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1
Zhong, Jie, und Shang Hong Jia. „Analysis about the Traditional Dwellings Passive Technology Energy Efficiency in Huizhou“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (Dezember 2012): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.635.
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The traditional dwellings Huizhou,which adapts to the local wet hot climate,crests relatively indoor thermal environment, with its own design reducing energy consumption. That is significant modern building energy conservation. This article analyzes the passive cooling technology of traditional dwellings Huizhou from several aspects, dwelling settlement planning, building space design and building construction etc,which greatly inspires for modern building energy conservation.
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Wang, Hai-fan, und Shang-chia Chiou. „Research on the Sustainable Development of Traditional Dwellings“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 19 (27.09.2019): 5333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195333.
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Balustrade architecture is mainly distributed in south and southwest China and southeast Asia. Dai dwellings in Yunnan, China, are a typical balustrade dwelling. Traditional dwellings of Dai contain the concepts of architecture, physics, ecology, and sustainability in space planning, building materials, and construction methods. At a time when the global climate environment is deteriorating and energy saving, emission reduction, and low-carbon life are advocated, Dai dwellings should be studied from the perspective of sustainable development, from which we can draw lessons and inspiration. This paper investigated plane layout, space structure, and materials of Dai dwellings, and found that traditional Dai dwellings are wooden frame structures with wood and bamboo; the roof has two layers and long overhang eaves, which is good for diverting rain water, shading and shelter, and integrating the building with the natural landscape as well. Analyzing the spatial characteristics and problems of Dai dwellings at present, discussing the sustainable development ideas of Dai dwellings, constructing Dai dwellings with low energy consumption and high quality of life, combining traditional culture with ecological technology, and designing a sustainable new green living model are beneficial to the inheritance of Dai residence culture.
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Matos, Cristina, António Cunha, Francisco Pereira, Arminda Gonçalves, Elisabete Silva, Sandra Pereira, Isabel Bentes, Diana Faria und Ana Briga-Sá. „Characterization of Water and Energy Consumptions at the End Use Level in Rural and Urban Environments: Preliminary Results of the ENERWAT Project“. Urban Science 3, Nr. 1 (09.01.2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010008.
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The characterization of water and energy consumptions is essential in order to define strategies for their rational use. The way these resources are used in households is the path for efficient and rational management, interdependent from each other. It is believed that there are significant differences between the patterns of water and energy consumption in rural and urban areas, where influencing factors should also be identified. This article aims to provide some preliminary results of a research project named ENERWAT, with the main goal to characterize the relation between water and energy consumption at the end use level for urban and rural environments. One of the goals of the aforementioned project was the design, application, and results analysis of a survey, in order to find the main differences in the water and energy consumptions at the end use level and the factors that influence it in urban and rural households. A total of 245 households participated in the research during 2016 (110 urban dwellings and 135 rural), responding to questions on their family composition, dwellings characterization, water and energy consumption habits, and conservation behaviors of these resources. The project also includes the instrumentation and monitoring of dwellings in rural and urban environments to quantify the water consumption and related energy consumption. This stage is still in progress and includes in situ measurements of nine different households (four in rural and five in urban environments) during at least one year. In this article, some of the results obtained by the survey application and the in situ measurements are presented. Despite the large number of data and the associated complexity, it can be concluded that the joint analysis of the results allows identification of a connection between water and energy consumption, as well as a household’s consumption patterns.
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Li, Ting Ting, und Li Hua Zhao. „Investigation of Existing Situation and Study on Energy-Saving Potential of Rural Residential Buildings in Pearl River Delta“. Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (Oktober 2011): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.199.
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The rapid development of rural economy has led the massive construction of rural dwellings, while the energy consumption is increasing correspondingly. A field study was carried out in local nine villages of Pearl River Delta, aims to look into actual conditions of rural residential buildings and explore the energy-saving potential, a detailed questionnaire survey was conducted as well to investigate the construction of rural dwellings and the influencing factors in design. The results of this investigation, which focused on dwellings built by residents, revealed that the built form of dwellings is generally Low-rise house, the average storey height ranges from 3.6 to 4 meters. The primary building envelope is 200 cm clay brick wall construction, and not insulated flat roofing, moreover, the high energy consumption of increasing multistorey dwellings has drawn attention.
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Yang, Shen, Joëlle Goyette Pernot, Corinne Hager Jörin, Hélène Niculita-Hirzel, Vincent Perret und Dusan Licina. „Radon Investigation in 650 Energy Efficient Dwellings in Western Switzerland: Impact of Energy Renovation and Building Characteristics“. Atmosphere 10, Nr. 12 (04.12.2019): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120777.
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As part of more stringent energy targets in Switzerland, we witness the appearance of new green-certified dwellings while many existing dwellings have undergone energy efficiency measures. These measures have led to reduced energy consumption, but rarely consider their impact on indoor air quality. Consequently, such energy renovation actions can lead to an accumulation of radon in dwellings located in radon-prone areas at doses that can affect human health. This study compared the radon levels over 650 energy-efficient dwellings in western Switzerland between green-certified (Minergie) and energy-renovated dwellings, and analyzed the building characteristics responsible of this accumulation. We found that the newly green-certified dwellings had significantly lower radon level than energy-renovated, which were green- and non-green-certified houses (geometric mean 52, 87, and 105 Bq/m3, respectively). The new dwellings with integrated mechanical ventilation exhibited lower radon concentrations. Thermal retrofitting of windows, roofs, exterior walls, and floors were associated with a higher radon level. Compared to radon measurements prior to energy renovation, we found a 20% increase in radon levels. The results highlight the need to consider indoor air quality when addressing energy savings to avoid compromising occupants’ health, and are useful for enhancing the ventilation design and energy renovation procedures in dwellings.
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Saydi, Maryam, Ian Bishop und Abbas Rajabifard. „Virtual Identification of Dwelling Characteristics Online for Analysis of Urban Resource Consumption“. International Journal of E-Planning Research 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2015070101.
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The impact of dwelling structure on residential energy and water consumption is important in urban resource management. This paper introduces Virtual Identification of Dwelling Characteristics Online (VIDCO) as a novel technique to assess dwelling characteristics. Using both aerial and street level views from Google mapping products, exterior dwelling characteristics were captured for 50 random dwellings in each of 40 Postal Areas. VIDCO saved the time and cost of travelling to the widely spread suburbs and provided data that could not be attained in-field. Three approaches to validity checking were used. First, comparison of dwelling type with data from Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) showed that outer suburb areas had higher agreement than inner city areas. Second, the homogeneity of the data was assessed to indicate whether the sampling rate was appropriate. The results were mixed. Third, the degree to which key variables -such as presence of swimming pools- affected residential energy and water demand, as determined by linear regression, was consistent with other studies.
