Zeitschriftenartikel: „Cultural theory of risk“

1

Tansey, James, und Tim O'riordan. „Cultural theory and risk: A review“. Health, Risk & Society 1, Nr. 1 (März 1999): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698579908407008.

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2

Bauman, Zygmunt, und Mary Douglas. „Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory“. British Journal of Sociology 45, Nr. 1 (März 1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591531.

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3

Evar, Benjamin. „Framing Co2 Storage Risk: A Cultural Theory Perspective“. Energy & Environment 23, Nr. 2-3 (Mai 2012): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305x.23.2-3.375.

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This research note discusses risk perceptions of CO2 storage from a cultural theory perspective. Data for consideration is drawn from several publications by key stakeholders in the CO2 storage risk debate, as well as studies of (lay) public perceptions of risk. Two strands of further research are proposed based on the data, and a claim is made that publications from one stakeholder, the EU Commission, strongly indicate a risk framing that conforms to the hierarchical typology within cultural theory. Suggestions are made for more detailed fieldwork to confirm this finding and to investigate the research questions further.

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Brenot, Jean, Sylviane Bonnefous und Claire Marris. „Testing the Cultural Theory of Risk in France“. Risk Analysis 18, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1998): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01116.x.

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5

Tsohou, Aggeliki, Maria Karyda, Spyros Kokolakis und Evangelos Kiountouzis. „Formulating information systems risk management strategies through cultural theory“. Information Management & Computer Security 14, Nr. 3 (Mai 2006): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09685220610670378.

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6

Beidelman, T. O. „: Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory . Mary Douglas.“ American Anthropologist 95, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1993): 1065–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1993.95.4.02a00740.

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7

McNeeley, Shannon M., und Heather Lazrus. „The Cultural Theory of Risk for Climate Change Adaptation“. Weather, Climate, and Society 6, Nr. 4 (01.10.2014): 506–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-13-00027.1.

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Abstract The way in which people perceive climate change risk is informed by their social interactions and cultural worldviews comprising fundamental beliefs about society and nature. Therefore, perceptions of climate change risk and vulnerability along with people’s “myths of nature”—that is, how groups of people conceptualize the way nature functions—influence the feasibility and acceptability of climate adaptation planning, policy making, and implementation. This study presents analyses of cultural worldviews that broaden the current treatments of culture and climate change mitigation and adaptation decision making in communities. The authors use insights from community-based climate research and engage the Cultural Theory of Risk conceptual framework to situate community understandings of, and responses to, climate impacts. This study looks at how the issue of climate change manifests socially in four cases in the United States and Tuvalu and how ideas about climate change are produced by the institutional cultural contexts across scales from the local to the global. This approach helps us identify local and regional priorities and support the development of new relationships for adaptation research and planning by helping to diagnose barriers to climate change adaptation, assist improved communication through framing/reframing climate issues based on shared understandings and collective learning, and help move from conflict to cooperation through better negotiation of diverse worldviews.

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Sjoberg, Lennart. „Explaining risk perception: an empirical evaluation of cultural theory“. Risk Decision and Policy 2, Nr. 2 (01.08.1997): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135753097348447.

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9

Boholm, Åsa. „Risk perception and social anthropology: Critique of cultural theory*“. Ethnos 61, Nr. 1-2 (Januar 1996): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141844.1996.9981528.

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10

Goodwin, Yölande, und Kenneth David Strang. „Socio-Cultural and Multi-Disciplinary Perceptions of Risk“. International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 1, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2012010101.

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This is a review of the extant risk theory literature that hypothesizes new cross-cultural perceptions and multi-disciplinary techniques have emerged in risk management practice. Basic concepts in risk theory are introduced and then the generally accepted risk management framework is explained (identification, assessment, planning, and control). Global macro-environment factors and contemporary risk assessment practices are briefly explored. A multi-disciplinary socio-cultural meta-model of risk theory is developed. The paper concludes with ideas and proposes research questions for future studies.

