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Thematische Bibliographien / Cristobalit / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Cristobalit“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 16. Februar 2022

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1

Mattenklott, Markus, and Sandra Boos. "Bewertung amorpher Kieselsäuren an Arbeitsplätzen – Vergleich der Analysenverfahren in Deutschland und den USA/Evaluation of amorphous silicas at workplaces – comparison of the analysis methods in Germany and the USA." Gefahrstoffe 81, no. 03-04 (2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0949-8036-2021-03-04-35.

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Unter dem Begriff amorphe Kieselsäuren wird eine Vielzahl von Stoffen zusammengefasst, die im Wesentlichen aus SiO2 mit unterschiedlichen Anteilen an H2O und in der Regel nur sehr geringen Anteilen anderer Elemente bestehen. Zu diesen gehören z. B. kolloidale Kieselsäuren (pyrogene, Gel- und Fällungskieselsäuren), Kieselglas, Kieselgut, gebrannte und ungebrannte Kieselguren und Kieselrauch. Abhängig von der gesundheitlichen Gefährdung werden Kieselglas, Kieselgut, Kieselrauch und gebrannte Kieselguren mit dem Grenzwert von 0,3 mg/m3 in der alveolengängigen Staubfraktion (A-Staub) und alle übri

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Stößer, Reinhard, Marianne Nofz, and Gerhard Ladwig. "Fe3+- und Al-O-_Al-Spezies in AIPO4 mit Cristobalit-und Tridymitstruktur." Zeitschrift für Chemie 29, no. 2 (2010): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19890290224.

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3

Rafnsson, Vilhjálmur, and H. Gunnarsdóttir. "Lung cancer incidence among an Icelandic cohort exposed to diatomaceous earth and cristobalit." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 23, no. 3 (1997): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.197.

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4

Vasková, I., M. Hrubovčáková, and M. Conev. "Influence of additives in core-forming mixture." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (2017): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0050.

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Abstract In recent years, ingredients, also known as additives, which appreciably affect the quality of the casting surface, come to the fore. Additives - lower the temperature at which SiO2 (major component of silica sand) begins to soften and create a melt on the surface of the grains, increase the reactivity and decrease the temperature of a transition to tridimite and cristobalit. These passages support the increase of volume of subsurface sand stress and the tension for the formation of burrs and other casting defects on the surface of the core or the mold. Nowadays, as a great emphasis i

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Butler, M. A., and D. J. Dyson. "The Quantification of Different Forms of Cristobalite in Devitrified Alumino-Silicate Ceramic Fibres." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 4 (1997): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889897001672.

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When heat treated, amorphous alumino-silicate fibres will devitrify into crystalline phases which on cooling become stable at room temperature. X-ray diffraction has been used to identify and quantify the phases present in such products; mullite and two distinct forms of cristobalite have been observed. One form of cristobalite has been identified as α-cristobalite, the second form has been designated as α′-cristobalite. An internal standard approach was used to enable calibration curves to be obtained for the three crystallite phases, including the α′- cristobalite for which no commercially a

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Dollase, W. A. "X-ray powder diffraction study of K2MSiO4, M=Mg, Zn, Co, Cd." Powder Diffraction 11, no. 1 (1996): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600008927.

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The title materials are stuffed cristobalites possessing moderate to extreme pseudosymmetry. On the bases of their X-ray powder diffraction patterns, the Mg, Zn, and Cd compounds had been previously reported as cubic and, more recently, the Zn phase as orthorhombic. Newly measured X-ray powder diffraction data demonstrate that all (including the hitherto unknown Co analog) have the Pca21 structure of Na2BeSiO4 at room temperature, but with a widely variable degree of cubic pseudosymmetry. Observed X-ray diffraction data are in good agreement with those calculated by the Rietveld method using a

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Damby, David E., Edward W. Llewellin, Claire J. Horwell та ін. "The α–β phase transition in volcanic cristobalite". Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, № 4 (2014): 1205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671401070x.