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Fu, Yue, und Wei Ju Yang. „Evaluating the Performance of Eaves to Promote Energy Efficiency of Traditional Dwellings in Suzhou“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.234.
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A shading roof can be an effective strategy to decrease the air-conditioning energy consumption as well as to improve the thermal environment inside a house in the place that is hot in summer and cold in winter. In Suzhou, a city in such place, traditional dwellings were constructed with shading roof eaves that have different sizes, allowing them adaptive to local climate. These eaves are worthy of being studied and improved. This study presents a summary of the sizes of the shading roof eaves of traditional Suzhou dwellings. The southward eave that has the greatest effect on indoor thermal environment is taken as the object of the current study, and a traditional Suzhou dwelling is selected as our case for the current study. Several comparative models are built, in which, the southward length of the roof eave is increased by 0.2m, from 0m to 2m. The effects of the length on both heating and cooling energy consumption are simulated by using the software Energyplus. As shown in the quantitative analysis of the simulation results, the structure is energy-efficient when the length is less than 0.6m, and the annual energy consumption reaches its minimum when the length is 0.4m.
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Almasri, Radwan A., A. F. Almarshoud, Hanafy M. Omar, Khaled Khodary Esmaeil und Mohammed Alshitawi. „Exergy and Economic Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Residential Sector of the Qassim Region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (25.03.2020): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072606.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is considered one of the countries with the highest consumption of electric energy per capita. Moreover, during the period of 2007–2017, the consumption rate increased from 6.9 MWh to 9.6 MWh. On the other hand, the share of residential electricity consumption in the KSA constitutes the biggest portion of the total electric consumption, which was about 48% in 2017. The objectives of this work were to analyze the exergy and assess the economic and environmental impacts of energy consumption in the residential sector of the Qassim region to determine potential areas for energy rationalization. The consumption patterns of 100 surveyed dwellings were analyzed to establish energy consumption indicators and conduct exergy analysis. The performances of different consuming domestic items were also examined, and energy efficiency measures are proposed. The average yearly consumption per dwelling was determined, and the total energy and exergy efficiencies are 145% and 11.38%, respectively. The average shares of lighting, domestic appliances, water heaters, and air conditioning from the total yearly energy consumption were determined.
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Shao, Teng, Wuxing Zheng und Hong Jin. „Analysis of the Indoor Thermal Environment and Passive Energy-Saving Optimization Design of Rural Dwellings in Zhalantun, Inner Mongolia, China“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 3 (04.02.2020): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031103.
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Zhalantun city is located in a severely cold region of China. The cold climate and long winter bring challenges to the energy-saving design of rural dwellings in this area, while the poor economic conditions restrict the application of energy-saving technology. This paper aims to propose an optimal combination of passive design parameters by investigating, testing, and analyzing simulations of Zhalantun rural dwellings, which have a particular architectural pattern. Field measurements during winter show that the indoor temperature of a traditional house is low and fluctuates greatly, and the inner surface is prone to easy condensation. Through thermal comfort surveys, neutral and acceptable temperature ranges were obtained to provide indoor calculation parameters for an energy-saving design. Numerical simulations of heating energy consumption were conducted on the typical building models using DesignBuilder. The influence of different design factors on energy consumption was evaluated. Orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize a series of design parameter combinations to reduce the energy consumption of Zhalantun rural houses and to determine the sequence and significance of the effect of these design factors on energy consumption. Results show that the optimal parameter combination based on orthogonal experiments can obviously reduce energy consumption and have better economic benefits without considering mechanical methods. This can provide a basis for improved energy-saving designs and indoor thermal environments in such rural dwellings.
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Sánchez de la Flor, Francisco José, Enrique Ángel Rodríguez Jara, Álvaro Ruiz Pardo, José Manuel Salmerón Lissén und Maria Kolokotroni. „Energy-Efficient Envelope Design for Apartment Blocks—Case Study of A Residential Building in Spain“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010433.
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Buildings are known to be responsible for about a third of energy consumption in developed countries. This situation, together with the fact that the existing building stock is being renovated at a very slow pace, makes it crucial to focus on the energy retrofitting of buildings as the only way to reduce their contribution to these energy consumptions and the consequences derived from them in terms of pollution and climate change. The same level of insulation and the same type of windows is usually proposed for all dwellings in a building block. This article shows that since the improvements required by each dwelling in the same block are different, the proposed solution must also be different. The methodology is proposed for a practical case consisting of an apartment block in Cádiz, a demonstration building of the European RECO2ST project. To achieve the optimum solution for each case, a multi-objective optimization problem is solved: to minimize the annual heating demand of the building and the standard deviation of the annual demand of the different dwellings. Thanks to the use of the proposed methodology, it is possible to bring the building to a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) level, while avoiding excessive insulation that causes overheating in summer.
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KASHIF, AYESHA, JULIE DUGDALE und STEPHANE PLOIX. „SIMULATING OCCUPANTS' BEHAVIOR FOR ENERGY WASTE REDUCTION IN DWELLINGS: A MULTIAGENT METHODOLOGY“. Advances in Complex Systems 16, Nr. 04n05 (August 2013): 1350022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525913500227.
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Energy waste due to inhabitants' behavior in residential buildings has emerged as a potential research area due to the increasing worldwide population and growing energy needs. However, existing approaches for simulating energy consumption are mainly limited to office buildings and are based on static profiles. In this paper we propose a 4-step co-simulation methodology to assess how inhabitants' interactions with household appliances affect energy consumption. The approach is validated using a case study showing how human activities influence the energy consumption patterns of a refrigerator. The fridge was specifically chosen because it is a high energy-consuming appliance that is strongly affected by inhabitants' behaviors. In addition, modeling the fridge is nontrivial, and in choosing this appliance we show that it is possible to apply the approach to less complex appliances. A co-simulation approach is adopted with the fridge being physically modeled in Matlab and with human behavior being modeled in the Brahms language and simulation environment. The consumption distribution from the simulated scenario is compared with the actual distribution (using data from a consumption database), to find optimum values of tuning parameters with less than 10% variation. This methodology enables us to simulate how human behaviors affect energy appliance consumption.
