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1
Moss, Andrew M. "Analysis of a Gravity Hinge System for Wind Turbines." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624479290234317.
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2
Cho, Myung Kyu. "Structural deflections and optical performances of lightweight mirrors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184875.
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A parametric design study of light weight mirror shapes with various support conditions was performed utilizing the finite element program NASTRAN. Improvements in the mirror performance were made based on the following design criteria: (1) minimization of the optical surface wavefront variations, (2) minimization of the self-weight directly related to cost of manufacturing, and (3) optimal location of support points. A pre-processor to automatically generate a finite element model for each mirror geometry was developed in order to obtain the structural deformations systematically. Additionally, a post-processor, which prepares an input data file for FRINGE (an optical computer code) was developed for generating the optical deflections that lead to the surface wavefront variations. Procedures and modeling techniques to achieve the optimum (the lightest and stiffest mirror shape due to self-weight) were addressed. Fundamental natural frequency analyses, for contoured back mirror shapes for a variety of support conditions, were performed and followed by comparisons of the results which were obtained from NASTRAN and a closed-form approximate solution. In addition, element validity and sensitivity studies were conducted to demonstrate the behavior of the element types provided in the NASTRAN program when used for optical applications. Scaling Laws for the evaluations of the optical performances and the fundamental frequencies were established.
3
Qin, Jianfeng. "Predicting Flexible Pavement Structural Response Using Falling Weight Deflectometer Deflections." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1275612839.
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4
Nayyerloo, Mostafa. "Real-time Structural Health Monitoring of Nonlinear Hysteretic Structures." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6581.
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The great social and economic impact of earthquakes has made necessary the development of novel structural health monitoring (SHM) solutions for increasing the level of structural safety and assessment. SHM is the process of comparing the current state of a structure’s condition relative to a healthy baseline state to detect the existence, location, and degree of likely damage during or after a damaging input, such as an earthquake. Many SHM algorithms have been proposed in the literature. However, a large majority of these algorithms cannot be implemented in real time. Therefore, their results would not be available during or immediately after a major event for urgent post-event response and decision making. Further, these off-line techniques are not capable of providing the input information required for structural control systems for damage mitigation. The small number of real-time SHM (RT-SHM) methods proposed in the past, resolve these issues. However, these approaches have significant computational complexity and typically do not manage nonlinear cases directly associated with relevant damage metrics. Finally, many available SHM methods require full structural response measurement, including velocities and displacements, which are typically difficult to measure. All these issues make implementation of many existing SHM algorithms very difficult if not impossible.
This thesis proposes simpler, more suitable algorithms utilising a nonlinear Bouc-Wen hysteretic baseline model for RT-SHM of a large class of nonlinear hysteretic structures. The RT-SHM algorithms are devised so that they can accommodate different levels of the availability of design data or measured structural responses, and therefore, are applicable to both existing and new structures. The second focus of the thesis is on developing a high-speed, high-resolution, seismic structural displacement measurement sensor to enable these methods and many other SHM approaches by using line-scan cameras as a low-cost and powerful means of measuring structural displacements at high sampling rates and high resolution. Overall, the results presented are thus significant steps towards developing smart, damage-free structures and providing more reliable information for post-event decision making.
5
Rockstroh, Benjamin Andreas. "An investigation into the effects of early propping removal on the deflection of reinforced concrete beams." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29285.
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In today’s fast paced construction industry, there is an ever present need to increase productivity and to complete projects as quickly as possible. Reinforced concrete is a popular and widely used construction material. However it has the unfortunate drawback in that the concrete requires time to set and gain sufficient strength before loads may be applied and the formwork and props can be removed. It is therefore desirable to keep propping times to a minimum. If the propping is removed too early, there is a risk of the member deflecting excessively and exceeding the maximum allowable limits, or in severe cases it could even lead to a structural failure or collapse. The SANS 2001 code provides recommended propping times for beams and slabs, which can be used as a guideline by building contractors and structural designers. These propping times present a universal approach, which does not consider all the factors that affect deflection. This simplified approach may be considered to be conservative as shorter propping durations could be possible without a loss in performance. The aim of this dissertation is to look into the effects of early propping removal on the longterm deflections of concrete members. This was done by modelling the deflection of a typical reinforced concrete beam at different ages of loading, using three code-based deflection calculation methods. The codes that were used are the South African National Standard (SANS), Eurocode (EC2) and American Concrete Institute code (ACI 318). A detailed literature-based investigation was conducted to determine the factors which affect deflection in reinforced concrete members, as well as the theory behind the code-based deflection calculation procedures. This was followed by the modelling of deflections using the abovementioned methods. Three case studies were performed to determine the effects of early propping removal under different scenarios. The first case study only deals with the effects of early age loading on long-term deflection. As an added point of interest, two different concrete mixes were used, made with two different types of cement. The second case study compares the effect that different levels of relative humidity have on the long term deflection at early ages of loading. Lastly, the effects of concrete strength on long-term deflections at early ages of loading was modelled. The results of the first case study indicated that a reduction in propping time is possible without causing excessive deflections. In the second and third case study is was observed that both the relative humidity and concrete strength respectively have an effect on the long term deflection and therefore also influence the propping time. The study concluded that based on the obtained estimated deflection values using the codebased methods, the propping times provided in the SANS 2001 code may in certain applications be conservative. According to the results obtained from the code-based deflection calculation procedures, it is possible to reduce the propping duration. It was suggested that an alternative method should be developed which would allow structural designers to determine the required propping time more accurately.
6
Chu, Kwong-Yiu. "A study of the deflection and strength of partially prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendons." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/184/.
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Fifteen beams with-unbonded tendons consisting of I and rectangular sections with different amounts of prestressed and non-prestressed reinforcement, were tested under short-term and sustained loading and a combination of sustained loading with intermittent short-term cyclic loading(combined loading). Two additional ordinary reinforced concrete beams were tested under combined loading for comparison purposes. Results indicated that a noticeable amount of non-recoverable residual deflection occurred due to the effect of cyclic load. The cause was believed to be non-recoverable creep strain and increased creep rate under cyclic loading. An analytical method was formulated for calculating the short-term deflection of unbonded partially prestressed beams. The deflection was calculated by integration of curvature based on the recommendations of CP110, Appendix A, with certain modification. The computed results agreed well with the experiments. The experimental deflection was also checked against the computed results according to the Model Code and the ACI Code. The former was found to be unconservative for unbonded I-section beams. The ACI Code I-effective formula might require modification of the power in order to produce consistently conservative results. Moreover, the ACI simplified formula for calculating the long-term deflection was unconservative for unbonded beams both for sustained and combined loading. The flexural strength of the test beams was greater than predicted by the CP110, Tam-Pannell and the ACI Code methods mainly due to underestimation of the tendon stress at ultimate moment. The stress in the tendon reached the 0.2% proof stress and the stress in the non-prestressed steel sometimes reached the 2.5% proof stress. The friction between the tendon and the concrete caused localised stress change and hence increased the strength of the unbonded beam significantly.
7
Frech-Baronet, Jessy. "Multi-scale characterization and modelling of the long-term deflection of concrete structures." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66417.
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8
Abayakoon, Sarath Bandara Samarasinghe. "Large deflection elastic-plastic analysis of plate structures by the finite strip method." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26946.
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A solution procedure based on the finite strip method is presented herein, for the analysis of plate systems exhibiting geometric and material non-linearities. Special emphasis is given to the particular problem of rectangular plates with stiffeners running in a direction parallel to one side of the plate. The finite strip method is selected for the analysis as the geometry of the problem is well suited for the application of this method and also as the problem is too complicated to solve analytically.
Large deflection effects are included in the present study, by taking first, order non-linearities in strain-displacement relations into account. Material non-linearities are handled by following von-Mises yield criterion and associated flow rule. A bi-linear stress-strain relationship is assumed for the plate material, if tested under uniaxial conditions. Numerical integration of virtual work equations is performed by employing Gauss quadrature. The number of integration points required in a given direction is determined either by observing the individual terms to be integrated or by previous experience. The final set of non-linear equations is solved via a Newton-Raphson iterative scheme, starting with the linear solution.
Numerical investigations are carried out by applying the finite strip computer programme
to analyse uniformly loaded rectangular and I beams with both simply supported and clamped ends. Displacements, stresses and moments along the beam are compared with analytical solutions in linear analyses and with finite element solutions in non-linear analyses. Investigations are also extended to determine the response of laterally loaded square plates with simply supported and clamped boundaries. Finally, a uniformly loaded stiffened panel is analysed and the results are compared with finite element results. It was revealed that a single mode in the strip direction was sufficient to yield engineering accuracy for design purposes, with most problems.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Civil Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
9
Özdemir, Aytekin, Zeki Hayran, Yuzuru Takashima, and Hamza Kurt. "Polarization independent high transmission large numerical aperture laser beam focusing and deflection by dielectric Huygens’ metasurfaces." ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625955.