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11

Johnson, Branden B., und Brendon Swedlow. „Comparing cultural theory and cultural cognition theory survey measures to each other and as explanations for judged risk“. Journal of Risk Research 23, Nr. 10 (14.08.2019): 1278–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1646310.

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Kiss, Simon J., Éric Montpetit und Erick Lachapelle. „Beyond Regions and Ideology: Using Cultural Theory to Explain Risk Perception in Canada“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 53, Nr. 2 (23.04.2020): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423920000177.

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AbstractCultural theory (CT) has been widely used to explain variations in risk perception but has rarely been tested in Canada. This contribution represents the most thorough attempt to adapt CT to the Canadian context. Study results suggest that respondents’ commitment to egalitarianism was strongly correlated with risks from technology, while respondents’ commitment to hierarchism was strongly correlated with risks from criminal or unsafe behaviours. Respondents’ commitment to individualism was also correlated with risks from criminal and unsafe behaviours but differed from hierarchism in that individualism was not correlated with risk perceptions from prostitution and marijuana use. Respondents’ commitments to fatalism were strongly correlated with risk perception of vaccines. These conclusions are reinforced by results from a survey question that tests the extent to which such cultural predispositions map onto the myths of nature hypothesized by CT and by a survey experiment that tests how cultural commitments predict perceived risks from a controversial pipeline.

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Johnson, Branden B., Brendon Swedlow und Marcus W. Mayorga. „Cultural theory and cultural cognition theory survey measures: confirmatory factoring and predictive validity of factor scores for judged risk“. Journal of Risk Research 23, Nr. 11 (29.11.2019): 1467–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2019.1687577.

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14

Kahan, Dan M., und Donald Braman. „More Statistics, Less Persuasion: A Cultural Theory of Gun-Risk Perceptions“. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 151, Nr. 4 (April 2003): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3312930.

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Oltedal, Sigve, und Torbjørn Rundmo. „Using cluster analysis to test the cultural theory of risk perception“. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 10, Nr. 3 (Mai 2007): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2006.10.003.

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Rippl, Susanne. „Cultural theory and risk perception: a proposal for a better measurement“. Journal of Risk Research 5, Nr. 2 (April 2002): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669870110042598.

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17

Febbrajo, Alberto. „For a socio-legal theory of risk“. SOCIOLOGIA DEL DIRITTO, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2009): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sd2009-002005.

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- This article aims to offer an overview of some contributions to a socio-legal theory of risk. Starting from the presupposition that risk is a concept that plays a central role in sociological as well as in legal theory, it underlines the thesis that, from the point of view of the general system theory, the application of three different strategies of risk-management can be recognised in the legal system: a substantial strategy, which comprises shielding a core of legal contents from the risk of sudden and drastic changes; a social strategy, whereby risks are externalised by creating virtual figures (legal persons) which relieve "natural" persons from those risks that are particularly severe and hard to sustain in the sphere of economic activity; and a temporal strategy, in which risks are diluted by implementing procedures, i.e. sequences of operations, featuring relevance criteria of their own and by a time-frame that, to a certain extent, can be pre-determined. Moreover, in every advanced legal system, there is a need for tools for reducing or avoiding the risks produced by the current legal strategies for risk absorption. One of the main learning processes concerning the risks produced by law is democracy, which is also in turn exposed to risks. Because the present situation features profound changes in the structure of world society as a whole, which dramatically transform the types of risks confronting the legal system, the concept of law oriented to an imperativistic approach is no longer adequate. Instead, it needs to be based on a communicative approach, according to which the treatment of risks trespasses on the borders of the individual state and takes on a cultural and communicative, rather than a practical, dimension, characterised by symbolic legitimisation, virtual effectiveness and increased openness

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Zeng, Jingjing, Meiquan Jiang und Meng Yuan. „Environmental Risk Perception, Risk Culture, and Pro-Environmental Behavior“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 5 (07.03.2020): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051750.

