Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: De Pisan.
Dissertationen zum Thema „De Pisan“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "De Pisan" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Rodrigues, de Sousa Sara. „A construção da autoridade na obra de Christine de Pizan /“. Lisboa : Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412392291.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Leite, Lucimara. „Christine de Pizan : une résistance dans l'apprentissage de la morale de résignation“. Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040247.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The approach of this work is the medieval female figure, mostly from Christine the Pizans look. In the first chapter, The tradition in which Christine the Pizans work is inserted, its done a recovery of exempla and specula, education treats, because we believe that this literary genre was a model for the authors texts. During centuries XII and XIII the erudites started to demonstrate their concern with the education and behaviour of men and women. For that the sermons and treats on this issue multiplied. This concern might be measured by the quantity of texts in form of exemplum and speculum that came up at that time. The books Cité des Dames and Trois Vertus in which Christine approaches womans education, are examples of this genre of text. The chapter does an analysis of the main characteristics of exemplum and speculum: their origins, their authors, their main titles and dates. The difference between speculum and exemplum becomes clearer if we compare the two works by Christine. In Cité des Dames, she makes use of exemplum presenting a series of more than one hundred examples of womens short stories worthy of imitation. Whereas in Trois Vertus, Christine describes womens daily life and their behaviours according to their social classes. In the second chapter, Critical Fortune and Description, we expose the chronology with dates and authors names that read Christine, whose works were republished, translated and commented. Christine was known and read by her contemporaries in France, Italy and England. In XV century, after her death, she was praised by many authors, her works were translated into English and Portuguese and republished. Cité des Dames and Trois Vertus; the main issues approached and their order of appearance. In the third chapter, A resistance in learning the resignative moral, we present a short story of womans education between XI and XIV centuries. After this part, a comparison between the intersection points of Cité des Dames, Trois Vertus and Mesnagier de Paris. One might note the importance of observing the difference between the texts produced by male authors such as the Mesnagier, not only regarding the treatment given to women, but also to the theme, Christine approaches womens daily life, from the richest to the poorest ones showing their obligations from getting up, until the time they are going to bed, she treats the matter about knowing how to behave according to social prerogatives, etc. Notwithstanding she is not prolix giving explanations in every little detail. She speaks to witty cultured beings. Eventually, a hierarchical relationship between vices and virtues present in the three works is show. As a conclusion one may see that by the transformations presented in Christines text, that the author did an adaptation of male texts. Adaptation which gave shape to many womens voice that until that time had not a representative in the literary domain.O trabalho aborda a figura da mulher medieval, principalmente a partir do olhar da autora Christine de Pizan. No primeiro capítulo, A tradição na qual insere-se a obra de Christine de Pizan, é feita uma recuperação dos textos exempla e specula, tratados de educação, porque acreditamos que esse gênero literário serviu de modelo para os textos da autora. Durante os séculos XII e XIII os eruditos começaram a demonstrar sua preocupação com a educação e o comportamento de homens e mulheres. Por isso, os sermões e os textos com essa temática se multiplicaram. Essa preocupação pode ser mensurada pela quantidade de textos em forma de exemplum e speculum que surgem nessa época. Os livros Cité des dames e Trois vertus nos quais Christine aborda a educação da mulher, são exemplos desse gênero de texto. O capítulo faz uma análise das principais características de exemplum e speculum: suas origens, seus autores, seus principais títulos e datas. A diferença entre speculum e exemplum fica mais clara se cotejarmos as duas obras de Christine. Em Cité des dames, ela faz uso do exemplum, ela apresenta uma série com mais de cem exemplos de pequenas histórias de mulheres dignas de imitação. Já, em Trois vertus, Christine descreve o cotidiano das mulheres e seus comportamentos de acordo com a classe social. Segundo capítulo, Fortuna crítica e a descrição. Expomos uma cronologia com datas e nomes de autores que leram Christine, quais obras foram reeditadas, traduzidas e comentadas. Christine foi conhecida e lida por seus contemporâneos na França, Itália e Inglaterra. No século XV, após sua morte, elogios lhe foram feitos por diversos autores, suas obras traduzidas para o inglês e o português e reimpressas. Em seguida é apresentada uma descrição detalhada da estrutura das obras Cité des dames e Trois vertus; os principais assuntos tratados e a ordem de exposição. No terceiro capítulo, Uma resistência na aprendizagem da moral resignativa, apresentamos uma breve história da educação feminina entre os XII e XIV séculos. Após essa primeira parte, segue uma comparação entre os pontos de intersecção de Cité des dames, Trois vertus e Mesnagier de Paris. Faz-se notar a importância de observar a diferença entre os textos produzidos por autores masculinos, como o Mesnagier, tanto no que diz respeito ao tratamento dado às mulheres como à temática. Christine aborda o cotidiano das mulheres, desde as mais ricas até as mais simples, indicando-lhes suas obrigações desde o levantar-se até o deitar, ela trata da questão de saber se portar segundo as prerrogativas sociais, etc. No entanto, ela não é prolixa dando explicações nos mínimos detalhes. Ela fala a seres que têm conhecimento e possuem inteligência. Por fim, é apresentada uma relação hierárquica das virtudes e dos defeitos presentes nas três obras. Como conclusão podemos verificar, pelas transformações apresentadas nos textos de Christine, que a autora fez uma adaptação dos textos masculinos. Adaptação esta que deu forma à voz de muitas mulheres que até então não tinham um representante de seus anseios na esfera literária.
3
Byron, Mark Stephen. „Exilic modernism and textual ontogeny : Ezra Pound's Pisan Cantos and Samuel Beckett's Watt“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621270.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
4
Wallace, Andrew. „"Out of all this beauty something must come", Chaucer's place in Ezra Pound's "Pisan Cantos"“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ40681.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Suberchicot, Alain. „Numineux et création poétique depuis l'imagisme et la découverte moderne de Hopkins jusqu'aux "Pisan Cantos /“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376101167.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Suberchicot, Alain. „Numineux et création poètique; depuis l'imagisme et la découverte moderne de Hopkins jusqu'aux Pisan Cantos“. Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE1001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La tradition métaphysique est l'héritage fondamental de la poésie moderne, qui se plait à réinterpréter les savoirs chrétien et mystique. Toutefois, cette réinterprétation, tandis qu'elle donne de l'acuité à l'expérience du Numineux, met en doute la capacité du divin à offrir un apaisement métaphysique durable. Le Numineux est un réseau complexe de références non littéraires, qui provient de l'enseignement religieux, du mythe, du sentiment de la nature, de la connaissance des rites païens et chrétiens, ou du culte des sens. Son manque d'unité ne permet pas de construire la cohérence d'intention que les poètes s'efforcent de mettre en oeuvre. C'est pourquoi la poèsie sert des fins qui lui appartiennent, et non celles qui sont étrangères à ses valeurs artistiques. Les poétes n'illustrent pas la doctrine chrétienne; ils s'y refusent ou ils en sont incapables. Le Numineux nourrit des tensions qui sont étudiées dans le mouvement imagiste et dans la poésie de G. M. Hopkins, poète victorien pourtant découvert par le modernisme littéraire au cours de notre siècle. Cette étude aborde également la poésie de T. S. Eliot, la poésie Hilda Doolittle, celle de D. H. Lawrence, l'oeuvre poétique de la maturité de Yeats, les Pisan Cantos de Pound, choisis comme exemples de la double allégeance du modernisme, à la tradition et à sa propre originalité. . .The metaphysical tradition is the basic heritage of modern poetry, reinterpreting as it does christian and mystic lore. Yet, this reinterpretation, while invigorating numinous experience, also questions the ability of the godhead and related sources of spiritual values to provide an abding metaphysical assuagement. The Numen is a complex network of non-literary references, proceeding from religious teaching, myth, feeling for nature, knowledge of pagan and christian ritual, or cult of the senses. Its lack of unity does not enable poets to develop the singleness of purpose that they are trying to achieve. As a consequence, poetry serves ends of its own, not those irrelevant to its artistry. Neither do poets illustrate christian doctrine, through refusal or incapacity to do so. The numen feeds tensions which are examined in the imagist movement, and in the poetry of G. M. Hopkins, a victorian, yet one poet explored by literary modernism in this century. The study also focuses on T. S. Eliot's poetry, Hilda Doolittle's poetry, D. H. Lawrence's, the later poetry of W. B. Yeats, Pound's Pisan Cantos, as instances od the dual dedication of modernism to the metaphysical tradition and to its own emerging artistic originality
7
Pilz, Theresa. „"Concealing little, giving much, finding most in their close communion one with another": An Exploration of Sex and Marriage in the Writings of Heloïse, the Beguines, and Christine de Pisan“. Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Thesis advisor: Robert StantonAn exploration of sex and marriage and its role in the writings of three medieval women writers (or groups of writers), from the twelfth, thirteenth, and fifteenth centuries, namely, Heloïse, the Beguines Mechthild of Magdeburg, Hadewijch of Brabant, and Marguerite Porete, and Christine de Pisan. The object is to find the links between sexuality and intellectuality, if any, the role marriage plays in the expression of sexuality, and how the influence of outside institutions such as the church affect the way these women choose to express themselves in writing. Also discussed is how access to a community of women, or lack thereof, influences the output of a single female writer
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: English
Discipline: College Honors Program
8
Diesenhaus, Douglas. „All Hands Withdrawn : Touch and the Failure of Intimacy in A Passage to India and The Pisan Cantos“. Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1406037931.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
9
Le, Ninan Claire. „Le sage et la "clergesse" : l'écriture du politique dans l'oeuvre de Christine de Pizan“. Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dans ses ouvrages traitant du gouvernement du royaume, Christine de Pizan cherche à obtenir le statut d'écrivain politique. Alors que, dans le Livre de l'Advision Cristine, elle se représente sous l'aspect d'une veuve, dans le Livre des fais et des bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, le Livre de paix et le Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc, elle s'attribue différentes fonctions cléricales : l'historienne, la préceptrice, la philosophe et la prophétesse. Son autorité s'acquiert également grâce à l'emploi de procédés rhétoriques plutôt qu'esthétiques. La compilation rassemble les éléments du texte en vue d'un objectif unique. Les exempla permettent l'élaboration d'un discours prophétique ou d'un idéal politique à partir de cas concrets. L'allégorie de la France autorise un discours critiqueIn her works dealing with the ruling of the kingdom, Christine de Pizan seeks to gain a status as a politicist. Whereas, in the Livre de l'Advision Cristine, she depicts herself as a widow, in the Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, the Livre de paix and the Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc, she assumes scholarly functions : historian, philosopher and prophetess. Her authority is also aquired through the use of rhetorical rather than aesthetic techniques. The compilation gathers elements of the text that aim at a single purpose. The exempla allow the development of a prophetic discourse and of a political ideal based on concrete instances. The allegory of France provides for a critical discourse
10