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In this letter, we propose all-dielectric Huygens' metasurface structures to construct high numerical aperture flat lenses and beam deflecting devices. The designed metasurface consists of two-dimensional array of all dielectric nanodisk resonators with spatially varying radii, thereby introducing judiciously designed phase shift to the propagating light. Owing to the overlap of Mie-type magnetic and electric resonances, high transmission was achieved with rigorous design analysis. The designed flat lenses have numerical aperture value of 0.85 and transmission values around 80%. It also offers easy fabrication and compatibility with available semiconductor technology. This spectrally and physically scalable, versatile design could implement efficient wavefront manipulation or beam shaping for high power laser beams, as well as various optical microscopy applications without requiring plasmonic structures that are susceptible to ohmic loss of metals and sensitive to the polarization of light.
10
Liang, Anthony. "Electric deflection measurements of sodium clusters in a molecular beam." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31750.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: de Heer, Walter; Committee Member: Chou, Mei-Yin; Committee Member: First, Phillip; Committee Member: Whetten, Robert; Committee Member: Zangwill, Andrew. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
11
Dedhia, Sanjay Z. "Study of the effect of structural variables of die on die deflections." Connect to this title online, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1102101285.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1997.<br>Advisor: Richard Allen Miller, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-142). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.
12
Drinali, Hayat. "Full-range axisymmetric elasto-plastic large deflection of circular and annular plates under transverse, in-plane and combined loading." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254094.
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13
Paul, Matthew G. "Wing Deflection Analysis of 3D Printed Wind Tunnel Models." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1751.
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This work investigates the feasibility of producing small scale, low aerodynamic loading wind tunnel models, using FDM 3D printing methods, that are both structurally and aerodynamically representative in the wind tunnel. To verify the applicability of this approach, a 2.07% scale model of the NASA CRM was produced, whose wings were manufacturing using a Finite Deposition Modeling 3D printer. Experimental data was compared to numerical simulations to determine percent difference in wake distribution and wingtip deflection for multiple configurations.
Numerical simulation data taken in the form of CFD and FEA was used to validate data taken in the wind tunnel experiments. The experiment utilized a wake rake to measure 3 different spanwise locations of the wing for aerodynamic data, and a videogrammetry method was used to measure the deflection of the wingtips for structural data. Both numerical simulations and experiments were evaluated at Reynolds numbers of 258,000 and 362,000 at 0 degrees angle of attack, and 258,000 at 5 degrees angle of attack.
Results indicate that the wing wake minimum in the wind tunnel test had shifted approximately 8.8mm at the wingtip for the Nylon 910 wing at 258,000 Reynolds number for 0 degrees angle of attack when compared to CFD. Videogrammetry results indicate that the wing deflected 5.9mm, and has an 18.6% difference from observed deflection in FEA. This reveals the potential for small scale wind tunnel models to be more representative of true flight behavior for low loading scenarios.
14
Howard, Joseph Neil. "Investigation of the Structural Behavior of Asphalt/Wood Deck Systems for Girder Bridges." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36791.
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Glue laminated wood deck systems are commonly used for
bridge decks on girder bridge systems. These decks are
usually covered with a hot-mix asphalt wearing surface
in conjunction with a bituminized fabric sheet waterproofing
membrane. Often cracks occur in the asphalt at the
intersection of two adjacent deck panels which limits the
useful life of the wear surface, provides a poor riding
surface and potentially allows moisture to flow to wooden
bridge components.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the
structural behavior of asphalt/wood/membrane deck systems.
This was accomplished experimentally by determining the
deflection of bridge deck panels with respect to each other
under simulated truck loading. A classical linear analysis
model and a finite element analysis model were developed for
the deck panel deflections. These analytical results were
compared to the experimental results and a value of
approximately 0.05 in for the interpanel differential
deflection was determined to be a reasonable, conservative
value for the typical configuration considered. This
deflection was then used to load various asphalt/membrane/
wood configurations to investigate the effectiveness of the
arrangement with regards to resisting hot-mix asphalt
cracking. It was found that when subjected to repeated
deflections of 0.05 in, the following experimental composite
bridge deck performed best in terms of reduced cracking:
1) hot-mix asphalt base layer applied directly onto the
glulam deck panel; 2) waterproofing membrane placed on the
base layer of asphalt; 3) hot-mix asphalt surface layer
placed on the waterproofing membrane.<br>Master of Science
15
Cloete, Renier. "A simplified finite element model for time-dependent deflections of flat slabs." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05302005-123208/.
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16
Giles, Adam R. "Deflection and shape change of smart composite laminates using shape memory alloy actuators." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7698.
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Shape memory materials have been known for many years to possess the unique ability of memorising their shape at some temperature. If these materials are pre-strained into the plastic range, they tend to recover their original un-strained shapes via phase transformation when subjected to heat stimulation. In recent years, this shape memory effect (SME) or strain recovery capability has been explored in aerospace structures for actuating the real-time movement of structural components. Among all the shape memory materials, the nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy (SMA) has by far received the most attention because of its high recovery capabilities. Since SMAs are usually drawn into the form of wires, they are particularly suitable for being integrated into fibre-reinforced composite structures. These integrated composite structures with SMA wires are thus called smart adaptive structures. To achieve the SME, these wires are normally embedded in the host composite structures. In returning to their unstrained shape upon heat application, they tend to exert internal stresses on the host composite structures in which they are embedded. This action could result in a controlled change in shape of the structural components. Although there has been a significant amount of research dedicated to characterising and modelling the SME of SMA wires, little experimental work had been done to offer an in-depth understanding of the mechanical behaviour of these smart adaptive polymeric composite structures. This project examined the deflection and shape change of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy cantilever beams through heating and cooling of internal nitinol SMA wires/strips. The heat damage mechanism and cyclic behaviour are major factors in the operation of such a system and need to be clearly understood in order to develop and gain confidence for the possible implementation of future smart actuating systems. Therefore, the objectives of the proposed research were to investigate (i) effect of embedding SMA, wires on mechanical properties of host composite, (ii) assessment of single-cycle and multiple-cycle actuation performance of smart beams, and (iii) thermal effects of excessive heat on the surrounding composite matrix.
17
Di, Pisa Corrado. "Boundary element method for fracture mechanics analysis of thin-walled assembled structures undergoing large deflection." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424714.
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18
Asnaashari, Erfan. "Vibration-based damage detection in structures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/vibrationbased-damage-detection-in-structures(09061582-55fb-4fba-846e-2156dd4ef172).html.
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Structural health monitoring systems have a great potential for cost saving and safety improvement in different types of structures. One of the most important tasks of these systems is to identify damage at an early stage of its development. A variety of methods may be used to identify, locate, or quantify the extent of damage or fault in a structural or mechanical component. However, the preferable method is the one which maximises the probability of detecting the flaw, while also considering feasibility of in-situ testing, ease of use and economic factors. Cracks are one of the common defects in structural components that may ultimately lead to failure of structures if not detected. The presence of cracks in a structure brings about local variations in the stiffness of the structure. These variations cause the dynamic behaviour of the cracked structure to be different from that of a healthy one. Vibration-based damage detection methods have attracted considerable attention over the past few decades. These methods generally use changes to the physical properties of structures for the purpose of crack detection. In this thesis, two new vibration-based methods have been developed for damage detection in beam-like and rotor-type structures. The first method performs the entire signal processing required for crack detection in time domain. It is based on assessing the normality of vibration responses using the normal probability plot (NPP). The amount of deviation between the actual and normal distribution of measured vibration responses was calculated along the length of the structure to localise the crack. The second proposed method converts the vibration responses into frequency domain for further processing. Excitation of the cracked structure at a given frequency always generates higher harmonic components of the exciting frequency due to the breathing of the crack. This method uses the operational deflection shape of the structure at the exciting frequency and its higher harmonics to identify the crack location. Avoiding complicated signal processing in frequency domain is the main advantage of the first method. However, more precise identification of crack locations can be obtained through the second method. Generally, both methods have the advantage of being easy, reference-free and applicable to in-situ testing for any structure. The concept and computational approach of both methods along with their validations through numerical and experimental examples have been presented. Moreover, different input excitations have been used to evaluate the capability of the developed methods in detecting the crack location(s).
19
Choi, JungHun. "Design and Development of a Minimally Invasive Endoscope: Highly Flexible Stem with Large Deflection and Stiffenable Exoskeleton Structure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26218.
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Colonoscopy provides a minimally invasive tool for examining and treating the colon without surgery, but current endoscope designs still cause a degree of pain and injury to the colon wall. The most common colonoscopies are long tubes inserted through the rectum, with locomotion actuators, fiber optic lights, cameras, and biopsy tools on the distal end. The stiffness required to support these tools makes it difficult for the scopes to navigate the twisted path of the colon without damaging the inside wall of the colon or distorting its shape. In addition, little is known about how sharp and forceful endoscopes can be without accidentally cutting into tissue during navigation.
