades, several countries have adopted this institute in their legal systems in order to modernize and increase their criminal norms for the modern world’s new realities. This is caused by the fact that the evolution of law has not been able to keep up with the new demands of the risk society we live in. It occurs that the introduction of this new institute has generated innumerable doctrinal criticism and difficulty in adapting to the legal-criminal dogmatics constructed on the basis of the classic Enlightenment criminal law. Much is questioned about the new modern criminal policies and their real effectiveness. In Brazil, the situation is no different. There are innumerous barriers and doubts on the subject, even after the emergence of the Federal Constitution of 1988, and the adoption of the institute by the Law of Environmental Crimes (Law 9.605 / 98). Therefore, in brief, the present work intends to cover: the main problems raised on the subject, taking into account the favorable and opposite arguments presented by the doctrine; its evolution and the context in which it was inserted today; their treatment in comparative law; its situation in the Brazilian legal system through the Federal Constitution of 1988, Law 9605/98, experience of jurisprudence, and the way in which they have been applied; and, finally, the real necessity and effectiveness that this institute has presented since adoption
O objetivo deste trabalho é trazer a discussão sobre um tema muito polêmico e cada vez mais recorrente na doutrina penal: a responsabilidade penal das pessoas jurídicas no Brasil e no mundo. Até cerca dos anos 1980, a maior parte dos países ainda seguia o princípio societas delinquere non potest, adotando apenas a responsabilidade civil e administrativa aos atos praticados pelos entes coletivos. Porém, nas últimas décadas, diversos países passaram a adotar esse instituto em seus ordenamentos visando modernizar e incrementar suas normas penais às novas realidades mundiais. Isso porque a evolução do direito não tem conseguido acompanhar as novas demandas da sociedade de risco a qual vivemos. Ocorre que a introdução desse novo instituto tem gerado inúmeras críticas pela doutrina e dificuldade de adaptação à dogmática jurídico-penal construída com base no direito penal clássico iluminista. Muito se questiona sobre as novas políticas criminais modernas e sua real efetividade. No Brasil, a situação não é diferente. Inúmeras são as barreiras e as dúvidas sobre o tema mesmo após o surgimento da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da adoção do instituto pela Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei n. 9.605/1998). Portanto, resumidamente, o presente trabalho pretende abarcar, através de pesquisa doutrinária, legislativa, jurisprudencial e de campo: os principais problemas suscitados sobre o tema, considerando os argumentos favoráveis e contrários apresentados pela doutrina; sua evolução e o contexto no qual foi inserido; seu tratamento no direito comparado; sua situação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro através da Constituição Federal de 1988, da Lei n. 9.605/1998, a experiência jurisprudencial e a forma como tem sido aplicada e, por fim, a real necessidade e efetividade que esse instituto apresenta desde sua adoção
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Wong, May-tak Glady. „Environmental regulation and crime : the case of pollution in Hong Kong /“. [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781194.
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Wolf, Brian Christopher. „Environmental crime and justice : the organizational composition of corporate noncompliance /“. view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181136.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-148). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Medeiros, Carolina Salazar L'Armée Queiroga de. „Reflexões sobre o punitivismo da lei "Maria da Penha" com base em pesquisa empírica numa vara de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher do Recife“. Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1134.
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Com a finalidade de criar mecanismos para coibir e prevenir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, o legislativo criou a Lei n. 11.340/2006, popularmente conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha. A legislação surgiu no cenário jurídico nacional como resposta política às fortes demandas midiáticas e populacionais, por ações mais incisivas contra a criminalidade doméstica. Pode-se afirmar, assim, que a Lei Maria da Penha está inserida no contexto do fenômeno do populismo punitivo, marcado pela frequente recorrência governamental à criação de legislações simbólicas voltadas para a máxima utilização do sistema punitivo na tentativa de solucionar mazelas sociais. Tais recorrências, entretanto, são bastante criticadas porque o sistema penal enfrenta uma crise de legitimidade epistemológica por não conseguir cumprir suas promessas de proteção de bens jurídicos e prevenção de condutas criminosas. Esta dissertação, portanto, se destinou a investigar, sob a égide dos estudos da criminologia crítica, os efeitos do incremento punitivo da Lei Maria da Penha, bem como se os propósitos declarados da legislação vêm se cumprindo, através da averiguação do funcionamento do sistema de justiça criminal quando do enfrentamento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, especialmente por meio da investigação do trato que confere às pessoas envolvidas nesse conflito, a saber, mulher (vítima) e homem (acusado). Para a concretização desse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica em uma Vara de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher do Recife - VVDFMR, na qual se utilizaram, enquanto métodos complementares, a observação etnográfica e a pesquisa documental. A coleta de dados se deu ao longo do ano de 2014 e envolveu a imersão da pesquisadora no cotidiano da VVDFMR, especialmente nas audiências nela realizadas, bem como a análise de processos criminais sentenciados ao longo de um ano na Vara. