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1
Nalyvaiko, L. I., V. S. Boiko, A. I. Zavgorodniy, and O. V. Riabinina. "Testing of domestic disinfectants in veterinary medicine." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 8, no. 1-2 (May 10, 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2022-8-1-2-5.
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In the system of veterinary and sanitary measures against the background of environmental changes , it remains relevant to search for new high effective means for disinfection to prevent infectious diseases. In a short time, drugs should eliminate pathogens, which requires the special approach to the choice of methods and means of disinfection. To carry out effective disinfection, the availability of appropriate drugs is required, but most of them do not meet one or another requirement, namely: some drugs have a high bactericidal effect, but are toxic, others have a high effect, low toxicity, but have a destructive effect on the treated surfaces. For practical veterinary medicine, drugs that provide a complex effect on viruses, bacteria and fungi are of particular interest. As effective disinfectants, including aerosols and electro aerosols, for many bacterial and viral diseases of animals and birds, preparations from the aldehyde group showed a positive result: a formaldehyde solution with an active substance content of 37%, an alkaline formaldehyde solution prepared from paraformaldehyde and 1% sodium hydroxide. However, despite their advantage, these preparations have a number of disadvantages, namely: high toxicity with a pronounced odor, instability of working solutions, selectivity against pathogenic microorganisms, corrosiveness and carcinogenicity. With the constant use of these agents, the microflora develops resistance. In this regard, it remains relevant to create new environmentally friendly disinfectants, taking into account the achievements of domestic and foreign practice, harmless to humans and animals, environmentally safe and available for consumers
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Roy, Adrija, Swayam Pragyan Parida, and Vikas Bhatia. "Role of disinfection and hand hygiene: a COVID-19 perspective." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203025.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted in most instances through respiratory droplets, direct contact with cases, and also through contaminated surfaces/objects. Though the virus survives on environmental surfaces for varied periods, it gets easily inactivated by disinfectants. Therefore, this article aims to highlight the role of surface disinfection and hand disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disinfection with appropriate and recommended physical or chemical disinfectants will not only reduce the spread of the disease but also play a significant part in flattening the curve. Alcohol-based disinfectants and other chemical disinfectants play major roles. Ether, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, other chlorine-containing disinfectants, peracetic acid, chloroform used under appropriate concentrations and techniques are necessary to stop the chain of transmission. Hand disinfection using soap and water or alcohol-based hand rubs are also of equal importance. Irrespective of the importance, the judicious use of disinfectants is also necessary. Therefore, the fastest, easiest, and most effective way to halt or reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 the virus resulting in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through surface disinfection and handwashing with soap and water and its role in the COVID-19 pandemic is highly important.
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Rocha, Patrícia Kuerten, Claire M. Rickard, Ana Cristina Gales, Thaís Cristine Marques Sincero, Gillian Ray-Barruel, Amanda J. Ullman, Camila Biazus Dalcin, and Mavilde L. Gonçalves Pedreira. "Disinfection of needleless connectors to reduce Staphylococcus aureus bacterial load." British Journal of Nursing 31, no. 19 (October 27, 2022): S26—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.19.s26.
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HIGHLIGHTS Compare effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing S. aureus. Five disinfectants reduced the bacterial load, especially chlorhexidine solutions. Focus on Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection Purpose: This study aimed to gain further knowledge about the comparative effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing the bacterial load of NCs inoculated with S. aureus. Methods: Disinfection of needleless connectors was undertaken in vitro against S. aureus comparing 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 70% ethanol, 0.5% and 2% chlorhexidine in 70% IPA applied with gauze, and 70% IPA single-use cap (Site-Scrub®). Results: All disinfectants reduced the bacterial load (P<0.001), especially the chlorhexidine solutions. Mechanical friction should follow guidelines. Conclusion: This study found that all tested disinfectants effectively reduced the bacterial load and more clinical studies must be developed with a focus on the Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection.
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Nasim, Iffat. "Effectiveness of silver nano particles on root canal disinfection." Bioinformation 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630017218.
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The goal of endodontic treatment is the debridement and removal of the microbial ecosystem associated with the disease process. The need for root canal disinfectants increases especially in those cases where infection is resistant to the regular treatment and the outcome of endodontic therapy is often compromised. Therefore, it is of interest to document the known effectiveness of silver nanoparticle based root canal disinfectants with other root canal disinfectants on microbial load reduction during root canal disinfection. Known data shows that the overall risk of bias for the selected studies was moderate. Silver nanoparticle based root canal disinfectants showed superior reduction of microbial counts in majority of the studies. This data is limited to vitro studies with no clinical information to validate the use of antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles used as root canal disinfectant.
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Bensel, Tobias, Jens J. Bock, Anne Kebernik, Christin Arnold, Sonia Mansour, and Arne F. Boeckler. "Effect of Disinfectants on Mechanical Properties of Orthodontic Acrylics." International Journal of Biomaterials 2019 (April 24, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1096208.
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Objective. Infection control protocols in dentistry dictate that orthodontic acrylics have to be disinfected. No specific products for orthodontic acrylics are available. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical disinfectants on mechanical properties of orthodontic acrylics.Materials and Methods. 260 test specimens of two cold-curing orthodontic acrylics were manufactured. Three chemical disinfecting agents were tested: Impresept, D050 Instru-Gen, and Stammopur DR. Test specimens were stored in distilled water and divided into test groups. E-Modulus, flexural strength, macro hardness, micro hardness, average roughness, and colour change were measured.Results. Disinfection agents showed no significant influence on E-modulus. Values ranged from 1783.80 ± 163.80 MPa (Forestacryl colourless) to 2474.00 ± 135.00 MPa (Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Disinfection agents performed no significant influence on flexural strength. Values ranged from 18.64±1.59 N/mm2(Forestacryl colourless) to 25.64 ± 1.43 N/mm2(Orthocryl green) after storage in distilled water. Orthocryl colourless showed a reduction of the macro hardness after disinfection (Stammopur DR (p≤0.001), D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.037)). Disinfection of Orthocryl green with D050 Instru-Gen (p<0.001) and Forestacryl colourless with Impresept (p≤0.001) led to a reduction of macro hardness. Micro hardness of Orthocryl colourless altered significantly after disinfection with D050 Instru-Gen (p≤0.001). Micro hardness of Forestacryl colourless increased (Impresept (p≤0.039)) and decreased (Stammopur DR (p≤0.006) Instru-Gen (p≤0.001)) after disinfection. Average roughness did not change significantly (Orthocryl colourless). Forestacryl colourless performed a significant change after disinfection with Stammopur DR (p≤0.05). This is also true for the disinfection of Orthocryl green and Forestacryl pink with Instru-Gen (p≤0.05). Disinfection performed no significant influence on colour change. ΔE-values were in a range of 1 to 2.Conclusions. Some orthodontic acrylics disinfection caused significant changes of determined parameters. Changes were specific for the applied disinfectant and tested orthodontic acrylic. Further studies should verify the impact of long-term disinfection intervals. Thus, from manufacturers of orthodontic acrylics recommendations for appropriate disinfectants would be desirable.
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Shirai, Junsuke. "Disinfection Against the Outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0264.
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Disinfection in cases of the Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus is reviewed, starting with a description of the modes of action against pathogens by representative disinfectants such as chlorine and its derivatives and quaternary ammonium, phenolic, iodine, and aldehyde compounds. The virucidal effect of individual disinfectants is then described and virucidal mechanisms of chlorine and its derivatives and quaternary ammonium and iodine compounds are shown. Disinfectants effective against the FMD virus commercially available in Japan are described and experimental data is shown, followed by a description of cleaning and disinfection of animal facilities after an FMD outbreak.