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Cristobalite is a common mineral in volcanic ash produced from dome-forming eruptions. Assessment of the respiratory hazard posed by volcanic ash requires understanding the nature of the cristobalite it contains. Volcanic cristobalite contains coupled substitutions of Al3+ and Na+ for Si4+; similar co-substitutions in synthetic cristobalite are known to modify the crystal structure, affecting the stability of the α and β forms and the observed transition between them. Here, for the first time, the dynamics and energy changes associated with the α–β phase transition in volcanic cristobalite are

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Niu, Shu Xin, Ding Zhong Tang, Xiao Guang Liu, et al. "Effect of Pre-Added Cristobalite Content on the Properties of Silica-Based Ceramic Cores." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.217.

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In this study, cristobalite was used as the addition to prepare silica based ceramic cores, and then the effect of cristobalite content on the mechanical and chemical properties was investigated. The increasing of pre-added cristobalite content resulted in more crystallized cristobalite in the sintered samples and the variation of the linear shrinkage and mechanical properties. When pre-added cristobalite content was 6.0 wt%, the shrinkage of ceramic core was 0.42%, the creep at 1540°C for 30 min was 0.10 mm, and the flexural strength at room temperature and at 1550°C were 25.2 MPa and 28.7 MP

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Gai, Pratibha L., M. A. Saltzberg, L. G. Hanna, and S. C. Winchester. "Structures of chemically stabilized ceramics." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 924–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150459.

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Silica based ceramics are some of the most fundamental in crystal chemistry. The cristobalite form of silica has two modifications, α (low temperature, tetragonal form) and β (high temperature, cubic form). This paper describes our structural studies of unusual chemically stabilized cristobalite (CSC) material, a room temperature silica-based ceramic containing small amounts of dopants, prepared by a wet chemical route. It displays many of the structural charatcteristics of the high temperature β-cristobalite (∼270°C), but does not undergo phase inversion to α-cristobalite upon cooling. The St

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Zhang, Chong, Enze Liu, Zhi Zheng, et al. "Resistance to Molten Superalloy at 1550 °C for Molybdenum Metal Core with a Silica/Silicide Coating." Coatings 11, no. 3 (2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030275.

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This work designs a silica (SiO2) layer on a molybdenum metal core to provide new insights on the corrosion resistance of the silica/silicide coating in the Ni-based superalloy. The molybdenum substrate coated with MoSi2 by pack cementation was pre-oxidized to fabricate a cristobalite scale on the surface and the preoxidation specimens were chosen to examine the corrosion-resistant property by using a DSM11 superalloy at 1550 °C. In order to prepare a cristobalite layer, the microstructure evolution of a 40- µm MoSi2 coating with the different oxidation parameters (temperature and time) was in

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Jean, Jau-Ho, and Tapan K. Gupta. "Devitrification inhibitors in borosilicate glass and binary borosilicate glass composite." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 5 (1995): 1312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1312.

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Cristobalite is known to precipitate out of borosilicate glass (Corning 7740) and a binary glass mixture of borosilicate glass and high silica glass when these glasses are heated to elevated temperatures. To prevent cristobalite from forming in these glass systems, a devitrification inhibitor needs to be found. Among oxides selected for testing, both Al2O3 and Ga2O3 are found to prevent cristobalite from forming in these glass systems.

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Gratz, A. J., L. D. DeLoach, T. M. Clough, and W. J. Nellis. "Shock Amorphization of Cristobalite." Science 259, no. 5095 (1993): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.259.5095.663.

