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Keeney, Annie J., Amy Quandt, Daniela Flores und Luis Flores. „Work-Life Stress during the Coronavirus Pandemic among Latina Farmworkers in a Rural California Region“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 8 (18.04.2022): 4928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084928.
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Objectives: To examine the type and severity of stressors experienced among Latina farmworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A survey containing the Migrant Farmworker Stress Inventory was administered to 77 female-identifying Latina farmworkers working in a US–Mexico border region. A sub-sample of five participants participated in key-informant interviews. Data collection occurred in Summer 2021. Results: Nearly 40% of Latina farmworkers reported high stress levels indicative of clinical mental health risks. Health and safety concerns and experienced stressors identified included visible substance abuse and poor bathroom conditions at the field site, language barriers, and balancing work and home life demands. Conclusions: Latina farmworkers have unique health and safety needs, and COVID-19 has contributed to the experienced stressors. Understanding the familial and working environment sources of stress specific to female agriculture workers is imperative to implementing culturally and gender-responsive strategies to better support the health and safety of farming populations in future pandemics.
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Diaz, John, Cecilia Suarez und Laura Valencia. „Culturally Responsive Teaching: A Framework for Educating Diverse Audiences“. EDIS 2019, Nr. 5 (18.10.2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc341-2019.
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As the diversity of Extension clientele continues to grow, it is important for Extension educators to consider new ways of supporting this population. The purpose of this new 5-page article is to provide a framework for educating diverse audiences to assist in helping these audiences attain the learning outcomes of Extension education programs. This includes: (1) acquiring a knowledge base of diverse cultures, (2) designing or utilizing culturally relevant curricula, (3) utilizing cultural caring and developing a learning community, (4) practicing intercultural communications, and (5) establishing cultural congruity in classroom instruction. Written by John Diaz, Cecilia Suarez, and Laura Valencia and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc341
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Gremmen, Bart, Vincent Blok und Bernice Bovenkerk. „Responsible Innovation for Life: Five Challenges Agriculture Offers for Responsible Innovation in Agriculture and Food, and the Necessity of an Ethics of Innovation“. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32, Nr. 5-6 (18.10.2019): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09808-w.
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Abstract In this special issue we will investigate, from the perspective of agricultural ethics (e.g. animal welfare, agricultural and food ethics, environmental ethics etc.) the potential to develop a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach to agriculture, and the limitations to such an enterprise. RRI is an emerging field in the European research and innovation (R&I) policy context that aims to balance economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects in innovation processes. Because technological innovations can contribute significantly to the solution of societal challenges like climate change or food security, but can also have negative societal consequences, it is assumed that social and ethical aspects should be considered during the R&I process. For this reason, the emerging concept of RRI calls for ethical reflection on the nature, scope and applicability of responsibility and innovation in innovation practices in general, and the way social–ethical issues can be applied and addressed in agriculture.
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Devkota, Rachana, Laxmi Prasad Pant, Hom Nath Gartaula, Kirit Patel, Devendra Gauchan, Helen Hambly-Odame, Balaram Thapa und Manish N. Raizada. „Responsible Agricultural Mechanization Innovation for the Sustainable Development of Nepal’s Hillside Farming System“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 1 (02.01.2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010374.
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Agricultural mechanization in developing countries has taken at least two contested innovation pathways—the “incumbent trajectory” that promotes industrial agriculture, and an “alternative pathway” that supports small-scale mechanization for sustainable development of hillside farming systems. Although both pathways can potentially reduce human and animal drudgery, the body of literature that assesses the sustainability impacts of these mechanization pathways in the local ecological, socio-economic, cultural, and historical contexts of hillside farms is either nonexistent or under-theorized. This paper addresses this missing literature by examining the case of Nepal’s first Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Policy 2014 (AMPP) using a conceptual framework of what will be defined as “responsible innovation”. The historical context of this assessment involves the incumbent trajectory of mechanization in the country since the late 1960s that neglected smallholder farms located in the hills and mountains and biased mechanization policy for flat areas only. Findings from this study suggest that the AMPP addressed issues for smallholder production, including gender inequality, exclusion of smallholder farmers, and biophysical challenges associated with hillside farming systems, but it remains unclear whether and how the policy promotes small-scale agricultural mechanization for sustainable development of agriculture in the hills and mountains of Nepal.
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Stasytytė, Viktorija, und Viktorija Dužinskytė. „AGRICULTURE SECTOR RISK MANAGEMENT / ŽEMĖS ŪKIO SEKTORIAUS RIZIKOS VALDYMAS“. Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, Nr. 2 (08.06.2016): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.901.
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Agriculture sector is characterized by a particular specificity that is not considered in other fields and because of that agriculture sector is defined as highly risky sector. Response to risk is still very im-portant and responsible activity in this field. According to this, the process and applied strategies of risk management make and ensure that the sector activity and operations are more stable and effective. The aim of the article reflects the need to distinguish the most appropriate agricultural risk management tools in order to manage agricultural risks as effectively as possible. In the article the agricultural risk management tools are distinguished and after that the advantages and disadvantages of it are presented and the possibilities of mentioned tools are analyzed. Using agricultural risk management tools, the important interactions between agri-cultural risks and risks management instruments are discovered. The aim of the article is reflected by studied conception of risk and agricultural risk types, explored risks sources and specificity of agriculture sector. Žemės ūkio sektorius išsiskiria iš kitų sričių tam tikrais požymiais, dėl kurių yra laikomas padidintos rizikos sritimi. Atsakas į riziką išlieka gana svarbus ir atsakingas veiksmas, užtikrinantis stabilią bei efektyvią sektoriaus veiklą. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikus ir išanalizavus rizikos rūšis, su kuriomis žemės ūkio sektoriuje susiduriama dažniausiai ir kurių įtaka šiam sektoriui yra didžiausia, pateikti galimus rizikos valdymo būdus sektoriaus patiriamoms rizikoms mažinti. Norint pasiekti tikslą, yra analizuojamos žemės ūkio sektoriaus rizikos ir jų rūšys, kilmė, žemės ūkio sektoriaus ypatumai. Darbe yra pristatoma nemažai žemės ūkio sektoriaus rizikų valdymo instrumentų, įvardijami pagrindiniai jų privalumai ir trūkumai.
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Sala, L., und R. Mujeriego. „Cultural eutrophication control through water reuse“. Water Science and Technology 43, Nr. 10 (01.05.2001): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0595.
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The increasing use of mineral fertilisers over the last decades has contributed to the appearance of numerous cases of water eutrophication, a new form of water pollution. The starting point of eutrophication is the increase of nutrient concentration (nitrogen and phosphorus) in a water mass, which is subsequently followed by an uncontrolled growth of primary producers and episodes of oxygen depletion due to microbial decomposition of algal organic matter. The excess nutrient loads reaching surface waters are usually associated to discharges from anthropogenic activities, which normally involve direct water usage instead of reuse of reclaimed effluents. Agriculture activities and livestock breeding are two of the main nutrient sources responsible for water eutrophication, as well as human - urban and industrial - wastewater discharges. Wastewater reclamation and reuse can be a suitable strategy for preserving the quality of natural waters, by suppressing effluent discharges and the associated nutrient contributions to receiving waters. Reuse of reclaimed water for agricultural and landscape irrigation as well as for environmental enhancement offers an adequate strategy for preserving natural water systems from eutrophication.
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Skokanová, Hana, Vladimír Falťan und Marek Havlíček. „Driving forces of main landscape change processes from past 200 years in Central Europe - differences between old democratic and post-socialist countries“. Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, Nr. 1 (01.03.2016): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0004.
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Abstract The article compares and points out differences in driving forces of four main landscape change processes that shaped post-socialist countries and old democratic countries of Central Europe during the last two centuries. Studying landscape change processes and corresponding driving forces helps in understanding patterns of present landscape and can help among others in better prediction of future landscape change trends. Here, the presented results are based on review of scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2014. Driving forces affecting these processes were grouped into four categories. Economic forces drove mainly agricultural intensification; agricultural land abandonment and urbanisation and were pronounced especially in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. Technological driving forces affected agricultural intensification especially in the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century while cultural driving forces had the biggest impact on urbanisation at the beginning of the 21st century. Political driving forces affected agricultural intensification, urbanisation as well as agricultural land abandonment and were pronounced mainly during the second half of the 20th century in the post-socialist countries. Political forces in the form of subsidies drove agricultural extensification at the beginning of the 21st century. The drivers for the agricultural intensification as well as urbanisation seem to be similar for both old democratic and post-socialist countries. In contrast, agricultural land abandonment in the old democratic countries was driven by technological, cultural and economic driving forces while in the post-socialist countries the political driving forces were mainly responsible. Changes in systems for subsidies and changes in the agricultural commodity markets are also responsible for different frequencies and rates of extensification of agriculture between the two groups of countries.
