Dissertationen zum Thema „Développement rural – Sénégal (est)“
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Larrue, Sébastien. „La dynamique des milieux et des paysages sur la marge nord-est du Parc national du Niokolo-Koba : un indicateur de rupture entre le milieu et la société mandingue (Sénégal oriental) ?“ Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Niokolo-Koba National Park was created in 1926. In 1969, some villagers were expelled from the lands where they had lived and relocated on the fringe of the national park. That step was in keeping with a policy of "hard protection" of biodiversity and a disregard for the Malinke community, which was considered as incapable of managing the environment without degrading it. Nevertheless, what we call "nature" here is the result of a complex coevolution of the Malinke community and their environment, a coevolution of which plant formations are both an interface and a signature. The "savannahs" or dry forests result from a recolonizing by ligneous plants of previously cultivated areas, the diversity and physionomy of which are conditioned by bushfires and the duration of the fallow period. These are environments which have been "domesticated" over the years. The land use restrictions linked with the national park development and the limitations imposed by the preservation of the Diambour classified forest have brought about a shortage of arable land in some places. These conditions have forced the local populations to reduce the duration of the fallow period and have brought about the disappearance of fallow areas. The existence of protected areas generally leads to a transformation of attitudes, thereby modifying society's perception of the environment. All these factors have served to impoverish the forest, which has given way to unexceptional landscapes following the loss of several types of sudanian plant formations
Ndiaye, Mouhamadou Lamine. „La fonction des émigrés dans les stratégies de développement rural : voie pour le Sénégal ? : exemple de la région de Tambacounda“. Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010613.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe strategies of rural development used in senegal since independence have brought about a hard situation of crisis of which the obvious expression is emigration towards countries such as france. Those emigrants, most of them coming from the area of "fleuve senegal", from "tambacounda" have tried by means of sending money to support the people staying at home. Considering the limited market of work in the welcoming countries and the permanent eronon of the conditions of living in the local countries, another reaction was necessary. This will be cristalized in the development village associations. Slowlypropelled in the foregrand these associations take another aspect of development, a rural and fair development based on the joining of those who stay in the village. These associations, locally are putting foward another approach of the working out of the senegalese rural space
Seye, El Hadji Amadou. „Les paysages et les peuples du Niokholo, contribution à l'étude des comportements humains face au milieu naturel (Sénégal oriental)“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL293.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Niokholo lies in the Southern part of Eastern Senegal, between latitudes 12 and 15 degrees North. Its original character is due to the diversity of its landscapes, and the diversity of its landscapes, and the various mixing of social and cultural groups living there. The central argument of this dissutation is the analysis of how such a natural environment and peoples are organized, using tree scales: the region, the +terroirs ;, and the toponymic units, or + lieux-dits ;, and resulting in tree series of maps at scales 1/200 000, 1/100 000 and 1/10 000. At the regional level, our analysis set forth the diversity of the landscapes composed of 30 elementary units, with differences linked to topographic characteristics, land availability, and water resources. The study of the peopling and humanization of those landscapes points at the balance between populations and their natural environment. At the level of the +terroir ;, the analysis of the environment reveals several landscapes segments that have been differently identified and used by the Mandes, Fulanis, Bediks and Beliyans. By comparing the geographical segments with those identified by the populations one car observe similarities and differences in those modes of landscape segmentation. At tne level of the toponymic units the comparison between the environments and the crops used by those ethnic groups shows the differences in the choices made by the farmers according to the plants brought into cultivation. But the currents cultivation systems suffer from a lack of efficient means of production. Thus, yields remain low and it seems necessary to implement development programs that will be in keeping with the natural environment and likely to be welcomed by the populations
Aidara, Daha Cherif. „Approche géographique de la santé et du développement au Sénégal : l'exemple de la région de Kédougou“. Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDieng, Mamadou. „Les réformes de l'administration territoriale et le développement rural au Sénégal“. Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe links territorial administration rural development reflect the developing of one collectivity in a given moment of its history. The analysis of the "reforms of territorial administration and rural development in senegal", aims to show what is the place devoted in the implemented developping to the "3 p" mass (peasants-fishers and shepherds) there are the most important share of the whole population (between 60 to 70%). In 1972 was initiated by the government the reform of territorial administration so as the bring nearer the administration to the administrated. The analysis will be bring about through the rural community of coumbacara located in kolda area. It is a zone sufficiently populations and pluriethnizone so as to provide a sense to the question of peasant participation such as it is put on question with all its complecty
Diop, Abdou. „L'aménagement régional au Sénégal d'un espace surpeuplé et surexploité au front pionnier de développement agricole : les migrations Serer vers les " Terres Neuves " : l'expérience du projet pilote Koumpentoum-Maka“. Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study is dealing with the development of rural space in senegal. Senegal development policy is based upon the regulation of the development actions and the application of specific projects. From this point of view, the authorities are both planning an adjustment of the agricultural production conditions (diversification and intensification of cultivation) and an appropriate development of rural space through a better distribution of population. The production action is thus rested in the development and agricultural popularization society for peanut, in the fibers and textiles development society for cotton and in the sylvan pastoral zone development society for animal production. The development and valorization actions combined with differentiated production is rested in the society of development and exploitation of the delta lands for the development of river senegal valley, in the casamance valorization society for river casamance area and valley. As far as the program of rural population distribution is concerned, the wew lands society undertakes the transfert of one part of the population excess around the peanutproducing basin, which is going through an agricultural crisis characterized by an overexploitation of the lands in an extensive agricultural system and a peanut monoculture. This is the result of the organized migration project which touches 300 families from serer people. The reception area are the districts of koumpentoum and maka in eastern senegal (which the experimental koumpentoum-maka project was named after). The authorities wanted to take advantage from the break caused by migration to introduce an intensified and diversified agricultural system in the thus created new social site