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Mixed evidence exists regarding the relationship between environmental risk perception and pro-environmental behavior. This study uses an existing online survey conducted by the Center of Ecological Civilization (CEC) of China University of Geosciences from December 2015 to March 2016 and examines how cultural bias influences environmental risk perception and behavior. We found that an individual’s pro-environmental behavior is not only influenced by environmental risk perception, but also by his or her cultural worldviews. Built on culture theory (CT), our empirical results suggest that young Chinese people are more located in “high-group” culture, where egalitarian culture and hierarchical culture dominate. The higher scores of hierarchical and egalitarian cultures of Chinese youth, the more likely they are to protect the environment. Moreover, the relationship between cultural worldviews and pro-environmental behaviors are mediated by perceived environmental risks.

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Mizruchi, S. „Risk Theory and the Contemporary American Novel“. American Literary History 22, Nr. 1 (22.12.2009): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajp053.

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20

Khan, Safeer Ullah, Xiangdong Liu, Ikram Ullah Khan, Cheng Liu und Zahid Hameed. „Measuring the Effects of Risk and Cultural Dimensions on the Adoption of Online Stock Trading“. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 14, Nr. 3 (Juli 2018): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2018070106.

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Online stock trading (OST) is a growing phenomenon across countries, yet there is a sparse literature focusing on the negative utilities (risks) that causing the low adoption. Drawing from perceived risk theory, this article attempts to fill the gap by identifying the influential risk factors that impede the acceptance of OST in a developing country, Pakistan. The study also applies the Hofstede cultural theory to ascertain the effects of cultural moderators on investors' usage behavior (UB). Based on structured questionnaire, 443 valid responses were received from current and potential investors. The model was tested using structural equation modeling through Smart-PLS. The results validate a negative and significant relationship between risk dimensions and investors' behavioral intentions (BI) to use OST. Especially time, financial, performance, privacy and opportunity cost risks are found having a negative impact on investors' BI. Moreover, the study finds that cultural dimensions, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, moderate the relationship between BI and UB.

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Duckett, Dominic, Brian Wynne, Rob M. Christley, A. Louise Heathwaite, Maggie Mort, Zoe Austin, Jonathan M. Wastling, Sophia M. Latham, Ruth Alcock und Philip Haygarth. „Can Policy Be Risk-Based? The Cultural Theory of Risk and the Case of Livestock Disease Containment“. Sociologia Ruralis 55, Nr. 4 (03.12.2014): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soru.12064.

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Brenot, J., S. Bonnefous und C. Mays. „Cultural Theory and Risk Perception: Validity and Utility Explored in the French Context“. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 68, Nr. 3 (01.12.1996): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031872.

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Kim, Soyeon, Izumi Mori und Abd Rahman Abdul Rahim. „Cultural values matter“. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 18, Nr. 1 (05.03.2018): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595818759570.

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As the economic footprint of developing countries increases, talent management grows in importance for foreign multinational companies in emerging markets. Multinational companies, however, face fierce competition for local talent, and competitive recruiting calls for practical knowledge about the personal traits of job applicants. The present study applies a cross-cultural perspective to this issue, exploring how individually held cultural values influence the attractiveness of Japanese companies in Malaysia. Drawing on similarity-attraction theory and person–organization fit theory, the study quantitatively analyses data from a paper-based survey of 245 prospective jobseekers. The findings indicate that an individual cultural value fit with the foreign company’s country of origin is significant predictors of employer attractiveness. Specifically, the study finds that potential Malaysian jobseekers who are lower in power distance and higher in risk aversion and long-term orientation view Japanese companies as attractive future employers and have higher job-pursuit behavior. Based on this finding, the study discusses theoretical and practical contributions to corporate employment strategies.