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para o fato de que os homens e mulheres envolvidos nos conflitos doméstico e familiar que chegam à VVDFMR são predominantemente pardos e pertencem a classes sociais menos abastadas. Ademais, as taxas de encarceramento de agressores aumentou consideravelmente, apesar de as condenações devidas à prática de infrações penais de menor potencial ofensivo. Outrossim, como se trata de uma relação familiar em que homem e mulher partilham sentimentos de afeto, as mulheres normalmente não desejam a intervenção penal em seus conflitos. Ademais, Estado penal rouba o conflito dessas mulheres, de modo que são instrumentalizadas em função da prioridade da persecução penal dos seus agressores e, assim, os seus anseios são olvidados e as suas falas silenciadas. Logo, o sistema penal no âmbito da violência doméstica de gênero, atua na sua forma mais tradicional: selecionando a sua clientela e reproduzindo violência e dor. Como regra, pois, o discurso penal é inapropriado para o enfrentamento problemas domésticos e familiares, porque ignora as origens do conflito, penaliza, com suposto discurso de proteção, as mulheres vítimas e, simbólica e seletivamente, vai atrás de um culpado impondo-lhe uma pena.The Law no. 11.340/2006, usually known as Maria da Penhas Law, was enforced in Brazil in response to public and media demands for severe criminal answers towards domestic violence against women, in order to restrain and prevent such violence. Therefore, its positive to state that Maria da Penha Law is inserted in the context of the penal populism phenomenon, characterized by usual governmental devices on creating symbolical laws focused on the optimum utilization of the punitive system in attempt to solve social problems. These recurrences, however, are fairly criticized because the criminal justice is facing an epistemological legitimacy crisis for failing to fulfill its promises of protecting legal goods and preventing criminal behavior. So, this essay was developed, based on critical criminology findings, in order to evaluate the repercussions of Maria da Penha Law punitiveness, as well as to ascertain whether its purposes are being accomplished. Also, the investigation was focused on the effects of criminal justices intervention on women (victims) and men (offenders). To assess whether the Laws purposes are being met, as well as to explore its punitive effects, an empirical study was carried out in a domestic violence against womens Court in Recife (Northeast Brazil). Data collection was through participant and non-participant observation (ethnography) of trial hearings, as well as through the documentary analysis of sentenced criminal cases. It was found that both victims and offenders are most often black and belong to the lower classes. Moreover, our data suggests that offender imprisonment has increased, inasmuch as all cases involved petty misdemeanor and offenders were invariably sentenced to prison. Also, because domestic conflicts tend to involve family/affectional bonds, and women are usually keen to drop the case but are prevented by law from doing so, they end up revictimized in the criminal justice system. Moreover, conflicts property stealth by the penal system in order to guarantee penal prosecution ends up ignoring womans wishes and silencing them. Therefore, towards domestic violence against women, penal system works perfectly in its most traditional ways: selects its clients and reproduces violence and pain. Thus, it was verified that, in general, criminal discourse is inappropriate to address domestic and familiar conflicts, since it ignores the conflicts origin, penalizes women victims and, symbolically and selectively, goes after a guilty party to impose a penalty.
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Wong, May-tak Glady, und 王美德. „Environmental regulation and crime: the case of pollution in Hong Kong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977820.
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Medeiros, Carolina Salazar L'armée Queiroga de. „Reflexões sobre o punitivismo da lei "Maria da Penha" com base em pesquisa empírica numa vara de violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher do Recife“. Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/553.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-16The Law no. 11.340/2006, usually known as Maria da Penha s Law, was enforced in Brazil in response to public and media demands for severe criminal answers towards domestic violence against women, in order to restrain and prevent such violence. Therefore, it s positive to state that Maria da Penha Law is inserted in the context of the penal populism phenomenon, characterized by usual governmental devices on creating symbolical laws focused on the optimum utilization of the punitive system in attempt to solve social problems. These recurrences, however, are fairly criticized because the criminal justice is facing an epistemological legitimacy crisis for failing to fulfill its promises of protecting legal goods and preventing criminal behavior. So, this essay was developed, based on critical criminology findings, in order to evaluate the repercussions of Maria da Penha Law punitiveness, as well as to ascertain whether its purposes are being accomplished. Also, the investigation was focused on the effects of criminal justice s intervention on women (victims) and men (offenders). To assess whether the Law s purposes are being met, as well as to explore its punitive effects, an empirical study was carried out in a domestic violence against women s Court in Recife (Northeast Brazil). Data collection was through participant and non-participant observation (ethnography) of trial hearings, as well as through the documentary analysis of sentenced criminal cases. It was found that both victims and offenders are most often black and belong to the lower classes. Moreover, our data suggests that offender imprisonment has increased, inasmuch as all cases involved petty misdemeanor and offenders were invariably sentenced to prison. Also, because domestic conflicts tend to involve family/affectional bonds, and women are usually keen to drop the case but are prevented by law from doing so, they end up revictimized in the criminal justice system. Moreover, conflict s property stealth by the penal system in order to guarantee penal prosecution ends up ignoring woman s wishes and silencing them. Therefore, towards domestic violence against women, penal system works perfectly in its most traditional ways: selects its clients and reproduces violence and pain. Thus, it was verified that, in general, criminal discourse is inappropriate to address domestic and familiar conflicts, since it ignores the conflict s origin, penalizes women victims and, symbolically and selectively, goes after a guilty party to impose a penalty.