In order to solve the requirements of stiffness (to support tools) and flexibility (to navigate turns), we expanded on a design by Zehel et al. [49], who proposed surrounding a flexible endoscope with an external exoskeleton structure, with controllable stiffness. The exoskeleton structure is comprised of rigid, articulating tubular units, which are stiffened or relaxed by four control cables. The stiffened or locked exoskeleton structure aids navigation and provides stability for the endoscope when it protrudes beyond the exoskeleton structure for examination and procedures. This research determined the design requirements of such an exoskeleton structure and simulated its behavior in a sigmoid colon model.
To predict just how pointed an endoscope can be without damaging tissue under a given force, we extrapolated a strength model of the descending colon from published stress-strain curves of human colon tissue. Next we analyzed how friction, cable forces, and unit angles interact to hold the exoskeleton structure in a locked position. By creating two- and three-dimensional models of the exoskeleton structure, we optimized the dimensions of the units of an exoskeleton structure (diameter, thickness, and leg angle) and cable holders ( cable attachment location) to achieve the turns of the sigmoid colon, while still remaining lockable. Models also predicted the loss of force over the exoskeleton structure due to curving, further determining the required cable angles and friction between units. Finally we determined how the stiffness of the endoscope stem affected locking ability and wear inside the exoskeleton structure.<br>Ph. D.
20
Kim, Taehyoun 1959. "Nonlinear large amplitude structural and aeroelastic behavior of composite rotor blades at large static deflection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43251.
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Shrestha, Shivesh. "Development of structural condition thresholds for TSD measurements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78039.
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This thesis presents (a) results of a field evaluation of the Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) in the United States (b) deflection thresholds to classify the pavement structural condition obtained from the TSD for a small subset of the Pennsylvania secondary road network. The results of the field evaluation included: (1) repeatability of the TSD, (2) ability of the TSD to identify pavement sections with varying structural conditions, and (3) consistency between the structural number (SNeff) calculated from the TSD and SNeff calculated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). The results showed consistent error standard deviation in the TSD measurements and that the TSD was able to identify pavement sections that varied in structural condition. Comparison of the SNeff calculated with TSD measurements, using an empirically developed equation by Rohde, with the SNeff calculated by PennDOT’s Pavement Management System based on construction history showed similar trends, although the TSD-calculated SNeff was higher.
In order to develop deflection thresholds, a model that related the pavement surface condition to pavement surface age and structural condition was developed. Structural condition thresholds were then selected so that the pavement surface condition predicted from the model for a 10-year-old pavement surface fell within one of the three condition categories (Good, Fair, and Poor), to identify pavements in good, fair and poor condition. With Overall Pavement Index(OPI) characterizing the surface condition and Deflection Slope Index(DSI) characterizing the structural condition, the DSI threshold that separates structurally good from structurally fair pavements was determined as follows: (1) the OPI threshold that separates pavements with good surface condition from those with fair surface condition was obtained from the Pennsylvania Pavement Management System (PMS) and (2) the DSI thresholds were calculated using the determined OPI value and the model equation.<br>Master of Science<br>This thesis presents (a) some of the results of a field evaluation of the Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD) in the United States (b) deflection thresholds to classify the pavement structural condition obtained from the TSD for a small subset of the Pennsylvania secondary road network. The results of the field evaluation included: (1) repeatability of the TSD: which is the variation in repeated TSD measurements on the same section of the road, (2) ability of the TSD to identify pavement sections with varying structural conditions, and (3) consistency between the structural number (SNeff) calculated from the TSD and SNeff calculated by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). The pavement structural number is an abstract number expressing the structural strength of the pavement. The results showed that the TSD measurements were repeatable and that the TSD was able to identify pavement sections that varied in structural condition. Comparison of the SNeff calculated with TSD measurements, using an empirically developed equation by Rohde, with the SNeff calculated by PennDOT Pavement Management System based on construction history showed similar trends, although the TSD-calculated SNeff was higher.
In order to develop deflection thresholds to categorize pavements in different condition: good, fair and poor, a model that related the pavement surface condition to pavement surface age and structural condition was developed. Structural condition thresholds were then selected so that the pavement surface condition predicted from the model for a 10-year-old pavement surface fell within one of the three condition categories (Good, Fair, and Poor), to identify pavements in good, fair and poor condition. With Overall Pavement Index(OPI) characterizing the surface condition and Deflection Slope Index(DSI) characterizing the structural condition, the DSI threshold that separates structurally good from structurally fair pavements was determined as follows: (1) the OPI threshold that separates pavements with good surface condition from those with fair surface condition was obtained from the Pennsylvania Pavement Management System (PMS) and (2) the DSI thresholds were calculated using the determined OPI value and the model equation.
22
Lee, Seung Joon. "Nonlinear analysis of smart composite plate and shell structures." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2218.
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Theoretical formulations, analytical solutions, and finite element solutions for laminated composite plate and shell structures with smart material laminae are presented in the study. A unified third-order shear deformation theory is formulated and used to study vibration/deflection suppression characteristics of plate and shell structures. The von K??rm??n type geometric nonlinearity is included in the formulation. Third-order shear deformation theory based on Donnell and Sanders nonlinear shell theories is chosen for the shell formulation. The smart material used in this study to achieve damping of transverse deflection is the Terfenol-D magnetostrictive material. A negative velocity feedback control is used to control the structural system with the constant control gain. The Navier solutions of laminated composite plates and shells of rectangular planeform are obtained for the simply supported boundary conditions using the linear theories. Displacement finite element models that account for the geometric nonlinearity and dynamic response are developed. The conforming element which has eight degrees of freedom per node is used to develop the finite element model. Newmark's time integration scheme is used to reduce the ordinary differential equations in time to algebraic equations. Newton-Raphson iteration scheme is used to solve the resulting nonlinear finite element equations. A number of parametric studies are carried out to understand the damping characteristics of laminated composites with embedded smart material layers.
23
Le, Boursicaud Vinciane. "Nouvelles utilisations des mesures de bassins de déflexion pour caractériser l’état structurel des chaussées." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0036/document.
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L’évaluation des caractéristiques structurelles des chaussées permet l’optimisation de leur maintenance. La mesure de déflexion est une mesure de base de cette évaluation. Aujourd’hui,seuls la déflexion maximale et le rayon de courbures ont analysés. Pourtant, le curviamètre et le déflectographe relèvent le bassin de déflexion complet dont l’analyse permettrait d’extraire des paramètres plus sensibles à l’endommagement des chaussées. Actuellement, l’interprétation des mesures est seulement qualitative et aucun calcul inverse de l’état de dommage de la structure n’est réalisé. La thèse vise à améliorer l’interprétation des mesures de déflexion. Le fonctionnement des appareils a montré que leurs hypothèses de mesure conduisent à des biais de mesure. Pour pallier ce problème, une procédure de correction des mesures a été mise en place. La comparaison avec des bassins théoriques a montré que la méthode de correction était satisfaisante. Ensuite, une étude numérique visant à déterminer la sensibilité du bassin de déflexion à la présence de différents défauts a été conduite. Celle ci a montré que les indicateurs classiques de la mesure de déflexion étaient peu sensibles à un endommagement dans la chaussée. Une méthodologie a donc été développée pour la création d’indicateurs optimisés à un type de défauts spécifiques. L’étude sur cas théoriques a conduit à l’obtention de résultats concluants. L’ensemble de ces travaux a ensuite été validé sur sites expérimentaux pour des mesures de répétabilité, mais également sur site avec la présence avérée de défauts. Finalement, la thèse a envisagé l’utilisation des travaux précédents sur des mesures réelles recueillies sur itinéraire<br>The evaluation of the structural characteristics of pavements is involved in their maintenance. The measurement of deflection is a key indicator of this evaluation. Currently, only the maximum deflection and the radius of curvature are analyzed. However, the curviameter and the deflectograph are able to record the whole deflection bowl and the parameters deduced from thismeasurement could help to better characterized damages on pavements. The interpretation of the measurements is only qualitative and back calculation of pavement layer moduli gives unsatisfactory results. The thesis aims to improve the interpretation of deflection measurements. The working principle of these apparatus and the measurement assumptions introduce several measurement biases.To overcome these issues, a correction process has been developed. The comparison with theoretical basins has given satisfactory results on bituminous or flexible pavements. Then, a numerical study has been conducted to determine the influence of pavements damages on the deflection measurement. By this study, it has been showed that the usual indicators of the deflection measurement are notable to detect all damages. So, a methodology hasbeen developed in order to create an optimized indicator specified to a special defect. A study on numerical results has been conducted to validate the implementation of these indicators. Then, the correction method and these new indicators have been tested on experimental sites with and without damages. At last, the research works have been studied at network level
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Jacobucci, Cody. "Automating structural stress analysis : beam deflection, shear, and moment diagram generator for single and multi-span beams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112575.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (page 87).<br>A new tool has been developed with Aurora Flight Sciences to automate stress analysis of beams under loading. It is a Microsoft Excel based tool to be consistent with Aurora's other analysis tools and analyst preference, and is coded in Visual Basic. The tool can generate the shear, moment, and deflection diagram of a single span or multi-span beam in less than 10 seconds for any combination of edge constraints and applied loads, as well as output the reaction force at each support. The tool can also analyze beams that change material or shape after reaching a support to account for changes in longer beams across the airframe.<br>by Cody Jacobucci.<br>S.B.
