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1
Yan, Yuhan. "The Overview of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2386, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2386/1/012019.
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Abstract Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is one of the strongest and most efficient cryptographic techniques in modern cryptography. This paper gives the following introduction: The introduction of cryptography’s development; the introduction of the elliptic curve; the principle of ECC; the horizontal comparison between ECC and other types of cryptography; the modern breakthrough of ECC; the applications of ECC; by using a method of literature review. The study’s findings indicate that this factor is responsible for the rapid historical development of cryptography, from the classical password to the leap to modern cryptography. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), as one of the most important modern cryptographies, is stronger than most other cryptographies both in terms of security and strength, because it uses an elliptic curve to construct and, at the same time, uses mathematical operations to encrypt and generate keys. At the same time, elliptic curve cryptography can continue to improve the speed and intensity with the improvement of accelerators, scalar multiplication, and the speed of order operation. The applications of the elliptic curve in ECDSA and SM2 are very efficient, which further illustrates the importance of elliptic curve cryptography.
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Goldreich, Oded. "Cryptography and cryptographic protocols." Distributed Computing 16, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2003): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00446-002-0077-1.
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Adeyemi Afolayan Adesola, Awele Mary-rose Ilusanmi, and Peter Chimee. "A review of the cryptographic approaches to data security: The impact of quantum computing, evolving challenges and future solutions." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, no. 2 (February 28, 2025): 1916–24. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.2.0434.
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Cryptography plays a fundamental role in defending digital data against cyberthreats and emerging quantum computer capabilities. This review discusses core cryptographic techniques such as symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption and cryptographic hashing, as well as advanced techniques like lattice-based cryptography , code-based cryptography, multi-variate polynomial cryptography and hash-based cryptography that are quantum resistant. The review share insight into the applications of cryptographic techniques in securing communications, encrypting databases, blockchain technology, and health care ensuring that the confidentiality and integrity of data is maintained while also addressing the current need for continuing resistance to future quantum attacks. Additionally, this review discusses critical problems in implementation, usability, and the threat that quantum computing poses to existing cryptographic techniques and offers insights into quantum resistant algorithms.
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Anilkumar, Chunduru, Bhavani Gorle, and Kinthali Sowmya. "A Secure Method of Communication in Conventional Cryptography using Quantum Key Distribution." Applied and Computational Engineering 8, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/8/20230083.
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Security knowledge is one of the foremost challenges in the present day. When the topic is about Information security, the concept of cryptography comes into the picture. Every day, people and organizations use cryptography to maintain the confidentiality of their communications and data as well as to preserve their privacy. Today, one of the most successful methods used by businesses to protect their storage systems, whether at rest or in transit, is cryptography. Yet, cryptography is an effective technique to secure the data, the modern technology can break the cryptographic techniques. But some data encryption algorithms are several times stronger than today's conventional cryptography and can be constructed using quantum computing. They are "Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms ". Quantum cryptography uses the rules of quantum physics instead of classical encryption, which is based on mathematics, to protect and transmit data in a way that cannot be intercepted. Quantum key distribution is the greatest illustration of quantum cryptography and offers a safe solution to the key exchange issue. The proposed work deals with quantum cryptography and mainly focuses on how the quantum cryptographic algorithm is more secure than traditional cryptography.
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Donia Fadil Chalob, Rusul Hussein Hasan, and Suaad M. Saber. "A Comprehensive Review on Cryptography Algorithms: Methods and Comparative Analysis." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 12, no. 1 (February 18, 2025): 275–82. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset25121171.
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The evolution of cryptography has been crucial to preservation subtle information in the digital age. From early cipher algorithms implemented in earliest societies to recent cryptography methods, cryptography has developed alongside developments in computing field. The growing in cyber threats and the increase of comprehensive digital communications have highlighted the significance of selecting effective and robust cryptographic techniques. This article reviews various cryptography algorithms, containing symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptography, via evaluating them according to security asset, complexity, and execution speed. The main outcomes demonstrate the growing trust on elliptic curve cryptography outstanding its capability and small size, while highlighting the requirement for study in the post-quantum cryptographic field to address the threats rising from quantum computing. The comparative analysis shows a comprehensive understanding that combines classical cryptography algorithms with up-to-date approaches such as chaotic-based system and post-quantum cryptography, confirming that the study addresses the future of cryptography security in the aspect of emerging challenge like quantum computing.
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Bhoomika, P. Shetty, S. Darshan, B. R. Drakshayanamma, and Abdulhayan Sayed. "Review on Quantum Key Distribution." Journal of Optical Communication Electronics 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2656087.
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<em>There have been tremendous developments in the field of cryptography. Quantum computers is one among them. Solving complex mathematical calculations are made easy using quantum computers. Introducing quantum physics into cryptography led to growth of quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography is a technique of using photons to generate a cryptographic key and transmit it to a receiver using a suitable communication channel. Quantum cryptography uses quantum mechanical principles such as Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and photon polarisation principle to perform cryptographic tasks towards providing an effective security system. This study describes on to generate a key which is then converted into Quantum bits (Qubits) and send to the receiver securely.</em>
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Wei, Yuchong. "A Survey of Lattice Cryptography." Applied and Computational Engineering 135, no. 1 (February 27, 2025): 210–16. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2025.21190.
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Lattice cryptography has become one of the focal points in the era of quantum computing development. RSA and ECC, traditional public key cryptosystems, may become insecure in the face of quantum computers. In contrast, lattice cryptography is considered a potential solution for cryptographic security in the quantum computing age due to its inherent mathematical problems that require the use of quantum computers to solve. Moreover, lattice cryptographic algorithms can achieve efficient encryption and decryption processes and support a variety of cryptographic constructions, including encryption, signatures, and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). With its high efficiency, multifunctionality, and high security, lattice cryptography has applications in various fields such as finance, e-commerce, government agencies, military, and network communications. It has also become one of the top contenders for the post-quantum cryptographic algorithm standards that have been recognized by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper discusses the main contributions of lattice cryptography to society and its potential future development directions, as well as the challenges it may face and potential solutions. This thesis elaborates on lattice-based cryptography and comprehensively discusses the key technologies of lattice cryptography, its applications, security analysis, performance evaluation, and the latest progress.
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Pasupuleti, Murali Krishna. "Algebraic Geometry Methods in Cryptographic Protocol Design." International Journal of Academic and Industrial Research Innovations(IJAIRI) 05, no. 04 (April 21, 2025): 296–304. https://doi.org/10.62311/nesx/rp2525.