Com a finalidade de criar mecanismos para coibir e prevenir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, o legislativo criou a Lei n.º 11.340/2006, popularmente conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha . A legislação surgiu no cenário jurídico nacional como resposta política às fortes demandas midiáticas e populacionais, por ações mais incisivas contra a criminalidade doméstica. Pode-se afirmar, assim, que a Lei Maria da Penha está inserida no contexto do fenômeno do populismo punitivo , marcado pela frequente recorrência governamental à criação de legislações simbólicas voltadas para a máxima utilização do sistema punitivo na tentativa de solucionar mazelas sociais. Tais recorrências, entretanto, são bastante criticadas porque o sistema penal enfrenta uma crise de legitimidade epistemológica por não conseguir cumprir suas promessas de proteção de bens jurídicos e prevenção de condutas criminosas. Esta dissertação, portanto, se destinou a investigar, sob a égide dos estudos da criminologia crítica, os efeitos do incremento punitivo da Lei Maria da Penha , bem como se os propósitos declarados da legislação vêm se cumprindo, através da averiguação do funcionamento do sistema de justiça criminal quando do enfrentamento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, especialmente por meio da investigação do trato que confere às pessoas envolvidas nesse conflito, a saber, mulher (vítima) e homem (acusado). Para a concretização desse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica em uma Vara de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher do Recife - VVDFMR, na qual se utilizaram, enquanto métodos complementares, a observação etnográfica e a pesquisa documental. A coleta de dados se deu ao longo do ano de 2014 e envolveu a imersão da pesquisadora no cotidiano da VVDFMR, especialmente nas audiências nela realizadas, bem como a análise de processos criminais sentenciados ao longo de um ano na Vara. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para o fato de que os homens e mulheres envolvidos nos conflitos doméstico e familiar que chegam à VVDFMR são predominantemente pardos e pertencem a classes sociais menos abastadas. Ademais, as taxas de encarceramento de agressores aumentou consideravelmente, apesar de as condenações devidas à prática de infrações penais de menor potencial ofensivo. Outrossim, como se trata de uma relação familiar em que homem e mulher partilham sentimentos de afeto, as mulheres normalmente não desejam a intervenção penal em seus conflitos. Ademais, Estado penal rouba o conflito dessas mulheres, de modo que são instrumentalizadas em função da prioridade da persecução penal dos seus agressores e, assim, os seus anseios são olvidados e as suas falas silenciadas. Logo, o sistema penal no âmbito da violência doméstica de gênero, atua na sua forma mais tradicional: selecionando a sua clientela e reproduzindo violência e dor. Como regra, pois, o discurso penal é inapropriado para o enfrentamento problemas domésticos e familiares, porque ignora as origens do conflito, penaliza, com suposto discurso de proteção, as mulheres vítimas e, simbólica e seletivamente, vai atrás de um culpado impondo-lhe uma pena.
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Ricardo, Filipe Rocha. „O direito de intervenção como alternativa ao direito penal ambiental“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3782.
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Tendo em vista a utilização do direito penal como instrumento de proteção ambiental, a partir do referencial teórico da dogmática penal e da sociologia do risco, neste estudo objetiva-se analisar a possibilidade de criação do direito de intervenção, proposta de Winfried Hassemer, como alternativa ao direito penal ambiental. Parte-se da análise das teorias do bem jurídico penal, reconhecendo o direito penal como instrumento de moldura clássica, que deve respeitar as garantias individuais e atuar de forma subsidiária. Entretanto, o modelo penal ambiental se apresenta com uma moldura moderna evadindo-se da tradição penal. Feito isso, desenvolve-se o estudo da teoria da sociedade de risco, com o reconhecimento de que na esfera penal ambiental há um contexto de irresponsabilidade organizada, em consequência do direito penal simbólico. Em razão disso, foram estudados os elementos que indicam a falta de efetividade da lei 9605/98, e a sua utilização simbólica. Com esse objetivo foram examinadas as apelações em crimes ambientais julgadas pelo TJRS no ano de 2016, que apontam para um baixo resultado prático com quase 70% de absolvições e prescrições. Nesse sentido, se reconhece que o direito penal ambiental tem sido contraproducente à efetiva tutela do meio ambiente, sendo necessário a utilização de meios alternativos. Foram estudadas duas opções, o direito penal de segunda velocidade e o direito de intervenção. Entre os dois modelos, o direito de intervenção foi considerado mais adequado por estar fora da esfera penal, o que evita sua utilização simbólica e o aumento da expansão criminal. Entretanto, para a sua implementação dentro sistema brasileiro, seria necessária a criação de um novo ramo jurídico, por isso, cogitou-se a sistematização do direito de intervenção, a partir da aproximação com a esfera administrativa sancionadora. O método de abordagem utilizado é o analítico, tendo como procedimento metodológico a análise bibliográfica e documental. Com os resultados obtidos é possível reconhecer que o direito administrativo sancionador reestruturado a partir do direito de intervenção idealizado por Hassemer, pode ser um instrumento alternativo a tutela penal, que apresenta vantagens, pois sua atuação antecipada é legítima, não está atrelando as garantias penais, e possui penas graves, em especial na responsabilização da pessoa jurídica. Não obstante, a utilização de outro instrumento pode afastar as sequelas da irresponsabilidade organizada que um direito penal simbólico apresenta, abrindo espaço para a discussão de políticas públicas mais eficientes na proteção ambiental.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES
In order to use the criminal law as an instrument of environmental protection, based on the theoretical framework of penal dogma and the sociology of risk, this study aims to analyze the possibility of creating the right of intervention, proposed by Winfried Hassemer, as an alternative environmental criminal law. It begins with the analysis of theories of the criminal legal interest, recognizing criminal law as a classical framework, which must respect individual guarantees and act in a subsidiary manner. However, the environmental criminal model presents itself with a modern framework evading criminal tradition. Once this is done, the study of the theory of risk society is developed, with the recognition that in the environmental criminal sphere there is a context of organized irresponsibility, as a consequence of symbolic criminal law. As a result, the elements that indicate the ineffectiveness of Law 9605/98 and its symbolic use have been studied. With this objective, the appeals for environmental crimes judged by the TJRS in 2016 were examined, which point to a low practical result with almost 70% of acquittals and prescriptions. In this sense, it is recognized that environmental criminal law has been counterproductive to the effective protection of the environment, and it is necessary to use alternative means. Two options have been studied: second speed criminal law and the right to intervene. Between the two models, the right to intervene was considered more appropriate because it was outside the criminal sphere, which avoids its symbolic use and increased criminal expansion. However, for its implementation within the Brazilian system, it would be necessary to create a new legal branch, so we considered the systematization of the right of intervention, from the approximation with the sanctioning administrative sphere. The method used is the analytical one, having as methodological procedure the bibliographical and documentary analysis. With the results obtained it is possible to recognize that the sanctioning administrative law restructured from the right of intervention devised by Hassemer, can be an alternative instrument to criminal tutelage, which presents advantages, since its anticipated action is legitimate, it is not binding the criminal guarantees, and has serious penalties, especially in the liability of the legal entity. Nevertheless, the use of another instrument can avoid the consequences of the organized irresponsibility that a symbolic criminal law presents, opening space for the discussion of more efficient public policies in the environmental protection.