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Bliuc, Radu Aerospace Civil & Mechanical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Particularities of the structural behaviour of reinforced high strength concrete slabs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Aerospace, Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38749.
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The introduction of high strength concrete in construction demanded an assessment of the current methods of structural design. In the case of the slabs, the benefits brought about by concretes of higher strength could translate into design of slender sections. Theoretically these sections could be prone to excessive deflections. The flexural behaviour of such structural elements should be carefully assessed. The present thesis addresses a series of particular issues such as deflection at service loads, crack formation and development of tension stiffening and ductility. An experimental program on large-scale samples was conducted. Six one way and four two way slabs made of reinforced high strength concrete were tested under simulated and accurately measured equally distributed loads. Different loading stages were recorded. Crack formation, crack patterns and yield line disposition were observed. The main characteristics of concrete that influence the deflection behaviour were assessed based on collected data and on available literature results. Statistical methods were employed in order to refine empirical equations that help in the design of slabs. To improve the calculation of deflection of slabs a new equation for the effective moment of inertia was proposed. The new formula was integrated into a method of calculating deflection and verified against experimental results. Limits of the use of high strength concrete in slabs were investigated by means of a parametric study. This was designed to answer some questions as: which would be the most important characteristics of high-strength concrete that influence the design and up to what value of strength would the beneficial effect on deflection exhaust its effectiveness. Models based on the refined empirical equations for different concrete parameters were proposed. Another area that has been studied was the ductility of high strength concrete slabs. An analytical comparative study of the ductility of slabs reinforced with steel of different ductility class was conducted. Results were critically appraised and discussed.
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Centelles, Soler Xavier. "Structural glass in buildings: study of the deflection, durability, and breakage of laminated glass elements and polymeric interlayers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671405.
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Aquesta tesi doctoral avalua el comportament estructural del vidre laminat mitjançant la recerca bibliogràfica, assajos experimentals i simulacions. Alguns dels assajos experimentals duts a terme es centren en lˇestudi de les deformacions abans de la ruptura inicial del vidre, mentre que en altres sˇassoleix la ruptura per tal dˇavaluar la seguretat port-ruptura. A més a més, es fa especial èmfasi en el material intercalari que uneix les làmines de vidre entre elles, per la seva importància en el comportament global del vidre laminat. Els resultats mostren com, malgrat que el vidre és fràgil, els elements estructurals de vidre laminat poden resistir càrregues elevades i complir amb els requeriments de seguretat. No obstant, és fonamental triar els paràmetres de disseny adequats, com el tipus de vidre, el número i gruix de les làmines de vidre i el material intercalari, perquè poden tenir molta rellevància, especialment en cas de ruptura accidental.<br>Esta tesis doctoral evalúa el comportamiento mecánico del vidrio laminado mediante un estudio bibliográfico, ensayos experimentales y simulaciones. Algunos de los ensayos llevados a cabo se centran en el estudio de las deformaciones, mientras que en otros se alcanza la rotura para evaluar también el comportamiento post-rotura. Se presta especial atención al intercalario polimérico que se usa para unir las láminas de vidrio entre ellas, por su rol determinante tanto antes como después de la rotura del vidrio. Los resultados muestran cómo, a pesar de que el vidrio es frágil, los elementos de vidrio laminado pueden resistir cargas elevadas y cumplir con los requerimientos de seguridad. Sin embargo, es esencial elegir los parámetros de diseño adecuados, como el tipo de vidrio, el número y grosor de láminas de vidrio y el material intercalario, porque pueden tener un gran impacto en el comportamiento mecánico, especialmente en caso de rotura accidental.<br>This PhD evaluates the structural performance of laminated glass through literature research, experimental testing, and numerical simulation. Some of the conducted experimental tests focus on the deformational study before initial glass fracture, while in others the failure of the specimens is reached in order to evaluate the post-breakage safety as well. Special attention is paid to the polymeric interlayer that creates a bond between glass sheets, because it plays a key role in both the pre- and post-breakage stages. The results of this thesis show that, although glass is brittle, laminated glass elements can resist high loads and comply with safety regulations. However, it is essential to choose the right design parameters (e.g., type of glass, number of glass sheets, and interlayer material), because these can have a high impact on the mechanical behaviour, especially in case of accidental breakage.
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Yousof, Mohamad. "Analytical Model for Lateral Deflection in Cold-formed Steel Framed Shear Walls with Steel Sheathing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700013/.
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An analytical model for lateral deflection in cold-formed steel shear walls sheathed with steel is developed in this research. The model is based on the four factors: fastener displacement, steel sheet deformation, and hold-down deformation, which are from the effective strip concept and a complexity factor, which accounts for the additional influential factors not considered in the previous three terms. The model uses design equations based on the actual material and mechanical properties of the shear wall. Furthermore, the model accounts for aggressive and conservative designers by predicting deflection at different shear strength degrees.
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Burokas, Tomas. "Superplačiajuosčių lėtinimo ir kreipimo sistemų modeliavimas ir analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060627_083354-45290.
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Aim and tasks of the work. The aim of this work is to investigate insufficiently analyzed variants of the electrodynamic super-wide-band slow-wave structures, create their models, improve methods of analysis, analyze properties of the systems and reveal potentiality of the traveling-wave cathode-ray tubes, slow-wave structures. In order to achieve the aim it is necessary:
1. To improve method for evaluation of non-linear distortions in the traveling-wave cathode-ray tubes and reveal possibilities of reduction of non-linear distortions.
2. To create models of the insufficiently analyzed variants of slow-wave structures and reveal properties of the slow-wave structures.
3. To reveal influence of periodical non-homogeneities on properties of slow-wave structures, simulate and reveal influence of transitions to properties of slow-wave structures and traveling-wav cathode-ray tubes.
4. To make investigation of potentiality of slow-wave structures and traveling-wave cathode-ray tubes and select variants of slow-wave structures that can guarantee wide band and high operating speed of the traveling-wave cathode-ray tubes.
Scientific novelty and practical value. Models of insufficiently simulated slow-wave structures were created and their properties were analyzed. According to analysis and modeling results, variants of systems were selected that can guarantee the wide pass-band and high operating speed of the traveling-wave cathode-ray tubes.
Using finite element method calculation... [to full text]
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Kong, Hye-Eun. "Design of One-Story Hollow Structural Section (HSS) Columns Subjected to Large Seismic Drift." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94024.
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During an earthquake, columns in a one-story building must support vertical gravity loads while undergoing large lateral drifts associated with deflections of the vertical seismic force resisting system and deflections of the flexible roof diaphragm. Analyzing the behavior of these gravity columns is complex since not only is there an interaction between compression and bending, but also the boundary conditions are not perfectly pinned or fixed. In this research, the behavior of steel columns that are square hollow structural sections (HSS) is investigated for stability using three design methods: elastic design, plastic hinge design, and pinned base design. First, for elastic design, the compression and flexural strength of the HSS columns are calculated according to the AISC specifications, and the story drift ratio that causes the interaction equation to be violated for varying axial force demands is examined. Then, a simplified design procedure is proposed; this procedure includes a modified interaction equation applicable to HSS column design based on a parameter, Pnh/Mn, and a set of design charts are provided. Second, a plastic hinge design is grounded in the concept that a stable plastic hinge makes the column continue to resist the gravity load while undergoing large drifts. Based on the available test data and the analytical results from finite element models, three limits on the width to thickness ratios are developed for steel square HSS columns. Lastly, for pinned base design, the detailing of a column base connection is schematically described. Using FE modeling, it is shown that it is possible to create rotational stiffness below a limit such that negligible moment develops at the column base. All the design methods are demonstrated with a design example<br>Master of Science<br>One-story buildings are one of the most economical types of structures built for industrial, commercial, or recreational use. During an earthquake, columns in a one-story building must support vertical gravity loads while undergoing large lateral displacements, referred to as story drift. Vertical loads cause compression forces, and lateral drifts produce bending moments. The interaction between these forces makes it more complex to analyze the behavior of these gravity columns. Moreover, since the column base is not perfectly fixed to the ground, there are many boundary conditions applicable to the column base depending on the fixity condition. For these reasons, the design for columns subjected to lateral drifts while supporting axial compressive forces has been a growing interest of researchers in the field. However, many researchers have focused more on wide-flange section (I-shape) steel columns rather than on tube section columns, known as hollow structural section (HSS) steel columns. In this research, the behavior of steel square tube section columns is investigated for stability using three design methods: elastic design, plastic hinge design, and pinned base design. First, for elastic design, the compression and flexural strength of the HSS columns are calculated according to current code equations, and the story drift that causes failure for varying axial force demands is examined. Then, a simplified design procedure is proposed including design charts. Second, a plastic hinge design is grounded in the concept that controlled yielding at the column base makes the column continue to resist the gravity load while undergoing large drifts. Based on the available test data and results from computational models, three limits on the width to thickness ratios of the tubes are developed. Lastly, for pinned base design, concepts for detailing a column base connection with negligible bending resistance is schematically described. Using a computational model, it is shown that the column base can be detailed to be sufficiently flexible to allow rotation. All the design methods are demonstrated with a design example.