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Walczak, Katarzyna, Jessica Thiele, Daniel Geisler, Klaus Boening, and Mieszko Wieckiewicz. "Effect of Chemical Disinfection on Chitosan Coated PMMA and PETG Surfaces—An In Vitro Study." Polymers 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10050536.
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In oral sciences, chitosan application is of interest due to its antimicrobial and hemostatic activity. Chitosan coating of dentures and other intraoral devices could be beneficial for treatment of denture stomatitis or in the management of postoperative bleeding. Disinfection of dentures and prosthodontic materials is crucial before their use in patients. This study investigated the influence of chemical disinfectants on chitosan-coated surfaces. A total of 100 specimens were made: 50 of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), and 50 of PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified) material and coated with 2% chitosan acetate solution. In each material, 5 groups (10 specimens each) were established and disinfected with Printosept-ID (L1), MD 520 (L2), Silosept (L3), or Dentavon (L4), or stored in distilled water (L0, control group). After disinfection, all specimens underwent abrasion tests (30,000 cycles in a tooth-brushing simulator). Areas without chitosan coating were measured by digital planimetry both before and after the disinfection/abrasion procedure and a damage-score was calculated. Regarding chitosan coating, the statistical analysis showed a significant influence of the disinfectants tested and significant differences between disinfectants (p < 0.05). Chitosan coating was most stable on PMMA and PETG after disinfection with MD 520 (L2). Otherwise, active oxygen containing disinfectants (L3, L4) led to the greatest alterations in the chitosan coating.
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Di Martino, Giuseppina, Salvatore Pasqua, Bruno Douradinha, Francesco Monaco, Chiara Di Bartolo, Pier Giulio Conaldi, and Danilo D’Apolito. "Efficacy of Three Commercial Disinfectants in Reducing Microbial Surfaces’ Contaminations of Pharmaceuticals Hospital Facilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020779.
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To evaluate and validate the efficacy of disinfectants used in our cleaning procedure, in order to reduce pharmaceutical hospital surfaces’ contaminations, we tested the action of three commercial disinfectants on small representative samples of the surfaces present in our hospital cleanrooms. These samples (or coupons) were contaminated with selected microorganisms for the validation of the disinfectants. The coupons were sampled before and after disinfection and the microbial load was assessed to calculate the Log10 reduction index. Subsequently, we developed and validated a disinfection procedure on real surfaces inside the cleanrooms intentionally contaminated with microorganisms, using approximately 107–108 total colony forming units per coupon. Our results showed a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy coherent to the acceptance criteria suggested by United States Pharmacopeia 35 <1072>. The correct implementation of our cleaning and disinfection procedure, respecting stipulated concentrations and contact times, led to a reduction of at least 6 Log10 for all microorganisms used. The proposed disinfection procedure reduced the pharmaceutical hospital surfaces’ contaminations, limited the propagation of microorganisms in points adjacent to the disinfected area, and ensured high disinfection and safety levels for operators, patients, and treated surfaces.
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Cerghizan, Diana, Kinga Mária Jánosi, Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea, Oana Popelea, Monica Dora Baloș, Adriana Elena Crăciun, Liana Georgiana Hănțoiu, and Aurița Ioana Albu. "The Efficacy of Three Types of Disinfectants on the Microbial Flora from the Surface of Impression Materials Used in Dentistry—In Vitro Study." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021097.
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During impressions, bacteria, viruses, and fungi remain on the impression material, representing a significant risk for the medical team (dentists, dental assistants, and laboratory technicians). Impression disinfectants have been introduced into dentistry to reduce the risk of cross-infection. This study was performed by examining the surface disinfection of five commonly used impression materials in prosthodontics: alginate-Tropicalgin (Zhermack®), condensation silicone-Zetaplus (Zhermack®), Oranwash L (Zhermack®); and addition silicone-Elite HD + Putty Soft (Zhermack®), Elite + Light Body (Zhermack®) after the disinfection with three disinfectants: Zeta 3 Soft (Zhermack®), Zeta 7 Spray (Zhermack®) and Zeta 7 Solution (Zhermack®). Before disinfection, the impression materials were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10213. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the two examined specific disinfectants in reducing cross-infection risk. The surface disinfectant-spray is not adequate for impression disinfection. A high number of bacterial colonies were found on the surface of all impressions disinfected with this spray. The immersion-disinfection method effectively eliminates the risk of cross-infections (Kruskal–Wallis test showed a p < 0.001).
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Grenkova, T. A., A. I. Chizhov, M. P. Gusarova, and N. V. Gudova. "Study of the Effectiveness against Test Strain Mycobacterium terrae DSM 43227 of Some Substances Containing Fragment of Phenolic." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 15, no. 4 (August 20, 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2016-15-4-37-41.
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Relevance. Multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been an important problem in public health around the world. However, development of effective methods and means of disinfection is now extremely urgent. Phenol is probably the oldest known disinfectant. Disinfectants based on substances containing phenolic practically used in almost every countries of the worldwide for the disinfection of medical devices, surfaces and hand hygiene. Goal. Comparative study of the activity of certain disinfectants containing phenol fragment against the test strain. Materials and methods. Multi-drug-resistant M. terrae, M. avium-intracellulara and M. tuberculosis have similar characteristics of resistance to chemical disinfectants, herefore M. terrae DSM 43227 used as the test strain. We studied five used in Russia for the production of disinfectants and antiseptics. substances containing a phenolic. Results. The disinfectant effect of substances with phenol compounds was detected in lower concentrations (from 0.02% for 2-benzil-4-chlorphenol to 1.0% for ortophenylphenol) than with substances containing glutaraldehyde or chloramine B compounds. Conclusions. Saving disinfecting effectiveness at low concentrations of the active substances in the working solutions can be recommended disinfectants based on phenolic compounds for disinfection measures in the complex of measures for prevention of occurrence and spread of tuberculosis.
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Ivanov, A. A., A. B. Seleznev, N. V. Komissarov, E. V. Ivchenko, A. B. Yudin, A. A. Musaev, and O. G. Prigorelov. "Future developments and advances in disinfectants and application modes for use in departments, military units and medical facilities in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12332.
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There were performed test and development review concerning disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North, an assessment of their sophistication, and determination of possible ways to enhancement of efficiency. It was found that long-term low temperatures, geographical distance and hard-to-reach territories, weak natural self-regeneration mechanism of biocenosis, development of human hypersensitivity to infectious agents, congestion of personnel at camping and operation places define the urgency of creation of modern chemical and technical disinfectants which are effective in the north. The basic requirements to these disinfectants were formulated. Thus, process chemical solutions should not become frozen over a period that biocide effect takes; disinfectants to use in human presence should meet the operational criteria for sealable inhabited objects. Engineering tools should be equipped with productive snowmelters, heat-insulated rooms, all-terrain running gear, liquid fuel -powered cauldrons, heaters, electric power station. Promising directions of new disinfectants advancing and development were determined. It’s necessary to study infectious and parasitic morbidity in the Arctic and Extreme North, the causes and conditions governing its structure and dynamics, specificity of epidemic process. The establishment of special climate chambers with variable capacities for materials and goods disinfection mode development, including the use of engineering tools; it is essential to choose or develop the study methods of arctic climatic factors influence on test microorganisms, operating procedure behavior of disinfection, worked objects’ properties. The studies of microbial contamination specifics seemed perspective, both in the environment and within inhabited objects, under long-term exposure of low temperatures; the search of biocidic technologies and factors for making disinfectants, modes and methods of application; substantiation of disinfection procedures tactics. Instructional and methodological base preparing will allow to perform perspective studies and disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North in accordance with contemporary requirements.