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Abstract: Algebraic geometry offers a powerful and elegant mathematical framework for the design and analysis of modern cryptographic protocols. This research paper investigates the application of algebraic geometry methods—such as elliptic curves, abelian varieties, and projective algebraic structures—in enhancing the security, efficiency, and scalability of cryptographic systems. By bridging advanced algebraic structures with cryptographic primitives, the study demonstrates how algebraic geometry enables the construction of secure public key protocols, zero-knowledge proofs, and post-quantum resilient schemes. Through theoretical modeling, performance benchmarking, and comparative analysis with classical cryptographic approaches, the paper illustrates the advantages of algebraic geometry in terms of computational hardness assumptions, structural integrity, and potential for innovation in secure communications. The findings contribute to the evolving landscape of cryptography by positioning algebraic geometry as a foundational tool in next-generation cryptographic protocol design. Keywords: algebraic geometry, cryptographic protocols, elliptic curves, public key cryptography, post-quantum cryptography, projective varieties, zero-knowledge proofs, secure communication, mathematical cryptography, abelian varieties
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Rusetskaya, Irina A. "CRYPTOGRAPHY. FROM THE PAST TO THE FUTURE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Information Science. Information Security. Mathematics, no. 4 (2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-679x-2021-4-47-57.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in the development of cryptography, which are related to the issues of cryptography of the past and are reflected in the prospects for the development of cryptography in the future. New trends in the development of cryptography that are relevant in recent decades are highlighted, the main ones of which include: awareness of the mathematical nature of data encryption problems, the rapid increase in the volume of processed and encrypted information that is distributed among a large unlimited circle of users of the modern data transmission devices, practical and theoretical interest of user s in cryptography. It analyzes the continuity of the issues facing cryptography. Among such issues there are: an importance of the human factor in the use of any cryptographic system, the traditional participation of the state in the cryptography development, as well as the theoretical substantiation of ideas of the cryptographic data protection, generalizing the practical experience of using encryption. The author also analyzes the main tasks of cryptography, which include identification, authentication, maintaining the integrity, confidentiality and availability of information during its transfer and storage, emphasizing the need to solve them within the framework of the design and implementation of the complex security systems. Using the development of quantum cryptography as an example, the article emphasizes that the development of new approaches to the cryptographic data protection traditionally leads to the emergence of new vulnerability factors, which means that the traditional issue of cryptography is also to stay ahead of potential attackers.
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Goyal, Rohit. "Quantum Cryptography: Secure Communication Beyond Classical Limits." Journal of Quantum Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/jqst.v1.i1.01.
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Quantum cryptography promises secure communication protocols that surpass the limitations of classical cryptography. By leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and the uncertainty principle, quantum cryptography protocols offer provable security guarantees against eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, we provide an overview of quantum cryptography, discussing its theoretical foundations, key protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD), and experimental implementations. We highlight the advantages of quantum cryptography over classical cryptographic techniques and explore its potential applications in secure communication networks, financial transactions, and data privacy. Furthermore, we discuss ongoing research efforts and challenges in the practical deployment of quantum cryptography systems, including the development of robust quantum hardware and the integration of quantum cryptographic protocols into existing communication infrastructures. Overall, quantum cryptography holds great promise for enabling secure communication channels that are resilient to quantum attacks, paving the way for a new era of ultra-secure information exchange.
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Victor, Melvin, D. David Winster Praveenraj, Sasirekha R, Ahmed Alkhayyat, and Abdullayeva Shakhzoda. "Cryptography: Advances in Secure Communication and Data Protection." E3S Web of Conferences 399 (2023): 07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339907010.
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In the innovative work secure communication and data protection are being main field, which are emerged by cryptography as a fundamental pillar. Strong cryptographic methods are now essential given the rising reliance on digital technologies and the threats posed by bad actors. This abstract examines the evolution of secure communication protocols and data protection techniques as it relates to the advancements in cryptography. The development of post-quantum cryptography is the most notable development in cryptography discussed in this study. As quantum computers become more powerful, they pose a serious threat to traditional cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA and ECC. Designing algorithms that are immune to attacks from quantum computers is the goal of post-quantum cryptography. Lattice-based, code-based, and multivariate-based cryptography are only a few of the methods that have been investigated in this context.
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Shuxrat, Toirov Abduganiyevich, Eldor Islomovich Saidakhmedov, and X.U Akbarov. "Enhancing post-quantum security through hybrid cryptographic systems integrating quantum key distribution." Yashil iqtisodiyot va taraqqiyot 3, no. 2 (February 7, 2025): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14868992.
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As quantum computing continues to evolve, traditional cryptographic systems face significant vulnerabilities,especially asymmetric algorithms based on factorization and discrete logarithms. In response, the integration of QuantumKey Distribution with post-quantum cryptography presents a promising hybrid approach to ensuring long-term data security.This new topic explores the design and development of cryptographic systems that combine the computational resilienceof post-quantum cryptography algorithms, such as lattice-based cryptography, with the physical security guaranteesprovided by Quantum Key Distribution. This topic aims to advance the adoption of quantum-resistant cryptography whileleveraging the unique advantages of QKD to create a robust and future-proof cryptographic ecosystem. The synergyof physical quantum security and mathematical post-quantum security represents a groundbreaking innovation insafeguarding sensitive information in the quantum era.
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Anilkumar, Chunduru, Swathi Lenka, N. Neelima, and Sathishkumar V E. "A Secure Method of Communication Through BB84 Protocol in Quantum Key Distribution." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 25, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v25i1.2152.
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Security awareness is one of the most pressing topics in today's globe. The idea of cryptography is introduced when the subject is information security. Conventional cryptography-based security techniques rely on the presumption that keys are shared before secure connections. The most crucial factor to consider when integrating cryptographic operations into account when integrating cryptographic operations in with any system is the safe key management strategy required for sending and transferring a secret key between two entities The systems will be vulnerable to bugs and possibly fatal external assaults if the fundamental management methods are poor A method for securely encrypting data sent between parties is quantum cryptography. and spotting eavesdroppers trying to overhear the conversation. Quantum cryptography may be the solution to these issues a quantum cryptography application, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), refers to the production of a cryptographic key with unconditional security assured by physical rules. Quantum cryptography is a kind of encryption. We examine the quantum key exchange protocol (BB84 protocol) in this study and the way that it significantly improves data transfer security when compared to standard encryption techniques. The main objective of quantum cryptography is to offer a trustworthy way to provide a secure method of communication between the intended peers only and to detect the Eavesdropper presence.
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WANG, XINGYUAN, MING LIU, and NINI GU. "TWO NEW CHAOTIC CRYPTOGRAPHIES BASED ON DIFFERENT ATTRACTOR-PARTITION ALGORITHMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 27 (October 30, 2007): 4739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207038071.
