Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „E-PHARMACY SECTOR“

Four month ago, nobody knows about covid-19 but now this virus has spread to almost every country, infecting at least 3,062515 people and death approx 211449 people with badly impact on economies of the most countries and also broken their health-care systems. At this time covid-19 disease is almost spreading all over the world and society. Majorly Pharmacy services act as a pillar at this pandemic situation for the public health. China is the first country where covid-19 outbreak started and some current data of consumer behavior and their habits are showed that society take some safe and preventive measures during lockdown and social distancing time which increase growth of ecommerce demand is inevitable. Now a day’s e-pharmacy is being adapted because medications can be ordered in a one click and conveniently delivered to customer door step with some risk like misuse of drugs and self-medication especially for those drugs which comes under the schedule H and X. This review paper focus on the basic issues and challenges related to online pharmacy and how can it be beneficial to society and pharma sectors in the pandemic situation. Keywords: Online Pharmacy, Internet, Corona virus, Pandemic situation, Pharmaceutical sector.

Estonia, with a population of 1.3 million, is the smallest country in the three Baltic States. As a post-soviet country, Estonia over the past 30 years has built up a new health care system, including the pharmaceutical sector. The GDP allocated to cover health care costs is significantly lower in Estonia compared to the EU average. Despite this, Estonia has excelled in the development of digital e-services in healthcare at both the domestic and international levels. The development and integration of the Estonian community pharmacy sector into primary health care has been influenced and affected by the liberalization within pharmaceutical policy and the lack of cooperation with the rest of the health care sector. Community pharmacy ownership and location matters have been prevalent. The promotion of the pharmacy services has mostly taken place on the basis of a professional initiative, as cooperation with the state has not been active. Possibly the professional fragmentation of the pharmacy sector may have played a negative role. The community pharmacy network in Estonia, especially in cities, enables fast and convenient access to the pharmacy services. Community Pharmacy Service Quality Guidelines support the harmonization of the provided services and patient-centered concept to enhance the patient role and involvement in their care. In recent years, community pharmacies in Estonia have also offered various extended services that are more or less integrated with the primary health care system. New developments may be affected by frequent changes in legislation and a shortage of professional staff in community pharmacies. The ownership reform of pharmacies in 2020 has so far not had a significant impact on the operation of pharmacies or the quality of services provided.

E-commerce is a very rapid development of trade in various fields, including pharmaceuticals. One process is the provision of prescription or non-prescription drugs from pharmacies. The management practice is still done manually, which involves the buying and selling process in person. Besides, processing and drug supplies are also done manually. These reasons make the process less effective and efficient, so it is necessary to develop an information system in buying and selling (e-commerce), improving performance, and reaching the target market. This system development uses the SDLC (System Development Live Cycle) concept and e-commerce, specifically in the pharmaceutical sector. This process is carried out from requirements to testing. The development is an e-commerce website that can help in the pharmacy's buying and selling process. Besides, the website is capable of connecting with customers. The system can integrate existing supplies into a pharmacy information system. The design of this system uses the programming languages PHP and MySQL. The results were tested using the Black Box method with the results that all processes and functions performed were carried out correctly. The developed website can be implemented in e-commerce at the pharmacy.

The recent growth of medicine sales online represents a major disruption to pharmacy markets, with COVID-19 encouraging this trend further. While e-pharmacy businesses were initially the preserve of high-income countries, in the past decade they have been growing rapidly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Public health concerns associated with e-pharmacy include the sale of prescription-only medicines without a prescription and the sale of substandard and falsified medicines. There are also non-health-related risks such as consumer fraud and lack of data privacy. However, e-pharmacy may also have the potential to improve access to medicines. Drawing on existing literature and a set of key informant interviews in Kenya, Nigeria and India, we examine the e-pharmacy regulatory systems in LMICs. None of the study countries had yet enacted a regulatory framework specific to e-pharmacy. Key regulatory challenges included the lack of consensus on regulatory models, lack of regulatory capacity, regulating sales across borders and risks of over-regulation. However, e-pharmacy also presents opportunities to enhance medicine regulation—through consolidation in the sector, and the traceability and transparency that online records offer. The regulatory process needs to be adapted to keep pace with this dynamic landscape and exploit these possibilities. This will require exploration of a range of innovative regulatory options, collaboration with larger, more compliant businesses, and engagement with global regulatory bodies. A key first step must be ensuring that national regulators are equipped with the necessary awareness and technical expertise to actively oversee this e-pharmacy activity.

The internet has emerge as an popular way to buy product and offerings. searching for medicines online aren't any exception. An online pharmacy is an internet-primarily based totally trafficker that sells drugs and consists of every valid and illegitimate pharmacies. modern instances square degree witnessing a surge in E- commerce, collectively with online looking, and this consists of the sale of prescription and nonprescription drugs likewise. This article concentrates at the utilization and notion of customer closer to the internet pharmacy. After survey is completed the end result conclude that people are still information deficit in regards to e-pharmacy however as lockdown become certainly one of the principle reason that a few people get aware of such service. As in line with pointers their still want development in the sector as still people don’t feel reliable to buy medication online so there is need to be greater commercials related to e- pharmacy.

Objective Estonian innovative electronic solutions have long been leading the way in the healthcare sector. This article aims to give an overview of all e-solutions and their usability in community pharmacies in Estonia and how they compare and operate with the wider e-health system. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted on publicly accessible information regarding Estonian e-health and electronic community pharmacy solutions. Findings While Estonian e-health system, including the e-prescription system is developed and maintained by the nationally funded Health and Wellbeing Infosystem Center, community pharmacy owners have established many noteworthy systems such as the e-pharmacist decision-support system, commodities info systems, online pharmacies, a telehealth prescription reminder service, and an automated dosage dispense system. Some pharmacies are collaborating with private healthcare service providers to allow quick and easy prescription renewal through an electronic channel. Conclusion Different electronic systems have overall greatly improved Estonian pharmacy services, accuracy and flow of consultations, and accessibility of medicines. In some cases, more support and active involvement is still needed from government agencies for full implementation.

