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Thematische Bibliographien / Decisional task / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Decisional task“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 13. Februar 2022

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1

TANAKA, Kumiko. "Decisional balance of task reattempt after procrastination." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 2AM120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_2am120.

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Milgram, Norman (Noach), and Rachel Tenne. "Personality correlates of decisional and task avoidant procrastination." European Journal of Personality 14, no. 2 (2000): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(200003/04)14:2<141::aid-per369>3.0.co;2-v.

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Milgram, Norman (Noach), and Rachel Tenne. "Personality correlates of decisional and task avoidant procrastination." European Journal of Personality 14, no. 2 (2000): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(200003/04)14:2<141::aid-per369>3.3.co;2-m.

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Treviño, Mario, Santiago Castiello, Oscar Arias-Carrión, Braniff De la Torre-Valdovinos, and Ricardo Medina Coss y León. "Isomorphic decisional biases across perceptual tasks." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245890.

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Humans adjust their behavioral strategies to maximize rewards. However, in the laboratory, human decisional biases exist and persist in two alternative tasks, even when this behavior leads to a loss in utilities. Such biases constitute the tendency to choose one action over others and emerge from a combination of external and internal factors that are specific for each individual. Here, we explored the idea that internally-mediated decisional biases should stably occur and, hence, be reflected across multiple behavioral tasks. Our experimental results confirm this notion and illustrate how par

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Faivre, Nathan, Matthieu Roger, Michael Pereira, et al. "Confidence in visual motion discrimination is preserved in individuals with schizophrenia." Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 46, no. 1 (2020): E65—E73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200022.

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Background: Metacognition is the set of reflexive processes that allows humans to evaluate the accuracy of their mental operations. Metacognitive deficits have been described in people with schizophrenia using mostly narrative assessment, and they have been linked to several key symptoms. Methods: We assessed metacognitive performance objectively by asking people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 20) and matched healthy participants (n = 21) to perform a visual discrimination task and report their confidence in their performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the a

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Simon, Dan, and Stephen A. Spiller. "The Elasticity of Preferences." Psychological Science 27, no. 12 (2016): 1588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616666501.

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We explore how preferences for attributes are constructed when people choose between multiattribute options. As found in prior research, we observed that while people make decisions, their preferences for the attributes in question shift to support the emerging choice, thus enabling confident decisions. The novelty of the studies reported here is that participants repeated the same task 6 to 8 weeks later. We found that between tasks, preferences returned to near their original levels, only to shift again to support the second choice, regardless of which choice participants made. Similar patte

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Lehka-Paul, Olha. "Behavioural indicators of translators’ decisional styles in a translation task: A longitudinal study." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 6, no. 1 (2020): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/yplm-2020-0007.

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Abstract Translation Process Research defines translation as a decision-making process, but a plethora of studies has demonstrated that there is high individual variation in the translators’ styles of making decisions. The present interdisciplinary empirical study combines the theory of personality types and translation process research in order to identify the behavioural indicators that characterise translators’ decisional styles at the stage of end revision, where final decision-making takes place. As based on previous research, such indicators as the duration of end revision, pause length

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Studts, Jamie L., Richard J. Thurer, Kory Brinker, Sarah E. Lillie, and Margaret M. Byrne. "Brief Education and a Conjoint Valuation Survey May Reduce Decisional Conflict Regarding Lung Cancer Screening." MDM Policy & Practice 5, no. 1 (2020): 238146831989145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468319891452.

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Background. Recent data and policy decisions have led to the availability of lung cancer screening (LCS) for individuals who are at increased risk of developing lung cancer. In establishing implementation policies, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services required that individuals who meet eligibility criteria for LCS receive a patient counseling and shared decision-making consultation prior to LCS. Methods. This study evaluated the potential of a values clarification/preference elicitation exercise and brief educational intervention

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Neigel, Alexis R., Justine P. Caylor, Sue E. Kase, Michelle T. Vanni, and Jefferson Hoye. "The Role of Trust and Automation in an Intelligence Analyst Decisional Guidance Paradigm." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12, no. 4 (2018): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343418799601.