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Morakar, Prakash R., C. P. Hiremath und D. M. Jakati. „Impact of Climate Change-Induced Rainfall on the Agriculture Pattern of Goa – A Geographical Perspective“. Journal of Climate Change 9, Nr. 1 (13.03.2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcc230002.
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“Climate change poses a roadblock. The number of droughts increasing year after year. Climate change is not only affecting farmers, government officials, politicians, and lawmakers but also every citizen of the country. Many famous academicians are also opining that the recent onion and tomato crisis is an example of the challenge from climatic change”. Goa is a tiny emerald land situated well on the west coast of India. Apart from Mining, Tourism, and Fishing, Agriculture is one of the major occupations; it plays a crucial role in the economy of the State. The above-said occupations provided the main livelihood to rural, urban, and coastal populations. According to FAO (2018), the share of the agricultural population in the study area is less than 32% among the working population and accounts for just 16% of the GDP. The statistical data for the agricultural scenario in Goa is indicating that traditional agriculture is declining concerning the area as well as production. Though agriculture is the backbone of the State’s economy, which provides a source of livelihood to the majority of Goan people, it is now rapidly declining due to physical as well as cultural factors. Researchers clearly say that, global warming is also one such factor, which is responsible for the reduction in agricultural pursuits. The present study discusses the trends, growth, and impact of global warming and climate change on agriculture patterns in Goa. Farmers, academicians, scientists, and politicians of the State think that there is an impact of climate change and global warming on Goan agriculture. The study further revealed that there is a reduction in area under staple crops, and most significantly yield/productivity is also declining (Economic Survey, 2020-21). Given global warming and climate change, coastal plains are exhibiting various problems like floods and landslides. Government officials have already revealed that the land-use pattern has already taken place in the study area, and a lot of damage has taken place concerning forests and mangroves. These are the main concern for our study to know the agricultural activities in Goa are largely impacted by global warming and climatic changes. Hence, all the hypotheses quoted tested positive.
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Kazimee, B. A. „Representation of vernacular architecture and lessons for sustainable and culturally responsive environment“. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 4, Nr. 4 (19.03.2010): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dne-v4-n4-337-350.
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El Bilali, Hamid. „Innovation-Sustainability Nexus in Agriculture Transition: Case of Agroecology“. Open Agriculture 4, Nr. 1 (12.02.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0001.
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AbstractDifferent governments and international organizations have shown interest in agroecology as a promising pathway for transition to sustainable agriculture. However, the kinds of innovation needed for agro-ecological transition are subject to intense debate. The scale of this debate is itself an indicator of the complicated relation between innovation and sustainability in the agro-food arena and beyond. This review paper analyses the potential of agro-ecology in agricultural sustainability transitions. It also explores whether agro-ecological transition is a sustainable innovation (cf. ecological, green, open, social, responsible). Furthermore, the paper investigates the potential contribution of agro-ecological transition to sustainability, using the 3-D (Direction, Distribution and Diversity) model of the STEPS centre. Agroecology is one of the few approaches that can harmoniously combine innovation and sustainability in agriculture while promoting genuine transition to agro-food sustainability since it embraces all dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social/cultural/ethical). Nevertheless, it can be taken for granted neither that all traditional practices can be classified as ‘agro-ecological’ nor that all farmer-led innovations can be included in the agro-ecological repertoire. Moreover, the relationship between the three aspirations of agroecology (science, movement and practice) needs further elaboration in order to maximise potential for agriculture transition.
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Badhai, Sirpat, und Aman Kumar Gupta. „ECOLOGICAL/CULTURAL MEASURES OF WEED MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE“. JOURNAL OF WASTES AND BIOMASS MANAGEMENT 3, Nr. 2 (01.04.2021): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.02.2021.41.43.
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The weed is a plant that grows where it is undesired or in its place. Weeds are unwanted plants that are not known to be economically important. Weeds are plants that are unwanted in a given situation and may be dangerous, harmful or economically detrimental. Weeds have serious problems when it comes to agricultural production. It is estimated that weeds generally cause a 25% loss of agricultural production in the least developed countries, a 10% loss in the least developed countries and a 5% loss in most developed countries. Weeds loses are depend upon location, crop and types of soil. The study found that potential yield losses were significant for soybeans (50-76%) and peanuts (45-71%). Largest variability in potential yield losses were observed among locations in case of direct seeded rice (15-66%) & maize (18-65%). In similar cases weeds are reduced 66% yield of Chilly and the loss of N through weeds is about 150 kg per ha. Weeds losses alone in 10 major crops of India viz transplanted rice (13.8%), wheat (18.6%), direct-seeded rice (21.4%), mustard (21.4%), sesame (23.7%), sorghum (25.1%), maize (25.3%), Pearlmillet (27.6%), Greengram (30.8%), soybean (31.4%) and groundnut (35.8%). Weed control practices are extremely important to Indian agricultural production. Many more tools and practices are adopted for crop protection q like crop species, crop variety/cultivars, sowing of crop (time, rate of sowing, row spacing and method), crop rotation, trap and catch crops, cropping practice, irrigation time & method are suitable practices under cultural/ecological measures of weed management. Cropping practices are also known as environmentally responsible weed management practices. Environmentally sound weed management methods are chemical-free and weed management tools-free.
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Senthilvalavan P., M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan, R. Manivannan, C. Ravikumar, M. Lalitha, U. Surendran und Pritpal Singh. „Carbon Sequestration in Low Land Paddy Soils: Effect of Certain Cultural and Nutrient Management Practices: A Review“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 10 (13.09.2023): 3170–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102986.
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Carbon(C) is the only key to running in this worldly life and without carbon, nothing can be ensured, but the amount and form of C in different spheres of the earth make numerous changes. Changes in the carbon levels cause the lives of all living things. Soil carbon flux directly or indirectly affects the global climate and thus agriculture productivity. To ensuring the human rations, protection is intended for the rising populace worldwide, where the critical challenges in the agriculture sector are inevitable. Improved soil and nutrient supervisions and cultural practices are very imperative to tackling these troubles. Augmenting the productivity of various agro-ecosystems, soil productiveness, and carbon accretion via certain approaches become a must concern towards sustainable food production. “Paddy soils form the huge area of artificial swamplands on the earth, and serves as food basket for the world population also responsible for sequestering soil organic carbon potentially”. Rice accounts for around 9-10 % of the total cropland area globally, and their environmental conditions are responsible for storing organic carbon in soil, methane (CH4) production, and emit nitrous oxide (N2O) in meager amount. The present review signifies the present and future potential agricultural management practices, particularly soil and plant nutrition and their effects on soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) and carbon sequestration (CS) by paddies grown under submerged conditions compared to other crops. Increasing carbon inputs and reducing SOC losses in low land paddy soils need attention as its concern with GHGs that implies direct causes of global climate. As future direction, life-cycle assessments of certain practices in low land paddy soils helps in assessing the carbon footprints and sustaining the crop productivity consequently mitigating climate change. With this view, this review study was taken to the life of carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem and its accumulation in low land paddy soils moderated by cultural and nutrient management practices adapted for rice production in low lands.
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Mikhailova, R. V., V. G. Semenov, A. S. Tikhonov, A. E. Makushev, K. V. Fadeeva, O. N. Fedorova, M. A. Pronin, M. I. Ivleva und A. S. Kornilova. „Agrotourism as a form of culturally civilized and civilizational human attitude to nature“. Agrarian science 1, Nr. 11 (19.01.2023): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-364-11-200-206.