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Pereira, Rodolfo Santos. „A Violencia letal contra crianças e adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21585.
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Rodolfo Santos Pereira.pdf: 2620162 bytes, checksum: a23388865de795b188c375b77743073d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T10:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolfo Santos Pereira.pdf: 2620162 bytes, checksum: a23388865de795b188c375b77743073d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This scientific paper is the result of a personal – that later became professional – journey that aimed at understanding the reason why teeanged boys and girls kept being murdered in poor suburban neighborhoods in the state of São Paulo. As we could not analyze the lethal violence against children and teenagers in the whole state of São Paulo, we narrowed the objective to understand the reasons why the extermination takes place in the city of São Paulo. The dissertation is organized in three chapters. Chapter 1 is aimed at analyzing historically the development of childhood and adolescence in the Brazilian prism. This chapter has shown evidence of how violations of children and adolescente’s rights along with the lack of social policies aimed at this target group can contribute to the murder of these people. There were countless forms of thoughts and interventions in regards to the social vulnerabilities related to Brazilian childhood and adolescence such as Discipline; Coercion; Baby hatching; boarding school; child's code; Universal Declaration of the Rights of Children and Adolescents; Income distribution policies; Philanthropy; Charity; FEBEN; CASA Foundation; Child and Adolescent Statute; SINASE among many others. After having analyzed the data, the second chapter aimed at checking the lethal violence against children and adolescents in the city of São Paulo. This study addressed lethal violence across all age groups and regions of the country, taking into account all existing sides of this problem. Finally, we have analyzed the data from the 2012 to 2014 PPCAAM / SP management, which showed other profiles of children and adolescents to be exterminated in São Paulo. Only this collected data could support the study, however we believe that for a further research development and depth, interviews were carried out with professionals that work in the program as well as adolescents who have already been threatened with death. The interviews have shown that, according to these teenagers, death is nothing but a detail in communities of São Paulo, especially for those involved with some illicit activity. The popularized thought that "the only good indian is a dead indian understood through a cultural prism relating to thieves in Brazil] also affects children and adolescents. Both interviewees said they felt this in their relationship with the population and the police. According to these professionals, management and fund raising issues hinder the development of the Program, and this lethal violence fiercely attacks adolescence
Este estudo científico é fruto de uma jornada pessoal e posteriormente profissional que intrinsecamente despertava compreender porque meninos e meninas adolescentes eram constantemente assassinados nos bairros e periferias do Estado de São Paulo. Como não conseguiríamos analisar a violência letal contra crianças e adolescentes no Estado inteiro, delimitamos compreender os motivos pelos quais o extermínio ocorre no município de São Paulo. A dissertação foi dividida em três capítulos. O capítulo 1º analisou historicamente o desenvolvimento da infância e adolescência no cenário brasileiro. Este trajeto fez com que tivéssemos uma ideia de como as violações dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes, e a escassez de políticas sociais destinadas ao público podem contribuir para o assassinato destes sujeitos. Foram inúmeras formas de pensamentos e intervenções quanto as vulnerabilidades sociais referentes à infância e adolescência brasileiras. Disciplina; Coerção; Roda dos Expostos; Internato; Código do Menor; Declaração Universal dos Direitos das Crianças e Adolescentes; Assistencialismo; Filantropia; Caridade; FEBEM; Fundação CASA; Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; SINASE, e tantas outras. Com todo o material pesquisado, o segundo Capítulo analisou a violência letal contra crianças e adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo. Este estudo abordou a violência letal em todas as faixas etárias e regiões do país, levando em consideração todas as facetas existentes. Por fim, analisamos os dados da gestão entre 2012 a 2014 do PPCAAM/SP, que mostrou outros perfis de crianças e adolescentes sob risco de serem exterminados em São Paulo. Estes dados por si só já enriqueceriam o estudo, porém acreditamos que para desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais de atuação no programa, e adolescentes que já estiveram ameaçados de morte. As entrevistas mostraram que segundo os adolescentes a morte chega a ser um “mero detalhe” nas comunidades de São Paulo, principalmente para aqueles envolvidos com alguma atividade ilícita. A ideia popular de que “bandido bom é Bandido morto” também atinge crianças e adolescentes. Ambos entrevistados afirmaram sentir isto na relação com a população e a polícia. Na concepção dos profissionais, questões de gestão e financiamento impedem o desenvolvimento do Programa, e a violência letal ataca ferozmente a adolescência
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Edrosa, Martine. „L’inhumanité de l’humain : psychogenèse de la violence du tueur en série“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20084.