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Krishtal, M. I., und A. V. Shchekoturov. „Effective risk communication as a factor in managing protests attitudes in a local community“. Baltic Region 12, Nr. 2 (2020): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-2-5.

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Contemporary research into the perception of environmental risks suffers from poor knowledge of risk communication in the local community and of how different ways of risk communication affect protest attitudes. This study aims to clarify communication strategies and practices used by members of local communities as a protest response to environmental threats. The work builds on the cultural theory developed by Douglas, Dake, Bremen, and others. This theory distinguishes between several cultural types (hierarchism, individualism, communitarianism, and egalitarianism), which differ in how environmental risks are perceived and what forms risk communication takes. The study investigates the case of the village of Nivenskoe in Russia’s Kaliningrad region where residents opposed the development of a potassium salt deposit. It is concluded that egalitarians and communitarians are more likely than hierarchists and individualists to participate in protests when a serious environmental threat arises. Respondents of all cultural types tend to trust information coming from their close social network, public figures, and environmentalists whereas people of business are trusted the least.

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Zabel, Christine. „The History and Theory of Risk“. Eighteenth-Century Life 42, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-6988784.

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Karki, Tej Bahadur, und Ritu Prasad Gartoulla. „Application of Structural-Functional Theory in Risk of HIV Transmission“. Journal of Advanced Academic Research 2, Nr. 1 (11.02.2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v2i1.16600.

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The study was conducted with the purpose to explore the interrelationship and interdependency between the individual and whole social systems that effects on HIV transmission during the time of social changes and transformation. The concept of structural functional theory was adopted to conduct this study. Phenomenological approach was applied to explore the experiences of risk behavior of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) transmission among the respondents working in Kathmandu valley (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktpur districts). This Research was based on exploratory research design and simple random technique was used to select the respondents. The Study was conducted in Kathmandu valley among garment factory workers, brick factory workers, transport workers and health workers. Individual factors, socio-cultural factors, economic factors, educational factors and political factors are found as a functional unit of society which functions to influence the risk of HIV transmission in whole social structure. So, the finding is individual should be aware on the negative function of factors which can influence to increase the risk of HIV transmission. Cultural practices should be open to discuss about the risk behavior of people regarding their connection with HIV transmission.

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Rhee, Mooweon, Valerie Alexandra und K. Skylar Powell. „Individualism-collectivism cultural differences in performance feedback theory“. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 27, Nr. 3 (17.06.2020): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-05-2019-0100.

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PurposePerformance feedback theory (PFT) has informed analyses in numerous national contexts and has been used to explain various business and management activities of firms. Stemming from behavioral theory and grounded in a cognitive perspective, which views organizational actions as being the results of decisions produced by groups of individual decision-makers, PFT research has mostly assumed the universal nature of cognition and decision-making processes. However, PFT also presumes that individual decision-makers bring with them different backgrounds and experiences. Hence, this paper offers propositions on how cultural differences in individualism-collectivism influence the major components of PFT, including the formation and revision of performance goals (aspiration levels), and search behaviors and risk preferences in response to gaps between goals and actual performance. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers theoretical propositions for the above purpose.FindingsThis is not an empirical analysis.Originality/valueBy integrating the individualism-collectivism differences framework into the PFT model, the authors answer previous calls to integrate concepts and frameworks from other theories into PFT while considering the role of cultural differences in aspiration-consequence relationships. Additionally, much of PFT research has focused on outcomes, while actual internal processes have remained unobserved. By focusing on how cultural differences influence various PFT processes, this conceptual analysis sheds light on the unobserved bounds of decision-makers' cognitions.

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NARA, YUMIKO. „A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON RISK, UNCERTAINTY, AND INFORMATION“. New Mathematics and Natural Computation 06, Nr. 02 (Juli 2010): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005710001645.