An online shop is a way of trading and shopping online via the internet. Online sales in the business sector will significantly help reduce operational costs, especially for customer activities; in its contribution to commerce, online sales can also increase selling power and widely facilitate the marketing of a product. “Seger Waras” Pharmacy is an agency engaged in the business of selling medicines and medical equipment. “Seger Waras” Pharmacy requires an online sales website or online store, which is intended to maximize service to existing or new customers. Therefore, the authors conducted research on the design of the e-pharmacy application, which is a web-based medicine sales system at the Seger Waras Pharmacy. This study aims to increase the revenue of the relevant agencies and provide complete information about drug use to customers. Data collection methods use observation and interview methods for system models using Data Flow Diagrams, Entity Relationship Diagrams, and Context Diagrams. The software used by MySQL as a database server, Apache as a web server, Sublime Text 3 for writing PHP and HTML programming languages, and Bootstrap as a framework. The result of the system that has been completed is an online store application that makes it possible to sell and purchase drugs online; the online shop at the “Seger Waras” Pharmacy can increase sales turnover and promote business.

An online shop is a way of trading and shopping online via the internet. Online sales in the business sector will significantly help reduce operational costs, especially for customer activities; in its contribution to commerce, online sales can also increase selling power and widely facilitate the marketing of a product. “Seger Waras” Pharmacy is an agency engaged inthe business of selling medicines and medical equipment. “Seger Waras” Pharmacy requires an online sales website or online store, which is intended to maximize service to existing or new customers. Therefore, the authors research the design of web-based drug sales systems at the “Seger Waras” Pharmacy. This study aims to increase the revenue of the relevant agencies and provide complete information about drug use to customers. Data collection methods use observation and interview methods for system modelsusing Data Flow Diagrams, Entity Relationship Diagrams, and Context Diagrams. The software used by MySQL as a database server, Apache as a web server, Sublime Text 3 for writing PHP and HTML programming languages, and Bootstrap as a framework. The result of the system that has been completed is an online store application that makes it possible to selland purchase drugs online; the online shop at the “Seger Waras” Pharmacy can increase sales turnover and promote business.

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the education sector globally. This has resulted in learning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education continues to gain prominence in both developed and developing countries. Most universities are exploring different ways of using information and communications technology (ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas. Aim This study was aimed at exploring the factors that affect access to e-learning among rural-based pharmacy students in Zambia. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted among ten (10) purposively sampled pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. The study participants were from the Manying, a district of North-Western Province, the Sinda district of Eastern Province, the Nalolo district of Western Province, the Chipili district of Luapula Province and the Mbala district of Northern Province. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis. The sociodemographic characteristics indicate that ten (10) respondents were drawn from Zambia’s five (5) provinces. Six qualitative themes were generated these included devices used for e-learning; the effectiveness of the devices; student performance; internet connectivity; and electrification of the houses. Key findings suggest that the most commonly used device was a smartphone, which posed challenges to effective learner participation in e-learning. Poor internet connectivity, non-electrification of students’ houses, electricity outages, and costs-associated with internet use negatively affected students in accessing online learning and could adversely affect their academic activities and performance. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected access to e-learning among rural pharmacy students in Zambia. The implications of the challenges faced by the rural pharmacy students are that their academic activities and performance were negatively affected. Therefore, this posed a threat to the rights to universal access to education of the rural students who were mostly venerable.

Os cambios que se produciron no sector das oficinas de farmacia reduciron sensiblementeos ingresos e os beneficios obtidos coa venda de medicamentos con receita. Isto obrigouaos farmacéuticos a cambiar a forma de xestionar o seu negocio, baseada en “despachar”menciñas, para adoptar unha actitude máis activa fundamentada na aplicación dastécnicas de merchandising co obxectivo de incrementar a venda libre (produtos deparafarmacia e especialidades farmacéuticas publicitarias), e depender menos dosmedicamentos con receita.Nesta investigación analízase a importancia que dentro destas técnicas comerciais,desempeña o deseño exterior do punto de venda como estratexia que anima aospotenciais clientes a entrar no establecemento comercial, e polo tanto aumentar aposibilidade de que os consumidores adquiran os produtos incluídos na carteira deprodutos da farmacia. En particular, analízase a influencia que a fachada, os letreiros, acruz, a porta de entrada e o escaparate teñen na venda libre da farmacia.of prescription drugs have been significantly reduced. That is why pharmacists have tochange the way in which they run their business, based on dispensing prescription drugs,in order to adopt a more active attitude based on the application of merchandisingtechniques in order to increase the sales of over-the-counter drugs (parapharmaceuticalproducts and advertising pharmaceutical specialties), so they are able to be lessdependent on the prescription drugs. This study analyzes the importance of outdoordesign as a strategy to encourage potential customers to go inside the commercialestablishment; and thus increase the possibility for consumers to purchase the productsincluded in the pharmacy product portfolio. In particular, the influence of the façade, thepharmacy sign, the pharmacy cross, the front door and the shop window, on the sales ofover-the-counter drugs of the pharmacy is analyzed.