Ndiaye, Assane. „Les Réponses villageoises apportées à la politique étatique de développement en milieu rural : étude de cas de la communauté rurale de Lambaye au Sénégal“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFollowing economic difficulties characterised by third world countries in general and especially black Africa, sponsors such as the Word Band (WB), the International Monetary Funds (IMF) are going to encourage these countries to adopt the programmes of Structural Adjustement (PSA) in the aim of balancing their public expenses
Diene, Mame Ndiobo. „L'évaluation des politiques publiques : application méthodologique à un programme de développement rural au Sénégal“. Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNiane, Thierno Seydou. „Contribution à l'étude du secteur informel rural non agricole dans le processus du développement économique : le cas de Bambey au Sénégal“. Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePayeur, Simone. „Systèmes agraires et développement rural en Guinée Bissau : (exemple des régions de l'est)“. Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe small-scale analyse of the eastern regions of guineabisseau leads us to have a glimpse of some homogeneity of this area but conceals a deep geographical diversity which is brought to the fore by an investigation on a larger scale. In this way coexist several agrarian systems, each one being the historical expression of a rural society and of the practices it knew how to implement in order to modify its space and satisfy its social needs. In the course of time, these systems have evolved thanks to some elements, particularly development projects that were conceived to modernize the agriculture by the introduction of animal haulage and cotton cultivation. Esentially according to the unfavourable politico-economic context, this transformation attempt failed since there was a stagnation of the production. Nevertheless some countrymen developed their own strategy that led to an increasing geographical differentiation and to rising differences among farming concerne and individuals. The recent liberalization period and regionalization will, give us hope to promote another kind of development of which the countryman would become the real actor
Kane, Isabelle Céline. „La valorisation du prélèvement végétal : un pari écologique et économique pour le monde paysan en milieu sud-soudanien sénégalais“. Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_kane_ic.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe South Sudanese environment is one of the few areas in Senegal still preserved and rich in vegetal resources but also one of the poorest rural areas of the country. Commercial agriculture, which was promoted solely to support and develop these areas, has been accumulating problems. Confronted with these lasting economic setbacks, there is a need to exploit other means of development for the region as well as develop other sectors such as gathering, which is already a major help to the peasants' lifestyle. Therefore this study wishes to analyse the current role of vegetal gathering in the peasants' life's systems and also the developing prospects offered in the South Sudanese area in Senegal. What matters is to show at this point that the rural development is not the monopoly of the commercial agriculture and that these activities rich in economical and environmental potentials have also their interest in the major politics of rural development
Thiam, Mohamed. „Politiques de développement rural au Sénégal : l'exemple de l'élevage semi-nomade des Peul dans le sud-ouest du Ferlo : une activité en crise“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a sahel region of africa, animal production is first of all the business of the peul people; therefore trying to improve it means looking for a rise in a rise in the standard of living of this community. The south west of ferio is a zone of contact as well as a zone of permanent conflicts between the defenders of two systems of extensive production: one is pastoral supported by the4 peul, and the other is agriculture defended by the wolof and serer famers. The oppositions and rivalities provoked by these two systems strengthen the competition and the brawels between social groups. Now minority in the zone, the livestok rearers are loosers in the villages they have set up. Draught, overgrazing, the dispersion of livestock farmers, the lack of marketing infrastructures, of remunerative prices, of policies of planning together of rural organisation and development put the livestock into a state of quasi-perpetual crisis. Faced with this two-fold contraint of endemic as well as structural nature, the rearers have adoped adapta tive strategies to sustain their activity and for income resource diversification
Ndao, Ibou. „Articulation entre terroirs villageois et collectivités locales dans le processus de la décentralisation : pratiques de gestion, logiques d'usage et représentation du territoire : cas de la communauté rurale de Ross Béthio au Sénégal“. Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecentralization in rural Senegalese medium has followed a long process. Since 1972, the authorities always have posted a real will of promotion of the local participation by the means of several reforms aiming the local organization and the operation of the communities. These reforms will devote the responsabilisation of the local actors in a collective development of resources and stock management. These decentralization occurs in a context of disengagement of the State which transfers to the local communities more competences than means. Thus the rural role of the council, authority of decision elected within the rural community was to harmonize the development on the communal level of the territory. It must articulate in a coherent way the practices and logics of action of the whole of the village soils to sit as a common management space with the aim of a better integration in the various activities one the whole of the community. The interest of this research is to account for the various strategies of the socio-professional groups around the capacity transferred for the stock management. These strategies which are the cause of various conflicts between the actors, in particular between the peasants and the stockbreeders, made it possible to found a process of negotiation to find a compromised allowing a common management of the space of the community and its resources. This compromised means at the rural Community level of Ross Béthio, the installation of a Plan of Occupation and Assignment of the Grounds