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Ni, Lijia, Zhixian Zhang, Rui Shen, Xiaoqiang Liu, Xuexue Li, Baiji Chen, Xiquan Wu, Hongyu Li, Xiaoying Xie, and Songyin Huang. "Disinfection Strategies for Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Healthcare Facility." Antibiotics 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060736.
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Disinfectant resistance is evolving into a serious problem due to the long-term and extensive use of disinfectants, which brings great challenges to hospital infection control. As a notorious multidrug-resistant bacterium, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is one of the most common and difficult pathogens of nosocomial infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests of seven kinds of disinfectants (0.1% benzalkonium bromide, 4% aqueous chlorhexidine, 75% alcohol, entoiodine II, 2% glutaraldehyde, 2000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectants, and 3% hydrogen peroxide) were detected by the broth dilution method. Three efflux pump genes (oqxA, oqxB, and qacE∆1-sul1) were detected by PCR. The mean MIC value of aqueous chlorhexidine from the intensive care unit (ICU) (0.0034%) was significantly higher than that from non-ICUs (0.0019%) (p < 0.05). The positive rates of three efflux pump genes oqxA, oqxB and qacE∆1-sul1 were 60.9% (39/64), 17.2% (11/64) and 71.9% (46/64) in the detected CRKP isolates, respectively. This study discovered that CRKP strains demonstrated extensive resistance to clinical disinfectants and suggest that it is necessary to perform corresponding increases in the concentration of aqueous chlorhexidine and chlorine-containing disinfectants on the basis of current standards in the healthcare industry.
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Hosni, Ahmed A., William T. Shane, Jeffery G. Szabo, and Paul L. Bishop. "The disinfection efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide as disinfectants of Bacillus globigii, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, in water networks: A comparative studyA paper submitted to the Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 4 (April 2009): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-001.
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Intentional contamination of drinking water with anthrax spores is a concern to water utilities. The spores may become embedded in the distribution pipe corrosion and biofilm, where they will be protected from residual disinfectants. This paper compares the disinfection effectiveness of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on Bacillus globigii , a surrogate for B. anthracis . Batch experiments were performed using both disinfectants. Data was analyzed using the delayed Chick-Watson model to determine the corresponding CTlag (CT = concentration × time) values and Watson plots, which indicate the dominant factors affecting disinfection kinetics. Chlorine dioxide had CTlag values almost one tenth of those observed for chlorine. However, Watson plots showed that exposure time and disinfectant concentrations have equal weights on the inactivation rate of both disinfectants.
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Ramos-Castaneda, Jorge A., Matthew L. Faron, Joshua Hyke, Dominique Bell-Key, Blake W. Buchan, Rahul Nanchal, Paula Pintar, Mary Beth Graham, Susan Huerta, and L. Silvia Munoz-Price. "How frequently should sink drains be disinfected?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.316.
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AbstractPreviously, we showed that disinfection of sink drains is effective at decreasing bacterial loads. Here, we report our evaluation of the ideal frequency of sink-drain disinfection and our comparison of 2 different hydrogen peroxide disinfectants.
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Pope, Zachary C., Timothy J. Kottke, Aditya Shah, Richard G. Vile, and Stacey A. Rizza. "Inactivation of Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate on Common Surfaces by Disinfectants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 7714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147714.
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Surface disinfection is part of a larger mitigation strategy to prevent the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Research evaluating the time, nature, and extent of surface disinfection of replication-competent viruses is needed. We evaluated the efficacy of two disinfectants against a replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 surrogate on three common public surfaces. Vesicular stomatitis virus expressing green fluorescent protein (VSV-GFP) was our replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 surrogate. Disinfection occurred using Super Sani-Cloth Germicidal Disposable Wipes and Oxivir Tb spray per manufacturer instructions to test the efficacy at reducing the presence, viability, and later replication of VSV-GFP on stainless steel, laminate wood, and porcelain surfaces using standardized methods after recovery and toxicity testing. During the main trials, we placed 100 µL spots of VSV-GFP at viral titers of 108, 107, and 106 PFU/mL on each surface prior to disinfection. Trials were completed in triplicate and post-disinfection measurements on each surface were compared to the measurements of non-disinfected surfaces. Disinfectants were considered efficacious when ≥3-log10 reduction in the number of infectious VSV-GFP virus units was observed on a given surface during all trials. Both disinfectants produced a ≥3.23-log10 reduction in infectious VSV-GFP virus unit numbers, with all trials showing no viable, replication-competent VSV-GFP present on any tested surface. The two disinfectants eliminated the presence, viability, and later replication of VSV-GFP, our SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, on all surfaces. This information suggests that, if following manufacturer instructions, overcleaning surfaces with multiple disinfectant solutions may be unnecessary.
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Feng, Cuimin, Na Zhu, Ying Li, Zhen Xu, and Ziyu Guo. "Microbial Characteristics of the Combined Ozone and Tea Polyphenols or Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfection in the Pipe Network." Water 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131835.
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Microbiological safety of water in the pipe network is an important guarantee for safe drinking water. Simulation tests of stainless steel pipe network were carried out using te4a polyphenols and sodium hypochlorite as auxiliary disinfectants for ozone disinfection to analyze the persistent disinfection effects of different combined disinfection methods by measuring the changes in total bacterial colonies in the water. High-throughput sequencing of microorganisms in the pipe network was performed to analyze the differences in the community structure of microorganisms in the water and pipe wall under different disinfection methods. The results showed that the application of auxiliary disinfectants had a relatively long-lasting inhibitory effect on the bacterial colonies in the water, and the diversity of microorganisms in the pipe network varied significantly. As an auxiliary disinfectant for ozone disinfection, tea polyphenols are more powerful than sodium hypochlorite in killing pathogens and chlorine-resistant bacteria, so they are more beneficial to ensure the microbiological safety of water in stainless steel pipe networks.
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Alfa, Dorcas, Sudesh Rathilal, V. L. Pillay, Kumnandi Pikwa, and Martha N. Chollom. "Development and evaluation of a small scale water disinfection system." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 3 (July 8, 2016): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.093.
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Provision of microbiologically safe drinking water for people living in the rural areas of developing countries remains a major challenge to date. A simple gravity-driven membrane point of use system was developed based on woven fabric microfiltration (WFMF) membranes. The WFMF is a loose type of membrane (0.45 μm). However, complete disinfection is not achieved with the WFMF, hence it was incorporated with two disinfectants. This study aimed to combine the WFMF with two disinfectants (WaterGuard and bromochlor tablets) to bring the water to the accepted quality for drinking. Four different types of water were sourced, considering two factors: E. coli and turbidity content. The WFMF demonstrated excellent filtration performance by producing permeates with turbidity less than 1 NTU for feed turbidity ranging between 10 and 200 NTU. There was 95–99.8% E. coli removal for raw feeds with influent E. coli ranging between 500 and 44,500 CFU/100 mL. Total disinfection was achieved with both disinfectants; however, the effectiveness of the chemical disinfectants in E. coli removal was affected by the quality of water to be disinfected. The study showed that turbidity plays a major role in disinfection performances by increasing chlorine demand on water sources with high turbidity levels.
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Wirtanen, G., and S. Salo. "Disinfection in Food Processing – Efficacy Testing of Disinfectants." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 2, no. 2-4 (2003): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:resb.0000040471.15700.03.