Medicine management is an approach supported by evidence to prescribe and manage the patient’s medicines to protect the safety, tolerability, and potency of the medication. It helps practitioners to achieve the optimum use of medicines for a patient, optimizes the treatment benefits and accomplishes the best results for each patient. The three components of the Medicine Management System (MMS), which are Electronic Health Record (EHR), e-prescription, and Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) are vastly used. Despite the values of MMS, only 15.2% of public hospitals in Malaysia utilize the system using different features. This paper reviewed the components of the current MMS, the utilization and challenges of MMS implementation in the Malaysian context, and proposed a new integrated MMS. The proposed MMS is grounded on three theories, namely System Theory, Utilization Theory, and Evidence-Based Theory. The main aspects of the integrated MMS are e-prescription, appropriateness of dosage regimen, covering best current evidence, show alerts of any medicine-related issues, and centralization of patient data that will be designed for all healthcare centers. If any issues arise in the prescribed medicine, an alert will be supported by the current foremost evidence that shows on the prescriber’s system. However, if no issue is detected, the prescription will be saved in the patient’s record and will show on the pharmacy system with direction and cautions related to the medicines. The proposed MMS is postulated to increase the productivity of the healthcare system by reducing medicine-related issues, improve communication among healthcare professionals, enhance patient health, and enhance practitioner operations.

Objective – This paper aims to examine the influence of Leadership Style, Intellectual Capital, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Performance in companies in the sub-sectors of Mining, Pharmacy and Consumption and Household, Basic Industry, Chemical and Infrastructure, Utility and Telecommunication listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2012-2018. Methodology/Technique – In this research, leadership style is measured transformationally and transactionally. Meanwhile, Intellectual Capital is measured using VAICTM. Furthermore, Corporate Social Responsibility is measured using GRI G4, and Financial Performance is proxied by ROA, ROE, and sales growth. The method used is a saturated sample. The sample in this research was 50 companies in the Basic and Chemical Industry sub-sector, 28 companies in the infrastructure, utilities, and telecommunications sub-sectors, 38 mining sub-sector companies, and 17 companies in the consumer goods sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research used secondary data taken from financial and annual reports and primary data obtained through questionnaires for leadership style. The analysis method used is simple regression analysis. Findings & Novelty –The results show that the influence of leadership style, intellectual capital, and corporate social responsibility in the four sectors varies with a positive or negative relationship direction. Intellectual capital has a positive significant influence on ROA, ROE and SG in four sectors. Previous research has focused on only one sector. This study compares the influence of leadership style, intellectual capital, and corporate social responsibility in four sectors Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: M41, M49. Keywords: Comparison; Leadership Style; Intellectual Capital; CSR; Performance Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Gantino, R; Ruswanti, E; Rachman, T. 2020. Leadership Style, Intellectual Capital and Corporate Social Responsibility on Performance, a Comparison Model of Listed Companies in Indonesia., Acc. Fin. Review, 5 (3): 110 – 120. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2020.5.3(3)

Este artículo analiza el desarrollo de innovaciones para la Base de la Pirámide (BP) en el sector salud en México. A partir de un estudio de caso en la industria de la salud en México, se analiza la manera en que las innovaciones para los pobres se originan y evolucionan con el tiempo tanto en su contenido como su mercado objetivo. A partir del caso del modelo farmacia-doctor identificamos la manera en que, en el mismo país, la innovación frugal puede evolucionar hacia una innovación inversa. Asimismo, este artículo también discute las condiciones necesarias para que surja la innovación frugal. Además, este artículo demuestra que una innovación frugal diseñada inicialmente para satisfacer las necesidades de las personas bajos recursos puede permear a los mercados compuestos por personas con niveles de ingresos más altos en el mismo país. La aportación de este artículo es que contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de la literatura emergente sobre la innovación frugal e inversa.From frugal to inverse innovation: the case of the ‘medical-pharmacy’ model in Mexico’s health sector This article analyzes the innovations at the base of the pyramid (Bop) in Mexico’s health sector. From the perspective of this sector, it analyzes how innovations for poor people are created and transformed over time in terms of both their content and their commercial objectives. For the case of the medical-pharmacy model, we describe its evolution in terms of transit from a frugal innovation to an inverse innovation. The essay discusses the conditions required for the emergence of a frugal innovation, and describes how an innovation of this nature, designed initially to meet the needs of low-income people can enjoy success, as well, in higher income markets. The contribution of this article is to help understand the growing literature on frugal and inverse innovation.Keywords: frugal innovation, reverse innovation, base of the pyramid, health sector, Mexico