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Trust in automation has been linked to a multitude of performance improvements and implicated in the reduction of human error, stress, and workload. In the present study, trust in automation was examined in an experiment measuring the efficacy of linguistic annotation schemes for decision support and human performance. An automated aid provided decisional guidance to assist in intelligence task performance. Four hundred and fifty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of three annotation schemes and then subsequently performed three simulated intelligence analysis task. The results i

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Wu, Meng-Huan, David Kleinschmidt, Lauren Emberson, et al. "Cortical Transformation of Stimulus Space in Order to Linearize a Linearly Inseparable Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 12 (2020): 2342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01533.

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The human brain is able to learn difficult categorization tasks, even ones that have linearly inseparable boundaries; however, it is currently unknown how it achieves this computational feat. We investigated this by training participants on an animal categorization task with a linearly inseparable prototype structure in a morph shape space. Participants underwent fMRI scans before and after 4 days of behavioral training. Widespread representational changes were found throughout the brain, including an untangling of the categories' neural patterns that made them more linearly separable after be

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Reyes, Gabriel, and Jérôme Sackur. "Introspection during short-term memory scanning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 10 (2018): 2088–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817738951.

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The literature in metacognition has argued for many years that introspective access to our own mental content is restricted to the cognitive states associated with the response to a task, such as the level of confidence in a decision or the estimation of the response time; however, the cognitive processes that underlie such states were deemed inaccessible to participants’ consciousness. Here, we ask whether participants could introspectively distinguish the cognitive processes that underlie two short-term memory tasks. For this purpose, we asked participants, on a trial-by-trial basis, to repo

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Falbén, Johanna K., Dimitra Tsamadi, Marius Golubickis, et al. "Predictably confirmatory: The influence of stereotypes during decisional processing." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 10 (2019): 2437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819844219.

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Stereotypes facilitate the processing of expectancy-consistent (vs expectancy-inconsistent) information, yet the underlying origin of this congruency effect remains unknown. As such, here we sought to identify the cognitive operations through which stereotypes influence decisional processing. In six experiments, participants responded to stimuli that were consistent or inconsistent with respect to prevailing gender stereotypes. To identify the processes underpinning task performance, responses were submitted to a hierarchical drift diffusion model (HDDM) analysis. A consistent pattern of resul

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Banerjee, Sanjna, Shrey Grover, Suhas Ganesh, and Devarajan Sridharan. "Sensory and decisional components of endogenous attention are dissociable." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 4 (2019): 1538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00257.2019.

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Endogenous cueing of attention enhances sensory processing of the attended stimulus (perceptual sensitivity) and prioritizes information from the attended location for guiding behavioral decisions (spatial choice bias). Here, we test whether sensitivity and bias effects of endogenous spatial attention are under the control of common or distinct mechanisms. Human observers performed a multialternative visuospatial attention task with probabilistic spatial cues. Observers’ behavioral choices were analyzed with a recently developed multidimensional signal detection model (the m-ADC model). The mo

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Hurwitz, Joshua B. "Modeling the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Real-Time Risky Decision-Making." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 3 (1998): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804200331.

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Increased real-time risk-taking under sleep loss could be marked by changes in risk perception or acceptance. Risk-perception processes are those involved in estimating real-time parameters such as the speeds and distances of hazardous objects. Risk-acceptance processes relate to response choices given risk estimates. Risk-taking under fatigue was studied using a simulated intersection-crossing driving task in which subjects decided when it was safe to cross an intersection as an oncoming car approached from the cross street. The subjects performed this task at 3-hour intervals over a 36-hour

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Chen, Jengchung Victor, Huyen Thi Le, and Sinh Thi Thu Tran. "Understanding automated conversational agent as a decision aid: matching agent's conversation with customer's shopping task." Internet Research 31, no. 4 (2021): 1376–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2019-0447.

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PurposeTo provide better services to customers, especially immediate responses and 24/7 availability, businesses are implementing text-based automated conversational agents, i.e. chatbots on their social platforms and websites. Chatbots are required to not only provide customers with necessary consultancy and guidance but also communicate friendly and socially. Based on the cognitive fit theory, this study attempts to examine the role of chatbot as a decision aid and how the match between information presentation in forms of decisional guidance and communication style and the shopping task inf

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Rado, Ratsimbazafy, and Omar Boussaid. "Multiple Decisional Query Optimization in Big Data Warehouse." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 14, no. 3 (2018): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.2018070102.