Maliha, Fayad Leila. „L'expression du sentiment amoureux et l'image de la femme de Christine de Pisan à Martin Le Franc“. Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO31009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ce travail porte sur l'expression du sentiment amoureux et l'image de la femme de christine de pisan a martin le franc. En effet, la rehabilitation de la femme a ete la grande preoccupation de christine. Dans son oeuvre, elle s'est consacree a la defense de son sexe, et elle tenta de restaurer a la femme l'image qui lui est due. A une demi siecle presque d'intervalle, martin le franc, prevot de lausanne, mobilisa toute sa verve et tout son enthousiasme a plaider la cause des femmes. Il s'est voue a une tache bien difficile puisqu'il a du faire face a tout ce que l'eglise a prone et pendant des siecles contre les femmes. Quant a charles d'orleans, il s'est plu a trouver dans la tradition courtoise un refuge ou il a donne libre cours a tout ce qui bouillonnait dans son coeur. Dans son oeuvre, la femme est de nouveau sur un piedestal recevant hommage et honneur. Loin de la courtoisie et de ses dogmes, villon raconta dans son "testament" son experience avec les femmes aupres de qui il fut l'amant renie mais ou il a pu cependant trouver refuge et abri. Blotti aupres de sa mere, villon implorait "la dame des cieux". Femme-mere, femme source de salut, deux images honorables de la femme ont surgi de l'oeuvre de villon. Ainsi, l'on peut dire que les oeuvres de ces quatre poetes ont bien marque cette premiere partie du quinzieme siecle. Les ouvrages qui lui firent suite, et dans leur plus grande partie, insisterent egalement sur l'image positive de la femmeThis work deals with the expression of passion and the image of woman from christine de pisan to martin le franc. The rehabilitation of woman was christine's major preoccupation. In her works, she devoted herself to defending the woman and she tried to restore the image to which she has a right. After an interval of almost half a century, martin le franc, provost in lausanne, mobilized all his verve and his enthusiasm to plead the cause of woman. He dedicated himself to a difficult task since he had to face the churches' centuries-old animosity towards woman. As for charles d'orleans, he revelled in taking refuge in courtly tradition, and gave a free rein to everything that his heart was teeming with. In his works, woman has been put back up on a pedestal to receive homage and honour. In his "testament", far form courtesy and its dogmas, villon relates his experience as a repudiated lover of women amongst whom he could nevertheless take refuge. Snuggled up to his mother, villon implored "the lady of heavens". Woman as a mother, woman as a source of protection, these are the two honorable images that arose from villon's works. Thus we can say that the works of these four poets marked this first part of the fifteenth century. Most of the works which followed also insisted on the positive image of the woman
11
Rautert, Fee-Isabelle. „Christine de Pizan zwischen Krieg und Frieden : die politischen Schriften 1402-1429“. Hamburg Kovac, 2005. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2184-4.htm.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
12
Pisan, Christine de, und Gabriella Parussa. „Édition critique de l'"Épistre Othea" de Christine de Pizan“. Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
L'epistre othea est un texte en prose et en vers, compose vers 1400, qui demeurait jusqu'a aujourd'hui inedit. Le present travail donne une edition critique de l'epistre, fondee sur le manuscrit londres, british library, harley 4431,, avec les variantes offertes par trois manuscrits de controle : paris, bn fr. 848 et fr. 606, et chantilly, musee conde 492. L'introduction (pp. 1-122) rappelle d'abord les informations essentielles concernant l'auteur. Christine de pizan (pp. 1-8). La technique de composition particuliere de l'epistre, proche de la compilation, necessite ensuite une discussion assez detaillee des sources mises a profit (pp. 9-31) : une breve notice est consacree a l'ovide moralise, a l'histoire ancienne, au chapelet de vertus, etc. Dans un chapitre a part (analyse litteraire, (pp. 32-39), nous nous efforcons de montrer que l'epistre othea, malgre le caractere heterogene des sources, est une oeuvre unie, dont la veritable nouveaute reside dans les moyens employes par son auteur. Pour l'instruction du destinataire, elle recourt a la tradition mythologique, aux sentences des philosophes antiques et des peres de l'eglise. Les pp. 68-112 contiennent une etude detaillee de la langue du texte - concernant la phonologie, la morphologie et la syntaxe- qui essaye de mettre en evidence les aspects les plus interessants et les particularites du langage de christine de pizan par rapport a ses contemporains. L'edition proprement dite presente le texte avec un double apparat critique enregistrant d'une part les lecons rejetees du manuscrit de base et de l'autre un choix de variantes. Elle est precedee par une etude codicologique (introduction, pp. 48-67). Le cas echeant, les notes (pp. 231-273) discutent la valeur des lecons ou apportent des precisions sur des points de details. Pour chaque texte, nous avons notamment indique les sources utilisees par christine de pizan. Le glossaire (pp. 284-300) enregistre surtout les neologisme et les lexemes rares ou difficiles. Suivent un index des noms propres (pp. 301-310), cherchant a identifier tous les personnages et lieux cites, et une bibliographie (pp. 313-324)The epistre othea, a text written in prose and verse, composed around 1400 by christine de pizan, has never been edited according to modern standards. Our work gives a critical edition of the epistre, based on the ms london, british library, harley 4431, with the variants of three other manuscripts : paris, bn fr. 848 and fr. 606, and chantilly, musee conde 492. The introduction (pp. 1-122) first gives the essential information regarding christine de pizan (pp. 1-8). It then contains a fairly detailed discussion of the sources used in the epistre (pp. 9-31) : a short notice is dedicated to the ovide moralise, another to the histoire ancienne, the chapelet de vertus, etc. In a separate chapter (analyse litteraire, (pp. 32-39), i attempt to show that the epistre othea aims to teach and instruct the reader by drawing back on mythological tradition, on the sentences of classical philosophers etc. Pages 68-112 contain a detailed study of the language of the text -phonology, morphology and syntax- which aims to show the most important features of the language of christine de pizan, especially in regard to other writers who were active in the same period. An other section contains a codicological description of the most important manuscripts (introduction, pp. 48-67). The edition itself gives the text with a double critical apparatus showing the rejected lessons of the basic manuscript and a choice of variants from the other manuscripts. When necessary, the notes (pp. 231-273) discuss the variants and lessons and give further information, regarding, for instance, the sources used by christine de pizan for each one of her hundred texts. The glossary (pp. 284-300) contains mainaly the neologisms and rare or difficult lexems. An index of proper names (pp. 301-310), and a bibliography close the volume (pp. 313324)
13
Appel, Nona Faye. „The Confident Amazon: Warrior-Women in the Collected Works of Christine de Pizan“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332794/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and discuss the relationship between the images and texts concerning Amazons and warrior-women in the collected works of Christine de Pizan. It evaluates Christine's interpretation of the ancient story in light of her career as an author and publisher, and it compares her imagery to other representations of Amazons and warrior-women. This study indicates that Christine reworked the myth in a way that reflects her positive of women and her desire to influence the queen of France, Isabeau de Baviere, who was the original owner of the manuscript.
14
Thibert, Christine. „Devenir Dame : Le livre de la cité des dames“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29757.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
En faisant une analyse du féminisme du Livre de la Cité des Dames, ce travail tente d'élaborer un processus que j'appelle le devenir Dame. La construction de la Cité et l'écriture du Livre se font à travers l'édifIcation de ce processus à trois niveaux : intellectuel, corporel et spirituel.
Le but du travail est de montrer comment la lectrice du Livre de la Cité des Dames fait l'expérience de ce processus et devient Dame elle-même en lisant le livre, comme "Christine" le devient en l'écrivant. Il s'agit d'examiner la mise en scène du processus de devenir Dame par l'auteure et de voir comment cela permet à la lectrice de le vivre.
Cette approche nous permet d’analyser les aspects plus ou moins problématiques du féminisme pizanien soulevés par plusieurs critiques. Parmi d'autres, il y a la problématique du christianisme. Quoique cela se présente comme un obstacle et empêche plusieurs critiques d'accepter Christine de Pizan en tant que féministe, ce travail affirme que c'est précisément cela qui manifeste le génie (féministe) du Livre de la Cite des Dames.
Christine de Pizan, écrivaine d'origine italienne, a écrit Le Livre de la Cite de Dames en 1404-5. En 1405 elle a écrit, comme suite à La Cite des Dames, Le Livre des Trois Vertus ou Le Trésor de la Cité des Dames.
Le Livre de la Cité des Dames est une oeuvre allégorique qui s'inspire du fameux De Claris mulieribus (Des dames de renom, 1360) de Boccace et de La Cite de Dieu (413-424) de Saint Augustin. C'est aussi une réfutation de certains auteurs misogynes, comme Matheole et Jean de Meun.
Les deux seules éditions critiques faites à partir des manuscrits originaux n'ont pas encore été publiées. Ce sont des thèses de doctorat (Lange, 1974, Hamburg; Curnow, 1975, Vanderbilt).
Le livre a été traduit en plusieurs langues : en flamand (1475) et en anglais (1521). Plus récemment, il a été traduit et publié en anglais moderne (Richards, 1982), en allemand (Zimmerman, 1986) et en français moderne (Hicks et Moreau, 1986).
Cette dernière traduction, basée sur les manuscrits originaux de Paris, sera utilisée dans ce travail, puisqu'elle est la plus accessible au niveau de la langue et de la publication.Arts, Faculty of
French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of
Graduate
15
Gigliello, Paola. „I volti di Medea : Medea non deve morire“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Le mythe de Médée est un des mythes les plus anciens que la tradition nous a transmis, mais, paradoxalement, c'est peut-être le plus “moderne” et scabreux entre les mythes connus. La thèse s'occupera d'abord de l'œuvre de Christine de Pizan, “La Cité des Dames” et l'image de Médée qui émerge: la terrible reine devient dans les pages de Christine un symbole du savoir et de la loyauté féminine par rapport à l'autre, qui n'est pas seulement fidélité amoureuse mais c'est l'abandon total du corps et de l'âme. On mettra en relation la “Cité” de Christine avec le “De mulieribus claris” de Boccace et on cherchera à démontrer que l'œuvre de Christine n'est pas une traduction, un plagiat de la plus célèbre œuvre de notre écrivain et poète. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, je vais analyser la version d'une autre femme spéciale; démontrant que les visages de Médée sont nombreux et variés: la Midea de Irina Possamai. Irina, est, en effet, une des premières librettistes italiennes et a choisi – comme Christine - de raconter dans un opéra lyrique sa Médée qui, ce n’est pas par hasard , qu’elle l’a appelé MideaThe Medea myth is one of the most ancient that tradition has handed to us, but paradoxically, is perhaps the most 'modern' and scabrous among those ever known.For her mysterious character and, in some aspects, demonic, Medea has enjoyed vast fortune in ancient times as well as in modern and contemporary art.We will focus the dissertation on Christine de Pizan’s text, La Cité des Dames and the figure of Medea that emerges: the terrible Medea becomes, in the writing of Christine, the symbol of knowledge and female loyalty towards others, which is not only faithfulness in love, but total availability of body and soul. We will link the Christine’s Cité with Boccaccio’s De mulieribus claris and we will argue that Christine’s work is not a translation, a plagiarism, of the most famous work of our writer and poet. In the second part of the thesis, I will analyze the version of another special woman; showing that the faces of Medea are numerous and diverse: the Midea of Irina Possamai. Irina is, in fact, one of the first Italian librettiste and chose - as Christine did - to narrate her Medea in an opera that, not surprisingly, she called Midea.The Medea myth is one of the most ancient that tradition has handed to us, but paradoxically, is perhaps the most 'modern' and scabrous among those ever known.For her mysterious character and, in some aspects, demonic, Medea has enjoyed vast fortune in ancient times as well as in modern and contemporary art.We will focus the dissertation on Christine de Pizan’s text, La Cité des Dames and the figure of Medea that emerges: the terrible Medea becomes, in the writing of Christine, the symbol of knowledge and female loyalty towards others, which is not only faithfulness in love, but total availability of body and soul. We will link the Christine’s Cité with Boccaccio’s De mulieribus claris and we will argue that Christine’s work is not a translation, a plagiarism, of the most famous work of our writer and poet. In the second part of the thesis, I will analyze the version of another special woman; showing that the faces of Medea are numerous and diverse: the Midea of Irina Possamai. Irina is, in fact, one of the first Italian librettiste and chose - as Christine did - to narrate her Medea in an opera that, not surprisingly, she called Midea
16
Dufresne, Laura Jean. „An assembly of ladies : the fifteenth-century pictorial tradition of Christine de Pizan's La cité des dames and Le trésor de la cité des dames /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6238.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
17
Décloître, Raphaëlle. „Les échos de la "Comédie" dans le "Chemin de Long Estude" de Christine de Pizan“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2016Alors qu’elle se trouve au Mont Parnasse, la narratrice du Chemin de Long Estude de Christine de Pizan affirme reconnaître l’endroit pour l’avoir déjà lu chez Dante. Cette mention surprend considérant la quasi absence de la Comédie dans la littérature française de la fin du Moyen Âge, et si la tradition critique a eu tendance à y voir la revendication d’un projet mimétique, où le poème de Christine de Pizan serait une tentative d’imitation de la Comédie, les nombreux échos dantesques de l’oeuvre témoignent à l’inverse d’un important travail d’appropriation, en mettant systématiquement l’accent sur l’acquisition du savoir et l’inscription dans une filiation intellectuelle. Plus qu’une recension, le présent mémoire aspire à faire le point sur les présences de la Comédie dans le Chemin de Long Estude de même qu’à inscrire ces dernières dans un réseau. Cela amène non seulement à considérer l’oeuvre de Christine de Pizan dans sa totalité, mais aussi en regard des considérations littéraires de l’époque. Dans le premier cas, les renvois à Dante permettent de réfléchir au projet général de l’oeuvre, alors que le poème italien, plus que de représenter un idéal à reproduire, participe à une conquête de l’ordre par le savoir, aux côtés de la Consolation de Philosophie de Boèce et du Chemin de Long Estude lui-même. Dans le second cas, le fait de fonder le travail d’écriture sur la lecture préalable d’un auteur italien témoigne de la bibliophilie du siècle et de l’importance de la lecture, mais aussi de l’émergence timide de nouvelles autorités vernaculaires.