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In this paper, the author aims to examine the differences in perception concerning the anxiety toward the risk among three countries — Japan, the United States of America and China. The anxiety, in this case, is triggered by uncertainty. This paper also intends to clarify the effect of information to improve people's risk management targeted on the respondents of the Chinese population focusing on earthquake disasters. The social survey using questionnaire has been carried out in order to obtain the needed quantitative data for my research project. It is interesting to conclude that both respondents in China and in the United States tend to accept the impact of uncertainty better. They have shown somewhat lower level of anxiety toward nineteen items of the risks as compared with that of the Japanese respondents. The significant effects on information designed as a part of the risk management action plan as well as the living sufficiency safeguard are clearly observed.

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Blood, R. Warwick, Jordan Williams und Kerry McCallum. „Representations of Public Risk: Illegal Drugs in the Australian Press“. Media International Australia 108, Nr. 1 (August 2003): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310800110.

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The paper draws upon recent research investigating news frames, and risk theory to analyse Australian national news coverage of illegal drugs. Recent research has elaborated how risks are socially defined and acted upon, especially given changing media representations of risks. Public understandings of the risks associated with illegal drug use, policing and policies develop through the continuing and often changing representations of these risks in the media, as well as through other social practices. This paper questions the role of some prominent newspapers in setting alarmist and sensational frames to define risk in this context, and demonstrates how journalism can heighten community fear.

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Kahan, Dan M., und Donald Braman. „Caught in the Crossfire: A Defense of the Cultural Theory of Gun-Risk Perceptions“. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 151, Nr. 4 (April 2003): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3312936.

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Ray, Rosalie Singerman. „Review: The Risk of Regional Governance: Cultural Theory and Interlocal Cooperation by Thomas Skuzinski“. Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, Nr. 4 (28.01.2019): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x19826279.

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Douglas, Mary, und Marcel Calvez. „The Self as Risk Taker: A Cultural Theory of Contagion in Relation to AIDS“. Sociological Review 38, Nr. 3 (August 1990): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1990.tb00919.x.

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Ng, Reuben, und Steve Rayner. „Integrating psychometric and cultural theory approaches to formulate an alternative measure of risk perception“. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 23, Nr. 2 (Juni 2010): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2010.512439.

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Steg, Linda, und Inge Sievers. „Cultural Theory and Individual Perceptions of Environmental Risks“. Environment and Behavior 32, Nr. 2 (März 2000): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00139160021972513.

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Goetz, Aaron T., und Todd K. Shackelford. „Sperm competition theory offers additional insight into cultural variation in sexual behavior“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, Nr. 2 (April 2005): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0532005x.

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Schmitt recognized that research is needed to identify other factors associated with sex ratio and with sociosexuality that may explain cross-cultural variation in sexual behavior. One such factor may be the risk of sperm competition. Sperm competition theory may lead us to a more complete explanation of cultural variation in sexual behavior.

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Pyatakova, Ksenia. „The theory of Emotional Intelligence as the Basis of Risk Management“. Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal 9, Nr. 3 (28.09.2017): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/2078-3809-2017-9-3-46-67.

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Regardless of the type and size of the organization, they are confronted with both external and internal factors as well as impacts which create uncertainty in regards to achieving certain goals. The risk management of the company is determined by both how well risks are perceived and the intra-organizational interaction of workers under the influence of cultural values that may affect perceptions and attitudes towards risk management. Being an important element of the corporate governance system of any company, effective risk management allows for the acceleration of the decision-making process. The growth of competition during the unstable economic situation in the world takes a special character, which forces the company to look for new opportunities to optimize the risk management process and to offer its own ways of improving the performance of the company. Emotional intelligence can become a promising tool for developing a risk culture, primarily in those areas of business where the human factor plays a great role. The application of international standards and best practices in light of emotional intelligence will increase the company's stability in the market and achieve its goals.

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Causadias, José M., und Dante Cicchetti. „Cultural development and psychopathology“. Development and Psychopathology 30, Nr. 5 (19.11.2018): 1549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001220.