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Zhang, Jing, and Chen Yan Hu. "Review on Disinfection Pretreatment Processes to Remove Water N-Nitrosodimethylamine Disinfection By-Products." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1833.
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As a new finding disinfection by-product (DBP), N-nitrosodimethylamine is becoming research focus for its high carcinogenicity. Some pretreatment technologies of drinking water such as activated carbon adsorption, enhanced coagulation, chemical oxidation, biological oxidation, advanced oxidation were summarized. As shown above, the control effect of process of NDMA and its precursors were analyzed.
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Kamal, Mohamed Abdelhameed, Mahmoud Abdelaty Khalaf, Zakia Attia Mohamed Ahmed, and Jakeen El Jakee. "Evaluation of the efficacy of commonly used disinfectants against isolated chlorine-resistant strains from drinking water used in Egyptian cattle farms." December-2019 12, no. 12 (December 2019): 2025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.2025-2035.
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Background and Aim: Drinking water of poor microbiological quality contains high percentages of microbes causing outbreaks of mainly coliform-related diseases. These microbes could be controlled by many hygienic standards including disinfection, but disinfectants misuse causes the developing of disinfectant-resistant strains. The present study aimed to investigate drinking water bacterial profile, determine chlorine-resistant strains, and statistically correlate that with the used disinfectant and disinfection process variables. In vitro evaluation of the bactericidal effect of the most commonly used disinfectants in cattle operations against the isolated chlorine-resistant strains and detection of qacE resistance gene in the isolated chlorine-resistant Escherichia coli strains in some cattle farms suffering coliform and non-coliform related disease around Egypt. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire is used to survey a convenience sample of 132 Egyptian cattle beef and dairy farms suffering emerged epidemics to identify commonly used disinfection process, disinfectant types, disinfectants frequency, and rate of use. One hundred and thirty-two water samples were collected for microbiological analysis to obtain water bacterial profile and testing resistance to chlorine. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the level of association between microbial profile and presence of chlorine-resistant strains in each farm with used disinfection, disinfectant types, and rate of use in these farms. Results: A wide range of disinfectant types used for variable purposes inside cattle farms with a different frequency of use and the highest percent of farms 25.8% use 4-5 types of disinfectants, followed by 25% of farms use two types, then 18.9% use three types. Microbial profile of water samples revealed isolation of E. coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, and Yersinia enterocolitica in percent (98.5, 97.7, 97.7, 76.5, 66.7, 36.4, 78.8, 74.2, 30.3, 29.5, and 14.4% of cattle farms, respectively), from which five E. coli, four Salmonella, four Pseudomonas, two Klebsiella, and four Streptococcus strains expressed chlorine resistance. Statistical analysis showed weak to moderate correlation (rho 0.15-0.46) between bacterial profile strains count and presence of resistant strains with different farm disinfection, disinfectant types, and rate of use. Experimental evaluation of the bactericidal effect of the eight selected disinfectants on the chlorine-resistant isolated strains revealed that peroxymonosulfate killed 19/19 isolated strains/15 min contact time, and quaternary ammonium compounds killed only 3/19 strains/15 min contact time. The qacE resistance gene was detected in 3/4 isolated chlorine-resistant E. coli strains. Conclusion: Drinking water microbial profile strains and resistance to disinfectants are widely varied in cattle farms, and this variance depends on critical factors among which the disinfection process types used disinfectant types and frequency of disinfectants use or change.
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Hermanowicz, S. W., and F. L. Filho. "Disinfection and Attachment of Bacterial Cells." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1992): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0446.
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Attachment of a mixed bacterial population isolated from well water was investigated using a rotating disk apparatus. The effects of two disinfectants (chlorine and monochloramine) applied to bacterial suspensions on subsequent cell attachment were examined. Both chlorine and chloramine appeared to adversely affect cell attachment.
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Pareek, Sonia, Anup Nagaraj, Prateek Sharma, Mansi Atri, Satinder Walia, Shravani Naidu, and Asif Yousuf. "Disinfection of Dental Unit Water Line Using Aloe Vera: In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/618962.
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Context. Dental unit waterlines may be heavily contaminated with microorganisms and are a potential source of infection for both practicing staff and immunocompromised patients particularly. Contamination of dental unit water lines could be inhibited with the use of disinfectants. The present study investigates the effect of aloe-vera-based disinfectant in reducing the microbial growth in dental unit water lines (DUWLs).Aims. To compare the efficacy of aloe vera, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in controlling microbial contamination of DUWLs.Materials and Methods. After obtaining baseline water samples, the dental unit waterlines were treated with aloe vera, 10% hydrogen peroxide, and 5% sodium hypochlorite. Each of the three disinfectants was used in increasing concentrations and their inhibiting effect was compared. Water samples were analyzed for microbiological quality by the total viable count (TVC) method.Statistical Analysis Used. SPSS 16.Results. There was significant reduction in mean CFU/ml when treated with disinfectants each for a period of one week. Aloe-vera solution was found to be the most effective in reducing the microbial colonies.Conclusions. Improving the water quality from dental unit water lines is of considerable importance; chemical-based disinfectants can be replaced with herbal disinfectants for treating microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines.
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Crow, Sue. "Product Commentary: Housekeeping Products: The Choice Is Yours." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 9, no. 1 (January 1988): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/645731.
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For years, Infection Control Practitioners have been asked to identify the “ultimate” hospital::: disinfectant. Health care personnel seem to want a multipurpose product; one that can he used for handwashing for, instrument disinfection and for cleaning the commode. Simply stated, there is not one product that call successfully do all three. Antiseptic solutions, which are approved by the Food and Drug Administration are for use on skin (ie, handwashing and skirt preparation whereas disinfectants are for use in the inanimate environment and are approved by the Environmental Protection Agency.There are two classifications of' disinfectants housekeeping disinfectants and instrument disinfectants. Housekeeping disinfectants are generally low-level disinfectants, and quartenary ammonium compounds or phenol-based solutions are the most common. Instrument disinfectants are high-level disinfectants such as glutaraldehydes and chlorine dioxide.
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Kamenskaya, T. N., L. L. Krivenok, S. A. Lukyanchik, and O. V. Hendogina. "DISINFECTION MEASURES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY." Ecology and Animal World, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2224-1647-2021-1-45-49.
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Narkis, N., A. Katz, F. Orshansky, Y. Kott, and Y. Friedland. "Disinfection of effluents by combinations of chlorine dioxide and chlorine." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0574.
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The behaviour of both chlorine dioxide and chlorine, either as an individual or as combined disinfectants were studied on effluents from activated sludge. The results of the disinfection efficiency, residual disinfectants and their by-products, obtained by treating the same effluents at the same day with identical dosing sequence of chlorine dioxide and chlorine, alone and in a combined dosing, were compared after periods of the same contact. In most cases, it seems that each disinfectant maintains its individual capabilities when used in a combined manner. The combination produced a relatively stable high residual of both disinfectants. The important finding is the fact that the combinations of chlorine dioxide and chlorine decreased the concentration of the undesirable chlorite ion and increased the concentration of the newly formed chlorine dioxide. A greater advantage is obtained by using chlorine dioxide prior to chlorine. Therefore, combined disinfection in this sequence is recommended.
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Kasianenko, Oksana, Ludmila Nagornaya, and Sergiy Kasianenko. "Efficiency of the use of washing and disinfectant «Sandez» for disinfection of poultry houses." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 2 (49) (October 28, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2020.2.3.