While she is standing in front of Mount Parnassus, the narrator of the Chemin the Long Estude by Christine de Pizan says she recognizes the place for having already read about it in Dante’s book. This statement is surprising considering the near absence of the Comedy in the French literature of the late Middle Ages. The critical tradition has tended to see it as the claim of a mimetic project, where Christine de Pizan’s poem would be an attempt to imitate the Comedy. But the multiple references to Dante’s work in the French poem bear on the contrary witness to an important work of appropriation, systematically putting the emphasis on the acquisition of knowledge and on being part of an intellectual tradition. More than proposing a census, this thesis wishes to study the various presences of Dante’s Comedy in the Chemin de Long Estude as well as to include them in a network. This leads to considering not only the work of Christine de Pizan in its entirety, but also the literary context of the late Middle Ages. In the first case, the references to Dante inform about the general project of the work, while the Italian poem, more than representing an ideal to imitate, shows how knowledge can bring order, alongside Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and the Chemin de Long Estude itself. In the second case, Christine de Pizan’s writing process is highly influenced by the prior reading of the Italian author, which reveals the bibliophilia characteristic of the period and the importance of reading, but also the emergence of new vernacular authorities.
18
Barbier, Anne-Marie. „Les cycles iconographiques de l’Epistre Othea de Christine de Pizan, en France et dans les anciens Pays-Bas, au XVe siècle“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
L'Epistre Othea est une oeuvre allégorique et didactique composée par Christine de Pizan, vers 1400. Empruntant des exemples à la mythologie classique et à la légende de Troie, l'auteur dispense des enseignements moraux aux princes et aux chevaliers, par le texte et les images conçues sous sa direction. Initialement centrée sur l'élaboration des enluminures dont elle met en lumière les aspects matériels, cette étude présente l'iconographie des vertus cardinales et de la fable de Persée et d'Andromède, en analysant les procédés visuels mis en oeuvre afin d'offrir une interprétation chrétienne des motifs inspirés par l'Antiquité. La restitution partielle d'un cycle disparu complète l'analyse de la genèse des cycles iconographiques conservés. Les cycles longs font ensuite l'objet d'une analyse qui caractérise la spécificité de chacun. Rendant compte de l'interdépendance, si souvent affirmée, entre les images et le texte, elle étudie les fonctions des enluminures dans les manuscrits BnF, fr. 606 et British Library, Harley 4431. Un troisième axe de réflexion porte sur les liens de filiation existant entre les cycles iconographiques des manuscrits tardifs et ceux qui, élaborés par Christine, leur ont servi de modèles. Une analyse iconographique comparée permet d'étudier la réception de ces modèles, mais également de déceler les innovations iconographiques issues de leur réécriture. Fondée sur un programme iconographique reflétant les valeurs chevaleresques et les idéaux politiques qui prévalent à la cour de Bourgogne, la réécriture de deux d'entre eux légitime l'action politique des ducsThe Epistre Othea is an allegorical and didactic work written about 1400 by Christine de Pizan. Taking examples from classical mythology and from the legend of Troy, the author imparts teachings to princes and knights, through text, and images created under her supervision. In the beginning, our study is focused on the material aspects of the process of elaboration of the illuminations. Then it presents the iconography of cardinal virtues and of the myth of Perseus and Andromeda, by analysing the visual processes used so as to suggest a Christian interpretation of motifs inspired by Antiquity. The partial reconstruction of a lost cycle supplements our analysis of the genesis of the extant cycles. A second study aims to characterize the specificity of each long iconographic cycle. We explain the interdependence between images and text ; we also analyse the functions of images in manuscripts BnF, fr. 606 and BL, Harley 4431. The third thrust of our research bears upon the relationship between the iconographic cycles of the late manuscripts and those that were created under Christibe de Pizan's supervision. We conduct a comparative analysis of the reception of these models and in si doing, also reveal the iconographic innovations in them. Based on an iconographic program reflecting the chivalric values and political ideals which prevailed at the Court of Burgundy, the rewriting of two cycles legitimates the exercice of power by the burgundian dukes
19
Rodriguez, Juliana Eva. „Una "arquitectónica del poder". Christine de Pizan y la construcción del reino en la Francia bajomedieval“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dans le cadre d’une étude sur la contribution des idées politiques du Moyen Âge, toute la question est de savoir comment la pensée de Christine de Pizan se détache des écrivain(e)s de son temps en édifiant une architecture du royaume assez novatrice pour l'époque. Pour ce faire, nous procédons à l’étude du régime monarchique dans les écrits politiques de Christine de Pizan au XVe siècle. Au cœur de sa pensée politique, le roi sage, figure émergente de la tradition cléricale du XIIIe siècle, semble devenir un roi architecte et son royaume une belle architecture, à l’instar d’une société politique parfaite. La sagesse, s’avère être cette puissance transformatrice de la société, qui agissant à diverses échelles du royaume transforme les structures du passé, profondément marquées par la tradition chrétienne. Cette forme d’intelligence, théorique et pratique, est d'une telle importance pour Christine, qu’on semble assister à toute une reconfiguration des rapports sociaux et des cadres de gouvernement. Si nous pensons la société à la manière d’une architecture vivante contenue en sa totalité dans l’Église du Moyen Âge, nous pouvons nous attendre à la fin de cette époque à la naissance des nouvelles configurations du social, tels que la ville, la principauté et le royaume. Or, c’est en s'appropriant la sacralité ecclésiastique que ces nouveaux pouvoirs se configurent. Grâce à ce processus, nous pouvons parler d’une souveraineté architectonique et, ainsi, d’une science gouvernementale, dont les origines remonteraient à l’époque médiévale et non pas à la modernité. Au bas Moyen Âge, la science politique naît avec Aristote et avec le développement des monarchies. Ce n’est pas aux modernes mais aux écrivains médiévaux que l’on doit l’introduction, l’interprétation, et la relance de la riche notion aristotélicienne de «science architectonique», voire de «l’architectonique», dont la trajectoire médiévale reste pourtant inexplorée. Le génie de Christine consiste à mettre en évidence le caractère concret de la science principale, la politique, en croisant les registres théorique et pratique, à travers les faits et les mœurs de Charles V particulièrement dans son livre Les fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V. L’auteure considère son roi comme un véritable «suppost», une sorte de matrice expérimentale à partir de laquelle réfléchir et forger la meilleure science de gouvernement. Cette conception scientifique ouvre la voie à une analyse entièrement expérimentale de la figure royale, qui nous permet de parler d’une rationalité gouvernementale liée à une conception instrumentale des sciences, déployée sur un plan contingent. C’est le cadre aristotélicien qui permet à l’écrivaine d’ouvrir, avec la politique, le plan des positivités terrestres et de penser la cité des hommes, sans recours au pouvoir ecclésiastique. En développant au maximum les prémisses de l’architectonique, avec la science principale ‒ la politique ‒ et les sciences subordonnées, l’écrivaine permet de faire un saut fondamental : l’évolution du traditionnel roi lettré des miroirs de prince au roi sage de nature aristotélicienne. Ainsi, il est possible d’envisager dans le roi sage de Christine un nouveau type d’architecte, dont le pouvoir ne dépend pas de son rôle à la tête de l'Église, ni du rituel du sacre aux mains de cette dernière. En d'autres termes, le roi sage de Christine est, en tant que connaisseur des causes premières, à la fois philosophe et théologien. Détenteur de la philosophie théorique et pratique, la sagesse du roi apparaît comme la substance de la royauté française en donnant forme au royaume de France. On peut ainsi établir que le roi architecte ‒ en tant que concepteur du royaume ‒ finit par neutraliser le pouvoir directif de l'Église, dans la remise en cause de sa capacité à être la seule institution apte à incarner la substance de la société chrétienneIn a time in which plenty academic works in the field of Literary and Gender Studies recognize certain involvement of Christine de Pizan in the political literature of the late Middle Ages, the study of her political thought in its whole complexity remains underdeveloped. For that reason, this study portraits the core of the multidimensional contribution of Christine de Pizan to the medieval politics, which is the critical understanding of an innovative and complex schema of power structuring. Her ideas went far away from the writers of her time by devising the royalty itself as a solid architectural system. To embrace her ideas is necessary to understand the reflections about the monarchy in her political writings of the early fifteenth century. At the heart of his political thought, the wise king, an emerging figure of the clerical tradition of the thirteenth century, seems to become a king architect and his kingdom a beautiful architecture, as a perfect political society. Wisdom itself seems to be a force of transformation in society by acting on the political and social structure of the past, deeply marked by the christian tradition. This form of intelligence, both theoretical and practical, produces a whole reconfiguration of social relations and government frameworks. If we think of society as a living architecture, totally contained in the church of the Middle Ages, we can expect at the end of this time the birth of the new social configurations, such as the city, the principality and the kingdom. Now, it is by appropriating the ecclesiastical sacrality that these new powers are configured. Due to this process, we can speak of an architectural sovereignty, as well as a governmental science, whose origins go back to the medieval era and not to modernity. It is not to the modern but to the medieval writers that we owes the introduction, the interpretation, and the revival of the rich Aristotelian notion of «architectonic science», even «architectonic», whose medieval trajectory remains unexplored. Christine’s genius consists in highlighting the concrete aspect of the principal science, by crossing theoretical and practical registers, through the facts and mores of Charles V especially in her book Les fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V. The author considers the figure of the “King” as a real «suppost», a kind of experimental matrix from which to create the best science of government. This scientific conception opens the way to an entirely experimental analysis of the royal figure, which introduced the idea of governmental rationality linked to an instrumental conception of science. The Aristotelian approach allows the writer to open the game of earthly positives and to think about the city of men, in other words, politics, without recourse to ecclesiastical power. By following the path marked by Aristotelians, Christine de Pizan went further than them in the application of aristotelian wisdom to her model of wise king. By developing as much as possible the premises of architectonics, with the main science ‒politics‒ and subordinate sciences, the writer enable to take a fundamental leap forward: a change from the traditional literate king of mirrors for princes to the wise king of aristotelian nature. As we can see the wise king of Christine de Pizan appears as a new type of architect, whose power does not depend on his role as the head of the Church, nor on the ritual of the consecration conducted by the ecclesiastics. In other words, the wise king of Christine de Pizan aware of the first causes, is at the same time philosopher and theologian. Owner of theoretical and practical philosophy, the wisdom of the king appears as the substance of the French royalty and gives form to the kingdom of France. The king as the architect of the kingdom breaks the power of the Church, by questioning his role of being the only institution capable of embodying the substance of Christian society