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Yarramsetty, Subbarao, MVN Siva Kumar und P. Anand Raj. „Implementation of BIM Modelling and Simulation Tools in Reducing Annual Energy Consumption of Multifamily Dwellings“. E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001002.
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In current research, building modelling and energy simulation tools were used to analyse and estimate the energy use of dwellings in order to reduce the annual energy use in multifamily dwellings. A three-story residential building located in Kabul city was modelled in Revit and all required parameters for running energy simulation were set. A Total of 126 experiments were conducted to estimate annual energy loads of the building. Different combinations from various components such as walls, roofs, floors, doors, and windows were created and simulated. Ultimately, the most energy efficient option in the context of Afghan dwellings was figured out. The building components consist of different locally available construction materials currently used in buildings in Afghanistan. Furthermore, the best energy efficient option was simulated by varying, building orientation in 15-degree increments and glazing area from 10% to 60% to find the most energy efficient combination. It was found that combination No. 48 was best option from energy conservation point of view and 120-degree rotational angle from north to east, of the existing building was the most energy-efficient option. Also, it was observed that 60% glazing area model consumed 24549 kWh more electricity compared to the one with 10% glazing area.
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Sangoi, Juliana May, und Enedir Ghisi. „Energy Efficiency of Water Heating Systems in Single-Family Dwellings in Brazil“. Water 11, Nr. 5 (22.05.2019): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051068.
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The objective of this paper was to compare primary energy consumption and energy efficiency during the operation phase of different types and combinations of water heating systems in single-family dwellings. Systems with an electric shower, liquefied petroleum gas heater, and solar heater with electric backup were analysed. The analysis was performed by means of computer simulation using EnergyPlus. Three Brazilian cities with different climates were assessed, i.e., Curitiba, Brasília and Belém. The systems were compared in terms of final energy and primary energy consumption. Results showed that systems with an electric shower, which have a lower water flow rate, led to lower primary energy consumption. The solar heating system combined with an electric shower was the option with the lowest energy consumption, and the solar heating system with a heating element in the storage tank was the option that consumed more energy. The systems were sized according to the requirements of the Brazilian energy efficiency labelling for residential buildings, and the efficiency level was compared to the results of primary energy consumption. The electric shower was found to be the third lowest energy consumer, but it was ranked the least energy efficient by Brazilian labelling, while systems with high energy consumption, such as gas heaters and solar heaters with a heating element in the storage tank, were ranked the most energy efficient. Therefore, a review of the requirements and methodology of the Brazilian energy efficiency labelling for residential buildings is recommended in order to encourage the use of truly efficient systems. Public policies that encourage solar heating systems should establish requirements regarding the configuration and sizing both the solar heating system and the backup system.
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Perez-Bezos, Silvia, Olatz Grijalba und Olatz Irulegi. „Proposal for Prioritizing the Retrofitting of Residential Buildings in Energy Poverty Circumstances“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, Nr. 3 (01.11.2020): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0086.
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AbstractThe energy poverty derived from socio-economic imbalances affects mostly households with fewer economic resources, being social housing complexes one of the most vulnerable sectors. The insufficient access to energy and the incapability to maintain dwellings at an adequate temperature can have negative impact on people’s health due to the prolonged exposure to poor hygrothermal conditions. Therefore, the prioritization of building retrofitting actions must be carried out regarding the actual state of the housing and the family economy. This paper proposes the definition of a prioritization map that gave a general knowledge of the energy vulnerability situation of the existing building stock. To this end, the dwelling’s energy performance is analysed, focusing on the correlation among its characteristics and the energy vulnerability of its inhabitants. In this way, dwellings with high energy poverty potential are identified in order to develop different energy retrofitting strategies. By applying this method to 14 case studies of social housing in Bilbao, Spain, it was obtained a prioritization map with six levels of vulnerability that can serve as a tool for public entities to design their future strategies. It has been proven that building compactness and year of construction are important factors with a great impact on the heating demand and final consumption in dwellings. Acknowledging the vulnerability context of the building stock eases the decision-making process and the definition of intervention guidelines, prioritizing those in a situation of greater vulnerability.
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Van Loy, Nick, Griet Verbeeck und Elke Knapen. „Personal Heating in Dwellings as an Innovative, Energy-Sufficient Heating Practice: A Case Study Research“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 13 (29.06.2021): 7257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137257.
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Despite the efforts to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, the actual energy consumption decreased much less than expected in recent years. Therefore, energy sufficiency is gaining attention as a complementary approach to energy efficiency. It aims to reduce the actual energy consumption of buildings by providing thermal comfort to residents in a sufficient way. This demands for alternative heating practices, such as the application of personal heating systems. Although a review of past studies shows that, in office buildings, thermal comfort can be provided with less energy by using personal heating systems, the application in a residential context is much less explored. Our hypothesis is that an innovative, energy-sufficient personal heating practice also has potential to reduce the overall energy consumption in dwellings. Therefore, this paper presents the results of a one-week case study on personal heating as an energy-sufficient heating practice in three dwellings. During the case study, the ambient temperature was reduced to 18 °C, and residents were allowed to use active and passive personal heating systems to make themselves as comfortable as possible. They were also asked to evaluate their thermal sensation and thermal comfort. The results show that, despite a lower indoor temperature, residents are able to achieve thermal comfort by using personal heating at the locations where they effectively reside. Additionally, a significant energy saving potential was found. The case study proved our hypothesis, leading to the conclusion that an innovative, sufficient personal heating practice in dwellings can be a supplementary step to reduce the energy consumption to meet the global challenges.
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Sulaiman, Halimi, Eugenia Sipowicz, Celina Filippín und Lautaro Oga. „Energy Performance of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate Area of Argentina. An Architectural Proposal“. Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 14, Nr. 1 (18.02.2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836802014010001.
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Aim: The research aimed at carrying out a global comparative synthesis of the results of monitoring thermal energy behavior of single-family dwellings and apartments located in the city of Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; and describing an architectural proposal that considers use of resources (land, morphology, materials and energy), lifestyle of inhabitants (qualitative variables) and critical analysis of the historical problems of the housing deficit in Argentina. Methods: The work includes a typological analysis of clusters of dimensional, morphological and thermo-physical indicators, energy performance and inhabitant’s behavior. Regarding energy heating consumption, multifamily buildings consume 52% less energy than the average single-family dwellings. Results: An architectural proposal taken into account the use of resources and energy efficiency strategies to give an answer to the housing deficit of the area under study showed that the densification of housing provides significant energy and economic benefits, especially if one incorporates passive solar design principles. Apartment blocks (B) and single-family dwellings (H) show 114.3 and 47.6 dwelling/hectare, and as a result, 39.4 and 16.4 inhabitant/hectare. Conclusion: Heating energy saving of B in relation to H is around 32% and the envelope’s cost is reduced to 47%. Argentina’s energy scenario, the possibility of reviewing regulations and building codes, the region’s growth trend in housing construction, the process of building labelling, among others, require a thorough analysis of the information on characteristics of building stock and its energy performance.