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Hvozdenský, Petr. "KVANTIFIKACE A ZVYŠOVÁNÍ PŘESNOSTI MĚŘENÍ PRŮHYBU MOSTŮ." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227914.
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This thesis deal with improvement in bridge precision measurment deflection for Mostní a silniční Ltd. Its goal is through analysis of process of measurment and factor location, which have fundamental influence on measurment precision. First, theoretic part, represents the company, formulates problems and goals of thesis, history of bridges, world disasters, sort of bridges measurments, bridges evaluation and questions of giant transportation. In second, practical part, problems with measurment and its evaluation are described. Results are evaluated and corrective measures and recommendation are proposed in the final part.
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Prakash, Shruthi. "Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Shrinking Reinforced Concrete Slabs-on-ground." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231361.
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Concrete slabs-on-ground are commonly used in many types of industrial floors, warehouses, highways, parking lots and buildings. Cracks and deflection of slabs are undesired events caused by differential shrinkage, which limits the service life of the slabs. Non-linear behavior of cracks and deflections, interaction of concrete and reinforcement increase the complexity in predicting the occurrence and positioning of cracks. The Eurocode 2 provides a reference for theoretical approximation for design of concrete structures. This thesis intent to investigate the crack behavior of slabs-on-ground subjected to gradient shrinkage using nonlinear finite element analysis, as implemented in the software package Atena 2D. The first part of the thesis is focused on suitable modeling techniques for predicting cracks in concrete slabs-on-ground due to gradient shrinkage. The second part is directed towards parametric studies, performed to explore the significance of varying thickness, length, concrete strength class, bond types, reinforcement content and friction coefficient. The results obtained with the Atena 2D was validated using the design software WIN-statik for calculating the maximum crack width in the context of obtaining realistic results. Finally, the WSP guide recommended parameters were tested as inputs to the model. A slab-on-ground was modeled in Atena 2D considering these as statically indeterminate structures, where both slab and grade were included and the convergence analysis performed under plane stress conditions enabling prediction of the maximum crack widths for increasing applied shrinkage loads. Parametric studies demonstrate the dependency of the slab length, showing that a smaller length reduces the crack width, since such a slab is less constrained by the sub-base. To avoid cracks in the slabs their relative thickness should not be increased above a certain thickness, instead the reinforcement content should be increased. The numerical simulation shows that different concrete strength classes give similar cracks widths. Sand as sub-base provides less crack widths for interface materials EPS, sand and gravel. Although, dry sand as interface material gives similar crack widths as EPS, it is the best to use EPS that is also used to retard the moisture diffusion from the sub-base. The numerical model developed was validated for the recommended values given by the WSP guide, which gives less crack widths and deflections. The numerical model gives less crack widths compared to the Eurocode 2, which considers only the statistically determinant problems overestimating the crack widths. The presented examples demonstrate that the developed model can accurately predict crack formation, crack behavior and vertical deflection in concrete slabs-on-ground subjected to gradient shrinkage loads.
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Koyyapu, Naresh Kumar. "Numerical Computation of Transient Response of 2D Wedge Impact." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2260.
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The diverse applications of advanced marine craft ascribed to their high speed and technological advancements has led to the use of stronger and lighter metals in such crafts. High speed, in effect also increases slamming loads as higher speed increases frequency of wave encounter while operating in waves. The present study is limited to wedge impact models. Fundamentally, the study is thus about two-dimensional (2D) wedge impact in water. In an attempt to predict the structural response to impact hydrodynamic force, a beam element based finite element (FE) computer program is written and the results of the code are presented in the thesis. A computational tool is developed to predict the transient elastic response of a 2D wedge under impact force using two different numerical methods. Both explicit and implicit numerical schemes have also been studied in order to apply to the present work. Explicit forth order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method and implicit Newmark-b (NB) method have been used in the present work. Coupling effects between excitation and response are ignored in the present numerical computations. Both the numerical schemes are validated using simple static solution and also modal expansion technique.
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Sajedi, Siavash. "RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF CORROSION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1503333406583485.
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King, Gerald D. 1974. "Presentation and comparision of an exact structural analysis code with the MIT design method and the coupled wall approximate deflection analysis procedure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49986.
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Ho, Qhinhon D. "An Assessment Of The Accuracy Of The Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory For Calculating Strain and Deflection in Composite Sandwich Beams." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2084.
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This study focuses on assessing the accuracy of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory as computational bases to calculate strain and deflection of composite sandwich beam subjected to three-point and four-point bending. Two groups of composite sandwich beams tests results will be used for comparison purposes. Mechanical properties for the laminated skin are provided by researchers from University of Mississippi (Ellen Lackey et al., 2000). Mechanical properties for the balsa wood core are provided by Alcan Baltek Corporation. Appropriate material properties and test geometries are then used in the Euler-Bernoulli-based algorithm in order to generate analytical data for comparison to experimental data provided by researchers from University of New Orleans (UNO, 2005). The resulting single material cross section is then analyzed in the traditional manner using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In general, the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory provides an appropriate analytical approach in predicting flexural behavior of composite sandwich beams.
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Yuan, Zeng. "Advanced Analysis of Steel Frame Structures Subjected to Lateral Torsional Buckling Effects." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15980/.
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The current design procedure for steel frame structures is a two-step process including an elastic analysis to determine design actions and a separate member capacity check. This design procedure is unable to trace the full range of load-deflection response and hence the failure modes of the frame structures can not be accurately predicted. In recent years, the development of advanced analysis methods has aimed at solving this problem by combining the analysis and design tasks into one step. Application of the new advanced analysis methods permits a comprehensive assessment of the actual failure modes and ultimate strengths of structural steel systems in practical design situations. One of the advanced analysis methods, the refined plastic hinge method, has shown great potential to become a practical design tool. However, at present, it is only suitable for a special class of steel frame structures that is not subject to lateral torsional buckling effects. The refined plastic hinge analysis can directly account for three types of frame failures, gradual formation of plastic hinges, column buckling and local buckling. However, this precludes most of the steel frame structures whose behaviour is governed by lateral torsional buckling. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a practical advanced analysis method suitable for general steel frame structures including the effects of lateral-torsional buckling. Lateral torsional buckling is a complex three dimensional instability phenomenon. Unlike the in-plane buckling of beam-columns, a closed form analytical solution is not available for lateral torsional buckling. The member capacity equations used in design specifications are derived mainly from testing of simply supported beams. Further, there has been very limited research into the behaviour and design of steel frame structures subject to lateral torsional buckling failures. Therefore in order to incorporate lateral torsional buckling effects into an advanced analysis method, a detailed study must be carried out including inelastic beam buckling failures. This thesis contains a detailed description of research on extending the scope of advanced analysis by developing methods that include the effects of lateral torsional buckling in a nonlinear analysis formulation. It has two components. Firstly, distributed plasticity models were developed using the state-of-the-art finite element analysis programs for a range of simply supported beams and rigid frame structures to investigate and fully understand their lateral torsional buckling behavioural characteristics. Nonlinear analyses were conducted to study the load-deflection response of these structures under lateral torsional buckling influences. It was found that the behaviour of simply supported beams and members in rigid frame structures is significantly different. In real frame structures, the connection details are a decisive factor in terms of ultimate frame capacities. Accounting for the connection rigidities in a simplified advanced analysis method is very difficult, but is most critical. Generally, the finite element analysis results of simply supported beams agree very well with the predictions of the current Australian steel structures design code AS4100, but the capacities of rigid frame structures can be significantly higher compared with Australian code predictions. The second part of the thesis concerns the development of a two dimensional refined plastic hinge analysis which is capable of considering lateral torsional buckling effects. The formulation of the new method is based on the observations from the distributed plasticity analyses of both simply supported beams and rigid frame structures. The lateral torsional buckling effects are taken into account implicitly using a flexural stiffness reduction factor in the stiffness matrix formulation based on the member capacities specified by AS4100. Due to the lack of suitable alternatives, concepts of moment modification and effective length factors are still used for determining the member capacities. The effects of connection rigidities and restraints from adjacent members are handled by using appropriate effective length factors in the analysis. Compared with the benchmark solutions for simply supported beams, the new refined plastic hinge analysis is very accurate. For rigid frame structures, the new method is generally more conservative than the finite element models. The accuracy of the new method relies on the user's judgement of beam segment restraints. Overall, the design capacities in the new method are superior to those in the current design procedure, especially for frame structures with less slender members. The new refined plastic hinge analysis is now able to capture four types of failure modes, plastic hinge formation, column buckling, local buckling and lateral torsional buckling. With the inclusion of lateral torsional buckling mode as proposed in this thesis, advanced analysis is one step closer to being used for general design practice.