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The paper analyses the limitation of Baptista cryptography in partitioning an attractor, and proposes two new attractor-partition methods: uniform-partition algorithm and dynamic-partition algorithm. They are different from the equal-interval-partition algorithm in Baptista cryptography, but dividing the attractor according to the attractor's natural invariant density and plaintext density, respectively. The comparative experiment indicates: the two new methods improve the unbalanced cryptograph distribution and cryptograph length in Baptista cryptography, they are also able to reduce the iteration time in chaotic systems effectively, which has improved decryption time and cryptographies' security.
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Shashi Raj K. "The Intersection of Algebra and Cryptography: Enhancing Information Security through Mathematical Foundations." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 31, no. 4s (July 5, 2024): 466–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cana.v31.943.
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The rapid advancements in digital technologies have necessitated the development of robust information security measures. This paper explores the intersection of algebra and cryptography, focusing on how algebraic principles can enhance cryptographic techniques to provide stronger security foundations. By leveraging mathematical structures such as groups, rings, and fields, we can address critical challenges in encryption, secure communications, and data privacy. This study reviews key algebraic methods used in contemporary cryptographic protocols, including elliptic curve cryptography, homomorphic encryption, and lattice-based cryptography, and demonstrates their practical applications through detailed case studies. Our comparative analysis highlights the superior performance and security of algebra-based cryptographic solutions compared to traditional methods. Finally, we discuss the emerging trends and future directions in algebraic cryptography, emphasizing the potential of these mathematical foundations to address the evolving threats in information security.
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Yadav, Sonam. "An Extensive Study on Lattice-Based Cryptography and its Applications for RLWE-Based Problems." Universal Research Reports 10, no. 3 (2023): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/urr.2023-v10i3-014.
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Lattice-based cryptography has emerged as a powerful paradigm for constructing secure cryptographic primitives, offering resistance to quantum attacks and providing a versatile framework for building post-quantum cryptographic systems. This research paper provides an in-depth exploration of lattice-based cryptography, focusing specifically on its applications for problems based on Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE). We analyze the fundamental concepts of lattice theory, delve into the RLWE problem, and highlight the security properties and challenges associated with lattice-based schemes. Furthermore, we discuss various real-world applications of lattice-based cryptography, demonstrating its potential for secure communication, privacy-preserving protocols, and post-quantum cryptography.
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Oh, Chaerin, Woosang Im, Hyunil Kim, and Changho Seo. "Recent Trends in Cryptanalysis Techniques for White-box Block Ciphers." Korean Institute of Smart Media 12, no. 9 (October 30, 2023): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2023.12.9.9.
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Black box cryptography is a cryptographic scheme based on a hardware encryption device, operating under the assumption that the device and the user can be trusted. However, with the increasing use of cryptographic algorithms on unreliable open platforms, the threats to black box cryptography systems have become even more significant. As a consequence, white box cryptography have been proposed to securely operate cryptographic algorithms on open platforms by hiding encryption keys during the encryption process, making it difficult for attackers to extract the keys. However, unlike traditional cryptography, white box-based encryption lacks established specifications, making it challenging to verify its structural security. To promote the safer utilization of white box cryptography, CHES organizes The WhibOx Contest periodically, which conducts safety analyses of various white box cryptographic techniques. Among these, the Differential Computation Analysis (DCA) attack proposed by Bos in 2016 is widely utilized in safety analyses and represents a powerful attack technique against robust white box block ciphers. Therefore, this paper analyzes the research trends in white box block ciphers and provides a summary of DCA attacks and relevant countermeasures, adhering to the format of a research paper..
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BAFTIU, Naim. "Analysis and use of Cryptography techniques in programming language C#: Coding and Decoding." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i3.165.
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Cryptography is an old idea and science, but its approach exists and plays a large role in modernization today. Conventional cryptographic techniques form the basis of today's cryptographic algorithm. The different categories of algorithms have their respective features; internally, in performance and implementation. Cryptographic schemes and mechanisms have undergone continuous improvement. The application of cryptography has grown increasingly, ranging from limited use in state institutions to widespread use by private individuals and companies. The increased use of the Internet has significantly influenced the nature of applications and the way we communicate. Data security dictates the use of different cryptographic techniques. For this reason, we analyze in detail the various coding techniques by evaluating their performance and efficiency. Regarding the new paradigms in cryptography there are also new cryptographic schemes whose application requires detailed study and analysis. The classical cryptography algorithm is the oldest algorithm that was used long before the cryptographic system was discovered. Currently, the system has been widely applied to secure data, and using new methods in a way to improve existing methods. In this thesis the use of cryptographic methods using the C # programming language will be discussed.
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John, Michael, Ogoegbulem Ozioma, Perpetua Ngozi Obi, Henry Etaroghene Egbogho, and Otobong. G. Udoaka. "Lattices in Quantum-ERA Cryptography." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, V 4, no. 11 (November 26, 2023): 2175–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10207210.
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The use of Mathematic in cryptography can result a safe encryption scheme. Lattices have emerged as a powerful mathematical tool in the field of cryptography, offering a diverse set of applications ranging from encryption to secure multi-party computation. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the role of lattices in cryptography, covering both theoretical foundations and practical implementations. The paper begins by introducing the basic concepts of lattices and their relevance in cryptographic protocols. Subsequently, it explores key cryptographic primitives based on lattice problems, such as lattice-based encryption schemes, digital signatures, and fully homomorphic encryption. The paper also proposes a new lattice based cryptographic scheme.
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Virk, Udayveer Singh, Devansh Verma, Gagandeep Singh, and Prof Sheetal Laroiya Prof. Sheetal Laroiya. "Analyzing Cryptographic Techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms for Crime Prediction." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (October 22, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem38099.
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This report discusses cryptography techniques. Network security is defined as "keeping information hidden and secure from unauthorized users," whereas cryptography is defined as "the science of data protection." The Fundamental Requirements for Data Transmission are addressed in this work and as well as security attacks such as Data Transmission Interruption, Interception, and Modification. The Cryptographic Framework is explained using a generalized function, in which data is encrypted and decrypted using techniques such as the RSA algorithm, Hash Functions, and other cryptographic algorithms.SVM algorithms to analysis and predict the future cyber crime. This report introduces Cryptography Techniques. Cryptography is “The science of protecting data” & Network Security “keeping information private and Secure from unauthorized Users”. This paper gives the Fundamental Requirements for the Data Transmission, the security attacks like Interruption, Interception and Modification of the data Transmission. Keywords—cryptography, cybersecurity, machine learning, cybercrime prediction
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Caleg Sadrak Sinaga, Alwi Findo Gultom, Dewi Ruth Nababan, Ari Rivaldo Simanjuntak, and Edi Ginting. "Cryptography With Mceliece Algorithm (Code Based Cryptography)." Jurnal Teknik Indonesia 3, no. 02 (November 5, 2024): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.58471/ju-ti.v3i02.665.