AbstractThe traditional role of compounding pharmacies is to make drugs prescribed by physicians for patients with needs that cannot be met by commercially available drugs. Medication errors have attracted attention of health authorities since they compromise the patient’s assistance, enhance morbidity rates and increase the healthcare costs. This study analyzed medication errors that occurred in a compounding pharmacy school in order to identify types and periodicity and to outline strategies in the service delivery process to mitigate such errors. This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out from March to June of 2018 and based on the analysis of occurrences recorded by the service sector of a magistral pharmacy school in Rio de Janeiro. The errors were classified according to the stage in the pharmaceutical assistance process and reached 124 records, with an average of 1.03 occurrence/day. The main causes were prescription errors (95 occurrences or 76.60%), administering (12 occurrences or 9.68%), labeling (7 occurrences or 5.65%), dispensing (7 occurrences or 5.65%) and handling (3 occurrences or 2.42%). The errors in the prescription stage, the most frequent ones, were potential but intercepted and cleared before they resulted in a harmful outcome. This study identified medication errors in a magistral pharmacy. The errors were potential but intercepted and resolved before they resulted in a harmful outcome. The results points to the need for systematic surveillance of adverse events in a more active way and for standardizing the procedures throughout the process, from assessing the medical prescription to guiding the patient for proper administration and storage. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Preparations. Risk Management. Pharmacovigilance. Pharmacoepidemiology. ResumoO papel tradicional das farmácias de manipulação é manipular medicamentos prescritos por médicos para pacientes com necessidades que não podem ser atendidas pelos medicamentos disponíveis no mercado. Os erros de medicação são eventos que vêm recebendo grande destaque entre autoridades sanitárias por contribuírem com o aumento das taxas de morbidade e dos custos do sistema de saúde, comprometendo a qualidade da assistência prestada ao paciente. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os principais erros de medicação observados em uma Farmácia Escola magistral localizada no sudeste do Brasil. Foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo retrospectivo no período de março a junho de 2018, baseado na análise das ocorrências de erros de medicação registradas no período. Os erros foram classificados de acordo com as etapas da assistência farmacêutica. Um total de 124 registros foram verificados no período, com média diária de 1,03 ocorrências/dia. As principais causas destes registros foram em 95 (76,60%) devido a erros de prescrição, 3 (2,42%) referentes à erros de manipulação dos medicamentos, 7 (5,65%) erros de rotulagem, 7 (5,65%) erros de dispensação, e 12 (9,68%) referentes à erros de administração do medicamento pelo paciente. Os erros de maior frequência foram relacionados à escrituração da prescrição. Os erros verificados eram potenciais e foram interceptados e resolvidos antes que resultassem em um desfecho danoso. Os resultados indicaram a necessidade de avançar para uma vigilância sistemática de eventos adversos de forma mais ativa e padronização das condutas relacionadas aos processos desde a avaliação da qualidade da prescrição até a orientação para administração e guarda adequada do medicamento pelo paciente. Palavras-chave: Preparações Farmacêuticas. Gestão de Riscos. Farmacovigilância. Farmacoepidemiologia.

Motivation is a key factor in success. If it is high, it suggests a high probability of success; a lack of motivation can lead to failure or dropout. The objective of our study is to know the motivational factors, the quality and the strength of the motivation among the residents in medical biology at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, as well as their satisfaction with their choice of specialty. In this context, we conducted a descriptive and analytical study among residents in medical biology at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, through a questionnaire sent by e-mail to specify the socio-demographic characteristics of residents and their motivational determinants to the choice of specialty. We collected 50 questionnaires with a response rate of 79.97%. The majority of the residents who responded to the questionnaire were female. Motivation scores were high overall for all residents. Intrinsic motivation and perceived value of the task were the highest. Attraction to science and altruism are the most important factors in the choice of specialty among residents. The degree of motivation is significantly higher among residents with volunteer status (p<0.005) due to the monetary income of the specialty in the private sector. The majority of residents (93.22%) were satisfied with their choice of specialty. Autonomy support and continuing education are essential to maintain motivation at a high enough level to effectively challenge residents.

It is reported that at least one medication error per day occurs in hospitalized patients. Medication errors are not only harmful but also expensive. Prescription review by pharmacists is the standard to reduce prescribing error; however, due to the manual process, pharmacists lack time to conduct prescription reviews. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) allows clinicians to directly place medication orders electronically, transmitted directly to the pharmacy. Successfully implemented CPOE systems improve the prescribing process and result in fewer medication errors. However, regardless of its significance, implementation of CPOE is a very difficult task, particularly in a public-sector hospital. Lady Reading Hospital-Medical Teaching Institution has a manual system for indenting medication system; pharmacists could only ensure the current dispensing of medication, but lack time and information to conduct a review to ensure the appropriateness of prescription. The article entails the barriers and the process of implementation of e-prescribing.

Background: The education sector is one of the major sectors adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic globally, and education of health professionals is no exception. Thousands of health professional institutions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region were closed abruptly to ensure the safety of students and staff. Aims: This study aims to describe the situation of health professionals’ education in the EMR during COVID-19 and review strategies adopted by institutions to ensure continuity of education. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, key informant-based survey involving 50 institutions was conducted in 13 Member States of the EMR. The survey included medicine (n=23), dentistry (n=9), nursing (n=13), and pharmacy (n=5) colleges. The questionnaire included 40 open-ended questions about the challenges facing health professionals’ education during the COVID-19 lockdown and strategies adopted for the continuation of education. Data were analysed and summarized to reach meaningful conclusions. Results: Almost all institutions in the EMR were closed during February and March 2020 as the number of cases increased. Most institutions, with few exceptions, in resource-constrained countries switched to online learning through emergency remote teaching mechanisms. COVID-19 caused delays in the completion of academic sessions and modifications to the curricula to cover courses within a short time. Conclusion: COVID-19 may continue to impact health professionals’ education. However, countries with better IT infrastructure and support will likely continue to develop their online educational capacities to reap the benefits of e-learning in the future.

Background HIV is a public health burden in Nigeria. HIV self-testing is one of the approaches to testing, which is the first of the 95:95:95 cascade of a coherent response to the epidemic. The ability to self-test HIV is influenced by various factors that can either serve as enablers or barriers. Exploring these enablers and barriers to the uptake of HIVST will help achieve optimal HIV self-testing and provide a deeper understanding of the HIVST kits users’ journey. Objective The purpose of the study was to identify enablers and barriers to the uptake of HIV self-testing among sexually active youth in Nigeria using journey map methodology. Methods We conducted a qualitative exploratory study between January 2021 to October 2021 to understand the journey map for taking up and using HIVST in the private health delivery systems which include the pharmacies and PPMVs. 80 youths in Lagos, Anambra and Kano states were interviewed using IDIs and in-person FGDs. Their responses were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative software package (Nvivo software). Results A journey map for taking up and effectively using HIVST using the private sector among sexually active youths using key enablers and barriers at the attract, purchase, use, confirmation, linkage, and reporting stage was developed. The major enablers among participants were privacy and confidentiality, bundling purchases with other health products, easy-to-use instructions, and past experience with other self-testing kits. The major barriers were fear of discrimination, big packaging, high price, lack of confidence from user error and fear of status disclosure. Conclusions Sexually active young people’s perspectives enhance our understanding of the barriers and enablers of using HIVST through the private sector. Optimizing the enablers such as improved confidentiality that may be seen in e-pharmacy, reducing barriers and factoring sexually young people’s perspectives will enhance the market and the uptake of HIVST towards ensuring sustainability and accelerating progress towards the 95-95-95 targets.