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AbstractCulture plays a pivotal role in adaptive and maladaptive development. However, culture remains disconnected from theory, research, training, assessment, and interventions in developmental psychopathology, limiting our understanding of the genesis and epigenesis of mental health. Cultural development and psychopathology research can help overcome this limitation by focusing on the elucidation of cultural risk, protective, and promotive factors, at the individual and social levels, that initiate, derail, or maintain trajectories of normal and abnormal behavior. The goal of this Special Issue is to showcase research on the association between culture, development, and psychopathology that investigates equifinality and multifinality in cultural development, the interplay between culture and biology, cultural assessment and interventions, and cultural differences and similarities.

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Borzutzky, Daniel. „Systemic Risk“. Critical Quarterly 62, Nr. 1 (April 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/criq.12524.

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Mayer, Sylvia. „Environmental Risk Fiction and Ecocriticism“. Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 11, Nr. 2 (30.09.2020): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3534.

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Ecocriticism has been at the forefront of introducing risk theory and risk research to literary and cultural studies. The essay surveys this more recent trend in ecocritical scholarship, which began with the new millennium and has focused on the participation of fictional texts in various environmental risk discourses. The study of risk fiction draws our attention to cultural moments of uncertainty, threat, and instability, to risk scenarios both local and planetary—not least the risk scenarios of the Anthropocene in which species consciousness and ‘planetariness’ have become central issues. The essay reviews how key publications have shed light on the cultural and literary historical relevance of environmental risk and on various issues that are central to ecocriticism. It points out how they have sharpened our sense of both the spatial and temporal dimensions of environmental risk and environmental crisis, introduced new categories of ecocritical analysis, contributed to clarifying some of the field’s major conceptual premises, and added a new approach to genre discussions, in particular relating to fiction engaging with global anthropogenic climate change.

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TURNER, LAUREN A., und A. J. ANGULO. „Risky Business: An Integrated Institutional Theory for Understanding High-Risk Decision Making in Higher Education“. Harvard Educational Review 88, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-88.1.53.

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Lauren A. Turner and A. J. Angulo explore how institutional theory can be applied to explain variance in higher education organizational strategies. Given strong regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive pressures to conform, they ask, why do some colleges engage in high-risk decision making? To answer this, they bring together classic and contemporary approaches to institutional theory and propose an integrated model for understanding outlier higher education strategies. The integrated model offers a heuristic for analyzing external and internal pressures that motivate colleges to implement nontraditional strategies. Through an analysis of recent trends among outlier colleges and their approaches to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Turner and Angulo contextualize the model and consider its potential for understanding why higher education organizations adopt characteristics that differentiate them from their peers.

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Lazrus, Heather. „Risk Perception and Climate Adaptation in Tuvalu: A Combined Cultural Theory and Traditional Knowledge Approach“. Human Organization 74, Nr. 1 (April 2015): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.74.1.q0667716284749m8.

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Marris, Claire, Ian H. Langford und Timothy O'Riordan. „A Quantitative Test of the Cultural Theory of Risk Perceptions: Comparison with the Psychometric Paradigm“. Risk Analysis 18, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1998): 635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb00376.x.

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Sj berg, L. „A Discussion of the Limitations of the Psychometric and Cultural Theory Approaches to Risk Perception“. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 68, Nr. 3 (01.12.1996): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031868.

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Plotkin, Henry. „Human nature, cultural diversity and evolutionary theory“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, Nr. 1563 (12.02.2011): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0160.

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Incorporating culture into an expanded theory of evolution will provide the foundation for a universal account of human diversity. Two requirements must be met. The first is to see learning as an extension of the processes of evolution. The second is to understand that there are specific components of human culture, viz. higher order knowledge structures and social constructions, which give rise to culture as invented knowledge. These components, which are products of psychological processes and mechanisms, make human culture different from the forms of shared knowledge observed in other species. One serious difficulty for such an expanded theory is that social constructions may not add to the fitness of all humans exposed to them. This may be because human culture has existed for only a relatively short time in evolutionary terms. Or it may be that, as some maintain, adaptation is a limited, even a flawed, aspect of evolutionary theory.