20
Assis, Ricardo Fontes dos Santos de [UNESP]. „A cristandade e o reino francês: duas facetas do poder Régio (1372-1404)“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93237.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-03-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
assis_rfs_me_fran.pdf: 723653 bytes, checksum: 358c5a7dff4655ae2e11c2484cb75d39 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
À la fin du Moyen Âge, ont été formules des écris pédagogiques qui ont établi des normalisations de comportements pour une bonne gouvernance en plusieurs royaumes de l’Europe. Ces écris sont les connus Miroirs du Prince, traités normatifs dirigés spécifiquement aux gouvernants. La France, en spécial entre le XIVème et XVème siècles, a été un des plus importants scénario de cette modalité d’écriture, justement parce que Charles V, pendant son règne (1364-1380), a favorisé la présence d’innobrable gens de lettres dans sa cour et a stimulé cette production normative. Ainsi, la proposition de ce travail cherche à percevoir comment les hommes de cette période-là ont pensé le pouvoir et ont contribué pour le construire dans les modèles qu’ils croyaient idéaux. Donnés ses objectifs de reformuler toute la Chrétienté et de formuler l’image du prince à partir des mémoires du royaume de la France, les ouvrages de Philippe de Mézières (1327-1405), Le Songe du Vieil Pelerin, et de Christine de Pisan (1363-1430), Le livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, ont été prises comme base dans cette étude. Les deux auteurs pour avoir eu vécu et servi dans la cour du référé monarque, ils ont fait l’usage de leurs expériences et de l’héritage ancien et chrétien pour mettre en relief le rôle des rois dans la conduite du royaume et pour tracer les voies pour les pratiques politiques
No final da Idade Média, foram formulados escritos pedagógicos que estabeleceram normas de conduta para uma boa governação em muitos dos reinos da Europa. Estes escritos são os conhecidos Espelhos de Príncipe, tratados normativos dirigidos especificamente aos governantes. A França, em especial entre os séculos XIV e XV, foi um dos mais importantes palcos dessa modalidade de escrita, justamente por Carlos V, durante seu reinado (1364- 1380), ter favorecido a presença de inúmeros letrados na sua corte e ter estimulado esta produção normativa. Assim, a proposta deste trabalho gira em torno de perceber como os homens desse período pensaram o poder e contribuíram para construí-lo dentro dos moldes que julgavam ideais. Dados seus objetivos de reformar toda a Cristandade e de formular a imagem do príncipe a partir das memórias do reino da França, as obras de Philippe de Mézières (1327-1405), Le Songe du Vieil Pelerin, e de Christine de Pisan (1363-1430), Le livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, foram tomadas como base no presente estudo. Ambos os autores, por terem vivido e servido na corte do referido monarca, fizeram uso de suas experiências e dedicaram-se a destacar o papel dos reis na condução do reino e a traçar novos rumos para as práticas políticas
21
Dugaz, Lucien. „Le Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie de Christine de Pizan. Édition critique“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cette thèse de doctorat a pour principal objet l'édition critique complète du dernier texte inédit de Christine de Pizan, son Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie, écrit en 1410 lors des prémices de la guerre civile entre Armagnacs et Bourguignons, trois ans après l'assassinat de Louis d'Orléans par Jean sans Peur et cinq ans avant la bataille d'Azincourt.Chef-d’œuvre oublié de Pizan, ce texte fut destiné à l'éducation des hommes d'armes en général et du dauphin Louis de Guyenne en particulier. Réécriture autant que compilation, les Fais d'armes ont été dès leur publication une référence sur « la chose de chevalerie », sollicitant Végèce, Valère Maxime, Frontin, L'Arbre des batailles d'Honorat Bovet ainsi que des sources orales demeurées anonymes. Leur édition permet de combler une lacune importante dans notre connaissance de la production christinienne de miroirs aux princes, et devrait être utile aux médiévistes comme aux juristes et polémologues.Cette édition, qui se veut génétique, s'appuie sur la première étude exhaustive de la tradition textuelle entière (25 témoins, manuscrits et imprimés) qui a mis au jour plusieurs versions d'auteure, découverte qui vient s'ajouter à l'exploration des versions remaniées d'un point de vue politique, ce qui avait déjà été remarqué par la critique. En outre, l'établissement d'un stemma codicum permet de préciser les liens entre deux familles de manuscrits, ceux qui respectent l'auctorialité de Christine de Pizan (famille A) et ceux qui oblitèrent son nom et sa féminité (famille B).En plus de donner à lire le texte en moyen français, assorti d'un appareil de notesphilologiques, linguistiques et historiques, l'édition permet, grâce à un apparat critique génétique, d'ouvrir la voie à des études stylistiques et linguistiques sur l'auteure à sa table de travail, modifiant son texte à deux reprises. La recherche des sources du traité permettra également de mieux connaître les techniques de Christine de Pizan en compilatrice. Nous proposons une édition des extraits de Valère Maxime et Frontin traduits par Simon de Hesdin pour y inciter nos lecteur·rice·s.Le texte s'accompagne d'une description codicologique des 25 témoins, d'unglossaire, d'éléments de contexte historique et littéraire, et enfin d'une étude linguistique qui verse une nouvelle pièce au dossier débattu de la possible autographie d'un manuscrit des Fais d'armesThe principle study of this doctoral thesis is the critical edition of the last unedited text of Christine de Pizan, the Livre des fais d’armes et de chevalerie. It was composed in 1410, at the outbreak of the first civil war posing Bourguignons against Armagnacs, three years after the assassination of Louis d’Orléans on the orders of Jean the Fearless and five years preceding the Battle of Azincourt. This forgotten masterpiece of Pizan was destined generally to educate young men of arms, and particularly for the instruction of the Dauphin, Louis de Guyenne. The Fais d’armes, a re-writing as much as it is a compilation, was upon its publication a reference work on chivalry, soliciting the authority of Vegetius, Valerius Maximus, Frontinus, L’Arbre des batailles by Honorat Bovet, as well as other oral sources that remain anonymous. This critical edition will allow us to fill significant gaps in the christinienne production of the specula principum and will be equally useful to medievalists as much to jurists and to specialists of military history.This edition, which goes back to the origins of the text, leans on the first exhaustive study of the entire textual tradition (25 text sources, in printed and manuscript forms) that identifies several different versions by the author. This discovery adds a new dimension to the study of this text when considered alongside versions that were re-worked for political purposes. What’s more, the establishment of a stemma codicum allows us to define the relationship between two manuscript families : Family A, which respects Christine de Pizan’s auctorialité ; and Family B, which obliterates her name and femininity.Furthermore, the edition of the text in Middle French, accompanied by philological,linguistic and historical notes and commentaries, allows for future stylistique andlinguistic studies on the author-at-work, changing her text on two occasions. Research on her sources also reveal Christine de Pizan’s techniques as “compilator”. This study also proposes an edition of quotes from Valerius Maximus and Frontinus as translated by Simon de Hesdin to inspire further reading.The edition includes a codicological description of the 25 manuscripts and printed copies, elements describing historical and literary context, and, finally, a linguistic study that adds another voice to the debate surrounding a manuscript containing the Fais d'armes and the question of its potentially “autographic” nature
22
Videt-Reix, Delphine. „Christine de Pizan et la poétique de la justice“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10006/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
L’année 1401 marque un tournant dans la carrière littéraire de Christine de Pizan. Son engagement dans la querelle sur Le Roman de la Rose n’est pas anodin. En affrontant les représentants du premier humanisme français, l’écrivaine réfute le discours misogyne véhiculé par Jean de Meun. Opposant Dante à Jean de Meun, elle critique un usage de la glose qui ne relève pas d’une intention d’auteur clairement définie et se livre à une réflexion sur la question de l’interprétation des textes littéraires. Sa défense morale des femmes, dans Le débat sur le Roman de la Rose et Le livre de la Cité des dames révèle un engagement profond dans la politique de son époque. En prenant position en faveur de la régente Isabeau de Bavière, Christine développe un discours sur les vertus, destiné aux lecteurs désireux d’illustrer les qualités qui aident à bien gouverner. L’Epistre Othea et Le livre de l’advision Cristine illustrent l’importance de la glose, à même de guider le lecteur dans la construction du sens. S’inscrivant dans le sillage de Nicole Oresme et de Thomas d’Aquin, Christine propose une réflexion claire sur les vertus intellectuelles et morales qui permet de comprendre et de retrouver le sens de la justice à une époque où les nombreuses crises de folie de Charles VI mettent l’équilibre du royaume en péril. Le livre du chemin de long estude, Le livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, Le livre de l’advision Cristine , Le livre du corps de policie, Le livre de la Mutacion de Fortune développent une poétique de la justice qui devient une solution possible à l’instabilité politiqueThe year 1401 marked a turning point in the literary career of Christine de Pizan. Her interventions in the debate about the Roman de la Rose were not harmless. In confronting the representatives of the first wave of French humanism, Christine sought to refute the misogynist discourse proposed by Jean de Meun. In contrasting Jean de Meun with Dante, she criticizes Jean de Meun’s recurrent and unfulfilled promise of a gloss which mystifies authorial intention, and in so doing initiates a new reflection on how literary texts should be interpreted. Her moral defense of women during the debate on the Roman de la Rose and The Book of the City of Ladies also reveals a profound involvement in the politics of her age. As part of her taking a clear position in favour of the regency of Isabeau de Bavière during her husband’s periods of mental illness, Christine developed a particular discourse on the virtues aimed at illustrating for interested readers those qualities necessary for good government. L’Epistre Othea and Le livre de l’advision Christine illustrate the importance of a genuine gloss, particularly in guiding readers toward elucidating the sense of a text. Her reflections here follow in the wake of the works of Thomas Aquinas and Nicole Oresme and propose an unambiguous meditation on the intellectual and moral virtues which is designed to aid readers to discover and to understand better the meaning of justice in an age during which the period’s of Charles VI’s mental illusion endangered the stability of the kingdom. Le livre du chemin de long estude, Le livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V, Le livre de l’advision Cristine , Le livre du corps de policie, Le livre de la Mutacion de Fortune all elaborate a poetics of justice which Christine proposes as a possible solution to the political instability of her time
23
Trigueros, González Marina. „Análisis funcional de los factores de trascripción Tower-of-Pisa1 y Tower-of-Pisa2 y su implicación en el desarrollo del gineceo de Arabidopsis“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/2669.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Los carpelos, organizados en un gineceo, presentan el mayor grado de complejidad anatómica y funcional de entre los órganos florales. El fruto deriva fundamentalmente del gineceo y es un órgano altamente especializado cuya función, una vez se produce la polinización y fertilización, es asegurar la maduración y la posterior dispersión de las semillas.