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Mitchell, Rachel, und Sukumar Natarajan. „Overheating risk in Passivhaus dwellings“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, Nr. 4 (08.04.2019): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419842006.
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Highly insulated and airtight homes designed to reduce energy consumption are perceived as having a greater summer overheating risk than less insulated homes. If true, dwellings built to the well-known low-energy Passivhaus (PH) standard could be at greatest risk due to the use of superinsulation, especially as the climate warms. Existing studies are inconclusive and even contradictory, mainly due to small sample sizes. Hence, this paper presents the first large-scale overheating risk analysis of UK Passivhaus dwellings using high-resolution internal temperature data from 82 homes across the UK. Both the Passivhaus and the recently published Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers TM59 criteria are analysed. Results show that the whole-dwelling Passivhaus standard, which uses a fixed temperature threshold, is met more frequently (83%) than when applied on a room-by-room basis (e.g. only 60% of bedrooms in houses meet the standard). TM59-1A, which uses an adaptive temperature threshold, is easier to meet with 100% of flats and 82% of houses in compliance. However, 55% of bedrooms assessed under TM59-1B fail, with little difference between flats and houses. This is a remarkable finding given that the summers under consideration were either typically mild or cooler than average, and that sleep impairment can significantly affect both physical and mental health. These results suggest that highly insulated dwellings such as Passivhaus should consider overheating in individual rooms, rather than at whole-dwelling level. Analysis should be undertaken throughout the year with particular attention to bedrooms, using either the good-practice PH-5% exceedance threshold which maps well to TM59-1B, or TM59-1B itself. Practical application: Overheating risk in new dwellings is an industry concern. Having the correct tools to predict this risk at design stage is important to help design comfortable and healthy dwellings for both today's climate and future, hotter climates. Comparing two different tools and their methodologies using in-use data is critical to gain confidence in their application at the design stage and to further understand overheating risk, including which dwelling types and rooms are more vulnerable to overheating.
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Liang, Rui, Lin Lei, Yi Yun Zhu und Qun Zhang. „Architectural Construction for Energy Efficiency of Rural Dwellings in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 942–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.942.
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Aiming to improve the rural vernacular indoor thermal conditions in winter and achieve the energy-saving objective 65%, the traditional local-style dwelling houses are investigated and the energy consumption of exterior-protected constructions is analyzed in Ningxia. The vulnerable spot of building energy consumption is found, while we discuss the shortage of traditional local-style dwelling houses in construction and design. Based on the social economic conditions of Ningxia, we put forward the improvement design of rural dwelling construction. Meanwhile, we analyze and calculate the thermal engineering performance of new construction design, which demonstrated that the scheme is reasonable and effective.
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Crawley, Jenny, Jez Wingfield und Cliff Elwell. „The relationship between airtightness and ventilation in new UK dwellings“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, Nr. 3 (22.12.2018): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418822199.
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The UK’s Air Tightness Testing and Measurement Association competent persons scheme collects pressure test data and metadata from the majority of new build dwellings in the UK. This article uses the dataset to investigate the importance of the ventilation strategy in airtightness design and construction. Design and measured airtightness were tested for association with declared ventilation strategy. It was found that ventilation strategy makes a statistically significant difference to airtightness; however, this difference is too small to be practically relevant. Properties with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR) were shown to have a mean designed air permeability only 0.46 m3/m2h lower than naturally ventilated dwellings. Seventy-three per cent of homes with MVHR have design airtightness greater than or equal to 5 m3/m2h and 17% of naturally ventilated dwellings have design airtightness less than 5 m3/m2h. We discuss how current design is not maximising the CO2, cost and air quality benefit of each ventilation strategy. A new approach to regulatory compliance is proposed, which explicitly links the designed airtightness and chosen ventilation system. It is suggested that compliance could then be achieved using a set of airtightness ranges linked to appropriate ventilation strategies. This could be expected to result in reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions for new build homes compared to the current approach and would also potentially lead to better outcomes for occupants in terms of indoor air quality. Practical application: Analysis of a large database of the airtightness of new UK dwellings found that ventilation strategy makes very little difference to airtightness design. For dwellings with MVHR, the results suggest that infiltration levels are too high to maximise the energy savings; for naturally ventilated homes, there may be air quality issues. Coupling airtightness design and ventilation strategy can reduce a dwelling’s energy demand and can support achieving the required energy performance rating.
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Blom, Inge, Laure Itard und Arjen Meijer. „Environmental impact of building-related and user-related energy consumption in dwellings“. Building and Environment 46, Nr. 8 (August 2011): 1657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.02.002.
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Pettersen, Trine Dyrstad. „Variation of energy consumption in dwellings due to climate, building and inhabitants“. Energy and Buildings 21, Nr. 3 (Januar 1994): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(94)90036-1.
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Osma Pinto, Germán Alfonso, David Andrés Sarmiento Nova, Nelly Catherine Barbosa Calderón und Gabriel Ordóñez Plata. „Energy considerations of social dwellings in Colombia accotding to NZEB concept“. DYNA 82, Nr. 192 (25.08.2015): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n192.48587.
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<p class="Default">In this paper, the characteristics and definitions of NZEBs are studied. In particular, the methods for calculating balance for each concept and methodology are analyzed in this work, taking into account the interaction of the NZEB with the energy grid, the emissions produced per energy consumption and the introduction of the primary energy concept as an indicator of balance. High-energy-efficient appliances are of main interest in this paper due to the importance and level of use in tropical regions. It is described how these appliances can reduce the energy consumption and its impact in the electrical performance being a benefit significant in Colombia, if it could be applied massively in projects related to <em>Viviendas de Interés Social </em>–VIS (social dwellings) in the long run.</p>
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Zhang, Zhu Hui, Tao Feng und Wen Yan Pan. „Appropriate Ecological Strategies for Rammed Earth Wall Traditional Dwellings“. Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (Oktober 2011): 3648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3648.