Sow, Fanta. „Les stratégies de développement de la filière du miel en milieu rural du Sénégal, Guinée, Mali“. Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010667.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiabone, Clédor. „Les ressources foncières et forestières et le développement en Casamance : regard de l'anthropologie du développement sur l'agglomération de Houlouf“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21751.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBa, Magatte. „Paysages et communautés rurales au Sénégal occidental : approche intégrée par cartographie assistée et télédétection satellitaire“. Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiop, Moussa. „Eau et Développement : Échelles, temporalités, acteurs et enjeux autour de la gestion durable du service public de l’eau en milieu rural au Sénégal“. Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis shows, by structuring several scales, how the introduction of new rules of management of the water service will generate or amplify some imbalances that exist yet in the villages and between the actors. As a result of the introduction of a new supplying system in drinking water, the State has introduced by the same time several official rules of management of the water public service. For lack of related regulations, these rules will be stackable to the sociocul tural logics of the rural actors. Several types of legitimacies and legitimations of the actors’ practices appear. And as a consequence, this leads to clashes between those divergent logics around the management of water: some rural actors are stuck between different systems of value, local authorities confront each other about a positioning in the rural arena, cultures are in direct opposition, inherited structures are stackable to those new, created to manage water. The political clientelism comes to interest itself to the management. In brief, a whole combination of systems, with some buckles of retroac tives, scans the management of the service and lead to an anomy situation. The disturbance of the rules which is the source of the anomy is due to the doubt caused by the ambiguity related to the real purpose of the introduction of the drinking water conveyances in those villages. Finally, this doubt has undermined the credibility of the codified rules of management as they are considered by the village’s people
Oliveira, Fernando Garcia de. „Réforme agraire : étude de cas au Nord-est du Brésil“. Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with four subjects which are treated in the same case study : fight for land, process of transformation of big farms, in the Northheast Brazil, land reform and family farm. The transformation process of the studied large farm spreads over the whole XX century. In the beginning, the land property-with aroud 7. 000 hectares, in which hundreds of squatters lived and worked-was in the hands of an important Landholder, who was also a colonel of the Brazilian Nacional Guard. Throughout the time two processes were developped : the division of the land and the decadence of the land owners, the affirmation of the transformation of squatters into family farmers. .
Diop, Joseph. „Dynamiques locales et construction territoriale : approche socio-anthropologique du processus de développement local dans la Commune rurale de Fandène (Thiès – Sénégal)“. Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow to give an account of the dialectical relationship between the density of social interactions and the building of development in a local system of action which the territory can constitute? This is the key question which our thesis tries to answer. The issues of local development are posed with regards to processes carried out by actors of all kinds, registered in contexts of building their territory. The rural municipality of Fandène is a laboratory rich for experimentation of development practices. As such, Fandène is ideal for studying the act of reaching the local, the actor and, to penetrate into the heart of the action, hidden social situations; where the logic of action and the strategies of actors are muddled in the everyday life of projects and development initiatives. Thus, the socioanthropology of development turned out to be useful in addressing these questions and promoted the use of the systematic approach to analyze interactions, on the one hand, the interactions both in the local organizations (EIG, FPG), and between them and the agencies of Development (NGO), and, on the other hand, the motivations of the actors to take part in the so-called development. With observations, interviews and questionnaires, the field inquiry allowed for the collection of data on the actors and created social relationships, whose analysis allowed for, among other things, the start of an incomplete but interesting, ''profiling'' of certain actors, based on the motives and intentions of participating in collective action
Bernard, Claire. „Les aménagements du bassin du fleuve Sénégal pendant la colonisation : 1850/1960“. Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter a precise description of the senegal river valley's, it is a very complete analysis of each development projects, which is being done. For each projects statements which has to be settleddavn, the political, economic and social contexts, as much in france than in the valley is related. This allows us to unterstand the causes of the failures and the difficulties of a political statement or the spreading out of a poor area. The political, economic, ecological and social's life in the valley is being dealt by to pics : real estate, landed property, conflicts, climatic problems, scarcity or starvation. The african chief district's attitude and the european's commercial houses which contribute to the population's misery, especially during the two world wars, has been denounced
Torodo, Boubacar Hamma. „Groupes culturels et associations paysannes de l'Oudalan (nord-est du Burkina-Faso) : la problématique du développement rural“. Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR2001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow can co-operative policy - bases on equality of rights and duties - cope with a multi-ethnic society (tamasheq, paul and donrhai) established under tuareg political dominion, descent groups and captivity? an investigation conducted in udalan highlights the difficulties of "village grouping" program; traditional status and relationship, illiteracy, and their repercussion on the management, contains the social and economic scope of these organizations. The gap between the functioning principles and the deeds may however be filled by fitting educational programs, but the collective, numerous and urgent targets (i. E in particular, improvement of production systems, stock reduction and ex- ploitation, ecological and rural health concern, accession to credit systems, etc) deserve and require legal measures that would enable peasant leaders to involve their whole fellow villagers
Kaba, Françoise. „Administration et producteurs ruraux en Afrique soudano-sahélienne : leçons des expériences passées (Mali, Mauritanie, Sénégal, essai d'approche historique)“. Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA big project takes place today in the Senegal river valley, to impulse the development of agriculture and industry; there is a debate about the grounds of technical options involved, especially about their impact on water side dwellers. The study of colonial time reveals that in Mali, Mauritania and Senegal, the administration and rural producers’ confrontation has always been detrimental to the latter. The colonial policy impulse the draining of primary products without any real technical improvement; the cost was the agro-ecological destruction and workers' exploitation. The colonial independence in the sixties didn't bring an upset neither in the colonial structures and patterns, nor a change in the economic policy, particularly in agriculture. That's why the West African workers emigrated to France (most of them originate from the valley) became aware of the necessity of their own implication in the development of their country. At the end of the seventies, they began to initiate agro-pastoral projects. In the valley, the future is now depending on the capacity of water side dwellers to build organizational structures efficient enough to force the respect of their own interests