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The use of disinfectants of some groups for a long time can lead to the formation of resistance of microorganisms. The quality of the measures depends on same factors, the main of which is the disinfectant. A promising direction is the use of new complex disinfectants with synergistic action. These disinfectants must be environmentall friendly. The purpose of using such drugs is to expand the range of antimicrobial activity and the ability to prevent the emergence of resistant microorganisms. The effects of these programs are increased through the introduction of a monitoring system and methods to control the sensitivity of pathogens to disinfectants used. The article presents the results of experimental research bactericidal activity of working solutions of detergent-disinfectant «Sandez» against isolates of microorganisms S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, at exposure of 2, 5, 10 minutes. The results of a study on the comparative effectiveness of bactericidal activity of the most common detergents and disinfectants, relative to previously isolated bacterial pathogens from the working surfaces of duckweed (S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa) are presented. Also in the comparative aspect are the results of studies of bactericidal activity of detergents and disinfectants of both domestic and foreign production, which are widely used for wet and aerosol disinfection of poultry: «Viroshield», KILCO, Great Britain; «Virocid», CID LINES, NV / SA (Belgium); «Spectragen» SYNTHESIS ELEVAGE, France; «Vircon C» (Antec International), United Kingdom; «Sandez», Ukraine; «Biocontact», PE «Kronos Agro», Ukraine. The results of the study of the sanitary condition of poultry houses before and after disinfection in the presence of pathogenic microflora (S. aureus, E. coli, S. enteritidis, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa). Disinfection of poultry houses by «Sandez» provides bactericidal action on pathogenic microorganisms, and its efficiency is higher by 10.0% in comparison with control and makes 96%.
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Серов, Алексей Андреевич, Н. В. V. Шестопалов, Т. В. V. Гололобова, Л. С. S. Федорова, И. А. A. Храпунова, and А. Д. D. Меркульева. "The role of disinfectological investigations in the management of the complex of preventive activities." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-3-235-241.
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Introduction. Among infectious agents associated with provision of medical care, resistant ones to disinfectants from various chemical groups are more often met. In this regard, disinfection measures carried out in a medical facility are not always effective enough. Material and methods. 9 strains of microorganisms were selected for research (Klebsiella pneumoniae -2 pcs., Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus warneri, Serratia rubidaea, Staphylococcus sciuri, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecium - per 1 pcs.), isolated from the objects of hospital environment in operating unit, intensive care and trauma units, as well as 5 samples of disinfectants from different chemical groups (on the basis of quaternary ammonium salt, tertiary amine and polyhexamethyleneguanidine; on the basis of sodium percarbonate with activator; on the basis of hydrogen peroxide and didecyldimethylammonium chloride; in the form of tablets on the basis of sodium salt sodium dichloroisocyanurate acid), used in the specified divisions of medical facities. The studies were performed in accordance with the methodology set out in methodology instructions MU 3.5.1.3439-17 “Assessment of sensitivity to disinfectants of microorganisms circulating in medical organizations.” Results. When conducting chemical-analytical studies of samples of disinfectants 4 samples out of 5 were found to have inconsistencies in one or another quality indices. The analysis of instructions on application of disinfectants 4 means from 5 were showed to have unreasonably underestimated modes of application. According to the results of the evaluation of the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants, the majority of isolated microorganisms was found to have resistance to the studied disinfectants Conclusion. Based on the results of the study of sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants, a new tactic for improving disinfection measures is proposed for medical facilities: rotation of disinfectants and an enhanced system of microbiological monitoring of the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants
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Serov, Aleksey A., N. V. Shesotpalov, T. V. Gololobova, L. S. Fedorova, I. A. Khrapunova, and A. D. Merkulieva. "THE ROLE OF DISINFECTOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPLEX OF PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-3-235-241.
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Introduction. Among infectious agents associated with provision of medical care, resistant ones to disinfectants from various chemical groups are more often met. In this regard, disinfection measures carried out in a medical facility are not always effective enough. Material and methods. 9 strains of microorganisms were selected for research (Klebsiella pneumoniae -2 pcs., Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus warneri, Serratia rubidaea, Staphylococcus sciuri, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecium - per 1 pcs.), isolated from the objects of hospital environment in operating unit, intensive care and trauma units, as well as 5 samples of disinfectants from different chemical groups (on the basis of quaternary ammonium salt, tertiary amine and polyhexamethyleneguanidine; on the basis of sodium percarbonate with activator; on the basis of hydrogen peroxide and didecyldimethylammonium chloride; in the form of tablets on the basis of sodium salt sodium dichloroisocyanurate acid), used in the specified divisions of medical facities. The studies were performed in accordance with the methodology set out in methodology instructions MU 3.5.1.3439-17 “Assessment of sensitivity to disinfectants of microorganisms circulating in medical organizations.” Results. When conducting chemical-analytical studies of samples of disinfectants 4 samples out of 5 were found to have inconsistencies in one or another quality indices. The analysis of instructions on application of disinfectants 4 means from 5 were showed to have unreasonably underestimated modes of application. According to the results of the evaluation of the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants, the majority of isolated microorganisms was found to have resistance to the studied disinfectants Conclusion. Based on the results of the study of sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants, a new tactic for improving disinfection measures is proposed for medical facilities: rotation of disinfectants and an enhanced system of microbiological monitoring of the sensitivity of microorganisms to disinfectants
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McDONALD, THOMAS A., and HANNU KOMULAINEN. "Carcinogenicity of the Chlorination Disinfection By-Product MX." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 23, no. 2 (July 2005): 163–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10590500500234988.
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Zakhmatov, V. D., M. V. Chernyshov, and N. V. Shcherbak. "The potential use of new impulse fire-fighting machinery for qualitatively new large-scale disinfection." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 29, no. 4 (August 30, 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/pvb.2020.29.04.59-69.
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Introduction. This paper is an overview of the use of standard equipment capable of spraying disinfectants and powders and fi ghting viral infections during a pandemic.Aims and objectives. The objective of the paper is to substantiate the need to develop a new method of combined disinfection. The following problems are to be tackled to meet this challenge: 1) the study of shock waves and their effi ciency if applied to microorganisms; 2) the substantiation of the effi cient use of the available fi re-fi ghting machinery, standard charges and sample equipment for shock-wave disinfection; 3) the search for the optimal and effective cycle of large-scale disinfection; 4) the compatibility substantiation of the shock-wave mode of large-scale spraying of chemical disinfectants; 5) the development and adjustment of impulse fi re-fi ghting equipment to ensure fl exible disinfection control in a wide range of areas.Materials and methods. The weaknesses of disinfection by spraying disinfectants and the impossibility of their elimination by upgrading traditional hydraulic and pneumatic equipment, without changing their operating principles, have been demonstrated.Results and discussion. A new disinfection method, based on the accumulated experience of operation of impulse fi re equipment, is proposed. A disinfection methodology that contemplates the shock-wave destruction of microorganisms has a strong potential. The optimal cycle of spraying disinfectant chemical solutions (DCS) and powders has been substantiated; it assures comprehensive disinfection based on various mechanisms of action: 1) impact compression and prompt heating; 2) pressure relief that destroys microorganisms; 3) convection heating using a squall front that has high-temperature steam whirls; 4) chemical disinfection using micro-drops and DCS vapors sprayed on various surfaces that have irregularities, slots, cracks, irregular shape items.Conclusions. The proposed advanced equipment has no close substitutes in the world. It is protected by the Russian, Ukrainian and Chinese patents. Its production is expedient if launched at defense plants in operation if suffi cient funding is available.