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Cryptography is the science used to protect information from unauthorized access. One promising cryptographic algorithm is the McEliece algorithm, which uses code-based cryptography. This algorithm was introduced by Robert McEliece in 1978 and is known for its resistance to attacks from quantum computers, which are expected to be able to break most current cryptographic algorithms. The McEliece algorithm uses binary Goppa code for encryption and decryption, offering high execution speed and resistance to various types of attacks. Although one of its main drawbacks is the large public key size, recent developments in research have shown progress in reducing the key size without sacrificing security. This study aims to explore the working mechanism of the McEliece algorithm, analyze its advantages and disadvantages, and discuss its potential applications in modern technology. The results of this study indicate that the McEliece algorithm has great potential in the field of quantum-safe cryptography, with applications ranging from secret communication to secure data storage.
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Hammad, Baraa Tareq, Ali Maki Sagheer, Ismail Taha Ahmed, and Norziana Jamil. "A comparative review on symmetric and asymmetric DNA-based cryptography." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 2484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.2470.
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Current researchers have focused on DNA-based cryptography, in fact, DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, has been applied in cryptography for performing computation as well as storing and transmitting information. In the present work, we made use of DNA in cryptographic, i.e. its storing capabilities (superior information density) and parallelism, in order to improve other classical cryptographic algorithms. Data encryption is made possible via DNA sequences. In this paper, two cases utilizing different DNA properties were studied by combining the DNA codes with those conventional cryptography algorithms. The first case concerned on symmetric cryptography that involved DNA coding with OTP (one time pad) algorithms. Asymmetric cryptography was considered in the second case by incorporating the DNA codes in RSA algorithm. The efficiencies of DNA coding in OTP, RSA, and other algorithms were given. As observed, the computational time of RSA algorithm combined with DNA coding was longer. In order to alleviate this problem, data redundancy was reduced by activating the GZIP compressed algorithm. The present experimental results showed that DNA symmetric cryptography worked quite well in both time and size analyses. Nevertheless, it was less efficient than the compressed DNA asymmetric cryptography.
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Baraa, Tareq Hammad, Maki Sagheer Ali, Taha Ahmed Ismail, and Jamil Norziana. "A comparative review on symmetric and asymmetric DNA-based cryptography." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 2484–91. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i6.2470.
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Current researchers have focused on DNA-based cryptography, in fact, DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid, has been applied in cryptography for performing computation as well as storing and transmitting information. In the present work, we made use of DNA in cryptographic, i.e. its storing capabilities (superior information density) and parallelism, in order to improve other classical cryptographic algorithms. Data encryption is made possible via DNA sequences. In this paper, two cases utilizing different DNA properties were studied by combining the DNA codes with those conventional cryptography algorithms. The first case concerned on symmetric cryptography that involved DNA coding with OTP (one time pad) algorithms. Asymmetric cryptography was considered in the second case by incorporating the DNA codes in RSA algorithm. The efficiencies of DNA coding in OTP, RSA, and other algorithms were given. As observed, the computational time of RSA algorithm combined with DNA coding was longer. In order to alleviate this problem, data redundancy was reduced by activating the GZIP compressed algorithm. The present experimental results showed that DNA symmetric cryptography worked quite well in both time and size analyses. Nevertheless, it was less efficient than the compressed DNA asymmetric cryptography.
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Kumar,, Varun. "Challenges and Future Trends of Cryptography in Internet of Things." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 10, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30505.
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The incorporation of cryptographic techniques is crucial for guaranteeing data privacy and security processed additionally sent inside IOT ecosystems, particularly as the IOT keeps growing. Examining problems including resource limitations, scalability, and the dynamic nature of IOT environments, this research paper explores the complex obstacles that cryptographic solutions confront considering the IOT. Lightweight cryptography, post-quantum cryptography, and blockchain integration are some of the new trends and future prospects in cryptographic research that are examined in this study in an effort to address these issues. This work offers a useful viewpoint for scholars, practitioners, and legislators engaged in the constantly changing field of cryptographic protocols inside the IOT framework by clarifying current problems and projecting future advancements. Keywords— Cryptography, Internet of Things (IOT), Security,Challenges
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Et. al., Mandru Manisha,. "Colour Visual Cryptography (3,3) Scheme." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 3189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2374.
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Visual Cryptography is an encryption technique which performs only encryption in cryptography, and it is used to encrypt every visual data. And this cryptography is different and unique in all cryptographic techniques, because of not performing decryption process mechanically, and that is done mechanically. In normal visual cryptography only black and white images are encrypted. In this paper we propose a different type of visual cryptography scheme for colour imagesin CMY format. And it protects the secret of the original image and no other techniques does not decrypt it except our decryption technique.
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Md., Aminur Rahman, and Nuruzzaman Laskar AKM. "Quantum Cryptography: Advancements and Implications for Network Security." Journal of Network Security and Data Mining 7, no. 3 (June 5, 2024): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11483650.
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<em>Quantum Cryptography has emerged as a revolutionary approach to network security, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to provide unprecedented levels of protection against contemporary and future threats. This paper explores the landscape of quantum cryptography, emphasizing its importance in addressing the dynamic challenges of network security. It outlines four research objectives aimed at investigating various aspects of quantum cryptography and their implications for network security. These objectives encompass exploring advancements in quantum cryptographic protocols, examining practical implementation challenges, assessing threats posed by quantum computers, and evaluating broader implications for security policies and governance frameworks. Through a comparative research design spanning four countries—UK, USA, Indonesia, and Bangladesh—this study collects data on quantum cryptography protocols, implementation challenges, adoption of quantum-resistant cryptography, and governance frameworks. The findings reveal distinct trajectories in the adoption of quantum cryptographic technologies and governance frameworks across these nations. For instance, the adoption rate of quantum cryptography protocols in the USA started at 32.00% in 2010 and decreased to 11.00% by 2023, indicating a gradual decline. Conversely, Bangladesh saw a significant leap in the adoption rate of quantum-resistant cryptography, soaring from 5.00% in 2010 to 80.00% in 2020, reflecting a robust response to emerging threats posed by quantum computing. Despite promising advancements, integrating quantum cryptography into existing networks presents practical challenges, necessitating careful consideration of scalability, compatibility, and performance. Moreover, the emergence of quantum computers underscores the importance of adopting quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques to mitigate potential risks. Ultimately, this research underscores the transformative potential of quantum cryptography in enhancing network security, while highlighting the importance of addressing practical challenges and policy implications to realize its full benefits in the digital age.</em> <strong><em> </em></strong>
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Teja, Penumantra Satya Sai, Mounika Lakshmi P, and Vinay Kumar K. "A Secure Communication through Quantum Key Distribution Protocols." International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2018.4.3.14.