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Data warehousing (DW) area has always motivated a plethora of hard optimization problem that cannot be solved in polynomial time. Those optimization problems are more complex and interesting when it comes to multiple OLAP queries. In this article, the authors explore the potential of distributed environment for an established data warehouse, database-related optimization problem, the problem of Multiple Query Optimization (MQO). In traditional DW materializing views is an optimization technic to solve such problem by storing pre-computed join or frequently asked queries. In this era of big dat

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Fuchs, Carolin, Bill Snyder, Bruce Tung, and Yu Jung Han. "The multiple roles of the task design mediator in telecollaboration." ReCALL 29, no. 3 (2017): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344017000088.

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AbstractThis case study explores how a Chinese-American novice teacher acted as mediator in a telecollaboration with student teacher (ST) peers in the USA who designed tasks for his English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in China. The novice teacher was instrumental in mediating the student teachers’ task design process by providing feedback regarding technological and institutional constraints, and the nuances of his target student population. He appropriated and adapted the tasks to make them relevant for his EFL learners. Against the backdrop of the three dimensions of professional ca

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Chen, Xing-Jie, Lan Ba, and Youngbin Kwak. "Neurocognitive underpinnings of cross-cultural differences in risky decision making." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 6 (2020): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa078.

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Abstract Culture permeates across human mind and behavior. Cultural influence is reported even in economic decision making, which involves basic cognitive process, once believed to be invariant across all humans. The current study investigated the neurocognitive processes underlying economic decision making in East Asians and European Americans, with an aim to understand the cross-cultural differences in the discrete mental processes of decision making. Participants performed a risky gambling task that captures the gain maximizing and loss minimizing strategies, while electroencephalography wa

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Marchetti, Antonella, Francesca Baglio, Ilaria Castelli, et al. "Social Decision Making in Adolescents and Young Adults: Evidence From the Ultimatum Game and Cognitive Biases." Psychological Reports 122, no. 1 (2018): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118755673.

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During adolescence and early adulthood, individuals deal with important developmental changes, especially in the context of complex social interactions. Previous studies demonstrated that those changes have a significant impact on the social decision making process, in terms of a progressive increase of intentionality comprehension of others, of the sensitivity to fairness, and of the impermeability to decisional biases. However, neither adolescents nor adults reach the ideal level of maximization and of rationality of the homo economicus proposed by classical economics theory, thus remaining

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Fornaciai, Michele, and Joonkoo Park. "Attractive Serial Dependence in the Absence of an Explicit Task." Psychological Science 29, no. 3 (2018): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617737385.

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Attractive serial dependence refers to an adaptive change in the representation of sensory information, whereby a current stimulus appears to be similar to a previous one. The nature of this phenomenon is controversial, however, as serial dependence could arise from biased perceptual representations or from biased traces of working memory representation at a decisional stage. Here, we demonstrated a neural signature of serial dependence in numerosity perception emerging early in the visual processing stream even in the absence of an explicit task. Furthermore, a psychophysical experiment revea

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Zinn, Cara M., Yusuke Yamani, Joseph W. Houpt, and Sidney Scott-Sharoni. "Assessment Function Analysis of Human-Automation Team Performance: A reanalysis of data from Yamani and McCarley (2018)." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (2018): 1540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621348.

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Yamani and McCarley (2018) used workload capacity analysis to quantify automation usage strategy in a speeded length-judgment task and showed that operators delayed their responses under difficult task conditions. Contrary to predictions of the proximity compatibility principle, the results showed comparable operator performance between displays that embedded the aid’s decisional cue within the stimuli and those that did not, depending on task difficulty. This study reanalyzes the data of Yamani and McCarley (2018) employing functional principal component analysis of assessment functions (Town

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Madden, David J., Julia Spaniol, Matthew C. Costello, et al. "Cerebral White Matter Integrity Mediates Adult Age Differences in Cognitive Performance." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 2 (2009): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21047.

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Previous research has established that age-related decline occurs in measures of cerebral white matter integrity, but the role of this decline in age-related cognitive changes is not clear. To conclude that white matter integrity has a mediating (causal) contribution, it is necessary to demonstrate that statistical control of the white matter–cognition relation reduces the magnitude of age–cognition relation. In this research, we tested the mediating role of white matter integrity, in the context of a task-switching paradigm involving word categorization. Participants were 20 healthy, communit

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Heilman, Renata M., Petko Kusev, Mircea Miclea, et al. "Are Impulsive Decisions Always Irrational? An Experimental Investigation of Impulsive Decisions in the Domains of Gains and Losses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168518.