A pesar del gran progreso que ha tenido lugar en los últimos años, aún quedan por resolver numerosos interrogantes acerca de la morfogénesis del gineceo y la fructificación. Una manera obvia de contribuir al esclarecimiento de estas cuestiones es desvelar la participación de nuevos moduladores genéticos, cuyas alteraciones provoquen perturbaciones morfológicas visibles en el desarrollo del gineceo.
En esta Tesis Doctoral se ha pretendido profundizar en la comprensión de las vías genéticas implicadas en el desarrollo del gineceo, así como de la coordinación de dichas rutas. Para ello se ha realizado un esfuerzo para caracterizar funcionalmente dos miembros de una familia de factores transcripcionales con dominio B3, TOP1 y TOP2, que parecían estar implicados en la diferenciación del gineceo y ser un factor común a varias de las vías ya descritas. Se ha intentado establecer cuáles son las relaciones genéticas y moleculares de estos genes con otros identificados previamente, y que actúan en distintos aspectos del desarrollo del gineceo y el fruto de Arabidopsis.
Para ello, se han caracterizado funcionalmente dichos genes mediante la obtención de líneas de pérdida y de ganancia de función de los mismos, y la caracterización fenotípica de dichos mutantes. Así, se ha comprobado que están implicados redundantemente en el desarrollo de las regiones apicales del gineceo, promoviendo la diferenciación de las células del estilo y el estigma. Se ha determinado que el patrón de expresión espacio-temporal de TOP1 y TOP2 coincide con las regiones afectadas en los mutantes de pérdida de función, es decir, el estilo y el estigma. TambiéTrigueros González, M. (2008). Análisis funcional de los factores de trascripción Tower-of-Pisa1 y Tower-of-Pisa2 y su implicación en el desarrollo del gineceo de Arabidopsis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2669
Palancia
24
Matzke, Michael. „Daibert von Pisa : zwischen Pisa, Papst und erstem Kreuzzug /“. Sigmaringen : J. Thorbecke, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37104715f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Texte remanié de: Diss.--Geschichtswissenschaftliche Fakultät--Tübingen--Eberhard-Karls-Universität, 1995.Chronologie de la vie et des oeuvres de Daimbert de Pise. Bibliogr. p. 225-242. Index.
25
Delale, Sarah. „Diamant obscur. Composition et mise en livre de la narration chez Christine de Pizan“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Pour Christine de Pizan, l’écriture et l’interprétation échappent irrémédiablement au vrai ; elles dépendent du vraisemblable et de l’opinion. Comment mener alors le lecteur vers le sens que l’auteur conçoit comme véritable ? Cette étude explore le lien unissant dans les œuvres narratives de Christine l’interprétation, le genre et la forme, comprise comme disposition, comme agencement intellectuel et matériel de la narration. Les manuscrits supervisés par Christine fondent les interprétations, enrichies par l’analyse des manuscrits non originaux et des éditions antérieures au XIXe siècle. De 1400 à 1408, les sept dits, les livres en prose et la Mutacion de fortune illustrent chez Christine deux modèles distincts d’enseignement narratif. Les dits transmettent une leçon implicite : les persona subjectives de l’auteur et du narrateur ne pouvant y servir de garant moral, c’est la disposition qui porte la signification. Le sens naît des concordances, des discordances et des ambiguïtés internes à la forme. Dans les livres en prose, l’auteur caractérise son propos en bien ou en mal, voix narrative et disposition explicitant des sens convergents. Dans ces deux modèles pourtant, l’écriture est toujours un mouvement de résolution : rêvant à dépasser la permanence du doute, elle élabore des procédés narratifs qui orientent a maxima l’interprétation. Le personnage d’auteur, propre à l’identification, devient lui-même une place interprétative proposée au lecteur depuis laquelle reconstruire par empathie une signification perpétuellement réactualisableFor Christine de Pizan, writing and interpretation do not depend on truth but on plausibility and opinion. Considering this, how can the author lead the reader to the meaning he considers as truth? This study explores the connection between interpretation, genre and form in the narrative works of Christine de Pizan – form being understood as a disposition, as the intellectual and material layout of the narration. Manuscripts supervised by Christine form the basis of our study, enriched by later manuscripts and early editions printed before the 19th century. From 1400 to 1408, the seven dits, the prose livres and the Mutacion de fortune reflect two different models of narrative meaning. The dits give an implicit lesson. The author and the narrator’s persona are too subjective to be answerable for the moral sense; the meaning is transmitted by the book’s disposition. Interpretations arise from coherency, incoherencies and ambiguities lying in the text. In the prose livres, the subject is presented as good or evil by the author; narrator and disposition explicitly convey the same meaning. Both models can be characterized as a resolving dynamics: aspiring to go past doubt, the writing contains narrative procedures that frame the interpretation as much as possible. The author’s character itself is constructed to prompt the reader’s empathy and identification; it constitutes a place from which to update a universal meaning
26
Simas, Filho José Pedro. „Leituras do PISA“. Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/96400.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Científica e TecnológicaMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T11:39:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 310453.pdf: 3141096 bytes, checksum: a38aa58e5e1e3cb2b166887dee48f8ae (MD5)
Essa dissertação trata de aspectos do funcionamento da leitura em sala de aula de ciências, a partir de três textos do campo da ciência e da tecnologia, veiculados pelo Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) objetivando compreender que sentidos sobre Ciências e Tecnologias são produzidos pelos estudantes. Analiso as condições de produção da leitura e dos discursos envolvendo esses textos, em situações de sala de aula, na escola fundamental, na disciplina de ciências. Para tanto, realizo uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, adotando como suporte teórico-metodológico a Análise de Discurso (AD) de linha francesa, com destaque para as questões que envolvem a linguagem do/no ensino de ciências, em particular, o que se refere à produção de sentidos sobre ciências e tecnologias em situação de sala de aula de ciências. Nessa perspectiva discursiva a linguagem é compreendida como não transparente, pois os sentidos para um texto não são dados e nem estão à espera de serem descobertos, pois estes são construídos pelos leitores dependendo das condições de produção dessas leituras. Dessa forma, a leitura dos textos do PISA vai além da mera decodificação de palavras e imagens. Assim, foi possível perceber na leitura dos estudantes uma relação entre paráfrase e polissemia envolvendo os sentidos sobre ciências e tecnologias. Com essa pesquisa pretendo produzir uma perspectiva crítica diante dos temas dos textos e da própria avaliação do PISA; contribuir para um ensino de ciências menos neutro e passivo diante das questões científicas e tecnológicas; incluir entre as discussões para o ensino de ciências, as questões de linguagem; colocar em pauta as interpretações possíveis para os textos do PISA e a partir daí discutir as implicações dessa perspectiva de linguagem em processos avaliativos como esse
27
Harvey, Jana R. „Tok Pisin on the Internet“. Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1370880.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Internet message boards are a medium by which educated Papua New Guineans who are living outside of Papua New Guinea (PNG) maintain ties to one another and to their home country. One of the languages that they use on these message boards is Tok Pisin (TP), an English-based creole spoken in PNG that has changed rapidly in theapproximately 120 years since its creation as a pidgin.Romaine (1992) suggests that decreolization by means of new changes toward English is occurring in the TP language. Smith (2002) disagrees and claims that there is no evidence for decreolization. This study shows that there is evidence in favor of decreolization, in particular a Matrix Language (ML) turnover (Myers-Scotton 2002), in the TP used on seven Internet message boards. This conclusion is also derived through the study of 139 letters to the editor in the TP weekly newspaper Wantok written during 2003 and 2006.In looking for English `late system morphemes,' whose existence in bilingual complementizer phrases that have TP as the ML would indicate the beginning of a ML turnover (Myers-Scotton 2002), this study counts deletion of the TP particle i as a late system morpheme.Results show that on Internet message boards, the particle i only marks the predicate in 33% of the locations where it would occur in Standard TP. In Wantok letters to the editor, i occurs 95% of the time. Internet users are more likely to be influenced by English and have less access to Standard TP. Although TP is still valued by highly educated Papua New Guineans in the English domain of the Internet to discuss personal topics and show solidarity with one another, it is not their first choice of language, and the loss of the particle i shows evidence for a ML turnover having begun in the language. One conclusion that may be drawn from this study is that planning for the future of TP by the leaders of PNG is essential to maintain TP as a community language.Department of English
28
Novaga, Celeste Garcia Ribeiro. „Relexificação fonológica no Tok Pisin“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13790.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Linguística, Português e Línguas Clássicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, 2013.Submitted by Luiza Silva Almeida (luizaalmeida@bce.unb.br) on 2013-07-31T20:23:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_CelesteGarciaRibeiroNovaga.pdf: 1720735 bytes, checksum: ba577083f60bd1465ad3fc605818ca51 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Leandro Silva Borges(leandroborges@bce.unb.br) on 2013-07-31T20:47:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_CelesteGarciaRibeiroNovaga.pdf: 1720735 bytes, checksum: ba577083f60bd1465ad3fc605818ca51 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-31T20:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_CelesteGarciaRibeiroNovaga.pdf: 1720735 bytes, checksum: ba577083f60bd1465ad3fc605818ca51 (MD5)
O tok pisin (TP) é uma língua crioula de base inglesa utilizada por milhões de pessoas na Papua Nova Guiné. É uma língua relativamente nova, em pleno processo de estruturação. No campo das línguas crioulas, é uma das mais bem documentadas, especialmente em relação a sua história e desenvolvimento. Este estudo está pautado na hipótese de que o equivalente ao aspecto gramatical da fonologia (padrões silábicos) do tok pisin tende a se aproximar do inglês, enquanto o equivalente ao aspecto lexical (inventário de fonemas) permanece mais próximo das línguas de substrato. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo do sistema fonológico, especialmente da sílaba do tok pisin, a fim de esclarecer o fato, observado anteriormente de essa língua ter estruturas silábicas mais próximas da língua lexificadora do que das línguas de substrato, caracterizando uma situação oposta ao que ocorre na hipótese da relexificação, proposta por Claire Lefebvre. A comparação dos quadros das consoantes, vogais e dos padrões silábicos do tok pisin, das línguas se substrato (motu, enga e tolai) e do inglês, mostra claramente os padrões do TP muito mais complexos, assemelhando-se aos padrões do inglês, enquanto as consoantes e vogais permanecem mais próximas das línguas de substrato. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The Tok Pisin (TP) is the most important language for almost six million people in Papua New Guinea. It is one of three official languages in that country, together with Hiri Motu and English. It is one of the most welldocumented creole language, especially in relation to its history and development. This study is based on the assumption that the equivalent of the grammatical aspect of phonology (syllable patterns) of Tok Pisin tends to approximate to that of English, while the equivalent lexical aspect (inventory of phonemes) remains closer to the substrate languages. For this end, a study was undertaken of the phonological system, especially the syllable of Tok Pisin in order to clarify the fact observed a priori that this language has a syllabic structure closer to the lexifier language than the substrate language, characterizing a situation opposite to that desenibed in the relexification hypothesis proposed by Claire Lefebvre. The possible relevance of this study is the emergence of a new reading of the phonological grammar of Tok Pisin. The results show that the equivalent of the grammatical aspect of phonology (syllable patterns) of Tok Pisin tends toward chat of English, while the equivalent of the lexical aspect of inventory phonemes remains closer to the substrate languages. This argument is based on basiletal data of Tok Pisin which show that the phoneme inventory of Tok Pisin is closer to the motu, enga and tolai languages, while the syllabic patterns are similar to those found in the English language. Concerning acroletal data of Tok Pisin, this research has identified high degree of English influence in its phonology.