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Relevance. Agrotourism is an actively developing sector in the system of modern tourism. Its development requires an in-depth study of the problems associated with it. Agrotourism as a form of man's relationship to nature in the cultural aspect is focused on the development of man as a person (as an object and subject). In the civilized aspect, it contributes to the implementation of a responsible attitude of man to nature based on the principle of utility. Agrotourism contains the potential for bringing peoples and countries closer together in the context of the interaction between East-West civilizational centers. The paper considers its existing regional, national models (Japan, China, Italy, Russia) of agricultural ways of life.Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the principles of concreteness of truth, consistency; philosophical and anthropological analysis; activity and comparative approaches. Information from geography, history, ethnography, literature, economics, agriculture and tourism management was used as empirical material.Results. It has been established that agrotourist 1) satisfies broad cognitive needs to get acquainted with the life of the local population (“ordinary” people) — living and “working on the land”, with its agrarian anthropocenosis / agrarian way of life; 2) develops the ability to understand and make adequate natural decisions in certain, including difficult situations; 3) satisfies the need for deep, competent interaction with nature; 4) satisfies the need to rest, return to the natural way of life/rhythm of life. As a result of such a journey, a person's sense of "one's" place in life and profession is actualized, and with it the sense of the Motherland. As a result, through the transformation of the self-image of one's own everyday life, a person grows psychologically and enriches himself spiritually.
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Phillips, Charlotte C., und Helen G. Hammond. „Cultural Competency“. International Journal of Responsible Leadership and Ethical Decision-Making 5, Nr. 1 (03.02.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrledm.317139.
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To remain culturally competent is an essential role requirement of administrators, curriculum developers, faculty, and students who drive the mission, value, and goals at academic institutions. Their scope of influence and efficacy is thus enabled through leadership appropriateness and skill. As leadership theory remains constant in the face of an ever-changing higher education landscape, leaders have the opportunity to utilize culturally competent best practices gathered throughout education and career to solve problems and meet the needs of diverse student populations. Furthermore, students are dependent on such competencies as they are likely to model their leaders as they assume leadership roles in their academic and professional environments. The following semi-systematic review offers insight into four leadership styles, charismatic leadership, servant leadership, transformational leadership, and situational leadership. Recommendations grounded in these are included for those responsible for effective cultural competency in academic settings.
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van Noordwijk, Meine, Thuy T. Pham, Beria Leimona, Lalisa A. Duguma, Himlal Baral, Nikhmatul Khasanah, Sonya Dewi und Peter A. Minang. „Carbon footprints, informed consumer decisions and shifts towards responsible agriculture, forestry, and other land uses?“ Carbon Footprints 1, Nr. 1 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cf.2022.02.
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The urgent global reduction of greenhouse gas emissions depends on political commitments to common but differentiated responsibility. Carbon footprints as a metric of attributable emissions reflect individually determined contributions within, and aggregated national contributions between, countries. Footprints per unit product (e.g., of food, feed, fuel, or fiber) require a lifecycle analysis and support individual decisions on consumption and lifestyles. This perspective presents a framework for analysis that connects the various operationalizations and their use in informing consumer and policy decisions. Footprints show geographical variation and are changing as part of political-economic and social-ecological systems. Articulation of footprints may trigger further change. Carbon footprints partially correlate with water and biodiversity footprints as related ecological footprint concepts. The multifunctionality of land use, as a solution pathway, can be reflected in aggregated footprint metrics. Credible footprint metrics can contribute to change but only if political commitments and social-cultural values and responsibilities align.
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Bletzer, Keith V., Alicia Gonzales, Monica Saavedra, Sylvia Partida und Bobbi Ryder. „HIV Prevention Toolkit for Unaccompanied Men Who Perform Agricultural Labor“. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 10, Nr. 1 (01.06.2012): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v10i1.1496.
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Farm workers are vulnerable to irregular employment and job uncertainty. These conditions increase the likelihood they will find themselves in living and working sites where risk for HIV is present. Considering the exacerbated risk for HIV among unaccompanied male agricultural workers, a national non-profit farm worker health training and technical assistance organization planned and developed an HIV prevention-education toolkit to assist migrant and community health centers with HIV education to reach this population of vulnerable male farm workers. This article reviews iterative development of the toolkit in three phases, outlines the process whereby community input grounded the product in ways that were culturally responsive and linguistically appropriate for the target population of male farm workers, explores implications of the project as a national initiative to reduce HIV risks in a sizeable but dispersed community, and briefly describes how the overall project was assessed through community-based strategies.
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Nowak, Czesław. „Dziedzictwo kulinarne i przyrodnicze w zarządzaniu rozwojem turystykiwiejskiej na przykładzie Norwegii“. Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny, Nr. 11 (05.06.2019): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/tirr.2019.11.8.
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Of the OECD countries Norway has the world’s largest Producer and Support Estimate (PSE). Despite this, employment in agriculture has been decreasing for years and the rural population is dwindling. The development of rural tourism contributes to the slowing down of this process by increasing the income of rural households, as well as preserving the traditional landscape, ecological values and cultural heritage, especially culinary heritage. The Ministry of Climate and Environment (Department of Cultural heritage and cultural environment) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food are mainly responsible for managing the development of tourism at the national level. At the local level – thanks to an innovative approach to management – tourism enterprises, wanting to limit the negative impact of high seasonality in this sector of the economy, are engaged in the preparation of not only typical winter sport offers, such as skiing, but also of summer sports. This facilitates the better use of resources such as hotels and restaurants, and also helps to maintain employment levels.
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Sigit, Antarin Prasanthi, und Daryono Daryono. „Securing Agricultural Land Investment Contract: Resolving Salient Agricultural Land Dispute in Indonesia“. Global Legal Review 1, Nr. 1 (01.04.2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/glr.v1i1.2939.
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<p>In 2014, Indonesia introduced a more progressive law to ease foreign investment in plantations. This policy seems to resuscitate the legacy of the plantation during colonial times as a source of state revenue. This law however has not signified the increases in plantation companies. One of the major causes has been an inadequate quality of contracts such as lack of transparency, participation, and coherence. In practice, the plantation contract still utilizes the outdated uniform contract based on the 18<sup>th</sup> century Civil Code adopted from the Dutch Civil Code. These have challenged certainty and enforceability. In line with the liberation of plantations in developing nations, the International Institute for Unification of Private law (UNIDORIT) is drafting the universal guideline for a responsible agricultural land investment contract. The guideline aims at providing the model of a responsible agricultural land investment contract. The model contract considers a broad range of social, political, economic, and cultural aspects to ensure that stakeholders' interests are respected while it also needs to adhere to global issues, such as food security, poverty elevation, and environmental preservation. The article is part of a study attempting to explore the deficiencies of the existing plantation contract and to seek the potential adoption of the UNIDROIT guideline in Indonesia. There are multi-facet challenges to adopt the UNIDROIT guideline as the stakeholders and legal counsel capacity are still limited. Those result in complexity during the agricultural land dispute settlement process in which non-legal factors contribute to its success. This article explores to map the potential issues and to propose a model of more effective agricultural land dispute settlement.</p>
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Fibriansari, Rizeki Dwi, Arista Maisyaroh und Eko Prasetya Widianto. „Ability to Report Emergency at Farmers in the Agriculture Area“. NurseLine Journal 6, Nr. 2 (17.11.2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v6i2.23383.
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Background: Low knowledge and motivation about using personal protective equipment on farmers can cause workplace accidents. Upper limb injuries comprise 67% of all injuries, and the most active parts are fingers (43%). Due to the high number of injuries among farmers, the community needs emergency services where this emergency condition requires immediate health services to reduce mortality and prevent disability.
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect farmers ability to report daily emergencies in the agricultural area of Lumajang.
Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The research respondents were 62 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire consisting of knowledge of injury recognition, management, and emergency events reporting. Data analysis was bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test.
Results: Knowledge of farmers recognizing injuries with good categories as much as 92% (p = 0.042), knowledge of farmers doing injury management as much as 80.6% in good category (p = 0.000), and knowledge of reporting of daily emergency events in agricultural areas as much as 61, 3% is moderate (p = 0.000). Recognizing the causes of injury of farming areas will increase farmers' knowledge in managing injuries to seek assistance in handling victims quickly and accurately with useful reporting techniques.