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Shock amorphization of cristobalite is reported and related to shock metamorphism of quartz, both being silicon dioxide polymorphs. Whereas amorphization of quartz takes place over a broad pressure range and is complete only at 35 to 40 gigapascals (350 to 400 kilobars), amorphization of cristobalite was complete (greater than 99.9 percent) by 28 gigapascals with a relatively sharp phase transformation; lower shock pressures up to 23 gigapascals resulted in no significant amorphization. Also, unlike quartz, there was no sign of lamellar amorphization, which is common in shock compression. Cris

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Ahmad, N., C. M. M. Nex, and W. A. Phillips. "Lattice dynamics of cristobalite." Philosophical Magazine B 57, no. 5 (1988): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642818808211238.

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14

Thompson, John G., Ray L. Withers, Stephen R. Palethorpe, and Alexandra Melnitchenko. "Cristobalite-Related Oxide Structures." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 141, no. 1 (1998): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1998.7903.

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Gupta, Tapan K., and Jau-Ho Jean. "Origin of cristobalite formation during sintering of a binary mixture of borosilicate glass and high silica glass." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 4 (1994): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0999.

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It was shown previously1 that cristobalite precipitates out of a mixture of borosilicate glass (BSG) and high silica glass (HSG) when sintered at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1200 °C. In this paper, both direct and indirect evidences are presented to conclude that the formation of cristobalite originates in HSG. It is proposed that the cristobalite is formed as a result of dissolution of HSG in BSG and precipitation at heterogeneously nucleated sites. The process of dissolution and precipitation continues until the whole HSG particle is consumed.

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Schipper, C. Ian, William D. A. Rickard, Steven M. Reddy, et al. "Volcanic SiO2-cristobalite: A natural product of chemical vapor deposition." American Mineralogist 105, no. 4 (2020): 510–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7236.

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Abstract Cristobalite is a low-pressure, high-temperature SiO2 polymorph that occurs as a metastable phase in many geologic settings, including as crystals deposited from vapor within the pores of volcanic rocks. Such vapor-phase cristobalite (VPC) has been inferred to result from silica redistribution by acidic volcanic gases but a precise mechanism for its formation has not been established. We address this by investigating the composition and structure of VPC deposited on plagioclase substrates within a rhyolite lava flow, at the micrometer to nanometer scale. The VPC contains impurities of

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Zhao, Shanrong, Mingling Yang, Haijun Xu та Suxin Zhang. "Branching and twinning in α-cristobalite dendrites: an electron backscatter diffraction study". Journal of Applied Crystallography 41, № 4 (2008): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188980801635x.

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In this paper, the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique is used to determine the orientations of α-cristobalite dendrites. The two branches of the cross-shaped α-cristobalite dendrite extend along the crystallographic directions [100] and [010], but no branches develop along 〈001〉. A new kind of twinning relationship is found between two α-cristobalite dendrites. The twin axes are [110], [111] and [\bar 1\bar 11], and the twin planes are (111) and (\bar 1\bar 11). It is shown that crystallographic symmetry controls the dendrite morphology and dendrite aggregation.

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Chen, Nan Chun, Wen Hui Wu, Zhao Li та Ai Ping Deng. "XRD and Morphologic Analysis of α-Cristobalite Produced from Silica Mine Waste under Lower Calcination Temperature". Materials Science Forum 686 (червень 2011): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.692.

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This paper describes a new method developed to produce α-cristobalite from silica mine waste under lower-than-usual temperature, and presents XRD (X-ray diffraction) and morphologic analysis of the produced α-cristobalite. In the method, silica mine waste with average grain volume of 87.3 µm is firstly refined and processed to have a whiteness of 83.5 and a chemical composition of SiO2 of 99.87%, Al2O3 of 0.15%, and Fe2O3 of 0.015% (by weight), before calcinating the processed samples. The experiment results demonstrate that, under oxidizing condition, addition of mineralizer and occurrence of

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Withers, R. L., J. G. Thompson та T. R. Welberry. "The structure and microstructure of α-cristobalite and its relationship to β-cristobalite". Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16, № 6 (1989): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00202206.