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Quantum cryptography is a new method of communication offering the security of the inviolability by using Law of Nature.Quantum Cryptography uses different secure communication by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the properties of physics of light for information. Quantum cryptography depends only on the validity of quantum theory, i.e., it is guarantied directly by the laws of physics. This is a different from any classical cryptographic techniques. This paper summarizes the current state of quantum cryptography and provides potential extensions of its feasibility as a mechanism for securing existing communication systems.
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Redhu, Ritu, and Ekta Narwal. "An exploratory analysis of the evolution and trends of code-based cryptography." Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography 28, no. 3 (2025): 959–72. https://doi.org/10.47974/jdmsc-2236.
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Code-based cryptography has emerged as a promising paradigm in cryptographic research, offering robust security foundations against quantum computing threats. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of code-based cryptography scholarly contributions and trends using the Scopus’s extensive database. The relevant publications, including articles and conference papers are extracted to understand the evolution of code-based cryptography research over time. To map the intellectual structure of this field, the bibliometric indicators such as the performance of a 45-year span of publication timelines, prominent journals, authors, research institutions, nations, and disciplines are used. This bibliometric analysis provides insight into pivotal advancement, key contributors, and emerging areas of code-based cryptography. In addition to contributing to the existing body of knowledge, this comprehensive bibliometric examination of codebased cryptography serves as an invaluable resource to researchers seeking understand the dynamics and trajectory of this crucial cryptographic field in contemporary research.
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Dabola, Shashank. "Chat Secure-Messaging Application Based on Secure Encryption Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58817.
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Abstract: This study aims to explore the application of cryptography in various chat interfaces. Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, we examine research conducted across various scientific platforms that bridge cryptography and the chat sector, as well as the intersection of cryptograph and database. The potential for advanced encryption algorithms to enhance the security of the user data is enormous. Implementing cryptography in chat interface presents competitive advantages, as numerous researchers have proposed and validated models that effectively optimize the use of cryptography in sharing data b/w the users
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Ms., Kummasani Vinodhini. "Artifical Intelligence in Cryptography: Protection of Cryptographic System under Patents." Annual International Journal on Analysis of Contemporary Legal Affairs (AIJACLA) 5 (May 25, 2025): 95–111. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15514117.
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<em>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming cryptographic approaches to encryption techniques, automating key generation, and strengthening safety mechanisms against cyber threats. Possible applications include strengthening data protection, detecting vulnerabilities, and optimizing cryptographic protocols. In particular, AI-based cryptographic models enhance the non- disable for security systems against advanced assaults, including those posed by quantum computing. Cryptography leverages AI through machine learning algorithms for anomaly detection, AI-based key management, and neural network-based encryption techniques. Basically, these advancements allow for adaptive security frameworks that can recognize and take action against potential breaches in real time. AI-assisted cryptanalysis can also be used to assess the strength of encryption, therefore restructuring cryptographic practices. Legal protection for AI-driven cryptographic solutions under intellectual property laws, particularly the Patents Act, will remain a crucial area of concern as they continue to evolve. Patentability in cryptography has faced challenges because it relies on mathematical algorithms, which are often not considered patentable in many jurisdictions. However, when technical applications, such as higher efficiency or enhanced security, can be demonstrated by AI-based cryptographic methods, they may find a place under the patent-protectable framework. Novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability are three of the criteria AI innovations in cryptography must satisfy under the laws of patents, which include the Indian Patents Act, 1970, and European Patent Convention (EPC). The patent framework for cryptography is now developing, with courts and regulatory authorities analyzing the degree of protection that should be accorded to cryptographic mechanisms arising from AI. The paper analyses how AI and cryptography intersect regarding patentability in AI-powered cryptographic systems and the challenges posed by the existing intellectual property frameworks.</em>
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Annu. "Algebraic Structures and Their Applications in Modern Cryptography." Innovative Research Thoughts 10, no. 3 (July 25, 2024): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/irt.v10.i3.1433.
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Modern cryptography relies heavily on the principles of algebraic structures to ensure the security and integrity of data. This paper explores the fundamental algebraic structures that underpin contemporary cryptographic systems, including groups, rings, fields, and lattices. We provide a detailed examination of how these structures are employed in various cryptographic algorithms and protocols, such as public-key cryptography, digital signatures, and hash functions. an overview of basic algebraic concepts and their properties, followed by an in-depth analysis of their applications in cryptographic schemes. For instance, the use of elliptic curve groups in Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) offers enhanced security with smaller key sizes compared to traditional systems like RSA. Similarly, lattice-based cryptography presents promising solutions for post-quantum security, leveraging the hardness of lattice problems to resist attacks by quantum computers. the role of algebraic structures in the development of advanced cryptographic techniques, such as homomorphic encryption, which allows computations on encrypted data without decryption, and zero-knowledge proofs, which enable the verification of information without revealing the information itself. Through these examples, we illustrate the critical importance of algebraic structures in achieving robust and efficient cryptographic systems.
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Mohammed, Anwar. "Quantum-Resistant Cryptography: Developing Encryption Against Quantum Attacks." Quantum-Resistant Cryptography: Developing Encryption Against Quantum Attacks 1, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14760501.
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Quantum computing presents both extraordinary potential and a significant threat to modern cryptographic systems. As the computational power of quantum computers grows, so too does the risk of rendering traditional encryption methods—especially those relying on factorization and discrete logarithms—obsolete. Quantum-resistant cryptography, also known as post-quantum cryptography, aims to develop new cryptographic protocols that can resist the capabilities of quantum computers. This paper explores the advancements in quantum computing, the vulnerabilities it presents to existing cryptographic systems, and the development of quantum-resistant algorithms. We highlight leading approaches in lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, multivariate quadratic, and isogeny-based cryptography and discuss the challenges associated with transitioning to quantum-resistant encryption standards.
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Singh, Sukhveer. "Investigation of Cryptography for Secure Communication and Data Privacy Applications." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2508.
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In many applications, secure communication and data privacy are crucially supported by cryptography. The study of cryptography is now essential for creating strong and dependable security systems due to the growing risks to sensitive information in the digital era. The fundamentals of cryptography, its guiding principles, and its useful applications in securing communication channels and preserving data privacy are explored in this research article.Beginning with symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques, the inquiry first looks at the fundamental ideas of encryption and decryption. It explores the mathematical underpinnings of cryptography, including discrete logarithms, prime numbers, and modular arithmetic, which serve as the foundation for many cryptographic systems.The paper also examines the various cryptographic protocols and algorithms that are frequently used in secure communication systems. It examines well-known encryption algorithms like Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). To determine whether a given algorithm is appropriate for a given use case, its advantages, disadvantages, and distinguishing characteristics are examined.The inquiry also looks at other cryptographic methods including digital signatures, hashing, and key management in addition to encryption. In secure communication systems, these methods are essential for guaranteeing data integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation.