Conclusion: The ability to report emergency events in the agricultural area is still in an adequate category. We must continuously improve the socialization of standard operational procedures (SOP) regarding effective communication in reporting injury incidents at PSC 119 Lumajang District. Services provided are fast, precise, responsive, and alert to prevent disability and save someone's life from death.
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Mesoudi, Alex, Lei Chang, Keelin Murray und Hui Jing Lu. „Higher frequency of social learning in China than in the West shows cultural variation in the dynamics of cultural evolution“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1798 (07.01.2015): 20142209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2209.
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Cultural evolutionary models have identified a range of conditions under which social learning (copying others) is predicted to be adaptive relative to asocial learning (learning on one's own), particularly in humans where socially learned information can accumulate over successive generations. However, cultural evolution and behavioural economics experiments have consistently shown apparently maladaptive under-utilization of social information in Western populations. Here we provide experimental evidence of cultural variation in people's use of social learning, potentially explaining this mismatch. People in mainland China showed significantly more social learning than British people in an artefact-design task designed to assess the adaptiveness of social information use. People in Hong Kong, and Chinese immigrants in the UK, resembled British people in their social information use, suggesting a recent shift in these groups from social to asocial learning due to exposure to Western culture. Finally, Chinese mainland participants responded less than other participants to increased environmental change within the task. Our results suggest that learning strategies in humans are culturally variable and not genetically fixed, necessitating the study of the ‘social learning of social learning strategies' whereby the dynamics of cultural evolution are responsive to social processes, such as migration, education and globalization.
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Yu Melnyk, T. „Tools for the formation of a “favorable environment” for organic production as a prerequisite for the sustainable development of agriculture in Ukraine“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1254, Nr. 1 (01.10.2023): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1254/1/012124.
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Abstract The significance of protection of environmental components (soil, water, air, biodiversity, landscape) in global aspect directs the development towards sustainable agriculture, and organic production in particular. Organic production as a way of achieving sustainable growth is determined in the three main aspects of sustainable development: economic, social and ecologic sustainability. The conducted in the article analysis of statistical data on the development of domestic market of organic agricultural products shows that organic production in Ukraine is developing at a fast pace and stays one of the priorities for the further development of agro-industrial complex. At the same time, difficult current conditions of functioning of domestic organic enterprises can influence negatively the further development of this sphere, that will result in decrease of organic products export and will have negative impact on food security of other countries. Considering the mentioned, the purpose of the article is the substantiation of tools and measures which will ensure the formation of favorable environment for conducting organic production in the war and post-war periods. With the aim of systematization of the tools for the formation of “favorable environment” for the development of organic agricultural production their study is conducted with further grouping into regulatory and legal, political, stimulating and compensatory, fiscal and restrictive, financial and investment, infrastructural, informational, social and cultural, marketing, and digital. In the course of further research, within each group of tools a specific list of measures that must be implemented to simulate the development of organic agriculture and the circle of subjects responsible for their implementation were determined. It was proven that the formation and implementation of the defined tools and measures should take place at the international, national, regional, and local levels. The content characteristics of each group of tools, which are highlighted in the article, are important guidelines for the formation of effective state social and economic policy and international cooperation development in the conditions of aggravation of influence of global challenges and provide the certain opportunity for definition of ways of their improvement.
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Ejembi, Simon Ameh, und Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa. „EFFECTS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS ON EFFECTIVE AGRICULTURAL TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR FARMERS BY THE BENUE STATE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY IN ZONE C“. Journal of Asian Rural Studies 1, Nr. 1 (05.01.2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v1i1.726.
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Most agricultural innovations were not sustainably adopted due to incompatibility to social and cultural practices. Based on this proposition, this study was designed to analyze the effects of socio-cultural factors on agricultural training programs for farmers by the Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authorities (BNARDA) for farmers in Zone C. Seven communities were purposively selected due to their unique cultural practices and a total of 118 respondents were randomly selected for the study. Questionnaire was used as tool for data collection. Descriptive statistics and logit regression were used for data analysis. The results show that there were 22 % of respondents aged between 50-60 years, 72 % of them were married and about 60 % had at least secondary educational attainment. Annual income of respondents was between ₦80,000.00 - ₦100,000.00. About 72 % had farming experience of less than 10 years, and 31 % were cosmopolites. The result further shows that fear of ostracization was among the major reasons that inhibit training program participations. The results of logit analysis show that education (-3.3987), gender (2.268), rivers/streams (-.732) and leadership (2.150) were significantly affect training program. It was concluded that farmer who have strong cultural beliefs were responsible for non- participation in the training program. It was recommended that aggressive advocacy program be embarked by BNARDA before packaging a training program for the farmers.
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Shrestha, Sajani. „IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND GENDER“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, Nr. 1 (27.01.2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.2859.
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Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is considered the second major cause of biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. They pose a serious threat to different ecosystems of Nepal such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and natural systems. Invasive alien species affect people's livelihoods and human well-being.
Some species are important sources of fuel wood, fodder, timber and food products for local households and communities. Similarly, some species hold cultural, spiritual and recreational significance. In contrast, they also harm livelihoods and increase vulnerability via land encroachment and reduction in mobility or access. In some cases, they also diminish the abundance of natural resources used by households and reduce agricultural production. This results in a loss of their income and increases vulnerability. Furthermore, some invasive species have also negative implications on human health and safety. Likewise, they are responsible for reducing the cultural value of landscapes.
Invasive Alien Species are well-recognized drivers of social-ecological change. Extensive research on invasive species in Nepal has yet to be done. Therefore, the impact of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being is a lesser-known concept. The effect of benefits and costs analysis of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being remains pivotal for policy-making and management. This article is based on the development of a comprehensive national strategy and plan of action to control and manage IAS in Nepal. It discusses the broader aspect and status of IAS in Nepal.
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Sethy, Sujit Kumar, Nabakishor Nongmaithem, Bireswar Sinha, Kh Ibohal Singh, N. Okendro Singh und Munmun Priyadarshini. „Morphological and Cultural Variability among Exserohilum turcicum Isolates Causing Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease of Maize in Manipur“. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, July, 7 (24.07.2023): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3495.
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This present experiment was conducted May–October, 2021 and April–October, 2022) in the Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India to study the different morphological and cultural characterizations of the pathogen, Exserohilum turcicum responsible for causing the Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB)/ Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) disease of maize. A total of 10 accessions were used for this experiment which were collected from different districts of Manipur. Based on the colony colour, they were classified as black, greyish-black and light greyish. Pigmentation was the same, i.e., black for all. Based on sporulation they were categorised as excellent, good and moderate. Different types of growth patterns were also observed from different types of accessions, i.e., flattened, slightly raised fluffy and raised cottony. The margins were recorded as regular and irregular. The range of fresh and dry weight, varied from 12.12 g–5.15 g and 1.61 g–0.82 g, respectively. Among six different types of media used to measure radial colony growth, maize leaf extract was found to be the highest and corn meal agar was the least. The growth rate for up to 7 days was observed and it was found that OQ689065 was considered as fastest-growing among all while, OQ689062 was considered as slowest. As per the length of the conidia, the maximum and minimum length was found to be 91.70 µm and 57.35 µm. Similarly, the maximum and minimum width was found to be 18.01 µm and 11.09 µm. The average septation of 10 accessions varied from 6.4 to 4.3. The statistical analyses performed during this study were found significant.
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Dilley, Luke, Kai Mausch, Mary Crossland und Dave Harris. „What’s the Story on Agriculture? Using Narratives to Understand Farming Households’ Aspirations in Meru, Kenya“. European Journal of Development Research 33, Nr. 4 (15.02.2021): 1091–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41287-021-00361-9.
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AbstractIn the limited research on farming aspirations, little attention has been paid to the narratives which frame and shape them, and the ways in which the aspirations of those who farm intersect with the goals of extension services. Drawing on multimethod research conducted in Meru County, Kenya, we demonstrate how aspirations are not only situated within a consideration of personal circumstances, but are shaped in crucial ways by networks of relations and by the perceived possibilities afforded by material and cultural resources. We further highlight the accounts of state extension agents that link a lack of engagement with the desires and needs of those who farm to the failure of agricultural development initiatives. We argue that an engagement with aspirations opens up a route to understanding the obstacles and potentialities that matter to those who farm and, as such, might enable more responsive development initiatives centred on the perceptions and desires of those who farm.