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Yamin, Moh'd. "LANDSLIDE STABILIZATION USING A SINGLE ROW OF ROCK-SOCKETED DRILLED SHAFTS AND ANALYSIS OF LATERALLY LOADED DRILLED SHAFTS USING SHAFT DEFLECTION DATA." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1196960547.
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Ganesan, Vaahini. "A study of Compressive Sensing for application to Structural Health Monitoring." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6275.
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One of the key areas that have attracted attention in the construction industry today is Structural Health Monitoring, more commonly known as SHM. It is a concept developed to monitor the quality and longevity of various engineering structures. The incorporation of such a system would help to continuously track health of the structure, indicate the occurrence/presence of any damage in real time and give us an idea of the number of useful years for the same. Being a recently conceived idea, the state of the art technique in the field is straight forward - populating a given structure with sensors and extracting information from them. In this regard, instrumenting with too many sensors may be inefficient as this could lead to superfluous data that is expensive to capture and process.
This research aims to explore an alternate SHM technique that optimizes the data acquisition process by eliminating the amount of redundant data that is sensed and uses this sufficient data to detect and locate the fault present in the structure. Efficient data acquisition requires a mechanism that senses just the necessary amount of data for detection and location of fault. For this reason Compressive Sensing (CS) is explored as a plausible idea. CS claims that signals can be reconstructed from what was previously believed to be incomplete information by Shannon's theorem, taking only a small amount of random and linear non - adaptive measurements. As responses of many physical systems contain a finite basis, CS exploits this feature and determines the sparse solution instead of the traditional least - squares type solution.As a first step, CS is demonstrated by successfully recovering the frequency components of a simple sinusoid. Next, the question of how CS compares with the conventional Fourier transform is analyzed. For this, recovery of temporal frequencies and signal reconstruction is performed using the same number of samples for both the approaches and the errors are compared. On the other hand, the FT error is gradually minimized to match that of CS by increasing the number of regularly placed samples. Once the advantages are established, feasibility of using CS to detect damage in a single degree of freedom system is tested under unforced and forced conditions. In the former scenario, damage is indicated when there is a change in natural frequency of vibration of the system after an impact. In the latter, the system is excited harmonically and damage is detected by a change in amplitude of the system's vibration. As systems in real world applications are predominantly multi-DOF, CS is tested on a 2-DOF system excited with a harmonic forcing. Here again, damage detection is achieved by observing the change in the amplitude of vibration of the system. In order to employ CS for detecting either a change in frequency or amplitude of vibration of a structure subjected to realistic forcing conditions, it would be prudent to explore the reconstruction of a signal which contains multiple frequencies. This is accomplished using CS on a chirp signal.
Damage detection is clearly a spatio-temporal problem. Hence it is important to additionally explore the extension of CS to spatial reconstruction. For this reason, mode shape reconstruction of a beam with standard boundary conditions is performed and validated with standard/analytical results from literature. As the final step, the operation deflection shapes (ODS) are reconstructed for a simply supported beam using CS to establish that it is indeed a plausible approach for a less expensive SHM. While experimenting with the idea of spatio-temporal domain, the mode shape as well as the ODS of the given beam are examined under two conditions - undamaged and damaged. Damage in the beam is simulated as a decrease in the stiffness coefficient over a certain number of elements. Although the range of modes to be examined heavily depends on the structure in question, literature suggests that for most practical applications, lower modes are more dominant in indicating damage. For ODS on the other hand, damage is indicated by observing the shift in the recovered spatial frequencies and it is confirmed by the reconstructed response.<br>M.S.M.E.<br>Masters<br>Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Systems Track
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Kollárik, Adrián. "Monolitická železobetonová nádrž." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409794.
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The thesis deals with design and assessment of all supporting parts of cast-in-place reinforced concrete tank. The thesis includes a technical report, static analysis, drawing documentations, construction proces and visualization. The drawing documentation consists of shape and reinforcement drawings of supporting parts.
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Kalluru, Mallikarjun. "One-way Coupled Hydroelastic Analysis of Aluminum Wedge Under Slamming." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2414.
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The concept of using aluminum as the primary construction material for high speed ships and the hydroelastic behavior of the structure is widely gaining importance as a significant research topic in naval architecture. Aluminum is lighter than steel and hence can be predominantly used in high speed crafts which experiences significant slamming. This thesis work is focused on wedge shaped models. Free fall wedge impact is studied and a FORTRAN 90 computer program is developed to estimate the structural response of the wedge experiencing slamming by the use of matrix methods, finite element techniques and Newmark-Beta numerical time integration methods. The numerical solution is validated by comparison with the static solution. The theoretical hydrodynamic pressures which are used as input for this work was originally developed by using a flat cylinder theory [26]. The wedge drop at 0.6096 m (24 inch) drop height with an impact veloc- ity of v=3.05 m/s is based as the premise and the experimental pressure distributions measured by the pressure-transducers and the theoretical pressure predictions are used as inputs and the structural response is derived. Additionally, the response is compared for three different plate thicknesses and the results are compared against each other. The maximum deflection is comparable to the deflection evaluated from the experiment and tends to attain convergence as well. As the plate thickness reduces there tends to be a significant rise in the deflection values for the wedge plate, in the manner that when the plate thickness is halved there is a deviation of more than 75% in the deflection values as such.
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Tarazaga, Pablo Alberto. "Dynamics and Control of a Pressurized Optical Membranes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28727.
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Optical membranes are currently pursued for their ability to replace the conventional mirrors that are used to correct wave front aberration and space-based telescopes. Among some of the many benefits of using optical membranes, is their ability to considerably reduce the weight of the structure. As a secondary effect, the cost of transportation, which is of great interest in space applications, is reduced as well. Given the low density of these thin-film membranes, the lower end dynamics play a greater significant role than their rigid plate-like counterparts in achieving functional mirrors. Space-based mirrors are subjected to a series of disturbances. Among those encountered are thermal radiation, debris impact, and slewing maneuvers. Thus, dynamic control is essential for the adequate performance of thin-film membrane mirrors.
With this in mind, the work described herein aims to improve the performance of optical membranes with an innovative, acoustical control approach to suppress vibration of optical membranes backed by an air cavity. This is achieved by using a centralized acoustic source in the cavity as the method of actuation. The acoustic actuation is of great interest since it does not mass load the membrane in the conventional way, as most methods of actuation would.
To achieve this end goal, two structural-acoustic coupled models are developed to describe the dynamics of a pressurized optical membrane system. This is done through an impedance based modeling approach where the subsystems are modeled individually, and then coupled at the interface. The control of the membrane is implemented using a positive position feedback approach. The theory is also extended to positive velocity and positive acceleration feedback.
Three experiments are carried out to validate the models previously mentioned. Successful implementation of a control experiment is also accomplished leading to considerable attenuations in the coupled membraneâ s dynamics.<br>Ph. D.
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Neely, William Douglas. "Evaluation of the In-Servic Performance of the Tom's Creek Bridge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33249.
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The Tom's Creek Bridge is a small-scale demonstration project involving the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite girders as the main load carrying members. The project is intended to serve two purposes. First, by calculating bridge design parameters such as the dynamic load allowance, transverse wheel load distribution and deflections under service loading, the Tom's Creek Bridge will aid in modifying current AASHTO bridge design standards for use with FRP composite materials. Second, by evaluating the FRP girders after being exposed to service conditions, the project will begin to answer questions about the long-term performance of these advanced composite material beams when used in bridge design.
This thesis details the In-Service analysis of the Tom's Creek Bridge. Five load tests, at six month intervals, were conducted on the bridge. Using mid-span strain and deflection data gathered from the FRP composite girders during these tests the above mentioned bridge design parameters have been determined. The Tom's Creek Bridge was determined to have a dynamic load allowance, IM, of 0.90, a transverse wheel load distribution factor, g, of 0.101 and a maximum deflection of L/488.
Two bridge girders were removed from the Tom's Creek Bridge after fifteen months of service loading. These FRP composite girders were tested at the Structures and Materials Research Laboratory at Virginia Tech for stiffness and ultimate strength and compared to pre-service values for the same beams. This analysis indicates that after fifteen months of service, the FRP composite girders have not lost a significant amount of either stiffness or ultimate strength.<br>Master of Science
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Elgabbas, Fareed Mahmoud. "Development and structural testing of new basalt fiber-reinforced-polymer (BFRP) bars in RC beams and bridge-deck slabs." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8734.