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Coelho, Ana, Inês Amaro, Beatriz Rascão, Inês Marcelino, Anabela Paula, José Saraiva, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Manuel Marques Ferreira, Carlos Miguel Marto, and Eunice Carrilho. "Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Dentin Bond Strength and Clinical Success of Composite Restorations—A Systematic Review of In Vitro, In Situ and Clinical Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010353.
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Cavity disinfection becomes an important step before a dental restorative procedure. The disinfection can be obtained cleaning the dental cavity with antimicrobial agents before the use of adhesive systems. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effect of different cavity disinfectants on restorations’ adhesion and clinical success. A search was carried out through the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. In vitro and in situ studies reporting results on dentin bond strength tests, and clinical studies published until August 2020, in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. The methodological quality assessment of the clinical studies was carried out using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Chlorhexidine could preserve adhesion to dentin. EDTA and ethanol had positive results that should be further confirmed. Given the significant lack of scientific evidence, the use of lasers, fluoridated agents, sodium hypochlorite, or other products as cavity disinfectants should be avoided. Chlorhexidine is a safe option for cavity disinfection with adequate preservation of adhesion to dentin. Moreover, future researches should be focused on the efficacy of these disinfectants against cariogenic bacteria and their best application methods.
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Lloyd-Evans, Nellie, V. Susan Springthorpe, and Syed A. Sattar. "Chemical disinfection of human rotavirus-contaminated inanimate surfaces." Journal of Hygiene 97, no. 1 (August 1986): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400064445.
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SUMMARYFomites may play a role in the transmission of rotavirus infections, and in view of this, 27 disinfectants were evaluated for their ability to inactivate human rotavirus (HRV) on contaminated non-porous inanimate surfaces. Disks of stainless steel, glass and two types of plastics were contaminated with about 107 plaque-forming units of HRV suspended in faecal matter. The inoculum was allowed todry and an equal volume of the product under test was applied to the contaminated surface. After contact for 1 min, the action of the disinfectant was stopped by dilution. Surviving infectious virus on the disks was determined by plaque assay in MA-104 cells. A product was considered to be effective if itcould reduce the virus titre by at least 3 log10. Only 33·3% (9/27) of the formulations tested proved to be effective. Further testing of the effective products, which included antiseptics, instrument soaks and hard-surface disinfectants, showed that all of them could, in fact, reduce the virus titre on contaminated surfaces by at least 6 log10. These findings show the relative resistance of HRV to a widerange of chemical disinfectants in common use, and also emphasize the need for a more thorough evaluation of the virucidal potential of formulations regularly employed in attempts to prevent and control outbreaks of rotaviral diarrhoea.
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Smirnov, A. M., V. I. Dorozhkin, N. I. Popov, and N. K. Gunenkova. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY ON PROVIDING VETERINARY AND SANITARY LIVESTOCK WELL-BEING." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 1 (2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202101001.
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The article presents the results of research work on the state order for 2020 on disinfection, including aerosol, and deratization. The prospects of fundamental research on the study of the effect of biological (bacteriophages) and chemical (chlorine-containing disinfectants) agents on biofilms of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms in order to select and evaluate new effective disinfectants are shown.
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Rutala, William A., and David J. Weber. "Disinfection of Endoscopes: Review of New Chemical Sterilants Used for High-Level Disinfection." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 01 (January 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501544.
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AbstractChemical sterilants are used to high-level disinfect heat-sensitive semicritical items such as endoscopes. Most endoscopes have been reprocessed between each patient use with glutaraldehyde (&gt;2%) or the Steris System 1. Several new chemical sterilants have been developed recently, including 7.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.08% peracetic acid plus 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.55% orthophthalaldehyde. In order to aid the infection control professional in choosing the appropriate disinfection methodology, this article reviews the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of high-level disinfectants intended for reprocessing endoscopes.
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Galal-Gorchev, Hend. "Chlorine in Water Disinfection." Pure and Applied Chemistry 68, no. 9 (September 30, 1996): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199668091731.
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Disinfection of drinking-water is one of the main achievements of our time in the protection of public health. The use of chlorine for the destruction of microbiological pathogens is essential to protect the public from outbreaks of waterborne disease. Chlorine, as well as other disinfectants, produces a variety of chemical by-products. The risk from the presence of microbial pathogens in drinking-water is estimated to be several orders of magnitude greater than the risk from chlorination by-products. Any efforts to control these by-products must not compromise the microbiological quality of drinking-water.
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Hassan, A. S., B. V. Maikai, J. Kabir, and M. B. Aliyu. "Efficacy of Disinfectants Usage at Daily Live Bird Markets in Four North-Western States of Nigeria." Folia Veterinaria 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2022-0024.
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Abstract Maintaining strict biosecurity measures are essential in preventing disease spread from live bird markets (LBMs), which serve as a major intermingling area for poultry from different sources. This study evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants used in daily live bird markets of four north-western states in Nigeria. Seven different disinfectants were identified as commonly used in the LBMs. They were analysed by suspension and surface disinfection tests against standard strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolates from swab samples of birds’ cages in the LBMs were initially subjected to biochemical tests and, subsequently, susceptibility tests against commercial disinfectants. All of the 7 (100 %) disinfectants used in the LBMs killed/inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. Enteritidis, and S. aureus with the suspension test, while following the surface disinfection test, all 7 (100 %) killed/inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. Enteritidis but only 4 (57 %) killed/inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Seven (0.02 %) samples out of the 400 swabs were positive for E. coli comprising 1 (14 %), 2 (29 %), and 4 (57 %) from LBMs in Katsina, Kaduna, and Kano, respectively. There were varying growths of E. coli at different concentrations and exposure times. Six (17 %) of the LBMs sampled had and used disinfectants. E. coli was isolated from 1 (17 %) out of the 6 LBMs that had and used disinfectants and 5 (17 %) out of the 29 LBMs that did not have or use disinfect-ants. The standard organisms were most susceptible to orthobenzyl chlorophenol-based disinfectants and least susceptible to chlorophenol-based disinfectants. This study has shown the importance of the use of disinfect-ants in LBMs. There should be enforcement of disinfectants usage in LBMs for public safety.
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Sundari, Cok Dewi Widhya Hana, I. Gusti Ayu Sri Dhyanaputri, Nur Habibah, and Heri Setiyo Bekti. "Environmental Disinfection Training for the Community for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Transmission." Ahmar Metakarya: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.53770/amjpm.v1i2.50.
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Since its emergence at the end of 2019, WHO has designated COVID-19 as a pandemic after 114 countries were infected by the virus. The rate of transmission and spread of this virus is very massive. COVID-19 can be transmitted easily from human to human through close contact and droplets. According to several studies, the corona virus that sticks to various surfaces of objects can be effectively removed by using various types of disinfectants. The widespread use of disinfectant liquids in the community is not accompanied by sufficient knowledge, causing misuse which causes less effective disinfection and can even cause side effects for health and negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of this activity is to provide education to the public so that they understand how to manufacture and use disinfectants properly so that they are effective and avoid side effects on health. Implementation of this activity were 60 people, consisting of: representatives from the village apparatus, Sekehe Teruna Teruni, PKK and health cadres representing the Cempaga village, Bangli distric-Province of Bali. The method of devotion carried out in this activity are the lecture, discussion and training method. The training was held for 3 (three) days, consisting of lectures on disinfectants and environmental disinfection methods, as well as demonstrations of making disinfectants delivered by village representatives. The result of this activity is that there is an increase in knowledge about COVID-19 targeted training at the level of knowledge category both before training by 25% and after training to 63.33%. And there is an increase in knowledge about environmental disinfection for the prevention of COVID-19 training targets at the level of knowledge both before training by 16.67% and after training to 63.33%. It is recommended to carry out environmental disinfection in the surrounding environment using household materials and carry out environmental disinfection safely both for public health and for the surrounding environment.