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Bashar, H. M. Khairul, Abdul Shukor Juraimi, Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani, Md Kamal Uddin, Norhayu Asib, Md Parvez Anwar und Ferdoushi Rahaman. „A Mystic Weed, Parthenium hysterophorus: Threats, Potentials and Management“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 8 (29.07.2021): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081514.
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Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed species that competes aggressively with other plants and is also allelopathic. It poses a significant risk to human health, livestock, the environment, soil, and agriculture. However, given some clinical studies, its potential for antidiabetic, antioxidant, antitumor, herbicidal, pesticidal, and antimalarial therapies should be researched further in attempts to discover more relevant applications. It can be used as a nutrient-dense, readily available, and cheap fertilizer. Parthenium can also be used as an herbicide, an insecticide, and a phyto-remedial mediator to extract metals and dyes from agricultural waste. Here we provide basic information on the morphology, reproduction, environmental impacts, and management of this species. Effects of methanol, ethanol, hexane, acetone, and aqueous (water) Parthenium extracts are described. Because P. hysterophorus is said to be one of the world’s seven worst weeds, some control measures, including mechanical, chemical, cultural, and biological control, are discussed. The allelopathy of this weed is difficult to regulate, and there are both positive and negative interactions between Parthenium and other species due to allelochemical action. Several toxic phenolic compounds produced by P. hysterophorus are responsible for weed suppression, and we discuss details of their mode of action and potential applications.
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Miles, Christopher. „The combine will tell the truth: On precision agriculture and algorithmic rationality“. Big Data & Society 6, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 205395171984944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951719849444.
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Recent technological and methodological changes in farming have led to an emerging set of claims about the role of digital technology in food production. Known as precision agriculture, the integration of digital management and surveillance technologies in farming is normatively presented as a revolutionary transformation. Proponents contend that machine learning, Big Data, and automation will create more accurate, efficient, transparent, and environmentally friendly food production, staving off both food insecurity and ecological ruin. This article contributes a critique of these rhetorical and discursive claims to a growing body of critical literature on precision agriculture. It argues precision agriculture is less a revolution than an evolution, an effort to shore up and intensify the conventional farming system responsible for generating many of the social and environmental problems precision agriculture is presented as solving. While precision agriculture advocates portray it as a radical, even democratic epistemological break with the past, this paper locates truth claims surrounding datafication and algorithmic control in farming within deeper historical contexts of the capitalist rationalization of production and efforts to quantify and automate physical and mental labor. Abjuring the growing cultural tendency to treat algorithmic systems as revolutionary in favor of social and historical dimensions of precision agriculture, can help re-frame the discussion about its design and use around real, socially and ecologically oriented change in farming, and so ensure that the possibilities and benefits of precision agriculture are as evenly and effectively shared as possible.
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Devecchi, Marco. „Production innovation and environmental protection in the management of rural landscapes: the UNESCO vineyard landscapes of Langhe-Roero and Monferrato“. E3S Web of Conferences 119 (2019): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911900014.
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In Italy, the landscape appears more and more as the essential element of a sustainable economic development linked to environmental peculiarities and food excellence. In agriculture, the winning aspect of production is no longer measured, in fact, in merely “organoleptic” terms, but also through the issues of environmental protection and care and careful landscape management, as a cornerstone of quality and typical products. In this regard,production - in a broad sense related to wellbeing and leisure, as well as wine - absolutely needs places identifying it, since its value is intimately connected with the quality of the original rural landscapes. These landscapes - that still today represent an element of strong characterization of the single territorial realities - are those that denote a balanced intervention of man on the natural elements; they are those that offer a clear presence of historical signs and legible links between structure and land use. In recent years, agriculture appears to be increasingly responsible for carrying out a plurality of functions, in addition to the acknowledged traditional ones. The maintenance of the hydrogeological structure, the preservation of landscapes with significanthistorical-cultural values, and the maintenance of biodiversity are all the more important. In this perspective,farmers can certainly contribute to conserving and effectively producing high quality landscapes, through a careful “care” of the land in which they work, so as to maintain and strengthen the characteristics of formal quality and historical identity, by avoiding scrupulously useless compromises. A case study of great interest to verify the concreteness and general applicability of this type of reasoning is represented in Piedmont by the territories of Langhe-Roero and Monferrato, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2014, where there are interesting research and experimentation activities in the fields of agricultural sustainability and territorial planning.
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Hung, Chin-Lien, Tien-Fu Yu, Yun-Hui Lin, Yi-Chien Lin, Yi-Hsuan Chen und Wei-Shuo Lo. „Reflective and Cooperative Learning for Understanding Sustainability through an Eco-Innovation Strategy in Rural Travel and Hospitality: A STEAM Case Study“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 17 (01.09.2023): 13152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713152.
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Eco-innovation denotes developing green practices using environmentally friendly innovative approaches or technologies. Although eco-innovation has been broadly applied in different industries, such as low-carbon production and manufacturing, how to implement such innovation in education for sustainable development (ESD) has rarely been studied. Therefore, this research considered a reflective and cooperative learning approach to science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) education. A case study examined Wanluan Township of Pingtung County in southern Taiwan. Four departments’ students and lecturers at Meiho University were involved in situated learning. Hospitality management students played farm owners who engaged in organic agriculture to produce food and beverages. These agricultural products were farm-to-table, cooked, and served to customers in a natural dining setting through the students’ teamwork. Tourism, sports and leisure management, and food science and nutrition students played tourists in a self-guided travel context, who engaged in acts such as visiting buildings to understand heritage while observing that the houses were still in use as dwellings. This encouraged reflection on the importance of cultural preservation. The results showed that eco-innovation can represent a sustainable marketing strategy for improving the local community economy and can be implemented in a practical situation in STEAM. The ESD goal for 2030—societal transformation—is to foster students’ responsible behavior and attitudes in a personally authentic manner, thereby fostering sustainable learning and understanding.
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Negash, Girma. „The rise and rise of agricultural wage labour: evidence from Ethiopia's south, c.1950–2000“. Africa 87, Nr. 1 (27.01.2017): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000681.
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AbstractThis article seeks to examine the dynamic transformation in the system of labour mobilization and the consequent intermingling of peoples of diverse cultural background in northern Sidama, Ethiopia. It investigates the different labour recruitment strategies deployed in the study area at different times, ranging from traditional to hired labour. In the former case, the household plays a major role in the recruitment and supply of agricultural labour, whereas in the latter case, ‘trans-locality’ reinforced by migration becomes central to the labour history of the region. In the 1940s and 1950s, Emperor Haile Selassie I granted large estates of land in the study area to absentee landowners who started schemes of commercial coffee farming. The subsequent expansion of commercialized coffee farming in a locality called Wondo Gänät (northern Sidama) from the 1950s onwards was responsible for the introduction of agricultural wage labour into the wider region. There was no local surplus labour to satisfy the labour needs of the new coffee farms. This void was later filled by Kembata, Hadiya and Wolayita migrant labourers who flocked into the study area from regions widely noted for their scarcity of arable land. This translocal movement of workers paved the way for the beginning of wage employment and eventually the commodification of farm labour in line with capitalist agriculture. Although commercial coffee plantations provided the initial stimulus for labour commodification in the study area, sugar cane-based cash cropping has helped it flourish even further. I argue in this article that the imperial land grants of the late 1940s and 1950s were an important milestone both for the agricultural history of the study area and for the organization of farm labour. Most importantly, I also argue that some of the social tensions and conflicts that often haunt contemporary northern Sidama are legacies inherited from the labour migrations of the 1950s and 1960s and the demographic heterogeneity that ensued.
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Ko, Kwang Hyun. „The Influence of Rice Agriculture on East Asian Culture and Language“. European Journal of East Asian Studies 15, Nr. 1 (2016): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01501001.