Hammami, Mohamed. „Logique d'etat et logiques paysannes dans le developpement agricole. Le cas du projet d'irrigation de la zone sabala-henchir-tobias (tunisie)“. Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is the result of a research carried out in a new area, irrigated by waste water ; it deals with the choice made by sebala henchir tobias farmers concerning the orientation of productions, and the evolution of structures since the state project started. The corresponding questions fit in a set of more general issues related to the way farmers react to state interventions. What seems to be confirmed is - from the analysis of data collected among the principal partners in this area : all farms are taking visks, therefore they are looking for responses to any hazardous event all the time ; the strategies they have adopted are always planned to prevent risks. Joining the irrigation project increases risks and uncertainty ; that is why producers behaviours towards the actions recommended by the state are various, to some extent, but all of them tend to adopt strategies of security. In the orientation of their production systems, producers - even those who stick to the project - aways toy to reject the directives of the state, whose policies regarding prices, credit, etc. Are more often than not vague and contradictory. In order to overcome those contradictions farmers select productions with comparatively guaranteed prices. The choice of dairy farming and animal fattening does confirm that hypotheses. The example of sebala henchir tobias shows that, whenever actions and programmes of development are not adapted to country life realities, they are either rejected or by passed, as they do not meet the farmers expectations. Moreover, the farming crisis and the country life decline are nothing but the result of unsuited development models and farming policies - most often vague and contradictory
Traore, Tiégoué. „La mécanisation agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest : l'exemple du Sénégal, de la Côte d'Ivoire, du Mali, du Niger et du Burkina-Faso“. Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe matter i wished to deal with is about agricultural mechanization which means harnessed and motorized farming as a factor of agricultural modernisation and economical development. In this consideration, my approach of the problem consisted in the first part of the survey to make a diagnosis of the situation about mechanization in the concerned countries. I examined the experiments made in this fieldand i brought out the propitious and the unpropitious factors of the mechanization. At the end of the first part, i came to the conclusion that first attempts have rather failed and then mechanization in these countries still remains predominated by the use of hand tools. Having recorded this failure, i suggest in a second part to build up a strategy liable to promote mechanization in these countries. This strategy is mainly upon the lessons drawn from the analysis of the actual weakness of the mechanization of the african agriculture. It also is inspired by the spreading process of the technical progress in the agriculture of countries now developed. I will also try to propose a methodology of mechanization. For this strategy induces many conditions, means, and actions which help the transition of traditional african agriculture toward a modern agriculture using the most performant technics
Melo, José Raimundo de Carvalho. „La terre dans le développement de l'Etat du Piaui (Brésil) : l'analyse de l'expérience pilote de réorganisation foncière du projet vallée du Parnaiba“. Montpellier 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON30010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn the early 1970s, the actions of development in the n. E. Of brazil have taken rural areas as a basis of their strategies. Mowever despite the large number of development programmes, the problem of regional poverty was not solved. At was only in early 1980s, with the project "parnaiba valley", that a process was constituted towards promoting the access of the land to farmers who did not have any. This project aided financially by the world bank formed part of an oversall government strategy having as ultimate objective the promotion of an "agricultural reform without violence" and the reduction of the existing tensions in the rural areas. The importance of the project "parnaiba valley" stems from what has been conceived as the first global approach towards the problem of the land tenure system in the n. E. Region
Diarre, Zoumana. „"Evaluations (ex-post) de projets de développement agricole et rural au Sahel : quelques expériences en Afrique de l'Ouest"“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur thesis deals with the assessments of agricultural and rural projects at Sahel. The analysis of these assessments is divided into two parts which form the structure of the text. The first part takes the census of twenty projects through which have established an assumption for the assessment after studying systematically the main features of these projects: it is a retrospective evaluation method established according to systematical practice on the basis of experienced projects. A second method of evaluation which represents the subjects of the second part in this thesis, is drawn and established according to the aspect of specific methods of development bodies such as “the effect method” of the “French co-operation”, and the method of “organization for united nations industrial development”. From these two methods, we initiate a test of the assessment efficiency applied to two agricultural and rural development projects: irrigated areas project at Matam Podor (Sénégal) and sugar areas project at Banfora (Burkina-Faso). The results of the first and the second parts of this thesis are concordant: the inefficiency of Sahel’s project are due to two fundamental aspects: unfitted conception and working out of projects. On the other hand, there is an inadequate framing of the rural world
Chriki, Abdelhafidh. „Espoirs et limites d'un développement endogène dans la zone aride de Tataouine (Tunisie) : (pour une nouvelle pédagogie de la vulgarisation)“. Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree surveys were conducted to articulate a stable developmental model compatible with socioeconomic and cultural constraints in tataouinia, in southeast tunisia. The target populations included farmers, emigrants and agricultural consultants. Analyses of survey findings demonstrated a surprising capacity of collective adaptation based upon the integration of practical knowledge and cultural values in face if extremely difficult ecological conditions. The three surveys converge to illustrate an unexpected ability to exploit scarce resources and develop solutions for improving general life conditions of the local communities. Results suggest that though an indigenous program, emphasizing collective participation and extensive community involvement, the ecosystem of tataouinia can be restored