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Jehle, Karlheinz, Nick Jarrett, and Shaun Matthews. "Clean and Green: Saving Water in the Operating Theatre." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 1 (January 2008): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588408x242277.
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INTRODUCTION There is a growing trend to use alcohol-based hand disinfectants in clinical practice. In addition to their antibacterial efficacy, these disinfectants offer an alternative to traditional surgical hand disinfection agents that can save water in the operating theatre. MATERIALS AND METHODS The amounts of water and soap used during traditional surgical hand disinfection with antiseptic soap preparations were measured and water usage over a 1-year period was estimated. Costs of traditional disinfection agents were compared with alcohol-based agents. RESULTS One surgical hand disinfection episode with traditional agents used 18.5 l of water. During 15,500 procedures performed at our institution over a 1-year period, 931,938 l of water were used which could have been saved had alcohol-based agents been used. Cost per episode of hand disinfection depends on the amounts used and is not higher compared to traditional agents. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of using an alcohol-based surgical hand disinfectant may include significant water savings, in addition to previously published advantages of improved efficacy. When deciding on the method of surgical hand disinfection, careful thought should be given to the use of water as a resource. Surgeons should be aware of the environmental impact of their profession.
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Stawarz-Janeczek, Magdalena, Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa, Bożena Muszyńska, Włodzimierz Opoka, and Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk. "Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection." European Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 02 (March 10, 2021): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724154.
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AbstractEffective disinfection is a basic procedure in medical facilities, including those conducting dental surgeries, where treatments for tissue discontinuity are also performed, as it is an important element of infection prevention. Disinfectants used in dentistry and dental and maxillofacial surgery include both inorganic (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite-hypochlorite) and organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, eugenol). Various mechanisms of action of disinfectants have been reported, which include destruction of the structure of bacterial and fungal cell membranes; damage of nucleic acids; denaturation of proteins, which in turn causes inhibition of enzyme activity; loss of cell membrane integrity; and decomposition of cell components. This article discusses the most important examples of substances used as disinfectants in dentistry and presents the mechanisms of their action with particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The interest of scientists in the use of disinfectants in dental practice is constantly growing, which results in the increasing number of publications on disinfection, sterilization, and asepsis. Many disinfectants often possess several of the abovementioned mechanisms of action. In addition, disinfectant preparations used in dental practice either contain one compound or are frequently a mixture of active compounds, which increases their range and effectiveness of antimicrobial action. Currently available information on disinfectants that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental practices was summarized.
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Terleckyj, B., and DA Axler. "Efficacy of disinfectants against fungi isolated from skin and nail infections." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 83, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-83-7-386.
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Commercial disinfectants classified as fungicides may not be effective against commonly encountered fungi within reasonable periods. Cell suspensions of clinical fungal isolates were exposed to use-dilutions of various disinfectants. Quaternary ammonium compounds, iodophors, and phenolics were not fungicidal against all test fungi within 60 min of exposure. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Aspergillus fumigatus were among the more resistant fungi. Disinfectants that possess low-level activity should not be used for disinfection of medical instruments that come in contact with the patient. The only reliable and safe measure is to use high-level disinfectants such as the glutaraldehydes, which are fungicidal in 15 to 30 min.
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Sagripanti, Jose-Luis, and Aylin Bonifacino. "Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Liquid Disinfectants on Contaminated Surfaces before Formation of Biofilms." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.6.1415.
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Abstract A comparison was made of the effectiveness of popular disinfectants (Cavicide, Cidexplus, Clorox, Exspor, Lysol, Renalin, and Wavicide) under conditions prescribed for disinfection in the respective product labels on Pseudomonas aeruginosa either in suspension or deposited onto surfaces of metallic or polymeric plastic devices. The testing also included 7 nonformulated germicidal agents (glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, phenol, and cupric ascorbate) commonly used in disinfection and decontamination. Results showed that P. aeruginosa is on average 300-fold more resistant when present on contaminated surfaces than in suspension. This increase in resistance agrees with results reported in studies of biofilms, but unexpectedly, it precedes biofilm formation. The surface to which bacteria are attached can influence the effectiveness of disinfectants. Viable bacteria attached to devices may require dislodging through more than a one-step method for detection. The data, obtained with a sensitive and quantitative test, suggest that disinfectants are less effective on contaminated surfaces than generally acknowledged.
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Avikainen, Hanna, Hilkka Koponen, Beata Meinander, and Risto Tahvonen. "The phytotoxicity of disinfectants and their effect at different temperatures." Agricultural and Food Science 2, no. 2 (March 1, 1993): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72645.
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When disinfecting plastic growth containers, only sodium hypochloride (NaClO) caused damage both to cucumber and lettuce seedlings grown on peat if the containers had not been washed with water after disinfection. Also the seedlings grown on rockwool cubes were susceptible to Menno-Ter-forte when the growth containers were not properly rinsed after disinfection. All tested disinfectants caused damage to cucumber, lettuce and cauliflower seedlings when mixed in the peat substrate. The efficiency of disinfectants was higher at +20°C than at +5°C, especially against Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. A decrease in temperature affected least the efficacy of NaOCl and Menno-Ter-forte and most that of Virkon S.
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Basam Basim Mohammed, Duaa Suhail Shawket, Zainab Owaid Shatti, and Enaam Hameed Batah. "Natural disinfectants: A Review." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2022.4.1.0081.
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Disinfection is defined as the destruction of microorganisms, not necessarily destroy all the microbes but may reducing them to an acceptable level. Thus, it could stop the chain of bugs transmission to avoid infections. Antimicrobials are divided into antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. Disinfectants or hand sanitizers are used to prevent microbial contamination on inanimate objects that are present in the environment; consequently, avoiding of disease occurrence. While antibiotics are used for therapeutic purposes. Microbial growth is controlled by using natural, chemical and physical agents. Most investigations that are conducted in vitro showed that natural agents could inhibit or kill the growth of pathogens and its efficiency depends on their bio components. This article will focus on natural antimicrobial agents as alternatives to chemical disinfectants. Natural resources include: plants and microbes.
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Sagripanti, Jose-Luis, and Aylin Bonifacino. "Bacterial Spores Survive Treatment with Commercial Sterilants and Disinfectants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 4255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.9.4255-4260.1999.
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ABSTRACT This study compared the activity of commercial liquid sterilants and disinfectants on Bacillus subtilis spores deposited on three types of devices made of noncorrodible, corrodible, or polymeric material. Products like Renalin, Exspor, Wavicide-01, Cidexplus, and cupric ascorbate were tested under conditions specified for liquid sterilization. These products, at the shorter times indicated for disinfection, and popular disinfectants, like Clorox, Cavicide, and Lysol were also studied. Data obtained with a sensitive and quantitative test suggest that commercial liquid sterilants and disinfectants are less effective on contaminated surfaces than generally acknowledged.
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Sobsey, Mark D. "Inactivation of Health-Related Microorganisms in Water by Disinfection Processes." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0098.