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Studies have long confirmed the existence of psychological differences between people in the East and those in the West. They have found that East Asians are more interdependent and think in terms of the group; Westerners adopt more individualistic, analytical thinking. Recent studies of rice farming have shown that large-scale agriculture is largely responsible for the collectivist mindset of East Asians. Rice farming alone, however, was not sufficient to mould cooperative, holistic thinking. Rice farming influenced festivals, customs, proverbs and the overall structure of language, all of which would have led Asians to develop an interdependent cultural psychology. This article presents an analytical study that scrutinises Eastern customs and languages, comparing them to those of Western cultures. Generally, the following comparative analysis pertains mostly to widely spoken languages from populated and prospering sectors, such as the Chinese, Korean and Japanese in East Asia, and the English, Spanish and French in Western regions. It is argued that rice farming is correlated not only with festivals, but also with proverbs, particular ways of answering questions, weather-related expressions and overall language structures, including pronouns and articles. This study further posits that a culture of respecting elders may be attributable to rice agriculture.
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Sheikh, Tajamul Hussain, Rayees Ahmed und Archana Purohit. „Shifting of Agriculture to Horticulture in Anantnag District: A Geographical Analysis“. International Journal of Agriculture System 10, Nr. 2 (27.12.2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3682.
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The vast area of paddy crop in Anantnag district (Jammu and Kashmir) has been converted for the construction of houses, roads and especially for horticultural purposes. The cultivation of paddy has been an old cultural heritage of Anantnag district as well as for the Kashmir valley as a whole, while the farmers are increasingly finding it less profitable in recent times. The present study used both primary (Survey) and secondary data from different sources with an aim to highlight the issue of diversifying of food crops (Paddy) towards cash crops (Apple) in district Anantnag. The findings from the study reveal that 6908 hectares of agricultural cropped area is shifted towards the horticultural cropped area, as agricultural crops (paddy) have low comparative advantage over horticultural (Apple). Paddy land under surveyed farmers has registered a significant decrease from 330 canals (83.75%) in 2000-01 to 158 canals (40.11%) in 2014-15, therefore showing an absolute change of -172 canals. The primary survey further reveals that 09 (30%) of the respondents says less profit is the main reason behind the shift, followed by irrigation (drought) problems 07 (23.34%) and 14 (46.66%) respondents says both reasons are responsible behind shift of Paddy to Apple cultivation in the region.
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Teng, Shuqing N., Chi Xu, Licheng Teng und Jens-Christian Svenning. „Long-term effects of cultural filtering on megafauna species distributions across China“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, Nr. 1 (23.12.2019): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909896116.
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Human activities currently play a dominant role in shaping and eroding Earth’s biodiversity, but the historical dynamics leading to this situation are poorly understood and contentious. Importantly, these dynamics are often studied and discussed without an emphasis on cultural evolution, despite its potential importance for past and present biodiversity dynamics. Here, we investigate whether cultural filtering, defined as the impact of cultural evolution on species presence, has driven the range dynamics of five historically widespread megafauna taxa (Asiatic elephant, rhinoceroses, tiger, Asiatic black bear, and brown bear) across China over the past 2 millennia. Data on megafauna and sociocultural history were compiled from Chinese administrative records. While faunal dynamics in China are often linked to climate change at these time scales, our results reveal cultural filtering as the dominant driver of range contractions in all five taxa. This finding suggests that the millennia-long spread of agricultural land and agricultural intensification, often accompanied by expansion of the Han culture, has been responsible for the extirpation of these megafauna species from much of China. Our results suggest that cultural filtering is important for understanding society’s role in the assembly of contemporary communities from historical regional species pools. Our study provides direct evidence that cultural evolution since ancient times has overshadowed climate change in shaping broadscale megafauna biodiversity patterns, reflecting the strong and increasing importance of sociocultural processes in the biosphere.
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Shamadiyah, Nurasih, und Pangeran Putra Perkasa Alam Nasution. „Peran Perempuan Dalam Ketersediaan Pangan Rumahtangga (Studi Kasus Pada Masyarakat Petani Padi Di Gampong Blang Pala, Kecamatan Banda Baro, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Provinsi Aceh)“. Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh 3, Nr. 2 (29.11.2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ag.v3i2.1105.
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The rice farmers community as producers of staple food for food needs of the community is considered to have certainty in food security. Not only they have to produce food commodities, but they are also responsible for the availability of food for all their families and the community. This study aims to describe the division of roles between women and men in agricultural and non-farm activities (on farm and off farm) in order to fill household food security in rice farming communities in Blang Pala Village, Banda Baro District, Aceh Utara Regency, Aceh Province. The study was conducted by in-depth interviews with ethno-science as the approach. The informants are determined based on several conditions, such as full of involvement in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, informants who are directly involved in the cultural atmosphere, and have different social and cultural backgrounds with researchers. Informants in this study were divided into female farmers and male farmers. The results of the study show that women have a real and very important contribution to food security of their family. Women have a very important role in the effort to provide food at the household level because women are fully involved both in agricultural activities and outside agricultural activities. Although basically those who make a livelihood are not the main task of women, but when it comes to providing food, it becomes a duty of women in their families
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Antonovz, Tatiane, Michael Dias Correa und Mayla Cristina Costa. „Social Innovation and Local Development: An Analysis in an Agroenergy Condominium for the Family Agriculture“. Business and Management Studies 6, Nr. 4 (04.12.2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i4.5096.
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This article aims to verify how the process of social innovation, resulting from the constitution of an agroenergy condominium in Brazil, was responsible for the promotion of local development. We consider that social innovation promotes development in its multiparadigmatic concept and is an economic means of governance creation. The results show that there were positive implications for the families, the environment and for the technological development. The use of biofuels is an option to the Brazilian energy scenario, since it has reduced transaction costs. But one challenge is the better use of biodigestion residues, used as biofertilizers. This is a developing and costly process compared to traditional fertilizers. There are also challenges regarding the standardization of the distribution of generated energy and technology for the generation of this energy resource. Finally, a model of local development generation based on greater promotion of social innovation is proposed. The findings from this Brazilian research are not limited for use in Brazil only and can be adopted/adapted for application in other countries provided local cultural differences are considered.
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SLIUSAREVA, Liudmyla. „DETERMINANTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES“. Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, Nr. 2 (07.05.2020): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-2-45.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical basis for the analysis of the phenomenon of sustainable development at the micro-level with an emphasis on the factors that determine the direction of the process (determinants). Based on the existence of conceptual contradictions in the interpretation of the category ‘sustainable development of the enterprise’ decomposition of existing approaches in the scientific literature is proposed with the selection of two groups according to the criterion of essential content - socio-economic, spatio-temporal (innovative) approaches. The first is based on the socio - ecological - economic triad in the system of sustainable development. In the second case, the main focus is on the role of innovation in enterprises. We have proved that the determinant of sustainable development of an agricultural enterprise is not innovation itself, but responsible innovations related to development not only at the present stage, but also taking into account the interests of future generations. It is proposed to consider the category of ‘sustainable development of the enterprise’ as a system and complex process of strategic transformation of the business entity, which includes a system of socio-environmental values and is based on the introduction of responsible innovations under the competitive environment and external factors. The contradiction between different levels of achieving sustainable development is revealed: micro-, branch, regional, macro-levels. On the one hand, the sustainable development of the enterprise forms a competitive advantage that distinguishes the manufacturer from others. On the other hand, constant demand must form an adequate consumer market, and this leads to the need to change the conditions of existence and the emergence of new players in the market. Management goals are complemented by a component of influence on all potential stakeholders in order to create a sustainable environment for their activities. Achieving sustainable development in a systematic manner is the result of actions, reactions and a coordinated balance of environmental, cultural, social and economic factors. Key words: agricultural enterprise, sustainable development, determinants of sustainable development, sustainable development of enterprise, sustainable business development, economic subsystem, social subsystem, ecological subsystem.
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Tepliuk, Mariia, Mykhailo Sahaidak, Tetiana Petrishyna, Katerina Fokina-Mezentseva, Boris Fomenko und Igor Vasyliev. „Managing of responsible consumption and sustainable production enterprises in the glocalization conditions“. Acta Innovations, Nr. 48 (29.05.2023): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.48.6.