Sonko, Seedou Mukthar. „Le tourisme rural et la réduction de la pauvreté“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965268.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBruckmann, Laurent. „L'intégration des zones inondables dans la gestion de l'eau et le développement de l'irrigation d'une vallée fluviale sahélienne : le cas des terres de décrue de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC214/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the decline of water resources in the 1970s, the middle Senegal river valley is a space dealing with many socio-environmental changes. Public policies have controlled the river with two dams, Manantali and Diama, and made the valley the preferred location for the development of irrigated agriculture for the national supply of rice. Faced to this situation, the floodplains wetlands, characterized by a flood/recession rythm, are forgotten by development policies. The objective of the thesis is to understand how these flood recession lands fit into socio-environmental changes, and finally to define their current roles for local populations into the reorganization of the middle Senegal river valley.The work is based on a study of the socio-ecological system of the floodplain of the middle valley. The methodology thus has several components. A hydrological analysis and a mapping of the dynamics of the flooded areas by remote sensing, showed the importance of the management choices of the Manantali dam in the allocation of water for the flood in the valley. Socio-economic surveys, carried out in four village terroirs and using semi-structured interviews, highlighted the integration of flood-recession related activities into household strategies, and define the economic, food supply and ecological functions between the different agro-ecological units of the floodplain. Finally, factors holding flood-recession related activities have been identified at household level, such as the diversity of ecosystem services, the heritage value of these areas and the integration of households in irrigation
Sene, Abdourahmane Mbade. „Des institutions internationales à l’action locale : à quelles échelles le développement durable est-il efficace ? : le cas des équipements structurants dans le bassin versant du fleuve Sénégal“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleField researches articulate around two areas: on one hand, they concern the study of sustainable development through the analysis on the economic, social, institutional and environmental plans of the policies of development and great hydro-agricultural planning performed on a regional scale in the watershed of the Senegal river (Senegal, Mali, Mauritania and Guinea) and in the local scale in the territorial space located along the left bank of the river. On the other hand, they try to study or to understand how the international policies of development and particularly environmental management piloted and conceptualized by great international authorities (international institutions of United Nations, international NGO, international tinancial Institutions) are inserted into the implements of management or governance established at regional, national and local scale and how they are, at the end of different stages of incorporation, applied. Ln a transverse way in these research areas, two other areas appear: tirst new principles or indicators relating to sustainable development and to environmental justice such as equity and participation are studied on these territories in order to understand better mechanisms or functioning of the models of development conveyed by international authorities on the territories of the south countries. Then, the analysis of great environmental international conventions since their elaboration through international negotiations with all polemics which follow from it (diversity of the actors, difference or opposition ofstakes and interests of the actors and the geographical regions) until their application
Repussard, Clément. „Le service public de l'eau potable en milieu rural au Sénégal : l’exemple de la Communauté rurale de Moudéry“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aims to analyse the service of drinking water in rural Senegal, from the example of four villages in the rural community of Moudéry. This research was conducted alongside with an operational work in a development program conducted by the French NGO GRET.The issue of the daily service is situated in the long history. The conditions of production and operation of the service are made in relation to the process of state building and changes in village societies, but also to the succession of international programs of access to drinking water.The first section establishes the inventory of social science research on the public water in West Africa. The second chapter describes the history of the Senegalese public policy of water in rural areas since the beginning of the twentieth century. The third chapter then analyzes the diversity of coexisting water services at local level. Then in the fourth chapter, the fragmentation patterns of service delivery of public water is described. The fifth chapter describes this fragmentation at the village level, from four village case studies, which trace the evolution of drinking water systems since the 1980s and the enbodiement of management service in the village social structures . The final chapter focuses on the articulation of different social spaces and water policies. The different scales of citizenship defining rights and duties brought into play by the water service are proved complementary, although the canonical definition of public service does not match what is observed in the field. The role of government in particular are more similar to a brokerage in institutionalized mechanisms for allocation of development projects than the regulation of the service or project management of technical infrastructure
Gueye, Doudou Dièye. „Migrants sahéliens : pacte migratoire et mobilisations communautaires“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS018S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe migration of Soninkes and Toucouleurs' ethnics groups from the Senegal valley region is generally viewed as being under the control of the community benefit. And we try to understand the full the full details of this community control, we can notice a full system or a kind of a "migratory agreement that explains a sort of mutual investment between the migrants themselves and a their originated communities. The notion of mobilization considered an intense mental process to get emancipated from a probable fatal destiny, is put forward to explain this system. The migratory dynamics and migrants' strategies and their families to keep a real contact with people in villages are viewed from different generations' point of view and reveal that the innovations noticed in migration bring about an opposition between traditional hierarchies and new migrants' behaviours. And this rises the issue wether this "migratory system" will last for ever
Seck, Amadou Tidiane. „Ajustement structurel et développement rural au Sénégal : enjeux et limites de la nouvelle politique agricole (1984-1988), suivi d'une critique et d'une alternative aux politiques d'ajustement structurel“. Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA111013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSenegal's new agricultural politic is a compromise between food self-sufficiency and agrarian capitalism. The tendency towards an agrarian capitalism (suppression of "entrant" subsidies, privatization of agricultural credit, high cost of hydro agricultural equipment) seems to supplant a desire for food self-sufficiency (desire for selective protectionism, promotion of small-family agriculture)