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The article is based on the investigation of traditional dwellings in Guanzhong region. Combining with the ecological architectural experiences in traditional houses, the article is starting from design feature of traditional dwellings, energy consumption, thermal sensation of dweller three aspects, it has analyzed planning layout, structure and conformation, building materials, the pattern of energy consumption, thermal comfort in traditional buildings, and realized the principal problem in existence, Through the comparison, we found the disadvantages of heat design in rural houses. Thrashing out main question which including in the traditional architectural design in Guanzhong region, Seeking out the pattern of green ecological buildings, which can fulfill the ecological energy saving buildings, facilitating function, amens- amenities, Structural Safety, and come to traditional culture in Guanzhong area, and the houses also have the low cost .
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de Keijzer, Brian, Pol de Visser, Víctor García Romillo, Víctor Gómez Muñoz, Daan Boesten, Megan Meezen und Tadeo Baldiri Salcedo Rahola. „Forecasting residential gas consumption with machine learning algorithms on weather data“. E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105019.
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Machine learning models have proven to be reliable methods in the forecasting of energy use in commercial and office buildings. However, little research has been done on energy forecasting in dwellings, mainly due to the difficulty of obtaining household level data while keeping the privacy of inhabitants in mind. Gaining insight into the energy consumption in the near future can be helpful in balancing the grid and insights in how to reduce the energy consumption can be received. In collaboration with OPSCHALER, a measurement campaign on the influence of housing characteristics on energy costs and comfort, several machine learning models were compared on forecasting performance and the computational time needed. Nine months of data containing the mean gas consumption of 52 dwellings on a one hour resolution was used for this research. The first 6 months were used for training, whereas the last 3 months were used to evaluate the models. The results showed that the Deep Neural Network (DNN) performed best with a 50.1 % Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) on a one hour resolution. When comparing daily and weekly resolutions, the Multivariate Linear Regression (MVLR) outperformed other models, with a 20.1 % and 17.0 % MAPE, respectively. The models were programmed in Python.
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Cano-Ortega, A., und F. Sánchez-Sutil. „Performance Optimization LoRa Network by Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to Determination of the Load Profiles in Dwellings“. Energies 13, Nr. 3 (21.01.2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030517.
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This paper presents a system to improve the performance of the Long Range (LoRa) network using an algorithm derived from the artificial bee colony (ABC), which obtains a minimum packet lost rate (PLR) in the LoRa network and allows to more accurately determine load profiles of dwellings, with smaller a time measurement and less data transmission. The developed algorithm calculates the configuration parameters of the LoRa network, monitoring in real time the data traffic, and is implemented in gateway LoRa network monitor (GLNM). Intelligent measurement equipment has been developed to determine the dwelling load profiles. This energy measurement device for dwelling (EMDD) measures the variables and consumption of electricity in each home with measurement times that can be configured. This research also develops the GLNM gateway, which monitors and receives data from the EMDDs installed and uploads them to the cloud using Firebase. This developed system allows to perform demand forecasting studies, analysis of home consumption, optimization of electricity tariffs, etc., applied to smart grids.
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Upadhyay, Anir Kumar, Lan Ding, Kevin W. K. Yee und Deo Prasad. „Post-occupancy Energy Consumption of BASIX Affected Dwellings in the Sydney Metropolitan Area“. Procedia Engineering 180 (2017): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.192.
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Brás, Ana, Fábio Gonçalves und Pedro Faustino. „Economic evaluation of the energy consumption and thermal passive performance of Portuguese dwellings“. Energy and Buildings 76 (Juni 2014): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.01.029.
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Johnston, David, und Anne Stafford. „Estimating the background ventilation rates in new-build UK dwellings – Is n50/20 appropriate?“ Indoor and Built Environment 26, Nr. 4 (28.01.2016): 502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15626234.
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In the UK, a rule of thumb applied to air permeability is commonly employed when estimating background ventilation rates from pressurisation test data. However, this may lead to significant errors in estimating the infiltration rates in UK new-build dwellings, resulting in poor estimation of the dwellings in-use energy and CO2 emissions, and the adoption of ventilation strategies leading to either unacceptable indoor air quality or unnecessary energy consumption. In this paper, a preliminary investigation into the applicability of the rule of thumb is undertaken. Background ventilation rates in four new-build dwellings in the UK are determined using the tracer gas decay method and also the pressurisation (blower door) method coupled with both the conventional n50/20 and (in the UK) q50/20 rule of thumb, and Sherman’s modified rule of thumb, which takes into account other building-related factors. The conventional method overestimated the air-change rate in two of the dwellings and underestimated it in the other two dwellings. The modified rule of thumb produced comparable results for two of the dwellings, but significantly underestimated the air-change rate in the other two dwellings. These results suggest that more work needs to be done to devise appropriate climate and building-related correction factors for the UK.
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Zhang, Yan. „Research on Ecological Experience of Traditional Dwellings in Zhejiang Province“. Advanced Materials Research 689 (Mai 2013): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.95.
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At present, China is facing with the dilemma that energy consumption for rural dwellings is excessive. Therefore it is the responsibility of every architect to improve the situation. The traditional dwellings in Zhejiang province are the products of labor formed in the long-term construction practice in which the ancients were dealing with natural and social factors as it consists of a lot of simple ecological construction experience. On the basis of on-the-spot investigation and comprehensive literature research, the ecological construction characteristics and adaptive design are analyzed in detail in this paper on site selection, general layout, ingenious organization for virtual space of buildings, material selection and water resources utilization etc.. It is, thus, expected to provide valuable experience and basis for contemporary ecological and energy-saving rural dwellings.
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Cholewa und Siuta-Olcha. „On the Use of Residential Thermal Stations in Different Types of Buildings“. Proceedings 16, Nr. 1 (05.07.2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019016036.
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The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption and the efficiency of heating systems in two multi-family buildings and one collective residence equipped with residential thermal stations (RTSs) that are used for supplying individual dwellings with heat as well as hot and cold water. An additional aspect of the analysis is a presentation of the structure of total energy consumption for particular purposes in the analyzed buildings.
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Van Loy, Nick, Griet Verbeeck und Elke Knapen. „Potential of spatial use patterns for developing localized conditioning systems to reduce energy consumption“. E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104061.