29
Dobyns, Henry F. „Piman Indian Historic Agave Cultivation“. University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The lands occupied by northern Piman Indians yet display remains of old ways of life, the hallmark being ruins of massive "casa grande" style architectural complexes within puddled adobe walled compounds. Vestiges of "rockpile" fields occur on desert bajadas that seem to have little potential for traditional hispanic or anglo agriculture. Evidence has accumulated that critical population pressures once exerted heavy demands on the food supply in this region, with resultant internecine strife and competition, the massive walled architectural complexes functioning as defensible storehouses for food that was harvested from the resource area controlled or exploitable by the inhabitants. The rockpile fields were used for agricultural production of the sweet foodplant Agave, using an innovative technology that made use of agriculturally marginal land (see Desert Plants Volume 7, pp. 107 -112, 100). The European encounter of Pimans occurred to the south long before it occurred to the north, at a time when ways of life were rapidly changing. A rare glimpse of southern Piman life about 1613 by Rev. Andrés Pérez de Ribas presents an historic picture of Agave cultivation by people living in houses with massive puddled adobe walls. This Piman way of life at that time in the southern region is altogether consistent with the vestiges of what seems to have been the same lifestyle in the north. Old World diseases brought a general collapse of Native American populations; the pressures that generated casa grande style architecture, earth defensive walls, and Agave cultivation in Piman territory diminished, a terminal date for the complex more likely to have been after A.D. 1613 than the traditional date of "Classic Hohokam" demise about A.D. 1450. Introduction of Old World cultivars high in sugar (melons, peaches, apricots, quinces, pears, apples, sugar cane) also reduced Piman demand for sweet pulp of Agave. Watermelons were already substituting as a functional equivalent of Agave by 1698 among northern Pimans. Both the casa grande style ruins and the rockpile fields were abandoned by the time European civilization reached the northern Pimans. Both have been classified as "Hohokam" by archaeologists, using the plural of the Piman language word meaning "all used up" or "defunct."
30
Loy, Mirna. „Mögliche Ursachen für die schichtbedingten Unterschiede bei der PISA-Studie (PISA 2000)“. [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11126499.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
31
Höh, Marc von der. „Erinnerungskultur und frühe Kommune : Formen und Funktionen des Umgangs mit der Vergangenheit im hochmittelalterlichen Pisa (1050 - 1150) /“. Berlin : Akad.-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2845738&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
32
Aussems, Johannes Franciscus. „Christine de Pizan : the scribal fingerprint“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7789.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This thesis is concerned with the supervised manuscripts of the works of Christine de Pizan (ca 1364-ca 1430), the first female author who could make a living from the products of her pen. During her long and prolific career as an author, she composed numerous works for noble and royal patrons of France, which were made into manuscripts by Parisian scribes and illuminators. Scholars have argued that Christine supervised the production of these manuscripts. Moreover, on several occasions the hypothesis has been raised that Christine also copied several of them herself, thus acting as scribe X alongside two other scribes, called P and R. The aim of this thesis is twofold: firstly, to gain a better understanding of the production process of the supervised manuscripts of Christine de Pizan's works and of the role played by the author; secondly, to develop and test a new methodology for distinguishing between scribal hands in medieval manuscripts. An account of Christine de Pizan's life and a survey of all surviving supervised manuscripts of her works clearly show that she had extensive knowledge of how they were made. Monotextual manuscripts of her works were often produced in series, in an attempt to economise and speed up the production process. The manuscripts of Christine's collected works show a production and editing process that resembles modern-day printing-on-demand. This thesis further demonstrates the use and success of the Scribal Fingerprint, a new and objective method of distinguishing between scribal hands that consists of three palaeographical core differentiators and two additional differentiators. A Scribal Fingerprint examination of the handwriting in MS Harley 4431, the most recent of the four surviving manuscripts containing Christine's collected works, generates highly heterogeneous differentiator values for the thirteen folios that were analysed. This analysis is combined with an examination executed by GIWIS, an innovative computer application for handwriting analysis. Both strngly suggest that MS Harley 4431, thought by some scholars to have been transcribed entirely by scribe X, was in fact copied by more than one scribe.
33
Meyerhöfer, Wolfram. „Untersuchungen zum PISA - Mathematik - Test“. Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/834/.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
34
Dahlin, Pamela, und Jenny Lindberg. „Att arbeta mot moroten eller under piskan“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28591.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
35
Susic, Anisa. „Kan man lita på PISA? : En litteraturöversikt av kritik mot PISA-undersökningarna med fokus på matematik“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sveriges resultat i matematik i PISA-undersökningarna har sjunkit i varje undersökning. Sverige har gått från att ha legat över OECDs medelvärde för matematik, till att ligga under det. Sedan dess uppstart i slutet på 90-talet har resultaten från PISA-undersökningarna fått mer och mer uppmärksamhet i media. Varje gång resultaten från den senaste PISA-undersökningen publiceras skrivs det otaliga artiklar med dramatiska rubriker, så som "Sverige sämst i klassen" och "PISA chock". Vad alla dessa artiklar har gemensamt är att de använder sig av resultaten av PISA-undersökningarna utan att ifrågasätta dem. Sällan ser man en artikel som kritiskt granskar PISA-undersökningarna. Därför är syftet med denna konsumtionsuppsats att undersöka och lyfta fram kritik riktad mot PISA-undersökningarna och dess huvudman OECD, specifikt kritik som avser innehåll och kvalitet av PISA-undersökningarna och dess tolkning och användning med särskilt fokus på matematik. Detta har gjorts genom en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Resultatet visar att det finns goda skäl till att ifrågasätta PISA-undersökningarna. Syftet med PISA-undersökningarna är att undersöka effektiviteten av ett skolsystem. Metoden för att undersöka detta är ett standardiserat test som ej utgår ifrån deltagarländernas läroplaner. Litteraturen visar att syftet med PISA-undersökningarna inte går ihop med dess metod. Liknande motsägelser finns beskrivna i litteraturen om uppgifterna i PISA-undersökningarna. Uppgifter ska vara autentiska, tidsenliga och baserade i elevers vardag, men samtidigt får de inte favorisera någon kultur eller land så de bearbetas om till att vara kulturellt neutrala. Resultaten från PISA-undersökningarna ger ingen tydlig orsak-verkan effekt vilket gör att de inte är användbara inom utbildningspolitiken
36
Berglund, Nilsson Mikael. „Fysisk aktivitet och PISA-resultat : En studie om relationen mellan elevers fysiska aktivitetsvanor och PISA-resultat“. Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5269.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sammanfattning Den här studien har använt data i form av OECDs PISA-resultat och OECDs enkätsvar, som också tillhör PISA, med syfte att undersöka relationen mellan PISA-resultat och olika former av fysisk aktivitet. PISA-testerna genomförs vart tredje år för OECDs medlemsländer, med syfte att jämföra olika länders skolsystem. Fysisk aktivitet argumenteras ha en effekt på akademiska resultat och just därför bör en ökning av fysisk aktivitet resultera i bättre resultat på PISA-tester. Syfte Denna studie menade att studera relationen mellan tre olika fysiska aktivitetsvariabler, antalet dagar med fysisk aktivitet i skolan per vecka, antal dagar med medelhög, samt högintensiv fysisk aktivitet per vecka och PISA-resultat. Metod Eleverna som genomförde PISA-testet fick svara på frågor under testperioderna om hur fysiskt aktiva de var. Dessa data, som finns öppet tillgängliga som medelvärden inom de olika svarsalternativen, jämfördes sedan med elevernas resultat på PISA-testet med One Way Measure ANOVA tester och Tukey HSD Post-Hoc tester för att se skillnader mellan antalet dagar inom varje fysisk aktivitetsvariabel. Resultat Studiens resultat visade på att en dag med medelhög och högintensiv fysisk aktivitet är bättre än ingen dag med fysisk aktivitet och att flera dagar är bättre än en dag fram till och med sex respektive fyra dagar. Elever som är har fler än 1-2 dagar med fysisk aktivitet i skolan presterar bättre än elever som inte har någon fysisk aktivitet alls eller som är fysisk aktiva fler än två dagar i veckan. Slutsats Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen är att ungdomar som utövar fysisk aktivitet presterar bättre på PISA-tester än dem som inte är fysiskt aktiva och att flera dagar än en dag med medelhög och högintensiv fysisk aktivitet är associerat med än bättre resultat, till och med 6 dagar.Abstract This study has used data, taken from the OECD’s PISA-test results and questionnaire answers, in order investigate the relationship between PISA-results and different forms of physical activity. PISA-tests run every three years, in countries which are members of the OECD, in order to compare their national education systems. Physical activity is argued to have an effect on academic results and, therefore, an increase in physical activity should result in better results on the PISA-tests. Aim This study aims to look at how three different physical activity measures, the amount of days with physical activity in school, the amount of days with moderate physical activity and vigorous activity, respectively, is associated with the PISA scores for those specific groups. Method The students who completed the PISA-tests also got to answer questions regarding their physical activity habits. These physical activity data, available as means within each different answer, were compared to their group’s PISA-score. Analyses were done using One Way Measure ANOVA tests and Tukeys HSD Post-Hoc tests in order to see difference between numbers of days of physical activity. Results The result of the study showed that one day of moderate and vigorous physical activity is better than no physical activity and that an increasing number of days of physical activity is better up till 4-6 days of physical activity. Students who have 1-2 days of physical activity in school perform better than students who do not have any physical activity or more than two days of physical activity. Conclusions The overall conclusion is that youths who engage in physical activity reach better results on the PISA-tests than people who are not physically active and that an increasing number of days, up till 6 days with physical activity, is better than one.