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Sabani, Maria E., Ilias K. Savvas, and Georgia Garani. "Learning with Errors: A Lattice-Based Keystone of Post-Quantum Cryptography." Signals 5, no. 2 (April 13, 2024): 216–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/signals5020012.
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The swift advancement of quantum computing devices holds the potential to create robust machines that can tackle an extensive array of issues beyond the scope of conventional computers. Consequently, quantum computing machines create new risks at a velocity and scale never seen before, especially with regard to encryption. Lattice-based cryptography is regarded as post-quantum cryptography’s future and a competitor to a quantum computer attack. Thus, there are several advantages to lattice-based cryptographic protocols, including security, effectiveness, reduced energy usage and speed. In this work, we study the learning with errors (LWE) problem and the cryptosystems that are based on the LWE problem and, in addition, we present a new efficient variant of LWE cryptographic scheme.
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Abiodun, O. Odedoyin, O. Odukoya Helen, and O. Oluwatope Ayodeji. "A Quantum Cryptography Protocol for Access Control in Big Data." International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS) 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1304106.
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ABSTRACT Modern cryptography targeted towards providing data confidentiality still pose some limitations. The security of public-key cryptography is based on unproven assumptions associated with the hardness /complicatedness of certain mathematical problems. However, public-key cryptography is not unconditionally secure: there is no proof that the problems on which it is based are intractable or even that their complexity is not polynomial. Therefore, public-key cryptography is not immune to unexpectedly strong computational power or better cryptanalysis techniques. The strength of modern cryptography is being weakened and with advances of big data, could gradually be suppressed. Moreover, most of the currently used public-key cryptographic schemes could be cracked in polynomial time with a quantum computer. This paper presents a renewed focus in fortifying the confidentiality of big data by proposing a quantum-cryptographic protocol. A framework was constructed for realizing the protocol, considering some characteristics of big data and conceptualized using defined propositions and theorems.
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Khamalwa, Mulemi Simiyu. "Exploring how Commutative Algebra Underpins Cryptographic Protocols and Encryption Methods Used in Secure Communications and Data Protection." NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 5, no. 3 (June 14, 2024): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/nijses/2024/10.5.586237.
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In the dynamic realm of cybersecurity, the principles of cryptography form the bedrock of secure communication and data protection. This review delves into the pivotal role of commutative algebra in the development and implementation of cryptographic protocols. Commutative algebra, encompassing commutative rings, fields, and groups, is integral to many encryption and decryption algorithms that safeguard digital information. This review explores various algebraic structures, including modular arithmetic, finite fields, and group theory, highlighting their significance in key cryptographic processes such as secure key generation, encryption, and decryption. We examine public key cryptography, underscoring how commutative algebra underpins systems like RSA, ElGamal, and ECC, ensuring secure key exchange and distribution. Finite fields and Galois theory are discussed for their crucial role in cryptographic algorithms, enhancing security and efficiency. Lattice-based cryptography is explored for its resistance to quantum computing attacks, leveraging the complexity of lattice problems in high-dimensional spaces. Cryptographic hash functions, error-correcting codes, and homomorphic encryption are reviewed for their reliance on algebraic properties to maintain data integrity, confidentiality, and security in various applications. Additionally, multivariate polynomial cryptography and post-quantum cryptography are examined for their use of complex algebraic structures to provide robust security against emerging threats, including those posed by quantum computing. This comprehensive review underscores the indispensable role of commutative algebra in the theoretical foundation and practical implementation of modern cryptographic systems, emphasizing its importance in ensuring security, efficiency, and resilience in the face of evolving cyber threats. Keywords: Commutative algebra, cryptographic, protocols, encryption, communications, data protection
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Akram, Zaryab. "Cryptology Based on Laplace Transform of Hyperbolic Function and Matrix Decomposition Method." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642364mtgabs.
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Cryptography is the art of coding and decoding the communication. Cryptography ensures the security of delicate information over some confidentiality breaching resources. In the recent age Cryptography has turned into a battleground of some of the world’s best mathematicians and computer scientists. A number of transforms like Sumudu transform, Laplace transform, Fourier transform, Kamal transform, Mellin transform, Jafari transform, Aboodh transform, N-transform, ELzaki transform, MAHGOUB transform are frequently used in cryptography. Cryptography is of great importance in every field of life including data transmission, data storage, E-Commerce, confidential communication such as credit card transactions and Emails. Cryptography has been a hot topic among the researchers from 4000 years ago until now. In this work, a new cryptographic technique will be introduced. . In this work mathematical transformation known as Laplace transform on hyperbolic function is used for advancement of security purpose in the field of computers and telecommunications, this concept is known as Cryptography. This work includes a mathematical method known as “Laplace Transform” along with “Matrix Decomposition or Triangularization method” in cryptographic process (Encryption and Decryption). Both these mathematical concepts are used in this work to create a new cryptographic technique for the security of data and information in the world of computer. In this technique, Laplace transform on hyperbolic functions along with Matrix decomposition method will be incorporated. The Laplace Transform of hyperbolic function and Lower Triangular Matrix will be used as encryption and inverse Laplace Transformand upper triangular matrix will be used for decryption. Furthermore, the technique will also be explained with its applications.
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Chandre, Pankaj R., Bhagyashree D. Shendkar, Sayalee Deshmukh, Sameer Kakade, and Suvarna Potdukhe. "Machine Learning-Enhanced Advancements in Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 11s (October 10, 2023): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i11s.8300.
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Quantum cryptography has emerged as a promising paradigm for secure communication, leveraging the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics to guarantee information confidentiality and integrity. In recent years, the field of quantum cryptography has witnessed remarkable advancements, and the integration of machine learning techniques has further accelerated its progress. This research paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest developments in quantum cryptography, with a specific focus on the utilization of machine learning algorithms to enhance its capabilities. The paper begins by providing an overview of the principles underlying quantum cryptography, such as quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). Subsequently, it highlights the limitations of traditional quantum cryptographic schemes and introduces how machine learning approaches address these challenges, leading to improved performance and security. To illustrate the synergy between quantum cryptography and machine learning, several case studies are presented, showcasing successful applications of machine learning in optimizing key aspects of quantum cryptographic protocols. These applicatiocns encompass various tasks, including error correction, key rate optimization, protocol efficiency enhancement, and adaptive protocol selection. Furthermore, the paper delves into the potential risks and vulnerabilities introduced by integrating machine learning with quantum cryptography. The discussion revolves around adversarial attacks, model vulnerabilities, and potential countermeasures to bolster the robustness of machine learning-based quantum cryptographic systems. The future prospects of this combined field are also examined, highlighting potential avenues for further research and development. These include exploring novel machine learning architectures tailored for quantum cryptographic applications, investigating the interplay between quantum computing and machine learning in cryptographic protocols, and devising hybrid approaches that synergistically harness the strengths of both fields. In conclusion, this research paper emphasizes the significance of machine learning-enhanced advancements in quantum cryptography as a transformative force in securing future communication systems. The paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in understanding the state-of-the-art in this multidisciplinary domain and charting the course for its future advancements.