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In this paper, the spatial use of three underused semi-detached dwellings in Belgium is discussed. The exact user patterns of residents within rooms have been monitored during one week. In the analysis, a distinction has been made between spaces where people move through and have a higher metabolic rate and places where residents stay or sit for a longer time. The analysis shows that residents use some of the rooms only partially and others only for circulation. Furthermore, residents stay only at particular places in the room for a longer period of time. These zones or places are linked to the common activities. Nowadays, most dwellings are heated by a single-zone heating system that heats multiple rooms completely at the same time. However, the spatial use of residents not only shows that particular places in a room are used, but also that they are used at different times. This research illustrates the potential of spatial use patterns for the development of heating systems that are better adapted to the effective spatial use, the activity patterns and corresponding required temperature in residential buildings. This could result in a lower overall ambient temperature and an improved energy efficiency of the building.
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Xiong, Tian Yu, Xiu Zhang Fu und Jian Dong. „Simulation Analysis of Building Energy Consumption with Different Surface-Volume-Ratio and Envelop Performance of Rural Dwellings“. Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (Juni 2014): 1578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1578.
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Rural dwellings have a big difference in the appearance and envelope. Living form is changing a lot from detached house to the apartment in multi-story apartments. These changes affect building’s energy consumption consisting of heating and cooling. This paper focuses on the impact of the energy consumption affected by different surface volume ratios, simulation analysis showed a general argument of the difference. And for the same house type, this paper also compares the energy-saving effect of different envelop performances, Specific contents are the heat transfer coefficient and shading ways. Simulation results identified that SVR has influence on different types of houses, the energy consumption of row houses can be saved more than 30% compared with detached houses. Envelope performance also affects energy consumption and the national standard is recommended for the energy saving and the comfort.
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Liu, Haiqiang, Zhihao Zhang, Xidong Ma, Weite Lu, Dongze Li und Shoichi Kojima. „Optimization Analysis of the Residential Window-to-Wall Ratio Based on Numerical Calculation of Energy Consumption in the Hot-Summer and Cold-winter Zone of China“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (29.05.2021): 6138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116138.
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Along with the rapid urbanization and economic growth of China over the past decades, the thermal comfort needs of the people in this region have risen dramatically, and at the same time, promoting building energy efficiency is cited as part of the major projects in the 14th five-year plan for energy efficiency improvement. In addition, the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has plunged people into long-term panic, and promoted the entire construction industry to think about a healthier and more sustainable living environment. To respond to the imbalance between energy supply and demand, an optimization analysis based on energy use is developed, assessing the energy efficiency of the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) design and calculating the energy consumption of three different types of residential buildings for both cooling and heating loads as well as for year-round loads. Owing to its harsh climate and huge energy consumption, in this study, the Hot-summer and Cold-winter (HSCW) zone of China was chosen as the experimental setting for the optimization analysis of WWR. Then, in the three main types of residential buildings, including detached houses, multi-story dwellings and high-rise dwellings, a correlation between WWRS and energy consumption in the cooling season, heating season and year-round was built. The comparisons between the WWRS and energy consumption for different types of residential buildings are presented. The design optimization recommendation for WWRS are proposed. It has significant positive meanings for the development of green and sustainably designed residential buildings that offer high levels of thermal comfort and energy efficiency.
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Omar Elshiwihy, Shorouk, und Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry. „Parametric Study on Determining Optimum Shading Techniques for Urban High-Rise Dwellings“. Urban Science 3, Nr. 3 (30.07.2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030085.
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Shading techniques constitute one of the most passive, beneficial strategies for reducing energy consumption in urban dwellings. Shading affects many factors, for example, the solar gains and radiations falling on the façade, which are considered the most significant in increasing the cooling energy demand in hot climates. This paper conducts a parametric study on external and internal shading devices and establishes their impact on energy consumption, daylight levels, and ventilation. The work was conducted using Integrated Environmental Simulation Virtual Environment (IES-VE) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical methods. The results revealed that optimised shading can influence savings in terms of energy and cooling, in addition to the enhancement of daylighting and reduction of glare. After studying all these factors associated with the different shading techniques investigated, the findings revealed that all shades affect the energy, daylight and ventilation parameters positively. However, despite all external and internal shadings showing improvements, the egg crate shade was determined as that which provided the optimum energy saving, while enhancing daylight and improving natural ventilation for a sustainable building design.
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Tjandraatmadja, G., C. Pollard, A. Sharma und T. Gardner. „How supply system design can reduce the energy footprint of rainwater supply in urban areas in Australia“. Water Supply 13, Nr. 3 (01.05.2013): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.057.
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In Australia rainwater tanks are used in cities to reduce demand of mains water and increase the resilience of cities to drought. Rainwater is collected in a tank and supplied to a dwelling through a small pump. Typically the energy footprint for rainwater supply (in kWh/kL) is higher than for centralised water supply, but it can also vary markedly from dwelling to dwelling (0.4–11 kWh/kL). This study aimed to understand how the design of the rainwater supply system from the collection tank to the household can reduce the energy consumption of pumping. We examined the operation of a range of system components for rainwater supply, such as pumps, switches and pressure vessels, in a controlled residential environment (a model house) to understand their impact on the energy required for rainwater supply in urban dwellings. Results show that urban rainwater applications have flow and volume requirements which cause pumps to operate at high energy for rainwater delivery. Matching pump sizes to end use requirements and adoption of ancillary devices (pressure vessels and header tanks) have the potential to lower the energy footprint for rainwater supply. However, the energy savings can be constrained by dwelling characteristics, appliances and system design.
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Montero Burgos, María Jesús, Hipólito Sanchiz Álvarez de Toledo, Roberto Alonso González Lezcano und Antonio Galán de Mera. „The Sedentary Process and the Evolution of Energy Consumption in Eight Native American Dwellings: Analyzing Sustainability in Traditional Architecture“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 5 (28.02.2020): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051810.
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According to the research developed by André Leroi-Gourhan in 1964, entitled “Gesture and speech”, the evolution of human beings during Prehistory was linked to the search for work efficiency. As time passed, man designed increasingly complex tools whose production implied a decreasing amount of energy. The aim of the present research was to determine if this evolution, which occurred in parallel to the sedentary process, also affected architecture, specifically if it can be detected on traditional dwellings, particularly in those built by the Native American Indians during the pre-Columbian period. Due to their great diversity, since both nomad and sedentary models can be found among them, and to the available information about their morphology and technical characteristics, these models offer a unique opportunity to study the consequences of this process for architecture. In order to achieve it, an alternative parameter that can be determined for any type of building was designed. It allows us to establish the amount of energy an envelope is equal to. The results obtained suggest that the efficiency of the dwellings decreased as this process went forward, but this pattern changed in its last step, when agriculture appeared and permanent settlements started to be built. Besides, statistical graphs were used in order to show graphically the relationship between it, the climate, the morphology of the dwellings and their technical characteristics.