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L'avancée de la technologie des PRF a suscité l'intérêt de l'introduction de nouvelles fibres, comme la fibre de basalte, qui a un potentiel d'offrir une solution efficace, lorsqu’utilisée dans les structures en béton, soit sur la résistance à la corrosion, la durabilité et la rentabilité. En outre, les codes et les guides disponibles, ne fournissent pas de recommandations pour l'utilisation de barres en PRFB puisque les recherches passées dans ce domaine sont limitées. Donc, des travaux de recherche sont nécessaires pour caractériser et comprendre le comportement des barres de PRFB dans les éléments en béton armé. En conséquence, les objectifs principaux sont d'évaluer les caractéristiques à court et long terme des barres de PRFB nouvellement développées, ainsi que d'évaluer les performances structurales de ces nouvelles barres comme renforcement interne dans les poutres et les dalles de pont et d'introduire ce nouveau renforcement dans les codes et les guides de dimensionnement. Les tests expérimentaux ont été faits en trois parties. La première partie porte sur le développement de trois nouvelles barres et tendons en PRFB pour déterminer leurs propriétés physiques et mécaniques. Les performances à long terme et de durabilité ont été réalisées en conditionnant les barres de PRFB dans une solution alcaline simulant les conditions humides dans le béton pour déterminer la compatibilité comme renforcement interne dans les éléments en béton. Par la suite, les propriétés ont été déterminées et comparées avec des spécimens non conditionnés (référence). La seconde partie a porté sur sept dalles de pont en béton armé grandeur réelle avec les bords restreints, simulant les tabliers de pont les plus utilisés en Amérique du Nord, pour évaluer la performance des dalles renforcées de PRFB et d'acier. Les dalles mesurent 3000 mm de long × 2500 mm de large × 200 mm d'épaisseur. Les dalles ont été testées jusqu'à la rupture sous une charge concentrée au centre de celles-ci simulant l'empreinte d'une roue d'un camion. Les capacités en poinçonnement sont prédites en utilisant les exigences réglementaires disponibles, et sont comparées aux résultats expérimentaux. La troisième partie de cette étude portait sur les essais de 14 poutres en béton de 3100 mm de long × 200 mm de large × 300 mm de profond pour examiner le comportement en flexion et les performances en service des barres de PRFB avec deux états de surfaces: fini sablé et crénelé. Les poutres ont été testées en flexion en quatre points avec une portée libre de 2700 mm jusqu'à la rupture. Les résultats sont introduits et discutés en terme : du comportement de la fissuration, des flèches, de la capacité en flexion et des modes de ruptures. De plus, le coefficient d'adhérence (kb) des barres de PRFB est déterminé et comparé avec les recommandations des codes et guides actuels. Les résultats sont introduits et discutés en terme : du comportement de la fissuration, des flèches, de la capacité en flexion et des modes de ruptures. De plus, le coefficient d'adhérence des barres de PRFB est déterminé et comparé avec les recommandations des codes et guides actuels. Les résultats de l'étude concluent sur la viables pour la production des barres de PRFB pour respecter les exigences des codes actuelles. Également, les résultats d'essai indiquent que les barres de PRFB ont de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et peuvent être placées dans la même catégorie que les barres de PRFV, soit grade III. De plus, le comportement des poutres et des dalles de pont renforcées de PRFB est similaire que pour un renforcement en PRFV et PRFC et les exigences réglementaires sont applicables pour les barres de PRFB.<br>Abstract: The advances in fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) technology have spurred interest in introducing new fibers, such as basalt FRP (BFRP), which has the potential to offer an efficient solution when implemented in concrete structure, such as corrosion resistant, durable and cost-effective. Furthermore, the available design codes and guides do not provide any recommendations for the use of BFRP bars since fundamental studies and relevant applications are still limited. Therefore, investigations are needed to characterize and understand the behavior of BFRP bars in concrete members. Consequently, the main objectives of this experimental investigation are to evaluate the short- and long-term characteristics of newly developed BFRP bars, as well as evaluate the structural performance of these new bars as internal reinforcement for concrete beams and bridge-deck slabs to introduce these new reinforcing bars to the design codes and guides. The experimental tests were completed through three parts. The first part was conducted on three newly developed BFRP bars and tendons to investigate their physical and mechanical properties. Durability and long-term performance were assessed by conditioning the BFRP bars in an alkaline solution simulating the moist concrete environment to determine their suitability as internal reinforcement for concrete elements. Thereafter, the properties were assessed and compared with the unconditioned (reference) values. The second part of this study was conducted on seven full-scale edge-restrained concrete bridge-deck slabs simulating actual slab-on-girder bridge-deck that is commonly used in North America to evaluate the performance of concrete bridge-deck slabs reinforced with BFRP and steel bars. The deck slabs measured 3000 mm long × 2500 mm wide × 200 mm deep. The slabs were tested up to failure under single concentrated load acting on the center of each slab simulating the footprint of sustained truck wheel load. The punching shear capacities were predicted using the available provisions, and compared with the experimental results. The third part of this study included testing of fourteen concrete beams of 3100 mm long × 200 mm wide × 300 mm deep to investigate the flexural behavior and serviceability performance of sand-coated and ribbed BFRP bars in concrete beams. The beams were tested under four-point bending over a clear span of 2700 mm until failure. The results are introduced and discussed in terms of cracking behavior, deflection, flexure capacity, and failure modes. In addition, the bond-dependent coefficient (kb) of the BFRP bars was determined and compared with the recommendations of the current FRP design codes and guides. The findings of this study concluded the feasibility of producing BFRP bars meet the requirements of the current FRP standards. Also, the test results revealed that the BFRP bars had good mechanical behavior and could be placed in the same category as grade II and grade III GFRP bars. Moreover, the behavior of the concrete bridge-deck slabs and beams reinforced with BFRP bars was quite similar to the counterparts reinforced with glass- and carbon-FRP bars and the available FRP provisions are applicable for BFRP bars. The beam test results yielded an average bond-dependent coefficient (kb) of 0.76±0.03 and 0.83±0.03 for the sand-coated and ribbed BFRP bars, respectively.
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Gustavsson, Victor, and Hagenius Fabian. "En kapacitetsjämförelse mellan stålförstärktaträbalkar, limträ och konstruktionsvirke." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45418.
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Purpose: Throughout the years numerous studies have been made that concludes thatcombining steel and wood results in improved strength. Under optimal conditions woodis an effective structural material, as it’s both cheap and durable. Steel on the other handunder right circumstances has considerably higher strength than wood. To combinewood and steel has over the last years gathered more attention. Studies shows thathybrid structures can lead to an economical advantage when building multiple storeybuildings, as it can replace or complete pure steel frames. The purpose of this paper isto increase the knowledge and understanding of how steel and wood cooperate and tofind out the advantages and disadvantages of using a flitched beam, as well as compareit’s strength to structural wood and glulam.Method: The paper comprises a quantitative study with two different kinds of datacollection methods, Literature studies and calculations. The literature study consists ofscientific papers and papers published by known institutions and will help the paperanswer the first issue. The calculations has been made with the help of Tekla Tedds,which follows the Eurocode design principles. Which will help the authors answer bothof the papers issues.Findings: The paper has found that the flitch beam has improved strength overstructural wood and glulam, but a significantly higher price. The flitch beam also has amuch higher self weight than structural wood and glulam. The flitch beam can also spanlonger than structural wood and glulam with the same applied load.Implications: The study have concluded that it’s hard to motivate the usage of flitchedbeams in floor designs as they have such high price. The flitch beam has higher strengththan both structural wood and glulam. Which makes the flitch beam a good option asload bearing beam that requires slim dimensions. The added strength of the flitch beamcan motivate the high price under the right circumstances.Limitations: The paper has limited the calculations to an enclosed environment andwill not take moisture or any other type of exposure in to account, As a dry indoorenvironment is optimal for both steel and wood. The calculations the paper uses arebased on Eurocode and all other forms of dimension principles will not be taken intoaccount.<br>Syfte: Genom åren har forskning gjorts som tyder på att när man kombinerar stål ochträ kommer det bidra till en ökad hållfasthet. Under optimala förhållande är trä ettotroligt effektivt och bra alternativ inom byggande då det är billigt och tåligt. Närstålbalkar däremot placeras i optimala förhållande kan de bibehåll betydligt mer ochstörre krafter än vad trävirke kan göra. Att kombinera stål och trä har de senaste årethaft ett ökat intresse. Studier visar att hybridbalkar kan vara till stor ekonomisk fördelvid byggnation av flervåningshus, då det kan ersätta eller komplettera rena stålstommar.Syftet med arbete är att öka kunskapen och förståelsen för hur stål och trä samverkarsamt ta reda på för och nackdelar hos de stålförstärkta träbalkarna samt jämföra deraslastkapacitet med konstruktionsträ- och limträbalkar.Metod: Arbetet omfattar en kvantitativ studie där två typer av datainsamlingsmetoderhar använts. Dessa två typer är beräkningar samt litteraturstudier. Litteraturstudienbestår av vetenskapliga artiklar som har hjälpt besvara en av frågeställningarna.Beräkningarna har använts för att besvara båda frågeställningarna, de har gjorts idimensioneringsprogrammet Tekla tedds som följer alla Eurocodes beräknings- ochdimensioneringsregler.Resultat: Resultaten visar på att den stålförstärkta träbalken har högre kapacitet änlimträ och konstruktionsvirke, både med hänsyn till nedböjning och brott men betydligthögre pris och egentyngd. Den stålförstärkta träbalken klarar även av längrespännvidder vid samma belastning.Konsekvenser: Utifrån de resultat rapporten kommit fram till är det svårmotiverat attanvända sig av de stålförstärkta balkarna i bjälklag på grund av det höga priset Denstålförstärkta träbalken klarar dock av högre laster än vad konstruktionsvirke och limträgör, vilket kan göra balken användbar som avväxlingsbalk. Att använda denstålförstärkta träbalken som avväxlingsbalk kan motivera det höga priset då den kanhålla mindre dimensioner än limträ och konstruktionsvirke vilket kan vara önskvärt iolika sammanhang.Begränsningar: De begränsningar som sattes för rapporten var att utesluta alla typerav miljörisker på balkarna som tillexempel fukt och solljus vid beräkningarna, då entorrmiljö är en optimal miljö för både trä och stål. Beräkningarna som arbetet baseraspå grundar sig på Eurocodes dimensioneringsregler. Andra typer av dimensioneringsprinciper har uteslutits.