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Intertemporal choices are very prevalent in daily life, ranging from simple, mundane decisions to highly consequential decisions. In this context, thinking about the future and making sound decisions are crucial to promoting mental and physical health, as well as a financially sustainable lifestyle. In the present study, we set out to investigate some of the possible underlying mechanisms, such as cognitive factors and emotional states, that promote future-oriented decisions. In a cross-sectional experimental study, we used a gain and a loss version of an intertemporal monetary choices task. O

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Salehabadi, Mozhgan Zareyee, Masoomeh Kheirkhah, Nazanin Esmaeeli, and Shima Haghani. "The Impact of Implementing Steps of Empowerment Model on Decisional Conflict for Re-Pregnancy for Women with Failed Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (2021): 1604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551604.

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Background: Failed pregnancy is known as a common and destructive experience. It has physical and psychological effects on both women and their families. Due to this experience, they may become reluctant to be pregnant again. In this regard, providing the coping strategies can help in being adapted to failed pregnancies, and making informed decisions on future pregnancies. So, this study was designed and then performed to determine the effect of implementing steps of empowerment model on decision conflict for re-pregnancy for women with failed pregnancies Method: This interventional research w

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Falbén, Johanna K., Marius Golubickis, Darja Wischerath, et al. "It’s not always about me: The effects of prior beliefs and stimulus prevalence on self–other prioritisation." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 9 (2020): 1466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820913016.

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Although self-relevance is widely acknowledged to enhance stimulus processing, the exclusivity of this effect remains open to question. In particular, in commonly adopted experimental paradigms, the prioritisation of self-relevant (vs. other-relevant) material may reflect the operation of a task-specific strategy rather than an obligatory facet of social-cognitive functioning. By changing basic aspects of the decisional context, it may therefore be possible to generate stimulus-prioritisation effects for targets other than the self. Based on the demonstration that ownership facilitates object

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Teng, Chih-Ching, and Yu-Mei Wang. "Decisional factors driving organic food consumption." British Food Journal 117, no. 3 (2015): 1066–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2013-0361.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how information revealed on organic food labels and perceived organic knowledge drive consumer trust and attitudes towards organic foods, which in turn together with subjective norm eventually influence subsequent purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach – The questionnaire surveys were administered to customers at four urban large-scale supermarkets and three health food stores at three major cities in Taiwan. In total, 693 valid questionnaires were obtained, yielding a response rate of 81.5 per cent. Findings – Trust, serving as th

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Bacon-Macé, Nadège, Holle Kirchner, Michèle Fabre-Thorpe, and Simon J. Thorpe. "Effects of task requirements on rapid natural scene processing: From common sensory encoding to distinct decisional mechanisms." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 33, no. 5 (2007): 1013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.33.5.1013.

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De Sixte, Raquel, and Javier Rosales. "Análisis del discurso motivacional durante la resolución de problemas matemáticos en el aula." Psychology, Society, & Education 9, no. 1 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v9i1.461.

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Resumen: En este trabajo se describe el discurso motivacional de diez profesores de Educación Primaria durante la resolución de un problema de matemáticas en el aula. En concreto, se analizó: 1) Qué estados motivacionales fueron atendidos a lo largo de la interacción (e.g. motivación intrínseca, creencias de eficacia personal, orientación de meta de maestría…); 2) De qué modo fueron facilitados (e.g. la motivación intrínseca mediante el planteamiento de desafíos); y 3) Si el discurso motivacional apareció a lo largo de los tres momentos en que es posible su observación (pre-decisional, postdec

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Marchesan Almeida, Gabriel, Gilles Sassatelli, Pascal Benoit, et al. "An Adaptive Message Passing MPSoC Framework." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2009 (2009): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/242981.

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Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs) offer superior performance while maintaining flexibility and reusability thanks to software oriented personalization. While most MPSoCs are today heterogeneous for better meeting the targeted application requirements, homogeneous MPSoCs may become in a near future a viable alternative bringing other benefits such as run-time load balancing and task migration. The work presented in this paper relies on a homogeneous NoC-based MPSoC framework we developed for exploring scalable and adaptive on-line continuous mapping techniques. Each processor of this sys

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Vanutelli, Maria Elide, Francesca Meroni, Giulia Fronda, Michela Balconi, and Claudio Lucchiari. "Gender Differences and Unfairness Processing during Economic and Moral Decision-Making: A fNIRS Study." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090647.