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Folstad, Marit Buhaug, Eli Ringdalen, Halvard Tveit, and Merete Tangstad. "Effect of Different SiO2 Polymorphs on the Reaction Between SiO2 and SiC in Si Production." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 2 (2021): 792–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-02053-x.

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AbstractThis work investigates the phase transformations in silica (SiO2) during heating to a target temperature between 1700 °C and 1900 °C and the effect of SiO2 polymorphs on the reduction reaction 2SiO2 + SiC = 3SiO + CO in silicon production. Different heating rates up to target temperature have been used to achieve the different compositions of quartz, amorphous silica and cristobalite. The different heating rates had a minor effect on the final composition, and longer time at temperatures > 1400 °C were necessary to achieve greater variations in the final composition. Heating above t

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Barrett, Edward G., Carl Johnston, Günter Oberdörster та Jacob N. Finkelstein. "Silica-induced chemokine expression in alveolar type II cells is mediated by TNF-α". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 275, № 6 (1998): L1110—L1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.6.l1110.

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Recent evidence has suggested that epithelial cells may contribute to the inflammatory response in the lung after exposure to crystalline silica through the production of and response to specific growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. However, the exact cellular and molecular responses of epithelial cells to silica exposure remains unclear. Using a murine alveolar type II cell line [murine lung epithelial (MLE)-15 cell line], we measured the early changes in various cytokine and chemokine mRNA species after exposure of the cells to 4–35 μg/cm2 of silica (cristobalite), interferon (IFN)-γ,

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Smith, Deane K. "Opal, cristobalite, and tridymite: Noncrystallinity versus crystallinity, nomenclature of the silica minerals and bibliography." Powder Diffraction 13, no. 1 (1998): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600009696.

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Cristobalite and tridymite are distinct forms of crystalline silica which, along with quartz, are encountered in industrial operations and industrial products. Because the International Agency for Research on Cancer has designated “crystalline silica” as an IARC Group 2A (probable carcinogen) and quartz and cristobalite as a Group 1 (carcinogen), it is important to properly identify and quantify the silica phase in all materials used in production and encountered in products. Opal is a form of hydrated silica which is also encountered in industry. Although some forms of opal mimic cristobalite

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Bérubé, K. A., T. P. Jones, D. G. Housley, and R. J. Richards. "The respiratory toxicity of airborne volcanic ash from the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat." Mineralogical Magazine 68, no. 1 (2004): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461046810170.

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AbstractThe Soufrière Hills stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat has been erupting since 18th July 1995. An enormous amount of respirable volcanic ash has been suspended into the atmosphere by the eruptions and wind re-suspension of deposited ash. The large amount of fine, airborne particulate matter, in particular the component 10 μm equivalent aerodynamic diameter (PM10), is a cause of medical concern. Airborne levels have frequently exceeded the UK environmental standard for PM10, (50 μg/m3), although it is noted that this standard was primarily set for urban PM10. The crysta

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Hillier, S., and D. G. Lumsdon. "Distinguishing opaline silica from cristobalite in bentonites: a practical procedure and perspective based on NaOH dissolution." Clay Minerals 43, no. 3 (2008): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2008.043.3.11.

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AbstractRespirable forms of crystalline silica including the mineral cristobalite are known carcinogens and the subject of increasing regulation and codes of good practice. Some bentonites may contain cristobalite, but more commonly they contain opal-CT, or opal-C, which can be confused with cristobalite. In the light of increasing regulation there is a clear need for simple and reliable methods that can distinguish cristobalite from the opals in bentonites and other clay materials. Here we propose the use of a simple NaOH method that is easily applied to bulk samples of bentonites. The method

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Hill, Tina R., Hiromi Konishi, Franklin Hobbs, Seungyeol Lee та Huifang Xu. "Precipitates of α-cristobalite and silicate glass in UHP clinopyroxene from a Bohemian Massif eclogite". American Mineralogist 104, № 10 (2019): 1402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6773.