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Restrepo, Edgar Salom. "Determination of AASHTO Bridge Design Parameters through Field Evaluation of the Rt. 601 Bridge: A Bridge Utilizing Strongwell 36 in. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Double Web Beams as the Main Load Carrying Members." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36182.
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The Route 601 Bridge in Sugar Grove, Virginia spans 39 ft over Dickey Creek. The Bridge is the first to use the Strongwell 36 in. fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) double web beam (DWB) in its superstructure. Replacement of the old bridge began in June 2001, and construction of the new bridge was completed in October 2001. The bridge was field tested in October 2001 and June 2002.
This thesis details the field evaluation of the Rt. 601 Bridge. Using mid span deflection and strain data from the October 2001 and June 2002 field tests, the primary goal of this research was to determine the following AASHTO bridge design parameters: wheel load distribution factor g, dynamic load allowance IM, and maximum deflection. The wheel load distribution factor was determined to be S/5, a dynamic load allowance was determined to be 0.30, and the maximum deflection of the bridge was L/1500. Deflection results were lower than the AASHTO L/800 limit. This discrepancy is attributed to partial composite action of the deck-to-girder connections, bearing restraint at the supports, and contribution of guardrail stiffness.
Secondary goals of this research were to quantify the effect of diaphragm removal on girder distribution factor, determine torsion and axial effects of the FRP girders, compare responses to multiple lane symmetrical loading to superimposed single lane response, and compare the field test results to a finite element and a finite difference model. It was found that diaphragm removal had a small effect on the wheel load distribution factor. Torsional and axial effects were small. The bridge response to multilane loading coincided with superimposed single lane truck passes, and curb-stiffening effects in a finite difference model improved the accuracy of modeling the Rt. 601 Bridge behavior.<br>Master of Science
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Gonzalez, Walter G. "Protein-Ligand Interactions and Allosteric Regulation of Activity in DREAM Protein." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2503.
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Downstream regulatory antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a calcium sensing protein that co-assembles with KV4 potassium channels to regulate ion currents as well as with DNA in the nucleus, where it regulates gene expression. The interaction of DREAM with A-type KV4 channels and DNA has been shown to regulate neuronal signaling, pain sensing, and memory retention. The role of DREAM in modulation of pain, onset of Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiac pacemaking has set this protein as a novel therapeutic target. Moreover, previous results have shown a Ca2+ dependent interaction between DREAM and KV4/DNA involving surface contacts at the N-terminus of DREAM. However, the mechanisms by which Ca2+ binding at the C-terminus of DREAM induces structural changes at the C- and N-terminus remain unknown. Here, we present the use of biophysics and biochemistry techniques in order to map the interactions of DREAM and numerous small synthetic ligands as well as KV channels. We further demonstrate that a highly conserved network of aromatic residues spanning the C- and N-terminus domains control protein dynamics and the pathways of signal transduction on DREAM. Using molecular dynamics simulations, site directed mutagenesis, and fluorescence spectroscopy we provide strong evidence in support of a highly dynamic mechanism of signal transduction and regulation. A set of aromatic amino acids including Trp169, Phe171, Tyr174, Phe218, Phe235, Phe219, and Phe252 are identified to form a dynamic network involved in propagation of Ca2+ induced structural changes. These amino acids form a hydrophobic network connecting the N- and C-terminus domains of DREAM and are well conserved in other neuronal calcium sensors. In addition, we show evidence in support of a mechanism in which Ca2+ signals are propagated towards the N-terminus and ultimately lead to the rearrangement of the inactive EF-hand 1. The observed structural motions provide a novel mechanism involved in control of the calcium dependent KV4 and DNA binding. Altogether, we provide the first mechanism of intramolecular and intermolecular signal transduction in a Ca2+ binding protein of the neuronal calcium sensor family.
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Staniorowski, Piotr. "Déflexion de la lumière par les cristaux ferroélastiques : domaines et transitions de l'APFA." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10201.
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Les etudes sur la deflexion de la lumiere comme outil d'investigation pour le physicien du solide d'une part et sur des cristaux ferroelastiques avec une attention concernant l'apfa d'autre part, sont presentees dans ce travail. Premierement l'analyse de la deflexion en fonction de l'angle d'incidence est effectue en detail, en ce qui concerne les angles de deflexion aussi que la polarisation des rayons deflechis. Ensuite, l'intensite des rayons a ete etudiee en comparaison avec des phenomenes de diffraction et, les parametres physiques agissant (proprietes optiques, nombre de domaines) sont abordes. L'utilisation de la deflexion pour la comprehension des ferroelastiques (les changements de symetrie lors des transitions, la birefringence) est proposee. Un cristal particulier a ete etudie (l'apfa) par analyse simultanee des resultats de deflexion et des autres mesures physiques (constantes dielectriques, proprietes optiques et observation des domaines).
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Van, Dyke Jason. "Modeling Behaviour of Damaged Turbine Blades for Engine Health Diagnostics and Prognostics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20312.
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The reliability of modern gas turbine engines is largely due to careful damage tolerant design a method of structural design based on the assumption that flaws (cracks) exist in any structure and will continue to grow with usage. With proper monitoring, largely in the form of periodic inspections at conservative intervals reliability and safety is maintained. These methods while reliable can lead to the early retirement of some components and unforeseen failure if design assumptions fail to reflect reality.
With improvements to sensor and computing technology there is a growing interest in a system that could continuously monitor the health of structural aircraft as well as forecast future damage accumulation in real-time.
Through the use of two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical modeling the initial goals and findings for this continued work include: (a) establishing measurable parameters directly linked to the health of the blade and (b) the feasibility of detecting accumulated damage to the structural material and thermal barrier coating as well as the onset of damage causing structural failure.
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Giardina, Ronald J. Jr. "On The Ramberg-Osgood Stress-Strain Model And Large Deformations of Cantilever Beams." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2377.
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In this thesis the Ramberg-Osgood nonlinear model for describing the behavior of many different materials is investigated. A brief overview of the model as it is currently used in the literature is undertaken and several misunderstandings and possible pitfalls in its application is pointed out, especially as it pertains to more recent approaches to finding solutions involving the model. There is an investigation of the displacement of a cantilever beam under a combined loading consisting of a distributed load across the entire length of the beam and a point load at its end and new solutions to this problem are provided with a mixture of numerical techniques, which suggest strong mathematical consistency within the model for all theoretical assumptions made. A physical experiment was undertaken and the results prove to be inaccurate when using parameters derived from tensile tests, but when back calculating parameters from the beam test the model has a 14.40% error at its extreme against the experimental data suggesting the necessity for further testing.
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Formánek, Pavel. "Statické řešení rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371807.
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Master´s thesis is divided into two parts. In first part is author focusing on designing load-bearing structures that are made of reinforced concrete (floor slab, external wall, stairway). The assessments of those structures were made according to valid standard of ČSN EN 1992-1-1 and structural part of design documentation to those constructions were processed. In second, theoretical, part are different models of reinforced concrete slab in 3D (as part of whole construction) and in 2D created. The main task was to compare influence of different support´s stiffness in models on internal forces (bending moments) and on deflection of slab.