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Abouaiana, Ahmed. „Retrofitting Rural Dwellings in Delta Region to Enhance Climate Change Mitigation in Egypt“. Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0009.
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Abstract The current rural dwelling pattern in the Delta in Egypt consumes much energy to achieve dwellers’ thermal comfort, increasing greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change threatening the region’s coastal parts. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of retrofitting the existing rural house utilizing pervasive construction technologies in diminishing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions as a climate change mitigation strategy. The current modern rural house and the construction typologies were characterized. This study selected a typical modern rural dwelling located in Al-Gharbia Governorate in the Delta region. The suggested retrofitting strategies were applied to the external building envelope. The impact on the annual energy consumption of cooling and heating loads was evaluated using an Energy Performance Assessment Tool (Design Builder). An optimal envelope configuration was suggested, then an economic assessment and an investigation to the local acceptance were provided. The results showed that using the commonly used construction techniques as a retrofitting strategy can plummet the energy consumption and CO2 emissions by one-third worthy of mentioning that the locals have shown a lack of interest in the investment in retrofitting their buildings as well as the economic model showed that the investment is not profitable. Further studies can be made by the author considering investigating different building typologies and engaging other stakeholders.
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Rashad, Magdi, Navid Khordehgah, Alina Żabnieńska-Góra, Lujean Ahmad und Hussam Jouhara. „The utilisation of useful ambient energy in residential dwellings to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption“. International Journal of Thermofluids 9 (Februar 2021): 100059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2020.100059.
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Ribeiro, Catarina F. T., Nuno M. M. Ramos und Inês Flores-Colen. „Spaces in-between impacts on indoor environment and energy efficiency in dwellings“. MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202071.
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Throughout history, it has always been recognised that the spaces in-between in dwellings have the advantage of working as environmental buffer spaces. The aim of this paper is to provide a literature review of the different spaces in-between in dwellings – balconies, shaded balconies and glazed balconies - and their impacts on comfort and on energy performance. The effects of the spaces in-between depend on their design, on the characteristics of the buildings and on the surroundings. They have important impacts on the four factors that contribute to the indoor environmental quality: thermal comfort, lighting comfort, acoustic comfort and indoor air quality. These factors are interrelated and the lack of balance between them can lead to poor indoor environmental conditions and to excessive energy consumption. Based on the review, a synthesis of the key environmental parameters that can be used as indicators for those factors is established. The impacts of spaces in-between on the factors and sub-factors of indoor environment are defined, considering different climatic regions. A holistic approach that conciliates all the above-mentioned factors should be a contribution to the design of spaces in-between in both new construction and rehabilitation projects, in order to achieve better indoor environment with minimum energy consumption.
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de Frutos, Fernando, Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches, Carmen Alonso, Fernando Martín-Consuegra, Borja Frutos, Ignacio Oteiza und Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín. „Indoor Environmental Quality and Consumption Patterns before and during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Twelve Social Dwellings in Madrid, Spain“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 14 (09.07.2021): 7700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147700.
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This article analyses the situation that prevailed in 12 dwellings located on the outskirts of Madrid during Spain’s state of emergency. How did 24/7 occupation affect the quality of indoor air and power consumption patterns? The mixed method used (surveys and instrumental monitoring) pragmatically detected the variation in consumption, comfort and indoor air quality patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristics initially in place and household predisposition had a conclusive effect on such variations. The starting conditions, including household composition, habits and the way daily activities were performed, differed widely, logically affecting power consumption: 8/12 case studies increase occupancy density by more than 25 percent; 11/12 improve thermal comfort; 10/12 improve air quality but not necessarily translate in a sufficient ventilation practices; air quality was lower in the bedrooms on the whole; only 4/12 case studies use the potential of passive measures; only one household adopted energy savings strategies; 10/12 case studies increase electric power consumption but none of the dwellings was fitted with a renewable power generation system. The conclusion drawn is that, despite starting conditions differing widely, household composition, habits (including performance of daily activities performance) and power consumption also played an active role in the end result. This approach allowed to integrate qualitative and quantitative findings on indoor environmental quality (IEQ), energy use and households’ behavior. The objective data on the energy situation of the case studies not only is useful for the study, but also for potential enrollment in energy rehabilitation programs, such as the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
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Knudsen, Henrik N. „House owners’ experience and satisfaction with Danish low-energy houses - focus on ventilation“. E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104006.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate house owners’ experience and satisfaction with the first Danish detached low-energy single-family houses, built according to energy class 2015 before these supplementary requirements became standard for all new dwellings. A questionnaire survey was carried out among owners of newly built energy class 2015 houses. The paper presents the house owners answers to questions on their overall satisfaction, their heat consumption, and their satisfaction with the indoor environment (temperature, draught, air quality, noise and daylight). There is a focus on issues related to having a mechanical ventilation system, i.e. satisfaction with the air quality, does the air feel dry in winter, and does the ventilation system make noise and how the airing behaviour is in winter. As many as 370 out of 869 house owners, corresponding to a response rate of 43%, answered the questionnaire. There was an overall satisfaction with the new low-energy houses. More than 90% of the house owners perceived the indoor environment as satisfactory. The energy consumption was as low as expected by 59%, while only 7% answered that it was higher than expected. Compared with previous similar studies, problems with technical installations have decreased. However, there is a need for continued focus on the commissioning of new and not necessarily thoroughly tested, high-performance installations and new designs. Based on the survey a series of recommendations are given that might help to achieve both a low energy consumption and satisfied occupants of new low-energy dwellings.
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Buijze, Josien AJC, und Andrew J. Wright. „The potential for the Passive House standard in Longyearbyen – the High Arctic“. Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, Nr. 3 (05.03.2021): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624421996989.