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Abstract Low-pressure metastable nanoscale crystals of α-cristobalite have been observed epitaxially ex-solved in cores of UHP clinopyroxene from the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. SAED patterns and HRTEM images detail the close structural relationship between host clinopyroxene and α-cristobalite precipitate: [001]Di||[010]α, (010)Di ~||(101)α. TEM results indicate that α-cristobalite exsolved from host clinopyroxene. Non-crystalline Al-bearing silicate phases, also exsolved from UHP clinopyroxene, possesses Al/Si ratios close to eutectic compositions in the system NaAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O system

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Jean, Jau-Ho, and Tapan K. Gupta. "Devitrification inhibitor in binary borosilicate glass composite." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 2 (1993): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0356.

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When an appropriate mixture of a low-softening borosilicate glass (BSG) and a high-softening high silica glass (HSG) is sintered at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000 °C, a crystalline phase, identified as cristobalite by XRD, is known to precipitate out of the initial amorphous binary mixture of glasses as the sintering continues. The precipitation of cristobalite is found to originate in HSG, and is controlled by the transport of alkali ions (e.g., K+, Na+, and Li+) from BSG to HSG.1 In this paper, we report that when a small amount of alumina is present as a dopant in the above binary mi

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Jean, Jau-Ho, and Tapan K. Gupta. "Effect of gallium oxide in preventing cristobalite formation in binary borosilicate glass composite." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 9 (1993): 2393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2393.

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When an appropriate mixture of low-softening borosilicate (BSG) and high-softening high silica (HSG) glasses is sintered at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000 °C, a crystalline phase, identified as cristobalite by XRD, is known to precipitate out of the initial amorphous binary mixture of glasses as the sintering continues. The precipitation of cristobalite is found to originate in HSG and is controlled by the transport of alkali ions (e.g., K, Na, and Li) from BSG to HSG.1 In this paper we report that when a small amount of gallium oxide is present as a dopant in the above binary mixture o

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Elsass, F., D. Dubroeucq, and M. Thiry. "Diagenesis of silica minerals from clay minerals in volcanic soils of Mexico." Clay Minerals 35, no. 3 (2000): 477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985500546954.

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AbstractIndurated volcanic soils (tepetates) of the Mexican Altiplano display thick columnar horizons, hard laminar horizons, and grey mottles at depth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies show a relative enrichment in cristobalite vs. halloysite in the indurated plates of the laminar horizons and in the clay fraction of the mottles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) studies of these two soil components have shown that they are composed of small tubes of halloysite in which numerous globular grains ∼1 μm in diameter are embedded. Based on the relative abundance

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OHYAMA, Tugio, Yoshinori ITOH, Arashi KITAKAZE, Toshiro NAGASE, and Mizuhiko AKIZUKI. "Cristobalite from Taihakusan, Sendai City." JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 93, no. 9 (1998): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.93.344.

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Perrotta, Anthony J., Donald K. Grubbs, Edward S. Martin, Neal R. Dando, Herbert A. McKinstry, and Chi-Yuen Huarg. "Chemical Stabilization of beta-Cristobalite." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, no. 3 (1989): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06150.x.

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Dubrovinsky, L. S., N. A. Dubrovinskaia, S. K. Saxena, et al. "Pressure-induced transformations of cristobalite." Chemical Physics Letters 333, no. 3-4 (2001): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01147-7.

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Biasi, R. S. de, and A. Simoes. "ESR in beta -cristobalite AlPO4." Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 20, no. 33 (1987): 5573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/20/33/014.

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Saltzberg, Michael A., Susan L. Bors, Horacio Bergna, and Steven C. Winchester. "Synthesis of Chemically Stabilized Cristobalite." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 75, no. 1 (1992): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb05447.x.

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Barnes, H. L., and C. H. Gammons. "The hydrothermal kinetics of cristobalite." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (1988): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90410-x.