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Comment comprendre qu’un bébé naissant doté de vitalité et de potentialités à l’humanité, devienne un jour tueur en série ? Cette thèse propose une étude de la psychogenèse de la violence du tueur en série, à travers les cinq périodes qui structurent le développement humain : archaïque, infantile, latence, adolescence, adulte. Elle s’appuie sur un cas clinique et sur du matériel expertal. Ma réflexion s’ouvre par un parallèle avec la clinique du génocide, qui conduit à définir la criminalité des tueurs en série comme un crime contre l’Humain, invitant dès lors à reconstruire les différentes étapes de la déstructuration de leur processus d’humanisation. Le contexte d’émergence de cette criminalité est situé dans la rencontre avec un environnement parental impitoyable qui a désorganisé doublement, chez le bébé, l’appropriation de l’identité humaine héritée génétiquement mais aussi la construction de l’identité subjective construite au fil de l’enfance. La criminalité du tueur en série est envisagée comme une « organisation défensive » dirigée contre une « agonie primitive » spécifique (ou « angoisse impensable ») qui a « offensé » le potentiel à l’humanité du bébé, dans la lignée des théories de D. W. Winnicott. La violence du tueur en série est étudiée grâce à une construction théorico-clinique créée sur mesure, mais elle est aussi resituée dans le cadre plus large de l’inhumanité de l’humain. Surtout, cette thèse a le souci constant de proposer une réflexion accessible au lecteur néophyte en quête de réponses (victimes, familles de victimes, professionnels de terrain peu habitués à la terminologie psychanalytique)How shall we understand that a new born baby full of life and ready to embrace humanity might become one day a serial killer ? The purpose of this thesis is to study the psychogenesis of the serial killer violence through the analysis of the five key stages which are structuring human devel-opment : archaic stage, childish stage, latency stage, teenage & adult stages. This work is based on a clinical case and experts’ documents.My work is starting with a comparison with the clinical analysis of a genocide, which is de-fining serial killers’ criminality as a crime against humankind, and therefore leading us to rebuilding the different steps of their humanity breakdown process. The context, in which this criminality is emerging, lays in the confluence with a ruthless parental environment which has disorganized both the baby’s ownership of the genetically inherited human identity and the construction of a subjective identity. The serial killer criminality is considered as a “defense organization” aimed at protecting against a specific “primitive agony” (or “unthinkable anxiety”) which has “offended” the baby’s potential to humanity – in line with D.W. Winnicott’s theories.The serial killer’s violence is studied using a custom made theoretical and clinical construction, but it is also considered in the wider scope of human inhumanity. More importantly, this thesis aims at providing analysis and understanding which are accessible to neophyte readers looking for answers (victims and their families, field experts not used to psychoanalytic terminology)
Bücher zum Thema "Crime against the environment - Brazil"
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere. Indigenous peoples and the natural environment of Brazil: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, May 10, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Eco-crime and justice: Essays on environmental crime. Turin, Italy: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, 2009.
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Environmental crime: A reader. Cullompton, Devon: Willan Pub., 2009.
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Sollund, Ragnhild Aslaug. Global harms: Ecological crime and speciesism. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Oklahoma. Department of Environmental Quality. Oklahoma environmental crime statutes, 2006. Oklahoma City, Okla.]: Printed and issued by the Dept. of Environmental Quality, 2006.
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Environmental crime: Evidence gathering and investigative techniques. Springfield, Ill: C.C. Thomas, 1998.
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Transnational environmental crime: Toward an eco-global criminology. London: Routledge, 2011.
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James, Marianne Pinkerton. A Safe and secure environment for older Australians. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2003.
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Gordon, Corey L. The expanding role of crime prevention through environmental design in premises liability. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1996.
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Environmental crime. 2. Aufl. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2011.
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Pohlmann, Markus, und Elizangela Valarini. „The Fight Against Corruption in Brazil: A Case of Good Governance?“ In Knowledge for Governance, 225–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47150-7_10.
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AbstractThe “Operation Carwash” is so far the biggest corruption scandal in Brazilian history. It did spoil a major part of the political system, and some of the established governance practices in Brazil. In this article, we are taking a closer look into the big corruption case, analyzing the unlawful practices of the Brazilian construction companies, and their relationship with the public sector more thoroughly. By carrying out content analyses of court files, we reveal the systemic corrupt pattern behind by connecting the level of regulations with the level of organizational crime. Furthermore, we ask, if the recent changes in law enforcement are accompanied by a changing environment of good governance? Our answer presented in the second part of the article is no. The political reactions to the “operation carwash” revealed in fact, how many of the “old-school” governance practices survived in Brazil.