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Santander Cjuno, Clary Diana. „GESTIÓN DE RIESGOS DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL: ALCANCES PARA EL PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO INMUEBLE“. Devenir - Revista de estudios sobre patrimonio edificado 4, Nr. 7 (18.01.2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/devenir.v4i7.140.

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El presente artículo relaciona conceptos básicos de la gestión de patrimonio y la gestión de ries- gos del patrimonio cultural (GRPC). Para abordar este tema se parte por delinear ciertos conceptos cruciales sobre patrimonio cultural, pues la teoría formulada al respecto es dinámica, cambiante y resulta de gran importancia para la sociedad actual. Para abordar la temática central se han utiliza- do conceptos vinculados con los riesgos, el patrimonio cultural y su gestión, para posteriormente integrarlos con mayor detalle al enfoque aquí abordado. Finalmente, se han incluido los aspectos más relevantes de la metodología desarrollada por el Instituto Canadiense de Conservación (CCI), el Centro Internacional de Estudios para la Conservación y la Restauración de los Bienes Culturales (ICCROM), y la Agencia de los Países Bajos para el Patrimonio Cultural (RCE). La gestión de riesgo abarca la evaluación, análisis, propuestas, planes y otros aspectos vinculados a la práctica de una organización pública/privada, con el objetivo de minimizar el riesgo en el momento de la toma de decisiones sobre la gestión del patrimonio cultural. Palabras clave.-Gestión de riesgos, patrimonio cultural, patrimonio histórico inmueble. ABSTRACTThis article connects basic concepts to heritage management and risk management of cultural heri- tage. Thus, to tackle this subject, it starts with a picture of the concepts of cultural heritage, since the theory about it is dynamic, changing, and very important for contemporary society. In order to ad- dress the central topic, concepts related to risks, cultural heritage and their management have been employed, to then integrate them with greater detail to the approach studied here. Finally, the most relevant aspects of the methodology developed by the Canadian Conservation Institute (ICC), the International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) and the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) have been included. Risk management encompasses the evaluation, analysis, proposals, plans and other aspects related to the practice of a public/private organization in order to minimize risk when decision making about cultural heritage management occurs. Keywords.-Risk management, cultural heritage, historical heritage assets.

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Peter, Sophie. „Integrating Key Insights of Sociological Risk Theory into the Ecosystem Services Framework“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 16 (10.08.2020): 6437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166437.

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Environmental risks give urgency to the need to understand the society–nature relationship. While the ecosystem services (ES) framework allows analysis of interrelationships between biophysical supply and human demand for natural resources, further research is needed to understand what drives societal demand for ES. Here, I explore how incorporation of the key sociological theories of risk (systems theory, ‘world risk society’, and cultural theory of risk) can advance this understanding. By examining these theories, the following key insights were identified: (1) A deeper understanding of societal structures and risk perception helps to understand culturally driven patterns of ES demand; (2) sociological ES research must use inter- and transdisciplinary methods to understand the drivers of ES demand and risk perception. It must also link this understanding to the natural sciences’ knowledge of the drivers of ES supply if it is to identify new instruments of environmental governance; (3) while anthropocentric in character, the ES framework, especially one that is modified by the concept of risk, enables society to reflect on its role as a proactive part of a social–ecological system, rather than a passive victim of nature’s whims. This change in perspective may prove to be a key step in achieving sustainable development.

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Zheng, Changjun, Konan Richard Kouadio und Bienmali Kombate. „The United States and China Financial Communication and the Notion of Risk“. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, Nr. 4 (26.03.2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040143.