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Decisional conflicts have been investigated with social decision-making tasks, which represent good models to elicit social and emotional dynamics, including fairness perception. To explore these issues, we created two modified versions of the UG framed within an economic vs. a moral context that included two kinds of unfair offers: advantageous (upside, U) or disadvantageous (downside, D) from the responder’s perspective, and vice-versa for the proponent. The hemodynamic activity of 36 participants, 20 females and 16 males, was continuously recorded with fNIRS to investigate the presence of g

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Coffeng, Tessa, Elianne F. Van Steenbergen, Femke De Vries, and Naomi Ellemers. "Quality of group decisions by board members: a hidden-profile experiment." Management Decision 59, no. 13 (2021): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2020-0893.

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PurposeReaching decisions in a deliberative manner is of utmost importance for boards, as their decision-making impacts entire organisations. The current study aims to investigate (1) the quality of group decisions made by board members, (2) their confidence in, satisfaction with, and reflection on the decision-making, and (3) the effect of two discussion procedures on objective decision quality and subjective evaluations of the decision-making.Design/methodology/approachBoard members of various Dutch non-profit organisations (N = 141) participated in a group decision-making task and a brief q

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Colomé, Àngels. "Representation of numerical magnitude in math-anxious individuals." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 3 (2018): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817752094.

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Larger distance effects in high math-anxious individuals (HMA) performing comparison tasks have previously been interpreted as indicating less precise magnitude representation in this population. A recent study by Dietrich, Huber, Moeller, and Klein limited the effects of math anxiety to symbolic comparison, in which they found larger distance effects for HMA, despite equivalent size effects. However, the question of whether distance effects in symbolic comparison reflect the properties of the magnitude representation or decisional processes is currently under debate. This study was designed t

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De Lurdes Delgado, Maria, and Sylvie Droit-Volet. "Testing the representation of time in reference memory in the bisection and the generalization task: The utility of a developmental approach." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60, no. 6 (2007): 820–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210600790471.

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This study examined the effect of the variability of representation of durations in reference memory on temporal discrimination performance in children aged 5 and 8 years as well as in adults using a bisection (Experiment 1) and a generalization task (Experiment 2). In each task, the participants were familiarized before the blocks of tested trials with either the same referent duration values (fixed condition) or a distribution of referent duration values, with a mean equal to the referent durations used in the fixed condition and a .20 coefficient of variation (variable condition). The resul

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Long, Elizabeth C., Radka Kaneva, Georgi Vasilev, F. Gerard Moeller, and Jasmin Vassileva. "Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Markers for Addiction: Common vs. Specific Endophenotypes for Heroin and Amphetamine Dependence." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 7 (2020): 585–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200131124608.

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Background: The differential utility of neurocognitive impulsivity and externalizing/ internalizing traits as putative endophenotypes for dependence on heroin vs. amphetamine is unclear. Objective: This exploratory study aims to determine: (1) whether neurocognitive impulsivity dimensions and externalizing/internalizing traits are correlated between siblings discordant for heroin and amphetamine dependence; and (2) which of these associations are common across substances and which are substance- specific. Methods: Pearson correlations between individuals with ‘pure’ heroin and amphetamine depe

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Jaquerod, Manon E., Sarah K. Mesrobian, Alessandro E. P. Villa, Michel Bader, and Alessandra Lintas. "Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task." Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010038.

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Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the at

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Khalifa, Mohamed, Farah Magrabi, and Blanca Gallego Luxan. "Evaluating the Impact of the Grading and Assessment of Predictive Tools Framework on Clinicians and Health Care Professionals’ Decisions in Selecting Clinical Predictive Tools: Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (2020): e15770. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15770.

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Background While selecting predictive tools for implementation in clinical practice or for recommendation in clinical guidelines, clinicians and health care professionals are challenged with an overwhelming number of tools. Many of these tools have never been implemented or evaluated for comparative effectiveness. To overcome this challenge, the authors developed and validated an evidence-based framework for grading and assessment of predictive tools (the GRASP framework). This framework was based on the critical appraisal of the published evidence on such tools. Objective The aim of the study

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Bonnet, C., and A. Dufour. "Extracting Distributed Orientations in Different Contexts." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (1996): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96l0511.