SPACE ANALYSIS OF THE MAGISTRAIS PHARMACIES OF BELÉM, PARÁANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LAS FARMACIAS MAGISTERIAL DE BELÉM, PARÁO Brasil tem o maior mercado mundial de Farmácias de Magistrais (FMs). Neste trabalho analisou-se a distribuição espacial e a concentração das principais FMs, que são estabelecimentos que apresentam condições de manipular medicamentos de qualquer espécie, sob receita médica. Os dados primários utilizados referem-se à localização das FMs do centro de Belém coletados através do site do Conselho Regional de Farmácia do Estado do Pará (CRF-Pa), Catálogo analógico e digital On line, Tele lista. Para o mapeamento e análise de concentração das FMs utilizou-se Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) QGis 2.14. Observa-se que a empresa “A Fórmula” corresponde a 18%, do total de estabelecimentos magistrais. O bairro de São Brás possui o maior número de estabelecimentos de FMs o que corresponde a 20% do total deste setor farmacêutico. Revela-se que a periferia de Belém não possui estabelecimentos magistrais, como Jurunas, Condor, Curió Utinga, Universitário, dentre outros. A mancha de Muito Alta concentração de FMs tem 6,15 km² e um perímetro de 11.229,81 metros. Nota-se que há uma sobreposição e áreas de influências das FMs no centro de Belém, evidenciando a extrema concorrência, principalmente nos bairros centrais em razão do perfil socioeconômico mais elevado. Portanto, existe um enorme campo a ser explorado, mas deve-se desenvolver uma análise para identificar os bairros com bom potencial de consumo através de estudo de geomarketing. Palavras-chave: Farmácia de Manipulação; SIG; Geoprocessamento; Concentrações Espaciais.ABSTRACTBrazil has the largest world market for Magistrais Pharmacies (FMs). This work analyzed the spatial distribution and concentration of the main FMs, which are establishments that are able to handle drugs of any kind, under medical prescription. The primary data used refer to the location of the FMs of the center of Belém collected through the website of the Regional Council of Pharmacy of the State of Pará (CRF-Pa), Analog and digital catalog On line, Tele list. For the mapping and analysis of concentration of the FMs, Geographic Information System (GIS) QGis 2.14 was used. It is observed that the company "The Formula" corresponds to 18% of the total number of magisterial establishments. The district of São Brás has the largest number of FM establishments which corresponds to 20% of the total of this pharmaceutical sector. It is revealed that the periphery of Belém does not have master establishments, such as Jurunas, Condor, Curió Utinga, University, among others. The spot of Very high concentration of FMs has 6,15 km ² and a perimeter of 11,229.81 meters. It is noted that there is an overlap and influence areas of the FMs in downtown Belém, evidencing extreme competition and cannibalism, mainly in the central neighborhoods due to the socioeconomic profile. Therefore, there is a huge field to be explored, but an analysis should be developed to identify neighborhoods with good potential for consumption through a geomarketing study.Keywords: Manipulation Pharmacy; SIG; Geoprocessing; Space Concentrations.RESUMENBrasil tiene el mayor mercado mundial de Farmacias de Magistrais (FMs). En este trabajo se analizó la distribución espacial y la concentración de las principales FMs, que son establecimientos que presentan condiciones de manipular medicamentos de cualquier especie, bajo prescripción médica. Los datos primarios utilizados se refieren a la ubicación de las FM del centro de Belém recogidos a través del sitio del Consejo Regional de Farmacia del Estado de Pará (CRF-Pa), Catálogo analógico y digital en línea, Tele lista. Para el mapeo y análisis de concentración de las FMs se utilizó Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) QGis 2.14. Se observa que la empresa "La Fórmula" corresponde al 18%, del total de establecimientos magistrales. El barrio de São Brás posee el mayor número de establecimientos de FMs que corresponde al 20% del total de este sector farmacéutico. Se revela que la periferia de Belén no posee establecimientos magistrales, como Jurunas, Condor, Curió Utinga, Universitario, entre otros. La mancha de muy alta concentración de FMs tiene 6,15 km² y un perímetro de 11.229,81 metros. Se observa que hay una superposición y áreas de influencias de las FM en el centro de Belém, evidenciando la extrema competencia y canibalismo, principalmente en los barrios centrales en razón del perfil socioeconómico. Por lo tanto, existe un enorme campo a ser explorado, pero se debe desarrollar un análisis para identificar los barrios con buen potencial de consumo a través del estudio de geomarketing.Palabras clave: Farmacia de Manipulación; SIG; Geoprocesamiento; Concentraciones Espaciales.