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Rebovich, Donald J., und George E. Curtis. „Environmental Crime Around the World“. In Crimes Against the Environment, 101–14. New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315380179-9.
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Rebovich, Donald J., und George E. Curtis. „The Legal Environment of Environmental Crime“. In Crimes Against the Environment, 32–43. New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315380179-4.
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Rebovich, Donald J., und George E. Curtis. „Who Protects Us from Environmental Crime and How Effective Are They?“ In Crimes Against the Environment, 81–88. New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315380179-7.
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Nakashima, Kazuo, Norihito Kanamori, Yukari Nagatoshi, Yasunari Fujita, Hironori Takasaki, Kaoru Urano, Junro Mogami et al. „Application of Biotechnology to Generate Drought-Tolerant Soybean Plants in Brazil: Development of Genetic Engineering Technology of Crops with Stress Tolerance Against Degradation of Global Environment“. In Crop Production under Stressful Conditions, 111–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7308-3_7.
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„Crimes against the Environment“. In Transnational Crime and Criminal Justice, 153–67. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529714432.n8.
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Zilinskas, Raymond A. „Preventing State Crimes Against the Environment during Military Operations: The 1977 Environmental Modification Treaty*“. In Controlling State Crime, 235–81. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315080376-9.
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Silva, Rafael Velasquez Saavedra, und Matheus Felipe Saavedra da Silva. „Analytical Technology Tools Against Corruption and Internal Frauds“. In Digital Transformation and Challenges to Data Security and Privacy, 269–88. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4201-9.ch016.
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In Brazil, organized crime, unfortunately, finds a fertile field that allows its growth and development due to several different aspects. Also, the vast and continental dimension of the Brazilian territory, the evident social inequality, and in many cases, the lack of synergy and collaboration among municipal, provincial, and federal levels are problems. It is important to mention that, in recent times, via its main institutions—executive, legislative, and judiciary—Brazil has been organizing itself and trying to tackle corruption on different fronts, with the use of advanced technology, new procedures of criminal investigation, an increased collaboration between different players and internal cooperation, the celerity in the process of penal persecution, and the revision of laws related to the theme. This chapter aims at displaying technological innovations that have helped law enforcement to act with rigor, speed, and assertiveness in the production of evidence from digital evidence, while respecting the Brazilian Constitution, individual rights, and guarantees of every citizen.
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Strange, Carolyn. „The Crime Wave and the War against Discretionary Justice in the 1920s“. In Discretionary Justice. NYU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479899920.003.0008.
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The welcoming environment that New York had provided for Progressive penology turned hostile in the 1920s, when fear of a crime wave led to an all-out attack on discretionary justice. Scathing accounts of the governor’s pardon power and the Parole Board’s release of prisoners serving indeterminate sentences appeared in the press, and in 1926 draconian mandatory sentencing statutes, known as the Baumes laws, clipped the board’s capacity to parole repeat offenders, yet nothing short of constitutional change could remove the chief executive’s powers. This chapter traces how a spate of prison riots in 1929 helped prompt a compromise between the Republican legislature and Democratic governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. This resulted in a revamped board geared to operate with business efficiency. Thus, a measure of sentencing discretion was restored, while the governor retained sole authority to reprieve and commute death sentences.
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Brunt, Paul. „Vulnerable Victims“. In Tourism and Crime. Goodfellow Publishers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-906884-14-7-1284.
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Being safe on holiday is an expected requirement. Places that develop an unsafe reputation can be substituted by alternative destinations that are perceived as safer for tourists. Beyond the obviously unsafe places in the world, where governments advise against travel, individuals must make up their own minds about where to go on holiday. One of the distinctive features of the tourism industry is that we cannot ‘test-drive’ a holiday beforehand. Judgements about where to travel are often made on the basis of imperfect knowledge and generalisation, and tourists learn about destinations from brochures, adverts and the media (Smith, 1989; Brunt, 1997). We typically think about what the destination has to offer in terms of accommodation, its environment and things to do (Crompton, 1979; Krippendorf, 1987) and many of us do not consider the issue of crime when we are planning the next holiday (Brunt et al., 2000). Are we more at risk of crime as tourists than in our everyday lives? Most of us would probably prefer not to think about this, and certainly the tourism industry does not want us to think such things in case we decide to stay at home. Whilst it is true that only a minority of tourists suffer criminal victimisation while on holiday, it is important to explore variations in the crime experiences of different tourist types. Crime patterns vary according to factors such as the nature of tourism, its scale, the type of development, the season, as well as variations relating to the tourists themselves and issues associated with their behaviour. This latter issue is the focus of this chapter – what categories of tourist are particularly vulnerable to criminal victimisation?
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Crime against the environment - Brazil"
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Nangia, Charu, D. P. Singh und Sabir Ali. „Built Environment and Crime Against Women: An Overview“. In 2019 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence.2019.8776623.
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Das, Priyanka, und Asit Kumar Das. „Crime analysis against women from online newspaper reports and an approach to apply it in dynamic environment“. In 2017 International Conference on Big Data Analytics and Computational Intelligence (ICBDAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbdaci.2017.8070855.
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Özenbaş, Nazmiye. „Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law and Crimes of Pollution“. In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00772.
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Environmental problems due to economic growth and development policies in the last century ignorant to humanitarian values has become a risky issue for the future of humanity. Since 70's it become a debatable problem in the international arena and due to the search of solutions for the environmental problems, right to environment has stated as a part of fundamental human rights and protected with law. Recently with the emphasis to the preventive functions of criminal law actions against the right of living in a healthy and balanced environment has started to be described as crime and are becoming subject to penalty in the criminal codes. With this study we will analyze crimes of polluting the environment.