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Dudek, K., J. Podwórny, M. Dulski, A. Nowak, and J. Peszke. "X-ray investigations into silica/silver nanocomposite." Powder Diffraction 32, S1 (2017): S82—S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715617000185.

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X-ray diffraction data revealed that the initial SiO2/Ag nanocomposite, manufactured in a chemical synthesis process, is mainly composed of silica in amorphous phase (95.5 wt.%), crystalline Ag with a cubic structure (Fm-3m) and cristobalite (SiO2) with a tetragonal structure (P41212) in the amount of 4.2 and 0.3 wt.%, respectively. High-temperature diffraction data revealed high stability of the SiO2/Ag composite up to 1000 °C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements revealed phase cristallization temperatures of silica at 1060 °C for cristobalite and 1080 °C for tridymite as well as

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Henderson, C. M. B., and D. Taylor. "Structural behaviour of chkalovite, Na2BeSi2O6: a member of the cristobalite family." Mineralogical Magazine 53, no. 369 (1989): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.369.14.

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The atomic structure of chkalovite, Na2BeSi2O6, has been determined and refined by Simonov et al. (1976). It is orthorhombic, space group Fdd2, with cell parameters: a = 21.129 (5), b = 6.881 (2), and c = 21.188 (5)/Å. The structure is very similar to that of alpha-cristobalite (Dollase, 1965), comprising a framework of ordered BeO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra with the sodium atoms occupying sites within the cavities of the beryllosilicate framework. Taylor (1972) developed a tilting model for the cristobalite structure assuming regular tetrahedra. In addition to the single tilt system deduced for cri

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Jean, Jau-Ho, and Yu-Ching Fang. "Devitrification kinetics and mechanism of Pyrex borosilicate glass." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 6 (2001): 1752–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0242.

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Cristobalite is formed when initially amorphous Pyrex borosilicate glass (Corning 7740) is fired at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 °C. The sigmoidal devitrification kinetics of cristobalite obeys Avrami-like three-dimensional diffusion-controlled kinetics. Activation energy analysis indicates that the diffusion of Na+ in the glass is the rate-limiting step during phase transformation. The above conclusion is further confirmed by calculated and measured results of linear growth rates.

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Jean, Jau-Ho, and Tapan K. Gupta. "Crystallization kinetics of binary borosilicate glass composite." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 11 (1992): 3103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.3103.

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Kinetics of cristobalite precipitation in a binary glass composite, containing a low-softening borosilicate (BSG) and a high-softening high silica (HSG) glass, have been investigated. XRD results show that the pure glasses do not crystallize under the sintering conditions used, but when mixed in appropriate proportions the cristobalite gradually precipitates out of the initial amorphous binary glass mixture as the sintering continues at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000 °C. Average linear thermal expansion coefficient (TCE) results show that the TCE increases significantly with increasing

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39

Barrett, Edward G., Carl Johnston, Günter Oberdörster та Jacob N. Finkelstein. "Silica-induced chemokine expression in alveolar type II cells is mediated by TNF-α-induced oxidant stress". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 276, № 6 (1999): L979—L988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.6.l979.

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We have shown previously that epithelial cells may contribute to the inflammatory response in the lung after exposure to crystalline silica through the production of and response to specific chemokines and cytokines. However, the exact cellular and molecular responses of epithelial cells to silica exposure remain unclear. We hypothesize that non-oxidant-mediated silica-cell interactions lead to the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereby TNF-α-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the activation of the monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and macrophage

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40

Liu, Zhensheng, and Torbjörn Carlberg. "Reactions between liquid silicon and vitreous silica." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 2 (1992): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0352.