This study was carried out within the project “Roma Hispana. Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al estudio histórico, la musealización y la puesta en valor de Patrimonio Cultural español en Roma: la spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala” (Universitat de València Spain), which is funded by the Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital of the Generalitat Valenciana (2020–2021) and authorized by the Sovrintendenza Speciale Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio (Special Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape) of Rome, Italy. The spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala was the oldest apothecary in Europe managed by the order of Discalced Carmelite friars. Operating between the second half of the seventeenth century and the mid-twentieth century, over time it acquired great prestige, becoming known as the Pharmacy of the Popes. The aims of the “Roma Hispana” project are to study, musealize and disseminate the material and immaterial cultural heritage of this historical spezieria by combining physicochemical and cultural studies, new 3D technologies, and artificial intelligence. As a case study, in this paper we report the application of a laser scanner prototype for 3D color imaging of the spezieria’s sales room and use a simpler photogrammetry method to collect analogous data in the small nearby storeroom coupled to the high-power capabilities of the ENEA parallel computer facility. Digital data were collected to enable a virtual tour that provides a fully navigable, faithful, high-resolution 3D color model to render this ancient Roman apothecary accessible and usable to interested members of the public and experts in the sector (art historians, restorers, etc.). We also describe the 3D technology used to obtain three-dimensional images of the cultural assets of these spaces (mostly drug containers) and its results. The ultimate aim of this study is to achieve the virtual musealization of the heritage complex.

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with dementia, especially those in care homes (1). The pandemic may have exacerbated existing medication challenges that care home residents with dementia may experience, such as issues with adherence and administration. Aim To explore the views and experiences of care home managers in Northern Ireland (NI) about optimising medicines use and accessing primary healthcare services for residents with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify key lessons for supporting care home staff with medicines optimisation for residents with dementia both now and during future health crises. Methods Care home managers were recruited using several approaches which utilised purposive and snowball sampling. Participant sampling and recruitment commenced in January 2022 and finished in July 2022. The interview topic guide was developed based on published literature, current COVID-19 guidelines for care homes, and following discussion within the research team; it was piloted with two nurses with experience of working in care homes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted either using an online video-conferencing platform or via the telephone after obtaining written informed consent from participants. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis (2). Analysis of data is ongoing. Results Fourteen interviews were conducted, lasting between 25 and 56 minutes. Findings to date have highlighted the challenges care homes have faced whilst caring for residents with dementia during the pandemic. Participants described changes to the way in which primary healthcare services were provided. In particular, provision of services from general practice (e.g. prescribing, consultations) were mostly conducted over the telephone and/or online and some participants reported that this had an impact on medication review: ‘’it's only the review of medication that has not been done during the pandemic’’ [CHM_07]. Restrictions on visiting to care homes during the initial and middle phases of the pandemic affected aspects of medicines optimisation for residents with dementia and an already stretched care sector: “There was a lot of problems… prior to COVID. COVID just made those problems monumental’’ [CHM_14]. Most participants perceived that community pharmacy services were not affected by the pandemic and medication supply continued: “We haven’t had an issue with community pharmacy to be honest with you’’ [CHM_03]. Participants identified lessons for future health crises including the need for improved communication with general practitioners, the importance of a multidisciplinary team effort to optimise medicines for residents with dementia, along with input from residents’ family members, and greater support for care homes. Conclusion This study has highlighted the difficulties that care home managers have faced in accessing general practice services during the pandemic and the impact this has had on residents with dementia receiving medication review. Whilst these findings add to a limited evidence base, they may not be generalisable to other parts of the UK. Future work will focus on development of a questionnaire study with care home managers. References 1. Gordon AL, Goodman C, Achterberg W, Barker RO, Burns E, Hanratty B, et al. COVID in care homes – challenges and dilemmas in healthcare delivery. Age Ageing. 2020 Aug 24;49(5): 701-705. 2. Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2008 Jul 21;3(2): 77-101.

In Germany, around 58 million people currently use a smartphone. 1 Not to use this communicative access to potential customers on the part of the health market would not only be negligent, but also unrealistic. Digitalization in the health sector has developed strongly in many areas in recent years and is described with different terms. These include 'e-health', 'digital health' or 'health 2.0'. However, all these terms mean the same thing: techniques and digital applications for preventing, improving and maintaining the health of the population. The tools of this technology are websites, portals, forums and, above all, apps. They are all intended to support people in actively shaping their health. 2

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted every aspect of life on a global scale. E-business has become a key factor influencing the profitability of businesses in various fields, regardless of their size. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of e-business in entrepreneurship development in various fields during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a panel analysis of data from 212 micro, small, medium-sized and large companies, and nine business sectors (trade, chemical, light, pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, HoReCo (hotel and restaurant industry), electronics and IT, transport) was used with data comparison for 2019 and 2020 in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Poland, Moldova and Georgia. The e-business platform was found to be the key indicator of maintaining performance during a pandemic. The analyzed questionnaire data show that 58% of respondents saw an increase in online income in 2020 compared to 2019 that in such sectors as trade, IT and pharmacy. There were 59% of respondents who saw the need to expand communication networks with existing and potential customers, because it was positively correlated with the efficiency of e-business. Besides, the results show that equity financing and proper liquidity management consolidate the economic performance of businesses in terms of return on equity and return on assets. Our findings are useful to managers and investors, and can help them make the best decisions about their management or investment activities. Moreover, the study demonstrates how companies were responding to the pandemic in order to identify sectors that are more vulnerable to the effects of the crisis and the key financial management decisions that companies need to make during the crisis.