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Felcan, Miroslav. „Historical Cross-Section of Arson“. In Safe and Secure Society. The College of European and Regional Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/ssc_2020/1.
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This work was supported by the Agency for Research and Development under the contract no. APVV-17-0217.Every year fires cause big damage to society, property, environment, buildings and infrastructure and pose a threat to life and health of persons in endangered areas. In most cases arson serves as insurance fraud or cover up any crime (e.g. robbery, embezzlement). However, there may be other reasons, e.g. in the case of the Commission of the European Union, the use of the product in envy, hatred, threats, blackmail, competitive struggle. Or social, political, or ethnic differences. In several cases, arson was used as a so-called 'arson attack'. The false flag, that is, the arsonist used the fire to accuse his enemy and took advantage of the wave of recourse that subsequently was raised against him. The circumstances of the cause and the fire are under investigation. After extinguishing a fire, it is standard procedure to seek and then either confirm, refute or further examine the possibility of intentional formation. In most countries of the world, arson is treated as a crime and seen as harming a stranger or a threat to life.
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Alonso, Julio. „Well Succeeded Application of Acoustic Technology for Pipelines (Single Phase and Multi Phases) Leak Detection in More Than 40 Pipelines in Brazil“. In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0162.
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In 2001 was installed the first ALDS-Acoustic Leak Detection System in Brazil, in a multiphase (slug) production pipeline (crude oil + gas + water) in the middle the rain forest. This Leak Detection System was approved and gained confidence from the pipeline community in this country. After this, many other Acoustic Systems were installed in other multiphase pipelines, single phase as crude oil and natural gas and Naphtha, in buried and submarine pipelines. The confidence against false alarms made many pipelines operators to request the Acoustic Technology for their pipelines protection. Also, the ALDS has high sensitivity, detecting small holes. Very important consideration also deserves the leak detection speed; due the acoustic technology, the ALDS alarms the leak in seconds! This action made possible to shutdown pumps avoiding big disasters. The ALDS is also able to locate the leak, with precision of meters, even in buried or submarine pipelines. Brazil has one of the strongest laws to protect the environment (9605, from February 13th, 1998) in the word and requires leak detection system to protect any pipeline before the government approval. The ALDS is being systematically required as the most effective leak detection system.
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Paulo, Avner, Carlos Eduardo Oliveira De Souza, Bruna Guimarães Lima e Silva, Flávio Luiz Schiavoni und Adilson Siqueira. „Black Lives Matter“. In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Musical. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2019.10459.
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The Brazilian police killed 16 people per day in 2017 and 3/4 of the victims were black people. Recently, a Brazilian called Evaldo Rosa dos Santos, father, worker, musician, and black, was killed in Rio de Janeiro with 80 rifle bullets shot by the police. Everyday, the statistics and the news show that the police uses more force when dealing with black people and it seems obvious that, in Brazil, the state bullet uses to find a black skin to rest. Unfortunately, the brutal force and violence by the state and the police to black people is not a problem only in this country. It is a global reality that led to the creation of an international movement called Black Lives Matter (BLM), a movement against all types of racism towards the black people specially by the police and the state. The BLM movement also aims to connect black people of the entire world against the violence and for justice. In our work, we try to establish a link between the reality of black people in Brazil with the culture of black people around the world, connecting people and artists to perform a tribute to the black lives harved by the state force. For this, the piece uses web content, news, pictures, YouTube’s videos, and more, to create a collage of visual and musical environment merged with expressive movements of a dance, combining technology and gestures. Black culture beyond violence because we believe that black lives matter. such as the Ku Klux Klan, which bring the black population of the world into concern for possible setbacks in their rights. In Brazil, it is not different. Brazil is the non African country with the biggest afro descendant population in the world and one of the last country in the world to abolish slavery. Nowadays, a black person is 3 times more propense to be killed and most part of the murders in the country happened to afro Brazilians. Marielle Franco, a black city councillor from Rio, the only black female representative and one of seven women on the 51-seat council was killed in 2018. The killers were two former policeman. According to Human Rights Watch, the police force in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, killed more than 8,000 people between 2005 and 2015, 3/4 of them were black men. At the same time, the African culture strongly influenced the Brazilian culture and most part of the traditional Brazilian music and rhythms can be considered black music.
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Dumitran, Cristina. „Detainees’ Employment - Between a Business Opportunity and the Social Benefit of Reducing Recidivism“. In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/18.
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The paper addresses one of the causes of criminality in Romania: poverty as result of the lack of qualification and formal jobs, particularly in the case of those committing crimes against property. Although there are policies aimed to reduce the causes that generate crime and recidivism, their effectiveness has not been evaluated so far, the only indicator being the statistical one. Contrary to expectations, statistically, the recidivism rate in Romania is increasing. In this context, there is the opportunity to initiate partnerships between the business environment and the penitentiary system to increasing turnover. In addition, it can also address social issues such as qualification of detainees during detention, reducing anger and aggression by engaging in productive and structured activities, increasing the post-release chances of employment, education through and for work, increasing one's own income for prisons and reducing the risk of recidivism after release. The article presents the multidimensional opportunities of a public-private partnership, with an accent on the economic and social impact for the entrepreneur - penitentiary (as a state institution) - detainee - society.