37
Wittenberg, John. „PISA och lärarprofessionens självbild : En diskursanalys av lärarprofessionens meningsskapande och den diskursiva kampen kring PISA-fenomenet“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Den internationella kunskapsmätningen PISA får en allt större uppmärksamhet och betydelse inom den skolpolitiska debatten i Sverige. I studien undersöks betydelsebildningen kring PISA-fenomenet inom den svenska lärarprofessionen och de subjektspositioner som konstrueras i den diskursiva kampen om betydelse, både inom lärarprofessionen och i relationen till politiken. De subjektspositioner som framträder diskuteras i relation till den kollektiva självbilden och lärarnas professionsidentitet. Detta har undersökts genom en diskursanalys av artikulationer i de lärarfackliga förbundens tidningar; Lärarnas tidning och Skolvärlden. Undersökningen har fokuserat på framställningen kring presentationen av PISA 2012 utifrån en tidsperiod mellan november 2013 och april 2014, där materialet består av artikulationer kring tecknet PISA i 21 olika texter. Analysen visar att det inte finns någon entydighet i betydelsebildningen. PISA-resultaten används både för att legitimera och dislegitimera skolpolitik, samtidigt som relevansen ifrågasätts i relation till en metodologisk och dekontextuell problematik. Resultaten visar också att det finns en antagonistisk dimension i relationen till politiken och i den diskursiva kampen kring betydelse. Vidare konstrueras tre olika subjektspositioner i form av den utsatta och pressade läraren, läraren som syndabock och den aktiva och kämpande läraren. Studien får betydelse genom att synliggöra de konflikter som finns kring betydelsebildningen av PISA och i relationen till politiken, men även genom att visa hur lärarnas självbild och professionsidentitet konstrueras i relation till PISA-fenomenet. Detta kan föranleda ytterligare studier kring diskursiva förskjutningar kring betydelsebildningen och vilken betydelse PISA-fenomenet får i relation till lärarnas professionsprojekt.
38
Brismark, Ebba. „PISA och svensk utbildningspolitik : En innehållsanalys“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312819.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
39
Lundgren, Jonas. „Har PISA påverkat den svenska läroplanen“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296663.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
I denna studie undersöks likheter och skillnader i synen på läsande och läsförståelse mellan LPO94, LGR11 och PISA-undersökningen. Detta uppnås genom att studera dessa tre texter och på det sättet finna dessa likheter och skillnader. Studien visar att det har skett en förändring i synen på läsande och vilken typ av kunskap som krävs för att på bästa sätt ta till sig en text. LPO 94 lägger ett större fokus på läsaren vars erfarenheter och liv påverkar läsandet men också att läsande ska roa, skapa intresse och utveckla läsaren. LGR 11 har stora likheter med PISA och de båda lägger större fokus på den korrekta tolkningen. Texten är här fast och det är bara läsarens förmåga som bestämmer om den får ut det korrekta budskapet. Fokus har också minskat på den personliga utvecklingen som texter kan leda till för att istället handla om att lära sig lässtrategier för att tolka olika texter korrekt. Denna förändring kan tolkas som att det skett en förändring i tolkningen av vad läsande innebär från en mer traditionell och vid syn till en mer riktad mot arbetskraft försörjning och global ekonomisk konkurrenskraft vilket är vad PISA menar att de står för.
40
D’Angelo, Piaggio Francesco Ezio. „Las Casas de Chahuaytire : expectativas sobre el turismo, nociones de progreso y jerarquías sociales en una comunidad campesina cusqueña“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16738.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
41
Pidan, Sergej [Verfasser]. „Entwicklung eines katalyzitätsbasierten Sensorsystems für Wiedereintrittsflugkörper / Sergej Pidan“. Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1124365567/34.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
42
Oliveira, José Flávio Tenório de. „Determinação das Estruturas Cristalinas e Moleculares dos Compostos: 4-hidroxi 6 propenil 5,6 diidro-piran-2-ona; 4 metoxi 6 fenil 5,6-diidro piran 2 ona; 6,6-difenil diidro piran 2,4 diona e 5,6 difenil diidro piran 2,4 diona, Utilizando Técnicas de Difração de Raios X“. Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This work presents a study developed on four composites dihydro pyranc , (4 hydroxy 6 propenyl 5,6 dihydro pyran 2-one ; 4-metoxy 6 phenyl 5,6 dihydro pyran 2-one; 6,6 diphenyl-dihydro pyran 2,4-dione; 5,6 diphenyl dihydro pyran 2,4-dione), respectively called in this work (unofficial) forms f1, f2, f3 e f4. These compounsds were synthesized by Msc Laura Cristiane de Souza on the LaSO laboratory of Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), which is supervised by Prof. Dr. Dennis de Oliveira Imbrosi. The collected intensities had been measured using radiation monochromatot by a graphite crystal. The compound 4 Hydroxy 6 propenyl 5,6 dihydro pyran 2 - one (f1), possess molecular formula ( C8H10O3 ) and crystallize in the monoclinic system. It has space group P21/c with the following crystallographic parameters: a= 5.1638(8)Å,
b=19.1787(10)Å , C=7.5837(4)Å; β =104.540 (2)°, v=757.32(6)Å3; z= 4 for unitary cell; D=1.352g/cm3. 2538 reflections were collected with diffractometer kappa CCD (Enraf Nonius),
being 1338 independent reflections. After the refinement it was got an final reliability index of 0.0706. The compound 4 Metoxy 6 phenyl 5,6 dihydro pyran 2 - one, (f2),
has molecular formula (C12H12O3). It crystallizes in the system monoclinic, space group P21/c with the following crystallographic parameters: a = (5.669(2)Å, B=9.16(3)Å,
C=19.91(4)Å, β=94.49(3)°, v=1026,(5)Å3; Z=4 for unitary cell; D=1.21 g/cm³. 4386 reflections were collected with diffractometer Kappa CCD (Enraf Norius), with 2334 independent reflections. The refinement gave an index of final discordance of 0.0522. The compound 6,6 Diphenyl - dihydro pyran 2,4 - dione, (f3) with molecular formula (C17H14O3) crystallizes in the monoclinic system ; space group P21/c, with following crystallographic parameters: a= 5.1638(8)Å, b=19.1787 (10)Å, C=7.5837(4)Å; β = 104.540(2)°, v=757.32(6)Å3; z=4 for unitary cell; D=1.352g/cm3 13034 reflections were collectedwith difratômetro kappa CCD (Enraf Nonious), being 3046 independent reflections these intensities. The refinement gave a final index of discordance of 0.0683. The compound 5,6 Diphenyl dihydro pyran 2,4 - dione, (f4) with molecular formula (C17H14O3) it crystallizes in the monoclinic system ; space group
P21/c with following crystallographic parameters: a= 8.9939(2)Å, b=8.2312(4)Å; C=18.9044(8)Å; β=101.412(2)°,v=1371.84(9)ų; z=4 for unitary cell; D=1.289g/cm³. 5298 reflections were collected with diffractometer kappa CCD (Enraf Nonious), being 3113 independent reflections these intensities. The refinement gave a final index of discordance of 0.0491Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo cristalográfico desenvolvido sobre quatro compostos diidro pirânicos, (4-hidroxi-6-propenil-5,6-diidro-piran-2-ona; 4-metoxi-6- fenil-5,6-diidro-piran 2-ona; 6,6 difenil-dihidro piran 2,4- diona; 5,6 difenil diidro piran 2,4-diona), respectivamente denominados neste trabalho de forma não oficial por f1, f2, f3 e f4. Estes compostos foram sintetizados e preparadas pela Professora Ms. Laura Cristiane de Souza. no laboratório Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica (LaSO ) da Universidade Federal de Alagoas de responsabilidade do Professor Dr. Dennis de Oliveira Imbroisi. As intensidades coletadas dos compostos f1, f2, f3 e f4 foram medidas utilizando-se a radiação monocromatizada por um cristal de grafite. O Composto 4-hidroxi-6-propenil-5,6-diidro-piran-2-ona; (f1), possui fórmula molecular (C8H10O3), cristaliza no sistema monoclínico; grupo espacial P21/c com os seguintes parâmetros cristalográficos: a = 5,1638(2)Å , b = 19,9787(10)Å, c = 7,5837(4)Å ; β= 104,540(2)0 , V= 757,32(6)Å3 ; Z = 4 moléculas por cela unitária; D = 1,352 g/cm3. Foram coletadas 2538 reflexões com o difratômetro Kappa CCD (Enraf Nonius), sendo 1338 reflexões independentes. Obteve-se no refinamento um índice de discordância final de 0,0706. O composto 4-metoxi-6-fenil-5,6-diidro-piran 2-ona, (f2), possui fórmula molecular (C12H12O3) cristaliza no sistema monoclínico, grupo espacial P21/c com os seguintes parâmetros cristalográficos: a = 5,669(2)Å, b = 9,16(3)Å, c = 19,91(4)Å , β = 94,49(3)0 , V= 1026,(5)Å3 ; Z = 4 por cela unitária; D = 1,21 g/cm3. Foram coletadas 4386 reflexões com o difratômetro Kappa CCD (Enraf Nonius), sendo 2334 reflexões independentes. No refinamento obteve-se um índice de discordância final de 0,0522. O composto 6,6 difenil-dihidro piran 2,4-diona,(f3) com fórmula molecular (C17H14O3) cristaliza no sistema monoclínico, grupo espacial P21/c com os seguintes parâmetros cristalográficos: a = 10,7556(3)Å; b= 10,2904(3) Å; c = 12,1728(3)Å; β = 95,364(2)0 ; V= 1341,38(6) Å3; Z = 4 por cela unitária; D = 1,319 g/cm3. Foram coletadas 13034 reflexões com o difratômetro Kappa CCD (Enraf Nonius), sendo 3046 reflexões independentes essas intensidades. Obteve-se no refinamento um índice de discordância final de 0,0683. O composto 5,6 difenil diidro piran 2,4-diona, (f4) com fórmula molecular (C17H14O3) cristaliza no sistema monoclínico, grupo espacial P21/c com os seguintes parâmetros cristalográficos: a = 8,9939(2)Å; b = 8,2312(4) Å; c = 18,9044(8)Å; β = 101,412(2)0; V= 1371,84(9)Å3 ; Z = 4 por cela unitária; D = 1,289 g/cm3. Foram coletadas 5298 reflexões com o difratômetro Kappa CCD (Enraf Nonius), sendo 3113 reflexões independentes. No refinamento obteve-se um índice de discordância final de 0,0491
43
Farfán, Méndez Juanita Adelaida. „Cultura alimentaria y globalización en Pisac : una etnografía comparativa“. Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14015.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
44
Siqueira, Monique Silva Mendonça. „PISA 2009 : cognitivismo e competências de leitura“. Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5763.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
It is not known what are the factors that lead to the unsuccess of many students concerning the reading skills. With the intent of knowing about national education based not only on national evaluations, Brazil has joined PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) since 2000. The aforementioned exam is applied to 15-year-old students in more than 60 countries, and it indicates the average of reading and literacy skills of each state, making possible the reflection on teaching process. Through the result of that assessment, it is possible to verify that Brazilian students, especially in Sergipe, present a low reading skill when it is related to their age group. In this sense, this study has as its focus on analysing PISA´s exam of 2009 (the only area analysed here is the Reading part, therefore, Science and Mathematics will not be taken into account), by observing the converging points between the exam, the official documents and cognitive linguistics. It was analysed the results of questionnaires applied to three state schools in Aracaju, which participated of the assessment in 2009, observing the conceptions of reading adopted by some teachers, the reading activities that they developed in classroom and the common types of questions in their exams. Taking into consideration the analyses of those questionnaires as well as some questions of the exam, it was noticed that there is a divergence between what is taught during classes and what is asked in the exam. Furthermore, many teachers do not know exactly what is the reading conception adopted in the exam. Finally, it is expected with that result that reading skills of Sergipe´s students as well as policies of support to teachers are improved.Não se sabe ao certo o que ocasiona o insucesso de muitos estudantes no que diz respeito à competência de leitura. Com o intuito de obter um retorno sobre a educação nacional, que não se baseie apenas em avaliações nacionais, o Brasil aderiu à realização da avaliação do PISA (Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes) em 2000. Essa prova, aplicada a alunos com 15 anos de idade e em mais de 60 países, indica a média de leitura e letramento de cada estado, tornando possível uma reflexão sobre a prática de ensino. Através do resultado dessa avaliação é possível verificar que os alunos brasileiros, especificamente de Sergipe, apresentam um nível de competência muito aquém do esperado para sua faixa etária. Em meio a isso, este estudo tem como foco fazer uma análise da prova do PISA 2009 (a área aqui analisada será apenas a de Leitura, portanto não serão consideradas as provas de Ciências e Matemática), observando os pontos convergentes entre a prova, os documentos oficiais e a linguística cognitivista. Além disso, foram analisados resultados de questionários aplicados em três escolas estaduais de Aracaju, que participaram da avaliação em 2009, observando as concepções de leitura adotadas pelos professores, as atividades de leitura que eles desenvolvem em sala de aula e os tipos de questões que mais utilizam em suas provas. A partir das análises dos questionários bem como das questões da prova, percebeu-se que há uma divergência entre o que se trabalha em sala de aula e o que a avaliação cobra, bem como muitos professores não sabem ao certo qual concepção de leitura adota. Espera-se que esse resultado a forma de se trabalhar a leitura em Sergipe, bem como as políticas de auxílio ao professor sejam aprimoradas.