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The article discusses principal issues related to lean production and consumption, providing the author's perspective on the factors and initiatives necessary for their implementation. The paper emphasizes the importance of each stakeholder's role in sustainable development. The agricultural market is analyzed, and general steps for implementing a Sustainable Development Strategy are proposed, including simulations of sales and pricing policies after the introduction of sustainable development aspects. With the world's population growing and resources declining, there is a need to meet increasing demand while also conserving water resources, agricultural land, and promoting environmentally friendly labour practices. To achieve this, countries must adopt innovative approaches to responsible consumption and sustainable production, particularly considering the socio-economic impact of COVID-19. Therefore, it is essential to develop an innovative model of sustainable consumption and production. COVID-19 has become a catalyst for socio-economic change, highlighting the adaptability of countries to change and the necessity for effective restoration and implementation of sustainable production and consumption models. This article explores the management of responsible consumption and sustainable production enterprises in the context of glocalization. It analyses the impact of global trends and local contexts on businesses striving for sustainable development. The article emphasizes the role of leadership, strategic planning, and the implementation of effective management practices in achieving these goals. The authors examine various models and approaches to managing responsible consumption and sustainable production, including concepts of green manufacturing, circular economy, and corporate social responsibility. They consider advanced practices and initiatives in these areas that are already successfully implemented by large and small enterprises. The article also investigates the influence of glocalization on enterprise management. Glocalization is defined as the convergence of global and local factors influencing businesses. It highlights the need for enterprises to adapt their strategies and operations to the specific cultural, social, and environmental contexts in which they operate, while also addressing global challenges related to responsible consumption and sustainable production.
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Keményfi, Róbert. „The Mythical Power of the Dual River-System of the Carpathian Basin: The Notion of a Hungarian Mesopotamia“. Hungarian Cultural Studies 8 (22.01.2016): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2015.219.
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Gyula Prinz is responsible for the notion of “Magyar Mezopotámia” [Hungarian Mesopotamia]. The natural basis for this idea is that Hungarian culture developed on the surface of an alluvial plains area. This sort of natural environment was the precondition of great civilizations based on agriculture. In other words, the intrinsic Duna-Tisza [Danubius-Tibiscus] river structure, which is similar to that of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, would elevate Hungary to the status of a mesopotamic country. This is how the central Hungarian area could become the distributing core of culture and how this culture could be radiated towards the neighboring peoples who also lived together with us in the Carpathian Basin. Our “cultural power” therefore “elevated” the cultural level of other peoples who lived with us on the edges of the Carpathian Basin. Accordingly, the end, or the borderline, of the highbrow “core culture” is located where the territory populated by Hungarians ends, or where the plains area shifts into the Carpathian Mountains.
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Schreiber, J. D., S. Smith und C. M. Cooper. „The occurrence, distribution, and remediation of transient pollution events in agricultural and silvicultural environments“. Water Science and Technology 33, Nr. 2 (01.01.1996): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0034.
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Transient pollution events occur in runoff from both agricultural and silvicultural environments. In agricultural runoff, transient pollution events may be associated with sediment, nutrients, and pesticides. Depending upon hydrological conditions, these events may be responsible for most of the yearly yield of sediment, nutrients, and pesticides, and may have a profound effect on the ecological health of streams and reservoirs, limiting seasonal primary productivity, changing the balance of functional groups, and altering reproductive cycles. Transient pollution events are most noticeable in surface runoff, but are also observable in shallow ground water. Such occurrences in both runoff and shallow ground water may be associated with natural seasonal events including the fall leaching of crop residues, or with cultural activities including the application of fertilizers and pesticides. In either case, rainfall distribution and intensity become important factors in the magnitude of the transient pollution event. Best management practices (BMPs) must be designed to remediate transient pollution in agricultural storm events. Not only must total storm agrichemical loading to aquatic ecosystems be reduced, but also the transient agrichemical concentration peaks occurring within the storm hydrograph.
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Rearick, Emma L., und Gregory L. Newmark. „Reducing Rural Car Ownership: Cultural Not Policy Changes?“ Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 6 (01.09.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118790327.
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Automobile use is recognized as affecting public health, environmental sustainability, land use, and household expense. Car use is closely tied to car ownership rates. Most car ownership research focuses on urban areas; however, 97% of the United States’ land area and a fifth of its population remains rural. Factors that affect car ownership in these communities may be different than in more urbanized areas. This research focuses on the 2,285 counties in the continental United States that are defined as entirely rural by the guidelines established in the Agricultural Act of 2014. These counties were grouped by five multi-state regions using U.S. Census Bureau definitions. Their percentage changes in car ownership, as well as other demographic variables, over a quarter century were calculated using data from the 1990 Decennial Census and the 2014 5-Year American Community Survey. A multiple regression model was estimated for each grouping to identify counties with lower-than-expected changes in car ownership. For each grouping, one of these outlying counties was selected and matched with another county whose changes in car ownership were within expected ranges given demographic developments. Local professionals were then interviewed to identify policies possibly responsible for the difference in car ownership trends between the matched-pair counties. The interviews suggested that, contrary to expectation, transportation policies had no discernable effect on rural car ownership, but land use polices and, more often, cultural factors linked to changing populations were associated with reduced rural car ownership.
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Santos, Eleonora, Milena Carvalho und Susana Martins. „Sustainable Water Management: Understanding the Socioeconomic and Cultural Dimensions“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 17 (30.08.2023): 13074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151713074.
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With the pressing challenges of water scarcity and pollution, achieving sustainable water management is imperative for promoting long-term development. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the socio-economic and cultural factors that shape the sustainability of water management strategies in Brazil and Portugal. This study highlights various factors that influence water management, including robust legal frameworks, socio-economic disparities, cultural practices, agricultural water usage, knowledge sharing, public participation, climate change resilience, water scarcity risks, industrial water consumption, and urbanization. By conducting a SWOT analysis of water management strategies, this research synthesizes information through an extensive literature review, encompassing the legal frameworks, policies, and implemented strategies in both countries. Additionally, it investigates comparative studies among Brazil, Portugal, and other European nations to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and experiences in water management practices. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with water management strategies in Brazil and Portugal, thereby guiding the development of tailored policies and strategies that foster sustainability in water resource management. Additionally, the research highlights the role of digital transformation in optimizing water management practices. By integrating socio-economic, cultural, and digital factors, this study contributes to effective and sustainable water management in Brazil and Portugal, ensuring responsible utilization and preservation of water resources.
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Dewi Susilawati, Ni Putu, Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna und I. Nyoman Alit Puspadma. „Arrangement of Agricultural Land Production Sharing Agreements in the Development of Environmentally Friendly Agrotourism“. Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, Nr. 8 (15.03.2022): 1072–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i8.126.
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One model of tourism development that is in line with alternative tourism is community-based tourism as a pattern that is believed to provide economic benefits and equity, environmental preservation, local culture preservation, social empowerment, community empowerment. Community-based tourism is a tourism development with a high level of local community involvement and can be accounted for from the socio-cultural and environmental aspects. So far, there are no clear rules that explicitly regulate the arrangement of profit sharing, especially in the field of agro-tourism. According to Article 1320 of the KUHPerdata, an agreement is valid if it meets the following four conditions: Agree of those who bind themselves, The ability to make an engagement, a certain thing, a lawful cause—referring to the Legal Principles of Agreement as contained in the KUHPerdata (KUHPerdata), namely Personality Principles (Article 1315 jo 1340 KUHPerdata), Consensualotas Principles (Article 1320 KUHPerdata), Freedom of Contract Principles (Article 1338 paragraph (1) KUHPerdata). In the current reformation era, the legal development strategy is directed towards responsive law characterized by the large role of judicial institutions and the broad participation of social groups or the participation of individuals in society to determine the direction of legal development, resulting in the formation of clear legislation. Furthermore, provide legal certainty in making agreements for agricultural land products related to agro-tourism with environmental insight.
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Dewi Susilawati, Ni Putu, Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna und I. Nyoman Alit Puspadma. „Arrangement of Agricultural Land Production Sharing Agreements in the Development of Environmentally Friendly Agrotourism“. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 1, Nr. 8 (15.03.2022): 1072–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v1i8.126.