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Chase, Jonathan, Duc Thien Nguyen, Haiyang Sun und Hoong Chuin Lau. „Improving Law Enforcement Daily Deployment Through Machine Learning-Informed Optimization under Uncertainty“. In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/806.
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Urban law enforcement agencies are under great pressure to respond to emergency incidents effectively while operating within restricted budgets. Minutes saved on emergency response times can save lives and catch criminals, and a responsive police force can deter crime and bring peace of mind to citizens. To efficiently minimize the response times of a law enforcement agency operating in a dense urban environment with limited manpower, we consider in this paper the problem of optimizing the spatial and temporal deployment of law enforcement agents to predefined patrol regions in a real-world scenario informed by machine learning. To this end, we develop a mixed integer linear optimization formulation (MIP) to minimize the risk of failing response time targets. Given the stochasticity of the environment in terms of incident numbers, location, timing, and duration, we use Sample Average Approximation (SAA) to find a robust deployment plan. To overcome the sparsity of real data, samples are provided by an incident generator that learns the spatio-temporal distribution and demand parameters of incidents from a real world historical dataset and generates sets of training incidents accordingly. To improve runtime performance across multiple samples, we implement a heuristic based on Iterated Local Search (ILS), as the solution is intended to create deployment plans quickly on a daily basis. Experimental results demonstrate that ILS performs well against the integer model while offering substantial gains in execution time.
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Costovici (Mema), Denisa-Atena. „Ethics in Cyberspace – Dangers and Threats“. In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/6.
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Rapid technology development and easy access to virtual space was directly proportional to the proliferation of multiple categories of network users and consumers. This contemporary reality has contributed to the emergence of the illusion of unrestricted accessibility of the online environment and the permissiveness of expression “no matter what”. The cyberspace draws a thin line between freedom of expression and violation of behavioural norms toward others. In order to mitigate the behaviours that transcend ethical boundaries, a series of basic conditions of use and restrictions have been legislated (mainly crimes related to threats and illegal content shared in the virtual world) which do not include all the situations encountered in practice. Given the cyberspace dimension, prevalent in most civilized areas of the planet, as a means and method of intercultural communication, ethical standards should be standardized and applied uniformly. This research paper is an attempt to objectively address the issues of standards and ethical values on the Web, with reference to cyber terrorism, groups of organized crime, hacktivism and states’ implication and responsibility. The main hypothesis of the research emphasizes that the information society requires the creation and enforcement of new laws, because it coexists in a completely new environment - the Network. Referring to the Network links, it is a fact that it cannot be kept safer against unauthorized access, without the application of adequate security measures and techniques. This research paper aims to shed the light on the dangers and threats that challenges the information society thought cyberspace.
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Kupitz, Juergen. „The IAEA’s International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO)“. In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22498.
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This paper presents the IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO). It defines its rationale, key objectives and specifies the organizational structure. The IAEA General Conference (2000) has invited “all interested Member States to combine their efforts under the aegis of the Agency in considering the issues of the nuclear fuel cycle, in particular by examining innovative and proliferation-resistant nuclear technology” (GC(44)/RES/21) and invited Member States to consider to contribute to a task force on innovative nuclear reactors and fuel cycle (GC(44)/RES/22). In response to this invitation, the IAEA initiated an “International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles”, INPRO. The Terms of Reference for INPRO were adopted at a preparatory meeting in November 2000, and the project was finally launched by the INPRO Steering Committee in May 2001. At the General Conference in 2001, first progress was reported, and the General Conference adopted a resolution on “Agency Activities in the Development of Innovative Nuclear Technology” [GC(45)/RES/12, Tab F], giving INPRO a broad basis of support. The resolution recognized the “unique role that the Agency can play in international collaboration in the nuclear field”. It invited both “interested Member States to contribute to innovative nuclear technology activities” at the Agency as well as the Agency itself “to continue it’s efforts in these areas”. Additional endorsement came in a UN General Assembly resolution in December 2001 (UN GA 2001, A/RES/56/94), that again emphasized “the unique role that the Agency can play in developing user requirements and in addressing safeguards, safety and environmental questions for innovative reactors and their fuel cycles” and stressed “the need for international collaboration in the development of innovative nuclear technology”. As of February 2002, the following countries or entities have become members of INPRO: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, India, Russian Federation, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey and the European Commission. In total, 15 cost-free experts have been nominated by their respective governments or international organizations. The objective of INPRO is to support the safe, sustainable, economic and proliferation resistant use of nuclear technology to meet the global energy needs of the 21st century. Phase I of INPRO was initiated in May 2001. During Phase I, work is subdivided in two subphases: Phase IA (in progress): Selection of criteria and development of methodologies and guidelines for the comparison of different concepts and approaches, taking into account the compilation and review of such concepts and approaches, and determination of user requirements. Phase IB (to be started after Phase IA is completed): Examination of innovative nuclear energy technologies made available by Member States against criteria and requirements. This examination will be co-ordinated by the Agency and performed with participatio of Member States on the basis of the user requirements and methodologies established in Phase IA. In the first phase, six subject groups were established: Resources, Demand and User requirements for Economics; User requirements for the Environment, Fuel cycle and Waste; User requirements for Safety; User requirements for Non-proliferation; User requirements for crosscutting issues; Criteria and Methodology.