Badji, Seydou. „Le sud du Sénégal à l'heure de la culture irriguée de la banane : innovations agricoles et dynamiques territoriales“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H047/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines dessert banana cropping development induced territorial dynamics in the southern Senegal region, characterized by highly rained-dependent production systems and by a marginalization of the major national development dynamics. As an intensive and market-oriented crop, this agricultural innovation raises the question of its adoption in rain-fed systems, and above all its economic profitability in an isolation context and its interactions with local development dynamics. To answer this question, this thesis was based on data obtained from qualitative surveys of various banana sector stakeholders (producers, traders, supervisors, intermediaries, etc.) and a careful analysis of the ongoing changes in southern Senegal. The thesis is thus articulated on three axes. The first axis shows that the natural and socioeconomic factors that led to the event of irrigated banana cropping stems from the marginal nature of the southern regions of Senegal. The second part analyzes its integration process into farmers' the productive strategies while emphasizing on produces' organizations, banana production practices and marketing dynamics. Finally, an analysis of the socio-economic and geographical effects of banana cropping innovation dynamic development in southern Senegal, substituting banana innovation at the center of the ongoing socio-economic and environmental reorganizations bath at the local and regional levels. This thesis is thus a contribution to the study of "development operations" in rural Africa and the development opportunities of marginalized areas in West Africa
Ounalli, Nadia. „Impact des politiques publiques de développement sur le fonctionnement et la durabilité des systèmes d’activités : le cas du bassin versant d’Oued Oum Zessar, Sud-est tunisien, Médenine“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30037.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle6Impact of public policy development on the functioning and sustainability of activity systems: The case of watershed Oum Zessar, Southeast Tunisian, MédenineABSTRACTDespite the lack of natural resources and their fragility in the south of Tunisia, agricultural and rural development was obtained through public transfers to disadvantaged areas. Permanent public transfers, which still continues despite the adoption of liberalization policy, has improved rural development indicators and insured satisfactory coverage of population needs through national production.However, this policy has reached its economic, social, ecological and financial limits (Elloumi 2006): economic and social limitations are caused by the difficulty to implement an urban development policy that constitute an alternative to the rural population, which should leave the agricultural sector to make the still existing farms more profitable and sustainable; ecological limits are due to the excessive use of naturals resources in fact influenced by climate change; financial limits are due to the pressure excreted by the need to ensure long-term financial transfers to the rural population and the vulnerable agricultural sectors.Understanding and evaluating development policies has become a necessity. In fact, the analysis and evaluation of public policies are intellectually interconnected. They play a complementary role to understand the results, redefine objectives and finally to improve the policies. Analysis and evaluation should be the final steps of the long process of development and implementation of public policy.The objective of this thesis is to evaluate a various rural development projects implemented in the Oum Zessar watershed. The analysis of the different development experiences is accompanied by an assessment of the water and soil conservation strategy. Two complementary methodological tools were used; the Framework of Participatory Impact Assessment (FOPIA) method and Multi criteria Analysis (MCA) method
Marinozzi, Gabrio. „Stratégies collectives et dispositifs de commercialisation : l'essor de la fruticulture irriguée à Juazeiro Petrolina (Nordeste du Brésil)“. Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT017A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleErismann, Julie. „Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau“. Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Royat, Sujana. „Affectation des investissements en infrastructures de transports et aménagement de l'espace. Le cas de programmation d'investissements de routes locales dans le développement rural de la province de Java-Est, Indonésie“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529717.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDanfakha, Sira. „Infrastructures de transport et dynamiques spatiales. Le rôle des aéroports dans le développement économique et l’aménagement des territoires environnants : le cas de Dakar“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis aims to analyze the relationships that link the airport infrastructure to its environment. It is based on the example of Dakar and Diass airports in Senegal. The work refers to two levels. First, a study of the Dakar-Yoff airport zone, which shows how the infrastructure contributed to the emergence of the international metropolis. The municipalities bordering the airport (Yoff, Ouakam and Ngor), located in the district of Almadies, have seen their territory evolve physically and economically since its installation in the northwestern suburbs of Dakar. The analysis of geographical maps, from the 1940s to the present day, testifies to a real spatial dynamic in this part of the Dakar region. Based on the characteristics of the airport and the economic and urban dynamics that accompanied its evolution, the analysis will reveal that the lack of mastery of urbanization in its surroundings and the disregard of regulations will lead to multiple problems and consequently to the decision of the state of Senegal to transfer the equipment to a new site, about forty kilometers from Dakar. The construction of the new platform and the various projects associated with it place the new host municipalities, Diass and Keur Moussa, located in rural areas, at the center of the country's political and economic challenges and affect their future development. The emergence of the airport as an actor of economic and territorial development, especially for the surrounding territories, shows the links that can exist between the airport infrastructure and its environment. These links translate into several visible aspects that are discussed in this contribution
Ouvrier, Mary-Ashley. „Anthropologie de la recherche médicale en milieu rural sénégalais“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis documents the social dynamics that occur in a rural context in Senegal — the area of Toudinga— where essentially demographic and medical research have been held since 1964 by the IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement) formerly Orstom (Office de la recherche scientifique dans les territoires d’outre-Mer). At the crossroads of medical anthropology and African ethnology and sociology of science and organizations, the theoretical position adopted in this thesis allows for the examination of numerous social aspects related to medical research in sub-Saharan Africa. This PhD deals with the social organisation of the area of Toudinga. It describes the representations of medical research and the interactions between the research professionnals and the inhabitants of the region and highlights the influence of historic, identity and instititional factors on the local construction of ethics. Futhermore, this work examines wider thematics related the anthropology of medical research such as the influence of the social context on the consentent collection (gender, age group, gift and conter-gift), the impact of medical research on local medical care and the analysis of blood stealing rumors