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One model of tourism development that is in line with alternative tourism is community-based tourism as a pattern that is believed to provide economic benefits and equity, environmental preservation, local culture preservation, social empowerment, community empowerment. Community-based tourism is a tourism development with a high level of local community involvement and can be accounted for from the socio-cultural and environmental aspects. So far, there are no clear rules that explicitly regulate the arrangement of profit sharing, especially in the field of agro-tourism. According to Article 1320 of the KUHPerdata, an agreement is valid if it meets the following four conditions: Agree of those who bind themselves, The ability to make an engagement, a certain thing, a lawful cause—referring to the Legal Principles of Agreement as contained in the KUHPerdata (KUHPerdata), namely Personality Principles (Article 1315 jo 1340 KUHPerdata), Consensualotas Principles (Article 1320 KUHPerdata), Freedom of Contract Principles (Article 1338 paragraph (1) KUHPerdata). In the current reformation era, the legal development strategy is directed towards responsive law characterized by the large role of judicial institutions and the broad participation of social groups or the participation of individuals in society to determine the direction of legal development, resulting in the formation of clear legislation. Furthermore, provide legal certainty in making agreements for agricultural land products related to agro-tourism with environmental insight.
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Enticknap, Julie J., Hirofumi Nonogaki, Allen R. Place und Russell T. Hill. „Microbial Diversity Associated with Odor Modification for Production of Fertilizers from Chicken Litter“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, Nr. 6 (Juni 2006): 4105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02694-05.
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ABSTRACT Litter from the chicken industry can present several environmental challenges, including offensive odors and runoff into waterways leading to eutrophication. An economically viable solution to the disposal of waste from chicken houses is treatment to produce a natural, granulated fertilizer that can be commercially marketed for garden and commercial use. Odor of the final product is important in consumer acceptance, and an earthy odor is desirable. By understanding and manipulating the microbial processes occurring during this process, it may be possible to modify the odors produced. Geosmin and related volatiles produced by soil actinomycetes are responsible for earthy odors, and actinomycetes are likely to be present in the composting manure. Bacterial communities at each stage of the process were analyzed by culturing studies and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The processing steps changed the culturable bacterial community, but the total community was shown by DGGE to be stable throughout the process. A local agricultural soil was analyzed in parallel as a potential source of geosmin-producing actinomycetes. This agricultural soil had higher microbial diversity than the compost at both the culturable and the molecular levels. Actinomycete bacteria were isolated and analyzed by AromaTrax, a gas chromatography-olfactometry system. This system enables the odor production of individual isolates to be monitored, allowing for rational selection of strains for augmentation experiments to improve the odor of the final fertilizer product.
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Coppin, Addington. „The Demand for Labor in Caribbean Community MDCs“. Review of Black Political Economy 23, Nr. 2 (Dezember 1994): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692734.
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This article presents a comparative analysis of labor market demand in the three major economies of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) in the period since 1970. The regression analysis indicates that the manufacturing sectors in Barbados and Jamaica were more responsive to changing domestic and international market conditions than the agricultural sectors, or than the Trinidad & Tobago manufacturing sector. Other important conclusions based on specifications at the aggregate level are that the real wage explained labor demand only in Jamaica, and that there was a secular increase in the demand for labor in both Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago, even after wages and output were controlled for. Taken in conjunction with the other findings for Trinidad & Tobago, we conclude that there is a need to focus on other sectors as important employers of labor in the period under analysis.
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Uchenna, Emenaha. „Reimagining a Culture of Equality (R.A.C.E.) Lesson“. American Biology Teacher 84, Nr. 5 (01.05.2022): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.5.267.
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High school students are very seldomly, if at all, taught that race is a social rather than biological construct, and this pedagogical omission has led to biological essentialism. Biological essentialism is the belief that race can be used in predictable ways to determine intellect and/or behavior. Biological essentialism can result in the belief that unscientifically proven racial stereotypes are true. Much work is needed to support the teaching of a scientifically accurate understanding of human diversity in high school biology courses. It is of paramount importance that students are engaged in instruction that addresses racial misconceptions before they graduate high school and enter society as leaders, lawmakers, and civically active members. Missed instructional opportunities can result in the perpetuation of racial stereotypes that fuel systemic racism. The following is a culturally responsive 5E lesson “Reimagining a Culture of Equality” (R.A.C.E.). R.A.C.E. lessons are lesson model designed by the author to promote accurate teaching and understanding of human diversity, ultimately resulting in a more tolerant and scientifically literate learner.
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Kao, Robert M. „Helping Students SOAR: Quizfolio Tips to Engage First-Generation, Under-Represented Minority Undergraduates in Scientific Inquiry“. American Biology Teacher 80, Nr. 3 (01.03.2018): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.3.228.
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Engaging and gauging (engauging) first-generation, under-represented minority undergraduate general biology students through processes of inquiry, critical thinking, and affective learning is vital as they develop their scientific identity. An important challenge is how we can establish communities of practice and instill in our first-generation students self-awareness and reflection as they apply, analyze, and evaluate data on biological principles. In my article, I describe an innovative weekly assignment for my first generation Hispanic and Native Indigenous students called Quizfolio: quiz and mini-portfolios on biological principles and themes outlined in Vision and Change. Within a SOAR framework that will be introduced in my article, quizfolios provide an active learning space for students to integrate inclusive student-centered, in-class discussions and longitudinal lab inquiries in a first-year undergraduate biology course through metacognition and reflection-in-action. This transformative, culturally responsive mentoring approach encourages first-generation undergraduates to bring self-awareness to unclear or confusing topics that are clarified at the start of class or lab settings, and provides future framework for long-term retention of biological concepts.
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Ergene, Boğaç A. „Wages in Nineteenth-Century Anatolia: A Comparison of Urban and Agricultural Trends“. New Perspectives on Turkey 19 (1998): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600003058.
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In this paper I will construct separate time series for the wage levels of agricultural and unskilled (and non-factory) urban workers in nineteenth-century Ottoman Anatolia. An earlier study (Boratav et al. 1985) was able to construct an annual time series for urban wage levels by utilising a weighted average of the wages of skilled and unskilled laborers in towns and cities. Production of a time series for agricultural wages, on the other hand, is important for seeing the wage variations in rural and urban areas in the nineteenth-century Anatolian context and is crucial for understanding the peculiarities of the Ottoman (and later Turkish) economic development. These variations, at least to a degree, were responsible for the differences in labor costs in various parts of the empire and thus determined the peculiarities of the Ottoman incorporation into, world-economy (Ergene 1995).
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Di Giminiani, Piergiorgio. „The Limits of Care“. Environmental Humanities 14, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9712489.
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Abstract Drawing on the experiences of caring in agriculture and forestry among Mapuche landholders of Chile, this article advances a definition of care as an act of relating intervening mutual articulations of vitality. Caring for nonhumans entails a reflexive awareness of the ontological and ethical limits of human care, limits made visible by the nonhumans’ potentials to respond to our actions and affect us. Reflections on the limits of care foster an attentiveness to the conditions responsible for nonhumans’ ability of enchantment, a term that in Bennett’s proposal concerns an awareness on the singularness and surprising character of life. First, this article characterizes care as a human intentional action targeting dependent nonhumans, such as crops. Second, it illustrates the recalcitrance of some nonhumans to human care, as in the case of forests in Indigenous southern Chile. Third, it shows how care emerges from ethical aspirations and concerns, such as those at the core of Mapuche engagements with cultural reclamation and conservation.
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Edwards, Kevin J., J. Edward Schofield und Dmitri Mauquoy. „High resolution paleoenvironmental and chronological investigations of Norselandnámat Tasiusaq, Eastern Settlement, Greenland“. Quaternary Research 69, Nr. 1 (Januar 2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.010.
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High-resolution paleoenvironmental data from a peat profile with a small pollen source area are used to reconstruct the impacts oflandnámon vegetation and soils at a Norse farm complex (∅2 at Tasiusaq) comprising two farms in the Eastern Settlement of Greenland. Analyses include the AMS14C dating of plant macrofossil samples and the use of Bayesian radiocarbon calibration to construct improved age–depth models for Norse cultural horizons. The onset of a regionallandnámmay be indicated by the clearance ofBetula pubescenswoodland immediately prior to local settlement. The latter is dated to AD 950–1020 (2σ) and is characterised by possible burning ofBetula glandulosascrub to provide grassland pasture for domestic stock. Clearance and grazing resulted in accelerated levels of soil erosion at a westerly farm. This was followed by an easterly migration of settlement and agriculture. Site constraints prevent an assessment of the demise of the easterly farm, but pressures of overgrazing and land degradation may have been the major factors responsible for the abandonment of the earlier farm.