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Dubey, Praveer, and Ompal Yadav. "A Survey on Quantum cryptography versus classical Cryptography." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 10, no. 06 (October 31, 2021): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.10.6.3.
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Quantum Cryptography is an approach to securing communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. Unlike traditional classical cryptography, which uses mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers, quantum cryptography is focused on the physics of information. The development of quantum cryptography was motivated by the short-comings of classical cryptographic methods, which can be classified as either public-key or secret-key Methods. There are classical solutions to insecure communication all rely on making some or assumption, about the computational power of a cheater, about the number of cheaters, or something of this kind. Based on quantum key distribution, one might hope that a quantum computer might allow us to weaken or remove these assumptions.
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Bala, Romi, and Hemant Pandey. "Advances in Discrete Mathematics: From Combinatorics to Cryptography." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 10, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 1643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.61841/turcomat.v10i3.14624.
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Discrete mathematics forms the foundation for various fields, including computer science and cryptography, by providing essential tools for problem-solving in discrete structures. This paper explores the advancements in discrete mathematics, focusing on combinatorics and cryptography. It discusses the basic concepts of combinatorics, such as permutations, combinations, and graph theory, along with their applications in modern cryptography. The paper also examines symmetric and public key cryptography algorithms, including DES, AES, RSA, and ECC, highlighting their key features and security mechanisms. Furthermore, it explores the role of discrete structures, such as sets, relations, functions, and lattices, in cryptography, emphasizing their importance in designing secure cryptographic systems. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in discrete mathematics and their applications in modern cryptography.
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Shah, Aayush, Prabhat Mahato, and Aadarsh Bhagat. "Enhancing Post-Quantum Cryptography: Exploring Mathematical Foundations and Comparative Analysis of Different Cryptographic Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 1626–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55341.
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Abstract: This research paper surveys the landscape of cryptography, encompassing historical origins and modern applications. Beginning with foundational concepts, it explores encryption, decryption, ciphers, and keys, spanning symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. Historical context unfolds, tracing cryptography from ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs to Julius Caesar's cipher. The study then transitions to contemporary subjects. Elliptic Curves and Cryptography are investigated, showcasing their significance in secure communication, demonstrating ECC key exchange and AES-GCM encryption using python and Comparative analysis of ECC, RSA, and Diffie-Hellman sheds light on their performance. Zero-Knowledge Proofs are introduced as tools for privacy-preserving verification followed by an exploration of various Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) protocols. By presenting practical implementation examples using Python, the paper illustrates how these proofs can be applied in real-world scenarios. Random Number Generation is examined and distinction between pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) and cryptographically secure PRNGs (CSPRNGs) is emphasized conducting a thorough comparative analysis of PRNGs and CSPRNGs, considering factors like correlation, independence, periodicity, and entropy. Furthermore, the section evaluates the performance of different random number generation techniques. Fully Homomorphic Encryption emerges as a groundbreaking concept, discussing its mathematical properties, practical implementation, parameter selection, and optimization techniques enabling computation on encrypted data. Cryptographic Secret Sharing Schemes are explored for secure information distribution. The paper concludes by delving into the Chinese Remainder Theorem's applications within modern cryptographic protocols, particularly in RSA decryption and the integration factorization process of the RSA public key cryptosystem. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations of primality testing, a pivotal aspect of the RSA algorithm. Overall, this research paper provides a comprehensive exploration of cryptography's historical context, core concepts, advanced techniques, and practical implementations, offering valuable insights into the realm of secure communication
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Sedat Sonko, Kenneth Ifeanyi Ibekwe, Valentine Ikenna Ilojianya, Emmanuel Augustine Etukudoh, and Adefunke Fabuyide. "QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY AND U.S. DIGITAL SECURITY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW: INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES IN CREATING UNBREAKABLE ENCRYPTION AND THEIR FUTURE IN NATIONAL SECURITY." Computer Science & IT Research Journal 5, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 390–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i2.790.
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This study provides a comprehensive review of quantum cryptography and its implications for U.S. national security in the face of emerging quantum technologies. The primary objective is to investigate the potential of quantum cryptographic methods in creating unbreakable encryption and their future role in enhancing digital security. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis, the study draws on recent peer-reviewed articles, institutional reports, and academic journals from 2013 to 2023. The methodology focuses on evaluating the evolution, current state, and challenges of quantum cryptography, along with its integration into existing security frameworks. Key findings reveal that Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) offer promising solutions against the threats posed by quantum computing to classical encryption methods. However, the practical implementation of these technologies faces significant challenges, including technological limitations and the need for global standardization. The study underscores the urgency for U.S. national security policy to prioritize the development and integration of quantum-resistant cryptographic technologies and to foster international collaboration for standardization. Finally, the study highlights the transformative potential of quantum cryptography in digital security, emphasizing the need for continued research and collaboration to overcome implementation challenges. Future research directions include the development of efficient quantum cryptographic protocols and ethical considerations surrounding the deployment of quantum technologies. This study contributes to the discourse on securing national interests in the face of advancing quantum computing capabilities.
 Keywords: Quantum Cryptography, Digital Security, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution.
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Dhakne, Dr Amol, Prasann Shimpi, Sanket Halake, Shivam Dharmshetti, and Shashank Singh. "Neural Network Based Message Concealment Scheme." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42522.
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Abstract: Neural Cryptography is a new thread that integrates cryptography and neural networks for cryptanalysis and encryption applications. We show that Neural Networks can execute symmetric encryption in an adversarial context in this paper, and we build on the existing literature on the subject. Cryptography's purpose is to make it difficult to decipher a cypher and recreate the plain text without the associated key. Your messages are encrypted with excellent cryptography in such a way that brute force attacks against the algorithm or key are nearly impossible. Good cryptography is secure because it employs extremely long keys and encryption techniques that are resistant to various types of attack. The neural net application is the next step in the evolution of good cryptography. This paper discusses the use of neural networks in cryptography, including how to create neural networks that can be utilized in cryptography. Keywords: Cryptography key, encryption system, encryption algorithm, artificial neural network,chaos maps, logistic encryption.