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Oxygen incorporation in silicon crystals during Czochralski growth is dependent on many factors, of which the dissolution of the silica crucible is of great importance. In this paper the reactions between vitreous silica and molten silicon have been analyzed, both in sealed ampoules and in Czochralski crucibles. It was found that the vitreous silica crystallizes to cristobalite by lateral growth. For this reaction to occur it is necessary that liquid silicon is present. The vitreous silica dissolves and the cristobalite grows with a thin layer of liquid silicon between them. Different oxygen c

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41

Alderson, A., K. L. Alderson, K. E. Evans, J. N. Grima, and M. S. Williams. "Modelling of Negative Poisson's Ratio Nanomaterials: Deformation Mechanisms, Structure-Property Relationships and Applications." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 23 (January 2005): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.23.55.

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Analytical and Molecular Mechanics methods have been used to study the deformation mechanisms acting at the molecular level in the auxetic polymorph of crystalline silica (a-cristobalite). The analytical models indicate that a-cristobalite deforms by concurrent tetrahedral dilation and cooperative rotation when stretched along the x3 axis, and that a second phase is predicted to exist for this loading scenario, having a geometry similar to that of ‘idealised’ b-cristobalite. This is supported by preliminary Molecular Mechanics simulations, which also indicate that the cooperative rotation pred

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Bruhns, Petra, and Reinhard X. Fischer. "Crystallization of cristobalite and tridymite in the presence of vanadium." European Journal of Mineralogy 12, no. 3 (2000): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0615.

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43

Tomlin, D. W., D. B. Sullenger, and J. S. Cantrell. "A quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the Li2O–SiO2glass–ceramic system." Powder Diffraction 8, no. 1 (1993): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571560001770x.

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An X-ray powder diffraction quantitative analysis has been developed to determine the relative amounts of the principal crystalline phases (α-Li2SiO3,α-Li2Si2O5and theα-cristobalite form of SiO2) contained in selected Li2O–SiO2glass-ceramics. The analysis was extended to estimate the amorphous-to-crystalline content ratio of individual samples. The method utilized is an external-standard intensity ratio technique that employs cristobalite, a component common to each sample, for a standard.

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44

Withers, R. L., J. G. Thompson, A. Melnitchenko, and S. R. Palethorpe. "Cristobalite-Related Phases in the NaAlO2–NaAlSiO4 System. II. A Commensurately Modulated Cubic Structure." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 54, no. 5 (1998): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197019939.

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The crystal structure of a new cubic cristobalite-related sodium aluminosilicate Na1.45Al1.45Si0.55O4 [P213, a = 14.553 (1) Å] has been modelled using a modulation wave approach and the model tested against X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. Owing to there being 64 independent positional parameters and eight independent Na sites, refinement of the tetrahedral framework atom positions and Na occupancies was not possible. The framework was modelled successfully in terms of q 1 = 1\over 4〈020〉_p^*-type (p = parent) modulation waves with the requirement that the MO4 (M = Al0.

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Biasi, R. S. de, and A. Simoes. "ESR in Mn-doped cristobalite AlPO4." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 1, no. 34 (1989): 5915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/1/34/009.

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46

Zhang, X., та C. K. Ong. "Pressure-induced amorphization of β-cristobalite". Physical Review B 48, № 10 (1993): 6865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.48.6865.

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47

Li, Hailian, Mohamed Eddaoudi, Aaron Laine, M. O'Keeffe, and O. M. Yaghi. "Noninterpenetrating Indium Sulfide Supertetrahedral Cristobalite Framework." Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, no. 25 (1999): 6096–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja990410r.

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48

Rodríguez‐Viejo, J., F. Sibieude, M. T. Clavaguera‐Mora, and C. Monty. "18O diffusion through amorphous SiO2and cristobalite." Applied Physics Letters 63, no. 14 (1993): 1906–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110644.

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49

Kayama, M., H. Nishido, and N. Kiyotaka. "Cathodoluminescence characterization of tridymite and cristobalite." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (2008): C599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308080756.

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50

Biasi, R. S. de, and A. Simoes. "ESR of Fe-doped cristobalite AlPO4." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 3, no. 35 (1991): 6909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/3/35/020.

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