Tandjigora, Abdou Karim. „L’évolution économique et sociale comparée de deux régions sénégalaises dans le processus de colonisation, décolonisation et développement : le boundou et le gadiaga, 1885-1980“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe economic and social evolution compared by two regions of Senegal in the process of decolonisation: Boundou and Gadiaga on 1885-1980This thesis is the analysis of the internal evolution of Boundou and Gadiaga (Eastern Senegal) whose economies have been little entitled to the colonial and postcolonial elites. The processes and mechanisms of marginalisation are so far softly reported regarding the Gadiaga’s area but this has not been considered in the case of Boundou, and indeed previous work exclusively restricted to the period of colonial domination and makes no “link” between the colonial and postcolonial manifestations of marginalisation.This exclusion of the overall economy of Senegal in many ways and any time is the result of the orientation of economic policies and low opportunities offered by public policies in certain areas. The factors of marginalisation of Boundou Gadiaga are basically structural order (lack of substantial investment and lack of vision and strategy on long run but weakness of sustainable economic approaches) and non-cyclical economic mechanism. Along the social aspects, the population undergoes heavily the economic consequences of the lackluster of the region, and the conditions entail the mass movement of population from rural to urban area (rural exodus) and the disruption of social structures, which increase the pressure of the economic on backwardness. It occurs on short run vicious circle of marginalisation since the accentuation of economic backwardness by social phenomena, encourages public authorities to push back investment’s programs or cancel it, by spotlighting the pretext of the declining population.The similarity of the economic condition between the “shared time” colonial and “owned time” postcolonial and the social behaviours considered induced effects does not allow the scheme management of the modern state of Senegal is simply the offshoot of colonial policy
Ouattara, Gniré Mariam. „Valorisation de ressources spécifiques et stratégies d'acteurs locaux : le cas de producteurs et transformateurs de noix de cajou dans le département de Bondoukou au Nord-est de la Côte d'Ivoire“. Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyses the regional development processes based on the use of specific resources by local actors. The study of cashew nut production and transformation systems in the "department" of Bondoukou, in the North East of the Ivory Coast, shows that actors implement collective strategies and activate local specific resources in order to improve their competitiveness and promote territorial dynamics. The main specific resource that has been identified is actors' organization skill, i. E. Their ability to combine external inputs with local resources in order to create local dynamics. The coordination of actors involved in collective actions is something more than a commercial relationship. It makes the formal and informal institutions actively participate. Enhancement of specific resources takes place in a framework of local governance, which involves a variety of actors both from the productive sphere and the private institutional sphere. Thus, governance is limited due to the weak commitment of local authorities and other public local institutions. Actions started by local actors and aiming at enhancing specific resources give rise to a newborn process of territorial construction in the area
Assama, Mpouo Philippote Rose Cady. „Urbanisation diffuse, développement durable et déplacements : les exemples de la Bretagne et de l'Est-du-Québec. L'enjeu des déplacements dans un monde rural en résistance“. Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRural areas are generally under-equipped and their populations are consequently forced to go frequently to localities that are better equipped with shops, medical supplies, access to leisure activities and, of course, jobs. But the means of moving, other than the individual car, are no less deficient. Mobility is therefore a crucial issue. The refusal to leave these territories and the desire of some to settle there imply to overcome this disadvantage and to become resistant to what is continually presented as inavitable. The Centre-Ouest Bretagne and Bas-Saint- Laurent, Quebec, found themselves in this situation : parishes of the second were even threatened with closure, with displacement of their populations. But these two territories have found the moral resources and remarkable actors to mobilize them, in order to counteract the fatal fate that has been diagnosed to them. The thesis relates their entry into resistance, presents the actors and shows, in the travel register, the means implemented to overcome, at least in part, the difficulties caused by the dispersion of populations
Soullier, Guillaume. „Modernization of domestic food chains in developing countries : What effects on small-scale farmers ? : The rice value chain in Senegal“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe debate about the contribution of domestic food chains to national food security in developing countries was revived by the last food price crises. In Asia, midstream enterprises implement technical changes and integrate new functions, resulting in increased added value and lower prices for consumers. The general objective of the thesis is to contribute to knowledge about the organization of domestic food value chains in Africa and their economic and social implications for small-scale farmers. It addresses three issues. First, it analyzes the organization of the rice value chain in Senegal to determine if it follows the same modernization pattern as the Asian one. Second, the thesis examines the inclusion of small-scale producers in contract farming, with a specific focus on the combination of marketing modes. Third, the thesis assesses the impacts of contracts on small-scale farmer incomes and food security. The theoretical framework is the governance of the Global Value Chain, which analyzes the influence of the driver of the quality on the distribution of tasks and skills among the actors of the chain. It is combined with the theoretical frameworks of plural forms and livelihoods to address the second issue. The case studied is the Senegal River Valley rice value chain. Data analyses are based on 154 qualitative interviews and a body of quantitative data involving over 913 actors in the value chain. Producer participation in contracts is analyzed with a multimodal logit model and the selection bias is corrected with instrumental variable and propensity score models. The first result is that modernization of the Senegalese value chain is in step with what is taking place in Asia. Nevertheless, in Senegal, (1) the benchmark situation is a spot transaction (and not a tied output-credit transaction), and processors carried out paddy collection before the modernization, (2) credit policies directly contribute to the change in governance, and (3) the modernization of the rice value chain does not make it competitive relative to imports of broken rice. The second result is that small-scale producers participate in contracts to secure agricultural financing. The segmentation of the credit market is linked to the indebtedness of small-scale producers to the national agriculture bank. Uncertainty is a second order driver towards plural forms. Besides, producers continue marketing through spot transactions which can be adapted to household needs. The third result is that the impacts of contracts on small-scale farmers are different. The marketing contract is a financial device which has no impact on agricultural practices, yields, product quality and income. It nevertheless slightly improves food security by mitigating price seasonality. The production contract has a positive impact on the income of producers who were excluded from bank credit. It nevertheless includes implicit interest and insurance costs, meaning that these producers make less profit than those financed by the bank. In order to support the modernization, policies should enhance the design of an appropriate insurance system for agricultural credit. They should also include small-scale processors in the modernization through the promotion of semi-industrial technics and the opening up of operating and equipment loans. Finally, they should fund studies about the use of small-scale mechanization