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It has been shown that discriminating the orientations of a target is influenced by the spatial distribution of the orientations of similar elements in the background. However, this effect appears to be essentially decisional (Dufour and Bonnet, 1995 Spatial Vision9 307 – 324). In the present experiment, we explored the accuracy with which subjects can discriminate relative proportions of orientations distributed over a surface (background). Stimuli were textures made of 100 segments with regular spacing. Each of the segments had one of four possible orientations. For each display, one of the

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Smith, Philip L., and Simon D. Lilburn. "Vision for the blind: visual psychophysics and blinded inference for decision models." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27, no. 5 (2020): 882–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01742-7.

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Abstract Evidence accumulation models like the diffusion model are increasingly used by researchers to identify the contributions of sensory and decisional factors to the speed and accuracy of decision-making. Drift rates, decision criteria, and nondecision times estimated from such models provide meaningful estimates of the quality of evidence in the stimulus, the bias and caution in the decision process, and the duration of nondecision processes. Recently, Dutilh et al. (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26, 1051–1069, 2019) carried out a large-scale, blinded validation study of decision mod

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Parise, Cesare V., Cesare V. Parise, and Marc O. Ernst. "Multisensory mechanisms for perceptual disambiguation. A classification image study on the stream–bounce illusion." Multisensory Research 26 (2013): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-000s0068.

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Sensory information is inherently ambiguous, and a given signal can in principle correspond to infinite states of the world. A primary task for the observer is therefore to disambiguate sensory information and accurately infer the actual state of the world. Here, we take the stream–bounce illusion as a tool to investigate perceptual disambiguation from a cue-integration perspective, and explore how humans gather and combine sensory information to resolve ambiguity. In a classification task, we presented two bars moving in opposite directions along the same trajectory meeting at the centre. We

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Scarelli, Antonino, and Lorenzo Venzi. "A MULTICRITERIA MODEL FOR SELECTING ELIGIBLE BUYERS FOR LAND CONSOLIDATION." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 8, no. 1 (2004): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2004.9637503.

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The problem of land consolidation is very relevant and Agricultural Policy has ruled particular conditions in the sales of farms. The adjacent neighbours must be involved (pre‐emption right) and in the case of more than one available for the stated price, the choice of the candidate having priority is not an easy task. It has, then, to be considered not only the subjective ability of the farmer, but also the nature, productivity, endowments of his farm with respect to the adjacent one in sale. The adopted procedure takes into account all the attributes related to the farm on sale, to the prosp

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Azam, Md Sikandar, and Musarrat Shaheen. "Decisional factors driving farmers to adopt organic farming in India: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 4 (2019): 562–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2018-0282.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to carry out an empirical investigation of the role of various factors such as economics, social, marketing, cultivation and government in adoption of organic farming. Further, this study examines the factors that influence farmers’ choice of adopting organic farming, based on their demographic classification such as education level, farm size, farming experiences and land ownership of the organic farmers.Design/methodology/approachTo address the research objectives, the primary data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire from 200 respond

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Deplancke, A., L. Madelain, A. Chauvin, P. Cardoso-Leite, A. Gorea, and Y. Coello. "Influence of Near Threshold Visual Distractors on Perceptual Detection and Reaching Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 4 (2010): 2249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01123.2009.

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Providing evidence against a dissociation between conscious vision for perception and unconscious vision for action, recent studies have suggested that perceptual and motor decisions are based on a unique signal but distinct decisional thresholds. The aim of the present study was to provide a direct test of this assumption in a perceptual-motor dual task involving arm movements. In 300 trials, 10 participants performed speeded pointing movements toward a highly visible target located at 10° from the fixation point and ±45° from the body midline. The target was preceded by one or two close to t

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Strelnikov, Kuzma, Mario Hervault, Lidwine Laurent, and Pascal Barone. "When two is worse than one: The deleterious impact of multisensory stimulation on response inhibition." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0251739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251739.

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Multisensory facilitation is known to improve the perceptual performances and reaction times of participants in a wide range of tasks, from detection and discrimination to memorization. We asked whether a multimodal signal can similarly improve action inhibition using the stop–signal paradigm. Indeed, consistent with a crossmodal redundant signal effect that relies on multisensory neuronal integration, the threshold for initiating behavioral responses is known for being reached faster with multisensory stimuli. To evaluate whether this phenomenon also occurs for inhibition, we compared stop si

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Miniussi, C., M. Girelli, and C. A. Marzi. "Neural Site of the Redundant Target Effect: Electrophysiological Evidence." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 2 (1998): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562663.