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Passive building design reduces a building’s energy consumption through mainly non-mechanical design strategies. The Passive House (or Passivhaus) Standard certifies such buildings that comply with its strict energy performance criteria. Achieving the Standard is very challenging for dwellings in extreme climates. There is limited knowledge of the Standard’s potential in Arctic regions, particularly the High Arctic. Through a review of the literature and energy modelling of a hypothetical dwelling, the challenges in achieving the Standard in Longyearbyen (78°N), Norway are investigated. Very low temperatures and 112 days without daylight create a high heating demand. Whereas previous studies measured actual building performances or used simple calculations, the findings in this investigation show the limitations of individual design parameters and technical limits of the building envelope. In theory the Standard can be achieved in Longyearbyen; however, the potential in practice is low due to the very tight margins in the heating criteria. The results show the significant impact of applying contextual (climatic) adjustments to the boundary conditions of the Standard. The investigation could contribute to a discussion on modifying the Passive House Standard for dwellings in the High Arctic and improving building design for the region. Practical application: Current knowledge regarding energy efficient building performance in Arctic climates is limited, while the urgency for improved efficiencies is extremely high. The modelling in this work shows the valuable impact of contextual adjustments to the Passive House boundary conditions; the impact of individual design parameters; and the potential for significant energy savings through adopting passive house principles for dwelling design in Longyearbyen or similar climates. This investigation could encourage new policy making, additional research and the development of an optimized Passive House Standard that considers High Arctic climate conditions, thus encouraging new energy efficient building construction in cold climates.
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Sánchez-García, Daniel, Carlos Rubio-Bellido, Jesús Pulido-Arcas, Fco Guevara-García und Jacinto Canivell. „Adaptive Comfort Models Applied to Existing Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate Considering Global Warming“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 10 (30.09.2018): 3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103507.
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Comfort analysis of existing naturally ventilated buildings located in mild climates, such as the ones in the Mediterranean zones, offer room for a reduction in the present and future energy consumption. Regarding Spain, most of the present building stock was built before energy standards were mandatory, let alone considerations about global warming or adaptive comfort. In this context, this research aims at assessing adaptive thermal comfort of inhabitants of extant apartments building in the South of Spain per EN 15251:2007 and ASHRAE 55-2013. The case study is statistically representative housing built in 1973. On-site monitoring of comfort conditions and computer simulations for present conditions have been carried out, clarifying the degree of adaptive comfort at present time. After that, additional simulations for 2020, 2050, and 2080 are performed to check whether this dwelling will be able to provide comfort considering a change in climate conditions. As a result, the study concludes that levels of adaptive comfort can be considered satisfactory at present time in these dwellings, but not in the future, when discomfort associated with hot conditions will be recurrent. These results provide a hint to foresee how extant dwellings, and also dwellers, should adapt to a change in environmental conditions.
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Leister, Alexandra M. A., und Bassam Abu-Hijleh. „Energy Performance of Public Housing Buildings in Sao Paulo, Brazil: An Evaluation of the Current Design Practices“. PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 1, Nr. 6 (31.07.2011): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v1i6.8634486.
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This research examines how public housing design has been developed to attend the low income population in Sao Paulo, Brazil and how changes in the existing design affect the quality of the dwellings and energy consumption. The hypothesis of this research is that energy efficient architecture concepts applied to the current design practices of public housing in Sao Paulo significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings. In this study, computer simulation is used to evaluate current energy performance of public housing buildings and to simulate the integration of new energy saving features into the current design to assess buildings’ performance. The findings show that energy consumption can be reduced by as much as 54 percent in doing so. This study highlights the numerous opportunities for architects to influence the quality of the design being produced for the less fortunate population in public housing sector in Sao Paulo. This also positively impacts comfort conditions within buildings and most importantly, reduce energy consumption.
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Majcen, Daša, Laure Itard und Henk Visscher. „Actual and theoretical gas consumption in Dutch dwellings: What causes the differences?“ Energy Policy 61 (Oktober 2013): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.018.
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Hong, Sung H., Tadj Oreszczyn und Ian Ridley. „The impact of energy efficient refurbishment on the space heating fuel consumption in English dwellings“. Energy and Buildings 38, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2006): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.01.007.
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Majcen, D., L. C. M. Itard und H. Visscher. „Theoretical vs. actual energy consumption of labelled dwellings in the Netherlands: Discrepancies and policy implications“. Energy Policy 54 (März 2013): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.11.008.
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Chi, Fang'ai, Jianxun Zhang, Gaomei Li, Zongzhou Zhu und Dewancker Bart. „An investigation of the impact of Building Azimuth on energy consumption in sizhai traditional dwellings“. Energy 180 (August 2019): 594–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.114.
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Djebbar, Khadidja El-Bahdja, Souria Salem und Abderrahmane Mokhtari. „Assessment of energy performance using bottom-up method“. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 38, Nr. 1 (04.09.2019): 192–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-11-2017-0056.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze energy performance of the multi-storey buildings built in the city of Tlemcen between 1872 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach A diagnosis based on a bottom-up methodology, using statistical techniques and engineering, has been developed and applied. To do this, demand condition analysis was conducted using a data collection survey on a sample of 100 case studies. Physical characteristics of the buildings have been determined through the archetype by period. This serves to define the strengths and weaknesses of buildings as energy consumers. Findings The obtained results showed that dwellings built between 1872 and 1920 offer better energy performance with a consumption index close to 130kWh/m2/year and this compared to the five periods considered. For dwellings built between 1974 and 1989, energy consumption is higher with an index approaching 300kWh/m2/year, thus qualifying the buildings of this period as energy intensive. Originality/value A database is established to collect physical information on the existing housing stock and thus allow their classification vis-à-vis of the energy label. This study is part of a research project aimed at evaluating and determining optimal measures for energy rehabilitation of multi-family buildings in Tlemcen. Thermal rehabilitation solutions are proposed using thermal simulations, in the following studies, to improve thermal performance of existing buildings. This study constitutes the first step of a roadmap applicable to other cities constituting climatic zones in Algeria. This helps to enrich the Algerian thermal regulation in thermal rehabilitation of existing residential buildings and conception of new ones, in urban areas with a similar climate.
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Rylatt, Mark, Stuart Gadsden und Kevin Lomas. „Using GIS to Estimate the Replacement Potential of Solar Energy for Urban Dwellings“. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30, Nr. 1 (Februar 2003): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b12931.
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This paper focuses the novel GIS-related aspects of a prototype planning support system for urban planners and energy advisers. The system design combines commercial database and GIS packages to provide a flexible means of predicting the solar energy potential and energy consumption of dwellings. By incorporating customised tools designed to derive useful data directly from digital maps and aerial photographs, it addresses the significant problem of data collection for urban-scale energy modelling. In conjunction with data generated by a new dynamic default data system, the map-derived data provide the necessary input for an embedded domestic energy model and a solar energy calculation engine. In this way, robust estimates can be obtained, at almost arbitrary scales of resolution, of the potential for solar energy to replace delivered domestic energy and to mitigate emissions of carbon dioxide.