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The close relationship between governments and their central banks generates risks for both partners. This paper presents an original qualitative empirical approach based on textual analysis of the United States of America, China, and their Central Banks’ respective communications. These financial communications are the subject of comparison through a textual analysis to determine these actors’ positions in the “cultural theory” and, more widely, the sociology of risk. The risk profiles identified of the United States of America Federal government and the People’s Bank of China do not necessarily correspond to their legal status and economic role. These results also shed light on the fact that the cultural background cannot be separated from the risk perception in these countries. However, an eye needs to be kept on the geopolitics and securities risk factors that can influence the global economy’s evolution.

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Yen, Y. N., C. F. Cheng und H. M. Cheng. „Disaster Risk Management and Measurement Indicators for Cultural Heritage in Taiwan“. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-5/W3 (12.08.2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w3-383-2015.

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Under the influence of global climate change, the risk preparedness has become a universal issue in different research fields. In the conservation of cultural heritage, disaster risk management is becoming one of the major research topics. Besides researches on the theory and mechanism of disaster risk management, the tools for the performance of site managers to protect cultural heritage is another important issue that needs development. <br><br> UNESCO and ICOMOS have released some important documents on disaster risk management including its concept, identification, evaluation, mitigation, monitoring and resilience, etc. However, there is a big gap between concept and implementation in Taiwan. Presently there are 2000 monuments in Taiwan that hardly meet the modern code. First, based on international documents released, this research presents 13 disaster indicators on monuments and their environments. Next, 345 monuments in northern Taiwan are taken as examples to evaluate their risk situations with indicators designed in 2011. Some positive recommendations were given at the same time. As a result, a comparative evaluation was completed in 2012 and some key issues are found, such as too many electrical facilities, lack of efficient firefighting equipment, and a shortage of management mechanism, just to name a few. Through the improvement of the management, some major risk can be mitigated. <br><br> In 2013~14, this research took 23 national monuments from the 345 monuments to evaluate their risk situations and compare the differences between national and local monuments. Results show that almost all management mechanisms in the national monuments have been established and are running well. However, problems like inappropriate electrical facilities and insufficient monitoring equipment remain. In addition, the performance of private monuments is not as good as public ones. Based on the collected information and evaluation, this research develops safety measures of heritage conservation in two aspects. One is for researchers to measure the risk of the heritage; the other is for site managers to manage the risk of their monument with ease. In conclusion, intendants of monuments in Taiwan have to develop more disaster risk management ideas to mitigate and prevent risks. In the meantime, the management and monitoring mechanisms available are helpful tools for risk mitigation. The awareness and training of the site managers are important issues for the implementation of risk prevention.

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Read, Dwight, und Claes Andersson. „Cultural complexity and complexity evolution“. Adaptive Behavior 28, Nr. 5 (20.01.2019): 329–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712318822298.

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We review issues stemming from current models regarding the drivers of cultural complexity and cultural evolution. We disagree with the implication of the treadmill model, based on dual-inheritance theory, that population size is the driver of cultural complexity. The treadmill model reduces the evolution of artifact complexity, measured by the number of parts, to the statistical fact that individuals with high skills are more likely to be found in a larger population than in a smaller population. However, for the treadmill model to operate as claimed, implausibly high skill levels must be assumed. Contrary to the treadmill model, the risk hypothesis for the complexity of artifacts relates the number of parts to increased functional efficiency of implements. Empirically, all data on hunter-gatherer artifact complexity support the risk hypothesis and reject the treadmill model. Still, there are conditions under which increased technological complexity relates to increased population size, but the dependency does not occur in the manner expressed in the treadmill model. Instead, it relates to population size when the support system for the technology requires a large population size. If anything, anthropology and ecology suggest that cultural complexity generates high population density rather than the other way around.

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Palich, Leslie E. „THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL RELATEDNESS ON FIRM RISK AND RETURN: AN EXPANDED THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION.“ Academy of Management Proceedings 1994, Nr. 1 (August 1994): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1994.10341836.

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