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The present study represents an attempt to find an electrophysiological correlate of the redundant targets effect, or RTE (i.e., the speeding up of reaction time, or RT, for redundant vs. single targets). Subjects made a speeded response either to one small checkerboard presented to the left or right of fixation or to a pair of identical checkerboards presented simultaneously to both hemifields. Both single and double targets could appear either in the upper or lower visual hemifield. The task required detection but not discrimination of the stimuli. During task performance, we recorded the ev

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Marmel, Frédéric, Fabien Perrin, and Barbara Tillmann. "Tonal Expectations Influence Early Pitch Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 10 (2011): 3095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21632.

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The present study investigated the ERP correlates of the influence of tonal expectations on pitch processing. Participants performed a pitch discrimination task between penultimate and final tones of melodies. These last two tones were a repetition of the same musical note, but penultimate tones were always in tune whereas final tones were slightly out of tune in half of the trials. The pitch discrimination task allowed us to investigate the influence of tonal expectations in attentive listening and, for penultimate tones, without being confounded by decisional processes (occurring on final to

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Buonocore, Antimo, Simran Purokayastha, and Robert D. McIntosh. "Saccade Reorienting Is Facilitated by Pausing the Oculomotor Program." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 12 (2017): 2068–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01179.

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As we look around the world, selecting our targets, competing events may occur at other locations. Depending on current goals, the viewer must decide whether to look at new events or to ignore them. Two experimental paradigms formalize these response options: double-step saccades and saccadic inhibition. In the first, the viewer must reorient to a newly appearing target; in the second, they must ignore it. Until now, the relationship between reorienting and inhibition has been unexplored. In three experiments, we found saccadic inhibition ∼100 msec after a new target onset, regardless of the t

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Nolte, Julia, Corinna Loeckenhoff, and Valerie Reyna. "The Influence of Verbatim Versus Gist Formatting on Younger and Older Adults’ Information Acquisition." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1831.

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Abstract It is well-established that pre-decisional information seeking decreases with age (Mata & Nunes, 2010). However, it is still unknown whether age differences in information acquisition are influenced by the type of information provided. Fuzzy-trace theory suggests that decision makers prefer gist-based over verbatim-based processing, and that this preference increases across the lifespan. Therefore, we hypothesized that age differences arise when presenting participants with verbatim details (such as exact numbers) but not gist information (such as ”extremely poor” or “good”). In a

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Sweke, Ryan, Jean-Pierre Seifert, Dominik Hangleiter, and Jens Eisert. "On the Quantum versus Classical Learnability of Discrete Distributions." Quantum 5 (March 23, 2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-23-417.

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Here we study the comparative power of classical and quantum learners for generative modelling within the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) framework. More specifically we consider the following task: Given samples from some unknown discrete probability distribution, output with high probability an efficient algorithm for generating new samples from a good approximation of the original distribution. Our primary result is the explicit construction of a class of discrete probability distributions which, under the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption, is provably not efficiently PAC learnable

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Roy, Raphaëlle N., Nicolas Drougard, Thibault Gateau, Frédéric Dehais, and Caroline P. C. Chanel. "How Can Physiological Computing Benefit Human-Robot Interaction?" Robotics 9, no. 4 (2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics9040100.

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As systems grow more automatized, the human operator is all too often overlooked. Although human-robot interaction (HRI) can be quite demanding in terms of cognitive resources, the mental states (MS) of the operators are not yet taken into account by existing systems. As humans are no providential agents, this lack can lead to hazardous situations. The growing number of neurophysiology and machine learning tools now allows for efficient operators’ MS monitoring. Sending feedback on MS in a closed-loop solution is therefore at hand. Involving a consistent automated planning technique to handle

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Jepsen, J. R. M., J. Rydkjaer, B. Fagerlund, et al. "Overlapping and disease specific trait, response, and reflection impulsivity in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 4 (2017): 604–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001921.

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BackgroundSchizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are developmental disorders with shared clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairments and impulsivity. Impulsivity is a core feature of ADHD and an important factor in aggression, violence, and substance use in schizophrenia. Based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia and ADHD represent a continuum of neurodevelopmental impairments, the aim was to identify overlapping and disease specific forms of impulsivity.MethodsAdolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disord

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