45
Barbosa, Sónia Carla Cabrita da Silva de Vasconcelos. „Literacia matemática do aluno português segundo Pisa“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
O Projeto PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) foi introduzido pela Organização para o Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Económica (OCDE) em 1997 e tem como objetivo avaliar a capacidade dos jovens de 15 anos no uso dos seus conhecimentos, de forma a enfrentarem os desafios da vida real. Na matemática a literacia é definida como a capacidade de um aluno identificar e compreender o papel da disciplina nos desafios da vida real, de fazer julgamentos bem fundamentados enquanto cidadão construtivo, preocupado e reflexivo. Neste trabalho procuramos caraterizar os alunos com nível de proficiência elevado na área espaço e forma e na área da quantidade. Para tal, recorremos aos dados dos questionários de alunos e pais, relacionando as variáveis destes questionários com o desempenho dos alunos, usando a regressão logística como ferramenta estatística principal. Também foi elaborado um estudo recorrendo à regressão logística ordinal no sentido de explorar mais os alunos que responderam corretamente a uma das questões, às duas questões ou pelo contrário não obtiveram sucesso a nenhuma das questões.
Este estudo permitiu encontrar fatores potenciadores de um bom desempenho nas áreas em estudo, como o fato do aluno viver na zona Norte ou Centro de Portugal, ser rapaz ou mesmo possuir acesso a livros. Constatou-se também que diferentes metodologias de estudo implicavam diretamente no desempenho. Apesar dos itens colocados aos alunos não incidirem diretamente sobre conteúdos programáticos, os alunos que apresentaram repetências durante o percurso escolar apresentaram dificuldades acrescidas.
Foram estudados os resultados obtidos pelos alunos de alguns países da União Europeia nas duas questões, e foram comparados os resultados a nível global e individual, tendo-se constatado que, os fatores que influenciam positivamente o aluno em Portugal não são significativos nos diferentes países.
Pretendeu-se, como objetivo final, caracterizar o aluno de 15 anos que estuda em Portugal, no nível de proficiência elevado na área espaço e forma e na área da quantidade e assim poder encontrar um instrumento de trabalho útil para a definição e/ou refinamento das políticas educativas no sentido de melhorar a preparação dos alunos para a vida futura; ABSTRACT:The PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) Project was introduced by OCDE in the year 1997, with the objective of assess young people (15 years old) capacity of using their knowledge to face real life challenges. In Mathematics, literacy is defined as the student capacity to identify and understand the importance of this Subject in the world performance, to make well based judgements as a constructive citizen, concerned and reflexive.
In this work, we try to characterize Students with higher proficiency in space and shape area, also in quantity area. We used Parents and Students questionnaire data, relating variables from these questionnaires with Students performances, using logistic regression as a main statistical tool.
We also carried out a study, based on ordinal logistic regression, with the objective of analyse Students who had answered correctly none, one, and two questions.
This work also allowed finding some factors of a good performance in the areas under study, like the fact of Students living in the North or Center of Portugal, be a boy, or even if they have access to books.
Also it was found that different study methodologies implied directly in student’s performance. Despite of the question didn’t focus directly programmatic contents, Students presented greater difficulties.
We also studied the performance, at the two questions, of students from some European Union countries, and compared the global and individual results. We conclude some that factors that positively influence student’s performance in Portugal are not significant in different countries.
As a final objective, we purposed to characterize the 15 years old Portuguese student, in order to find an useful work tool to define and refine the educative policies, trying to improve students preparation for his life in the future.
46
Filipsson, Korkeasalo Kristina. „Pigan och makten : En komparativ litteraturanalys med intersektionellt perspektiv“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39849.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Denna uppsats undersöker maktförhållandena i böckerna En piga bland pigor av Ester Blenda Nordström och Ett pennskaft som piga av Bonn i Taninge. Som metod och analysverktyg används intersektionellt perspektiv med utgångspunkt från de tre kategorierna kön, klass och funktionalitet. Vidare diskuteras maktförhållandena utifrån socialt- och genuskritiskt perspektiv för att spegla kvinnors och mäns villkor i det tidiga 1900-talets Sverige. Sammantaget visar litteraturanalysen att Ester Blenda Nordström besitter en maktposition även om hon utger sig för att vara en piga bland pigor. Den historiska kontexten som böckerna är skrivna i kännetecknas av modernitet och nationalskapande, och Ester Blenda Nordström blir rollmodell för den nya kvinnan som tar sig in på manliga domäner och kämpar för kvinnans rätt och jämlikhet i samhället.
47
Fall, Ndeye Ndiaye. „Galien, Sur la thériaque à Pison : traduction et commentaire“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040289.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Notre ambition a été de traduire le texte attribué à Galien intitulé Sur la thériaque à Pison où il reprend la recette de la thériaque d’Andromaque. Il a composé ce traité à l’attention de son ami Pison à qui il entreprend d’enseigner les différentes étapes de la composition à la réalisation de cet antidote si réputé dans l’Antiquité. Après un exposé détaillé et très instructif sur les préalables théoriques nécessaires en pharmacologie, Galien dresse la liste des ingrédients qui entrent dans la composition de la thériaque. Il s’attarde notamment sur l’explication des raisons de l’efficacité de la chair de vipère. En effet, la raison essentielle qui explique la capacité de la thériaque à lutter contre les effets nocifs des venins est la sympathie de la chair de vipère avec les venins. Quant à son efficience pour les nombreuses maladies, Galien l’explique par la présence des facultés diverses des simples qui entrent dans la composition du médicament. Après lui avoir donné la liste des ingrédients et mis en garde contre les différentes sources d’altération des médicaments, Galien dresse une longue liste des vertus thérapeutiques et curatives de la thériaque qui, selon lui, justifient largement la grande renommée dont elle jouissait auprès des empereurs romains notamment et plus largement auprès de tous ceux qui connaissaient son action. Nous avons tenté dans notre thèse de rendre ce texte plus accessible à un public pas toujours helléniste. Nous avons essayé dans la mesure du possible de rester fidèles aux idées de Galien dans notre traduction. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous avons aussi apporté commentaires et éclaircissements aux passages qui méritent selon nous une attention particulièreOur aim has been to translate the text attributed to Galen: “On theriac to Piso” in which he takes again the recipe of Andromac’s theriac. He has dedicated this treaty to Piso to whom he teaches the different steps, from composition to realization, of this antidote that was very famous during the antiquity. After detailed and very instructive out settings of the necessary theoretical preconditions in pharmacology, Galen draws up the list of the ingredients that compose the theriac. He dwells on explicating the reasons which cause the efficiency of viper’s flesh. In fact, the main reason that explains theriac’s capacity in fighting against bad effects of the venoms is the sympathy between these one and viper’s flesh. As for the antidote’s effectiveness against many illnesses, Galen explains it by the presence of various powers of the simples that are among the ingredients which compose the medicine. After having given him the list of the ingredients and warned him of the different sources that can spoil the medicines, Galen draws on a long list of theriac’s therapeutical and curative properties which justify the fact that it was well known by people who knew its action, in particular by roman emperors. In our thesis, we tried to make this text more accessible for an audience that is not always Hellenist. So, we tried as far as possible to translate faithfully Galen’s speeches. In the thesis’ last part, we have formulated some comments and explanations on passages to which a particular attention must be paid
48
Brodin, Andreas. „Kreativitet : En studie av matematikuppgifterna i PISA 2003“. Thesis, Umeå University, Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23632.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Forskning har visat att uppgifter i prov inverkar på vad elever lär sig genom deras förväntningar på vad testet ska innehålla (Virta, 2004). Boesen (2006b) konstaterar att uppgifter i nationella prov påverkar lärares undervisning vilket indirekt också bör inverka på vad elever lär sig. Lithner (2008) menar att det finns risk att en elev som använder ett imitativt resonemang i alltför hög grad vid lösning av matematikuppgifter får sämre matematikkunskaper. Genom att som lärare förse eleven med uppgifter som kräver ett kreativt resonemang, i vilka det inte är möjligt för eleven att använda ett imitativt resonemang, bör en sådan utveckling hindras. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att med ett klassificeringsverktyg tidigare använt av bland andra Boesen, Lithner och Palm (2005) och Bergqvist (2007) undersöka alla 85 matematikuppgifter i PISA 2003 med avseende på vilken grad av matematiskt kreativt resonemang som krävs för att lösa dem. Klassificeringen av uppgifterna visar att endast 9% är möjliga att lösa med ett imitativt resonemang medan resten av uppgifterna kräver ett kreativt resonemang. Några egenskaper typiska för uppgifterna i PISA jämfört med uppgifter i läroboken Matte Direkt har också noterats. Dessa egenskaper har även omformulerats till konkreta tips riktade till lärare vilka önskar konstruera uppgifter som kräver ett matematiskt kreativt resonemang.
49
Bai, Junli. „Creep analysis of the Leaning Tower of Pisa“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/NQ29022.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
50
Daroui, Sigrid. „Lärares uppfattningar om PISA-undersökningen : Betydelse och påverkan“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154618.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Syftet med denna studie var att studera hur lärare ser på PISA-undersökningen, och hur de upplever diskussionen som förs i politik och media om den. Tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med högstadielärare låg till grund för studien som är kvalitativ och inspirerad av ett fenomenologiskt forskningsperspektiv. Analysprocessen baserades på fenomenologisk analys. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna var de om grupper, normer och konformitet, samt de om exponeringseffekten. Resultaten visar att PISA-undersökningen inte har någon framträdande roll i det dagliga arbetet i skolan och att undersökningen normalt inte diskuteras bland lärare. Många lärare är kritiska till utformningen av proven och dess brist på transparens. Man tycker att diskussionen som förs i media och politik om PISA-undersökningen får för stort utrymme och bidrar till en negativ syn på skola och lärare. Man menar vidare att det finns en stor okunskap bland politiker och andra som diskuterar PISA om just PISA-undersökningen och skola. Förbättrade resultat på provet tror man beror på ökad motivation och eventuellt på kompetensutvecklingssatsningar i skolan. Samstämmigheten bland lärare var stor när det gäller uppfattningar om PISA-undersökningen.