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Tejasweeni Pradhan. "Quantum Cryptography for Secure Autonomous Vehicle Networks." Advances in Nonlinear Variational Inequalities 28, no. 1s (November 1, 2024): 449–59. https://doi.org/10.52783/anvi.v28.2445.
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As autonomous vehicle networks evolve, securing them against advanced cyber threats is becoming increasingly crucial. Traditional cryptographic methods are inadequate for these demands. This paper examines quantum cryptography, focusing on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), to enhance security in these networks. A network architecture incorporating quantum cryptographic protocols, and an outline of the necessary hardware and software are proposed. Simulations demonstrate the advantages of quantum cryptography in ensuring data integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity. However, challenges such as scalability and integration persist. These challenges are discussed, along with suggestions for future research, concluding that quantum cryptography has the potential to significantly improve the security of autonomous vehicle networks.
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Olajide Soji Osundare, Chidiebere Somadina Ike, Ololade Gilbert Fakeyede, and Adebimpe Bolatito Ige. "Blockchain and quantum cryptography: Future of secure telecommunications in banking." Engineering Science & Technology Journal 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v3i2.1523.
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The rapid evolution of telecommunications in the banking sector has necessitated advanced security measures to protect sensitive financial data and transactions. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger system, has emerged as a promising solution for ensuring transparency, traceability, and security in banking communications. However, the potential threat posed by quantum computing to current cryptographic methods presents new challenges to the integrity of blockchain systems. Quantum cryptography, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, offers a robust alternative to traditional encryption techniques by enabling secure key distribution that is theoretically immune to quantum attacks. This abstract explores the convergence of blockchain and quantum cryptography as a dual framework for securing telecommunications in banking. The integration of blockchain's decentralized architecture with quantum cryptography's advanced encryption capabilities can significantly enhance the security of financial transactions, safeguarding against both current and future cyber threats. The paper also discusses the potential challenges in implementing these technologies, including the need for quantum-resistant algorithms, the high cost of quantum infrastructure, and the technical complexities associated with merging blockchain with quantum systems. In conclusion, while blockchain and quantum cryptography individually offer significant advancements in cybersecurity, their combined application represents the future of secure telecommunications in banking. As quantum computing continues to advance, the adoption of quantum cryptography alongside blockchain will be crucial in maintaining the security and integrity of banking communications. This paper argues for the importance of continued research and development in this area, highlighting the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration to overcome existing barriers and fully realize the potential of these technologies in securing the future of banking telecommunications. Keywords: Blockchain, Quantum Cryptography, Future, Secure Telecommunication, Banking.
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Priya, R. Shanmuga, and A. Senthilkumar. "A Study on Visual Cryptography for Colour Images." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (August 1, 2017): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i7/0172.
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The intent of this paper is to present some of the major things about visual cryptography for colour images. The idea behind this technique is quite simple and powerful. Visual cryptography deals with visual information like picture, printed text and written notes etc. Visual cryptography also called secret sharing. As the name implies visual cryptography which has a single secret image and more than one shadow images and provided for numerous users. Visual cryptography process depends on various measures such as accuracy, computational complexity, pixel expansion, contrast whether generated it is meaningless or meaningful. Encryption performed by image processing techniques and the decryption carried out by human visual system with the stacking images. Visual cryptography need not require any complicated cryptographic proficiency. So, the intruders or hackers get hard to hack the details programmatically. However, this papers deals with visual cryptography for colour images.
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Subhalaxmi Sabitri Das, Subhalaxmi Sabitri Das, Sachin Jena Sachin Jena, and H. Dipali Singh H.Dipali Singh. "The Role of Cryptography in Cyber Security." International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention 14, no. 5 (May 2025): 48–54. https://doi.org/10.35629/6734-14054854.
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One description of cryptography is the study and practice of information concealment. Cryptography intersects with fields like computer wisdom and mathematics. Among the terms used in this term paper are plaintext, or information to be conveyed, Cipher textbook, or ordinary textbook that has been made incomprehensible by an operation of a fine procedure, The key is a numerical value, formula, or procedure that establishes how a plaintext communication is translated or deciphered. The cryptographic algorithm, also, is a fine formula that's used to tousle the plain textbook to produce cipher textbook. Public crucial cryptography (PKC), hash functions, and secret crucial cryptography (SKC) are the three orders of cryptography. Each bone of them will be completely described.
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Mathew Sebastian. "Cryptographic milestones: Origins, modern algorithms, and the quantum era." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 15, no. 2 (May 30, 2025): 387–93. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2025.15.2.0561.
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Cryptography has played a pivotal role in securing communication across human history. From ancient techniques such as hieroglyphic substitutions and Caesar's cipher to contemporary cryptographic systems like RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography, the field has continuously adapted to evolving technological paradigms. This article provides a comprehensive review of the historical development of cryptography, highlighting key milestones from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, through the mechanical encryption devices of World War II, to the theoretical foundations established by Claude Shannon. It examines the revolutionary introduction of public-key cryptography and follows developments into the digital era, where blockchain technology and privacy innovations like Zero-Knowledge Proofs have expanded cryptographic applications beyond traditional security roles. The article also explores emerging challenges and innovations, particularly those involving artificial intelligence and quantum computing, considering the implications of quantum threats and the ongoing global efforts to develop quantum-resistant encryption standards.
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Kaushal, Milind. "Cryptography: A Brief Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40401.
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Abstract: This paper reviews the concept of cryptography and some of the cryptographic algorithms. It discusses the importance of cryptography and how it is useful in the data security world. The history of this concept goes way back and has found uses in the times of wars. It has become way more advanced and complicated than it used to be but is still not perfect. Keywords: Cryptography, Asymmetric Cryptosystem, Cipher text, Encryption Algorithm, Diffie-Hellman, DES, 3DES
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Wang, Xing, Qiang Zhang, and Xiao Peng Wei. "A New Encryption Method Based on Rijndael Algorithm and DNA Computing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.1241.
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AES is one of the most widely used cryptographic systems. DNA computing has the high efficiency to solve some NP-problems. Therefore many scientists try to combine DNA computing with cryptography. In this paper, an algorithm is designed to simulate a plaintext encrypted by DNA biotechnology and modern cryptography. After mapping the plaintext information as DNA chain and handling the base chain with biological genetic technology, we can get the gene codes form, then using the Rijndael algorithm to deal with the biological chain with cryptography and get the final result. It makes the DNA-based cryptography more effective and more security.