Roulet, Pierre-Armand Roulet. „« Chasseur blanc, cœur noir ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale. Une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion communautaire ». Les cas du nord RCA et du sud-est Cameroun“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00170051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFall, Moustapha Cissé. „Gestion foncière et décentralisation au Sénégal dans le contexte des acquisitions foncières à grande échelle : le cas de la commune de Ngnith dans le département de Dagana“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Senegal since the 2000s, different agricultural policies and public programs have been enacted by the regimes of Abdoulaye Wade (2000-2012) and Macky Sall (2010 to the present) with the goal of, among others, opening up the sector to more liberal policies that they have supported. This desire to liberalize comes during a national context characterized by reforms enacted in 1996 giving an increased autonomy to the local collectivities in their management of land resources. The international context was similarly marked by the international financial institutions, notably the World Bank, advocating similar liberal policies, pushing for the modernization of the sector and an increase in productivity. By examining the installation of two agro-industrial companies (Senhuile and West Africa Farms) in the commune of Ngnith in the Saint Louis region, this study attempts to reveal to what degree this commune exercises its decentralized land management responsibilities in this new context of liberalization. The case studies retrace the different steps in the acquisition of land by these companies and the roles of the different actors involved in this process (the State, agro-industrial companies, rural communities, the commune of Ngnith, local populations, etc.). The study also analyses the different modes of production of these companies as well as the impacts and multiple risks resulting from their establishment. The results obtained, principally through interviews and semi-structured surveys conducted near the different locations of these companies, have generally shown that the current practice of decentralization in this commune cannot alone explain the establishment of these companies. Rather, the analysis reveals a three-fold process: the strong involvement of the State despite transferring the authority to the commune, the decisive role of a part of the local population, and the complexity of land acquisition strategies used by the companies
Tabib, Rafaâ. „Effets de la frontière tuniso-libyenne sur les recompositions économiques et sociales des Werghemmas de la possession à la réappropriation des territoires. : De la possession à la réppropriation des territoires“. Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR1502/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe J'farra, the region crossed by the Tunisian-Libyan border, is the history land of tribal confederations; the Werghemmas and the Nouaïels. For nearly a century, she knows a set of mutations that affect both types of resource and the landscape. In a predominantly pastoral region, dominated by a tribal and nomadic social organization, the J'farra experienced a period of economic marginality before becoming, since the year 1989 the earth of smuggling. However, the J'farra is not only an area of tolerance established by the authorities or an exemption zone economic or legal exception, but a territory of structured claims from local tribal groups, forms of subversion of the border, informal activities of various forms inherent in the globalization of trade and symbolic representations based on the values of the past. When the local tribal networks have succeeded in creating a new economic reality through informal activities around the border, agrees that an early re-territorialisation around. The networks are driven primarily by a particular category, the aâmem. The aâmem have shown themselves capable of inventing alternative forms of supervision that have replaced those of the state and managed to "make land". However, the territory in the emerging J'farra is not homogeneous and leads to a series of clashes. In addition, the network is a system j'farri action and authority, and it is characterized by a hierarchy and inequality among its members, generating divisions among its members. The activity of the informal network of transnational j'farri not working in opposition to the State territory as against the state institution to which he tries to escape. The transgression of the border, the trivialization of its crossing by the descendants of ancient nomads, the reactivation of old tribal solidarity within border informal trade networks and the integration to the globalized market, paving the way for the reinvention, according to new practices , the former "conceiving of life" of the population of J'farra and its territory
Yim, David. „Une analyse empirique du rôle de l'éducation dans le processus individuel de migration rurale-urbaine en Thaïlande“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRolland, Vincent. „L'intégration des minorités ethniques et des régions montagneuses du nord du Laos : le cas de la province de Luang Namtha, 1995-2015“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28127.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the beginning of the 1980s, the political and economic changes undertaken by the Laotian State have reshaped the face of the country. These changes work to foster greater integration into international markets and to further develop the country. The results of these transformations are noticeable in rural and mountainous landscape and have influenced the evolution of the ethnic minorities’ livelihoods and lifestyles. The recent development of agro-commercial plantations has contributed to reorganize the socio-economical geography of the northern Laotian provinces, including Luang Namtha. How do local populations adapt to these quick transformations? What changes do these changes involve? This research, which utilizes a multiscalar approach, helps to better understand the inner workings of this integration and the local adaptation process into the national and international systems. KEYWORDS: Laos, integration, rural world, ethnic minorities, livelihoods, adaptation.
Sène, Abdourahmane Mbade. „Des institutions internationales à l'action locale. A quelles échelles le développement durable est-il efficace ?Le cas des équipements structurants dans le bassin versant du fleuve Sénégal“. Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413731.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleD'une manière transversale à ces axes de recherche, apparaissent deux autres axes de réflexion : d'abord de nouveaux principes ou indicateurs relatifs au développement durable et à la justice environnementale tels que l'équité et la participation sont étudiés sur ces territoires afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes ou le fonctionnement des modèles de développement véhiculés par les instances internationales sur les territoires des pays du Sud. Ensuite, l'analyse des grandes conventions internationales environnementales depuis leur élaboration au travers de négociations internationales avec toutes les controverses qui en découlent jusqu'à leur application avec les difficultés d'appropriation par les Etats du Sud des normes qui y sont élaborés et les conditionnalités de l'aide qui s'y rattachent.