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The recent literature on disinfection of health-related microorganisms in water and wastewater is reviewed. There is now considerable evidence that traditional microbial indicators of water and wastewater quality, such as total and fecal coliform bacteria, are inadequate to predict the presence or disinfection responses of several important, newly recognized bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens. This review emphasizes the response to disinfection of waterborne microbial pathogens and potential indicators of recent recognition and public health concern. These organisms include heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria, frank and opportunistic bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolytica, non-tubercular mycobacteria, Legionella spp. and pseudomonads; coliphage indicators and enteric viral pathogens, such as hepatitis A virus, rotaviruses and Norwalk virus; and protozoan pathogens, such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, and the free-living amoeba (e.g., Acanthamoeba spp. and Negleria spp.). The responses of these organisms to widely used, traditional disinfectants, such as free and combined chlorine, and to disinfectants of more recent interest, such as ozone, chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet light, are reviewed. This review also attempts to identify the variety of factors influencing disinfection efficiency, especially those that interfere with disinfection. It is apparent that traditional microbial indicators, such as total and fecal coliforms, are more sensitive to disinfection than such pathogens of recent concern as mycobacteria, enteric viruses and protozoan cysts. Therefore, efforts must be continued to find more reliable indicators of disinfection efficiency and microbial water quality and improved methods for water and wastewater disinfection.
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Gere, Dóra, Eszter Róka, Gyula Záray, and Márta Vargha. "Disinfection of Therapeutic Spa Waters: Applicability of Sodium Hypochlorite and Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Disinfectants." Water 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050690.
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The microbial water quality of therapeutic pools operating without disinfection is recurrently compromised, posing a risk to bathers’ health. The complex composition of such waters and the sensitivity of their therapeutic components hinder the use of traditional chlorine-based disinfectants. The present study aimed to investigate the applicability of a hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant in therapeutic water in comparison with hypochlorite. Disinfection efficacy, byproduct formation, and the fate of therapeutic components were tested for both disinfectants under laboratory conditions, applying different doses and contact times. Disinfection efficacy was found to be matrix-dependent, especially that of hydrogen peroxide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a 10- to 1000-fold difference). Hypochlorite treatment presented a significant chemical risk through the generation of byproducts, mainly brominated and iodinated compounds and combined chlorine. Of the alleged therapeutic components, sulfide ions were eliminated (≥86% loss) by both disinfectants, and hypochlorite reacted with iodide ions as well (≥70% removal). Based on their composition, only 2% of Hungarian therapeutic waters can be treated by chlorination due to high concentrations of ammonia and/or organic compounds. Hydrogen peroxide is applicable to 82% of the waters, as the presence of sulfide ions is the only limiting factor. Due to the matrix effect, close control of residual disinfectant concentration is necessary to ensure microbial safety.
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Gordynets, S., L. Charniauskaya, J. Yakhnovets, and T. Hovzun. "STUDYING THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF DETERGENTS AND DISINFECTANTS ON THE MICROFLORA OF THE EGG SHELL SURFACE." Topical issues of processing of meat and milk raw materials, no. 14 (December 14, 2020): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2220-8755-2019-14-248-257.
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The article presents the results of evaluating the antimicrobial effect of detergents and disinfectants on the microflora of the eggshell surface. Washing and disinfection of eggs was carried out by manual treatment by immersion in washing and disinfecting solutions and subsequent washing with brushes.
 For washing eggs, an alkaline detergent with a «Sanet BIO» disinfectant effect was used, and for disinfection, one of the four selected disinfectants belonging to different groups of drugs: «SUNWAY DES» disinfectant (peroxide), «Silversil Des»
 disinfectant (silver-containing), «Lanex» disinfectant (based on Quaternary ammonium compounds), and «Catelon 502» disinfectant (containing peracetic acid). It was found that the treatment of eggs in order to reduce the contamination of the surface of their shells with «SUNWAY DES», «Catelon 502» and «Lanex» disinfectants by hand washing confirmed their effectiveness and leads to the disinfection of the shell from opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms, as well as reduces the overall microbial contamination. Sanitization of egg shells of edible hen eggs by hand washing with the use of «Silversil Des» disinfectant in the spent modes showed that this tool is not effective in disinfecting egg shells, since immediately after processing, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella s.p.p. and Listeria s.p.p. bacteria were found on their surface.
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Novikova, O. B., E. D. Javadov, O. F. Khokhlachov, N. V. Tarlavin, and V. V. Veretennikov. "Efficiency of disinfectants for disinfection of chicken incubating eggs." International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine 2 (2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-2419.2021.2.88.
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Kryvokhyzha, Ye, V. Pinchuk, and O. Tertichna. "Evaluation of phytotoxicity of disinfectants used for manure disinfection." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (September 14, 2022): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263323.
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Manure as an organic fertilizer in practice of agriculture is allowed to use only if it does not contain pathogenic microorganisms. Upon detection in manure and chicken droppings of pathogens of infectious diseases is carried out their disinfection. Choosing method of disinfection is carried out at the direction of veterinary service taking into account danger of arising of epizootic situation, type of pathogen of disease, presence and type of chemical reagents and technical means. For disinfection of animal by-products by chemical method we use a large number of disinfecting agents potentially hazardous for the environment which is associated with the content in their composition of xenobiotics, in particular aldehydes, chlorine, phenols, etc. The paper presents results of biotesting of soils polluted by disinfecting agents used for disinfection animal by-products, in particular, bioethanol, Novochlor-Extra (contain such active substances how inorganic chlorine compounds and alkali) and Dezaktin (organic chlorine compounds, anion SAS and sodium tripolyphosphate). The assessment was carried out under laboratory conditions through biotesting with the use of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It is established, that after five-day cultivation of barley seeds in soils containing 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of such agents as bioethanol, Novochlor-Extra and Dezaktin there was gradual reduction of mass of stem to 10.2% compared to a control. When the content in soils was 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of investigated disinfectants gradual reduction of length of stem of barley by an average of 12.2% was observed. At pollution of soil investigated agents in the number of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg we observed the small increase of length of longest of root by an average of 7.8%, which indicates to stimulating influence on the growth of root system and absence of phytotoxicity. When the content of disinfectants bioethanol and Novochlor-Extra in soils was in a quantity of 1000 mg/kg, there was reduction of mass, length of stem and longest root of an average of 19.1, 30.5 and 16.8%, respectively. At pollution of soil at the level of 1000 mg/kg agent of Dezactin we observed reduction of mass of stem to 61.8%, its length on 72.0% and length of longest of root to 67.4% that demonstrated to phytotoxic influence. At the hit of disinfectants with disinfected animal by-products in soils in a quantity of ≥1000 mg/kg it is possible to predict negative impact on morphometric indicators of plant what probably will lead to worsen of their development. The method of determination of pollution of soils by delay growth of root of plants is informative express method for ecological assessment of content in them the disinfectants used for disinfection of animal by-products.
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Boyce, John M. "Alcohols as Surface Disinfectants in Healthcare Settings." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 3 (January 28, 2018): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.301.
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Isopropyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol have been used as low-level disinfectants in healthcare settings for many years. Recent studies have found that ethyl alcohol inhibits protein synthesis in Escherichia coli by direct effects on ribosomes and RNA polymerase and that 60%–70% solutions have in vitro efficacy against murine norovirus, Ebola virus, and several coronaviruses. Alcohol prep pads or towelettes containing isopropyl or ethyl alcohol and water have been used primarily for disinfection of small noncritical items due to a concern regarding their rapid evaporation rates and associated short contact times. Sterile alcohol solutions are used mostly for disinfection of compounding pharmacies and controlled areas. One new Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–registered cleaner/disinfectant formulation differs from other alcohol-based disinfectants by virtue of having a 30-second contact time for multiple pathogens and a toxicity rating of category IV. Multiple disinfectants containing ethyl alcohol and/or isopropyl alcohol combined with other active agents such as quaternary ammonium or phenolic compounds are widely used for disinfecting environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:323–328