This study investigated the sustainability practices of two (2) selected publicly-listed higher education institutions in the Philippines that ensure health and well-being. Research and publication, course offerings leading to health professions, and collaborations and health services were used as variables to measure sustainable practices that ensure good health and well-being. On the other hand, sustainable development was chosen to assess the assurance of good health and well-being. This study is based on the theories of health, well-being, sustainable development, and stakeholder theory. The qualitative exploratory research design was used. Data were from the 2020 websites of the respective universities, which contained annual reports, sustainability reports, and other documents. The information from these sources was analyzed using an analytical method. According to the findings, publicly-listed higher education institutions have published several studies on health and well-being in peer-reviewed journals that are either locally or internationally referred locally or internationally or indexed in World of Science (WoS) or Scopus. Nursing, medicine, dentistry, optometry, medical technology, pharmacy, psychology, and social work are among the health-related courses available to train competent and dedicated health professionals. Graduates of these courses will be expected to promote, protect, and treat the physical, mental, social, emotional, environmental, and holistic well-being of others. The analysis of collaborations and health services revealed numerous programs and activities related to networking with other health institutions, health outreach programs, mental health support, and health care services. It develops solutions to improve the health and well-being of university stakeholders using the skills and resources at its disposal. To ensure good health and well-being, stakeholders should collaborate to ensure an integrated and holistic approach to higher education sustainability. To address the study’s limitations, it is proposed that research be conducted using a different approach that links SDG#3 to other SDGs applicable to a university setting.ReferencesAllardt. E. (1989). An updated indicator system: having, leaving, being. working papers 48, Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki.Aleixo, A., Azeiteiro, U., & Leal, S. (2020). Are the Sustainable Development Goals being implemented in the Portuguese higher education formative offer? International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2019-0150Aleixo, A. M., Azeiteiro, U., & Leal, S. (2018). The implementation of sustainability practices in Portuguese higher education institutions. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education.Aleixo, A., Leal, S., & Azeiteiroet, U. (2016). Conceptualization of sustainable higher education institutions, roles, barriers, and challenges for sustainability: An exploratory study in Portugal. Journal of Cleaner Production. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.010Alshuwaikhat, H. M., & Abubakar, I. (2008). An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability: assessment of the current campus environmental management practices. Journal of cleaner production, 16(16), 1777-1785.Bebbington, J., Herzig, C., & Moon, J. (2014). Higher education and sustainable development. Auditing and Accountability Journal, 27(2). p. 218-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-12-2013-1553Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Report of the World Commission on environment and development:" our common future.". UN.Centro Escolar University. (2020). CEU Annual Report 2020. https://issuu.com/ceu-mis/docs/annual_report_2020Cole, L. (2003). Assessing Sustainability on Canadian University Campuses: Development of Sustainability Assessment Framework (Doctoral dissertation, Royal Roads University).Cortese, A. D. (2003). The critical role of higher education in creating a sustainable future. Planning for Higher Education.Dade, A. E. (2010). The impact of individual decision-making on oncampus sustainability initiatives. University of Nevada.Dahan, G. & Senol, I, (2012). Corporate social responsibility in higher education institutions: Istanbul Bilgi university the case. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3).Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological science in the public interest, 5(1), 1-31.Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., & White, M. (2006). Review of research on the influences on personal well-being and application to policy making. Defra.Duderstad J.J. & Weber L.E. (2011), “Global sustainability and the responsibilities of universities", Glion Colloquium Series n. 8, Economica, Londra, 119–129.Far Eastern University. (2021). FEU Annual Corporate Governance Report 2021. https://investors.feu.edu.ph/ corporategovernance. aspElkington, J. (1998). Partnerships from cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st‐century business. Environmental quality management, 8(1), 37-51.Findler, F., Schonherr, N. , Lozano, R., Reider, D., & Martinuzzi, A. (2019). The impacts of higher education institutions on sustainable development: a review and conceptualization. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, https://www.doi.org/10.1108/Fischer, D., Jenssen, S., & Tappeser, V. (2015). Getting an empirical hold of the sustainable university: a comparative analysis of evaluation frameworks across 12 contemporary sustainability assessment tools. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 40(6), 785-800. https://doi.or/10.1080/02602938.2015.1043234Freeman, R.E. (1999). Divergent stakeholder theory. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 233-236.Gray, R., & Bebbington, J. (2000). Environmental accounting, managerialism, and sustainability: Is the planet safe in the hands of business and accounting? Advances in environmental accounting & management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Gottlieb, R. (2004). Sustainability on Campus: Stories and strategies for change. MIT Press.Guidi, M. E. (2016). Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832). In Handbook on the History of Economic Analysis Volume I. Edward Elgar Publishing.Govindaraju, B., Jeyasingam, J., Habib, M. (2016). Education supply chain management model to achieve sustainability in private universities in Malaysia: a review. International Journal of Supply Management, 5(4).Govindaraju, B., Jeyasingam, J., Habib, M., Letchmana, U., Ravindran, R. (2018). Factors that contribute to the achievement of sustainability in private universities of Malaysia. International Journal of Supply Management, 7(2),Harsanyi, J. C. (1996). Utilities, preferences, and substantive goods. Social choice and welfare, 14(1), 129-145.Hill, P.S., Buse, K., Brolan, C.E. & Ooms, G. (2014). How can health remain central post-2015 sustainable development paradigm? Globalization and Health, 10(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-10-18Jongbloed, B., Enders, J., & Salerno, C. (2008). Higher education and its communities: interconnections, interdependencies and research agenda. Higher Education, 56, 303-324.Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N., Haanaes, K., & von Steng Velken, L. (2012). Sustainability nears a tipping point. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53, 69-74.Kiseleva, L. (2013). Health as an economic resource in the context of contemporary theories. Czech Journal of Social Sciences Business and Economics, 2(3), 62-71.Konu, A.& Rimpella, M. (2002). Well-being in schools: a conceptual model. Health Promotion International, 17(1).Kretovics, M.A. (2016) Business practices in higher education: a guide for administrators. University College London.Le Blanc D. Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets. Sustainable Dev 2015;23:176–87.Leal Filho, W., Azeiteiro, U., Alves, F., Pace, P., Mifsud, M., Brandli, L., Caeiro, S., & Disterheft, A. (2018) Reinvigorating the sustainable development research agenda: the role of the sustainable development goals (SDG). International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 25 (2), 131-142.Leal Filho, W. (2011). About the role of universities and their contribution to sustainable development. Higher Education Policy. https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2011.16Leal Filho, W. , Manolas, E., Pace, P. (2015). The future we want: key issues on sustainable development in higher education after Rio and the UN decade of education for sustainable development. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. ISSN. 1467- 6370Lozano, R., et. al., (2014). A review of commitment and implementation of sustainable development in higher education: results from a worldwide survey. Journal of Cleaner Production, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.048Lozano, R., Lozano, F.J., Mulder, K., Huisingh, D., & Waas, T. (2013). Advancing higher education for sustainable development: international insights and critical reflections. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48(3).Mainardes, E., Alves, H., & Raposo, M. (2013). Portuguese Public University student satisfaction: a stakeholder theory-based approach. Tertiary Education and Management 19(4), 353-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2013.841984McKeown, R., Hopkins, C.A., Rizzi, R., Chrystalbridge, M. (2002). Education for Sustainable Development Toolkit, Version 2. Waste Management Research and Education Institute, University of Tennessee. http://www.esdtoolkit.org.Orme, J., & Dooris, M. (2010). Integrating health and sustainability: the higher education sector as a timely catalyst. Health education research, 25(3), 425-437.Osborn, D., Cutter, A., & Ullah, F. (2015). Understanding the transformational challenge for developed countries. Universal Sustainable Development GoalsRieckmann, M. (2012). Future-oriented higher education: which key competencies should be fostered through university teaching and learning? Features 44(2), 127-135.Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological wellbeing revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719.Scott, S., & Lane, V. (2000). A stakeholder approach to organizational identity. Academy of Management Review, 25, 43-62.Sibbel, A. (2009). Pathways towards sustainability through higher education. International Journal of Sustainable Higher Education, 10(1), 68-82.Steiner, L., Sundstrom, A., & Sammalisto, K. (2013). An analytical model for university identity and reputation strategy work. Higher Education, 65(4), 401-415.Sumner, L. W. (1995). The subjectivity of welfare. Ethics, 105(4), 764-790.Times Higher Education Impacts Ranking Methodology Guide 2022 version 1.3.United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.United Nations. (2020). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020. United Nations Development Programme. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 2015. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda/Velasquez, L., Munguia, N., Platt, A., Taddei, J. (2006). Sustainable university: What can be the matter? Journal of Cleaner Production, 14, pp. 810-819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.12.008World Health Organization. (1948). The preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.World Health Organization. Health promotion glossary. WHO/HPR/HEP/98.1. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998:1–36. http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/about/HPR%20Glossary%201998.pdf?ua=1World Health Organization. Positioning Health in the Post-2015 Development Agenda. WHO discussion paper. 1–4 October 2012. http://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/post2015/ WHOdiscussionpaper_October2012.pdf?ua=1World Health Organization (2015d). Health in 2015 from MDGs to SDGs. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/200009/1/9789241565110_eng.pdf?ua=1Yamey G., Shretta R., & Binka FN. The 2030 sustainable development goal for health—must balance bold aspiration with technical feasibility. BMJ 2014;349:g5295.Yang, S., Alessandri, S., & Kinsey, D. (2008). An integrative analysis of reputation and relational quality: a study of university-student relationships. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 18, 145-170.

ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has changed economic conditions in various countries, including Indonesia. One of the sectors affected is the capital market sector which can also describe the economic condition of a country through the stock index. This article aimed to analyze the impact of Covid-19 and the macroeconomics on the Islamic stock index in Indonesia (ISSI and JII). Macroeconomic variables are included in the model as an update. This study used a quantitative method using the VECM model. Research variable data were obtained from investing websites (ISSI and JII), Indonesian covid-19 task force websites (Covid-19 Cases), Statistics Indonesia (BPS),and BI (BI Rate, Inflation, Exchange rates, etc.) from March 2020 to December 2022. Based on the research results, covid-19 and the macroeconomics have no effect on the sharia stock index in Indonesia, except for the BI Rate. This is due to the fairly tight fundamental selection of constituent issuers of the Islamic stock index, the speed and accuracy of Covid-19 control and the massive education. This result has implications for the selection of investors in stocks that are included in the Islamic stock index in Indonesia, because it is proven that ISSI and JII are quite immune to the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Islamic Stock, ISSI, JII, Covid-19 Pandemic, Macroeconomic. ABSTRAK Pandemi covid-19 telah merubah kondisi perekonomian di berbagai Negara, termasuk Indonesia. Salah satu sektor yang terdampak adalah sektor pasar modal yang juga dapat menggambarkan kondisi perekonomian suatu Negara melalu indeks saham. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak covid-19 dan makro ekonomi terhadap indeks saham syariah di Indonesia (ISSI dan JII). Variabel ekonomi makro yang dimasukkan ke dalam model sebagai pembaharuan, karena indeks saham dapat mencerminkan kondisi ekonomi suatu Negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model VECM. Data variabel penelitian diperoleh dari website investing (ISSI dan JII), website satgas covid-19 Indonesia (Total Kasus Covid-19), BPS (BI Rate, Inflasi) dan BI (Kurs, Cadangan Devisa, Jumlah Uang yang Beredar) dari bulan Maret 2020 sampai dengan Desember 2022. Hasilnya pandemi covid-19 dan makro economi tidak berpengaruh terhadap indeks saham syariah di Indonesia, kecuali BI Rate. Hal tersebut dikarenakan cukup ketatnya seleksi fundamental emiten konstituen indeks saham syariah, kecepatan dan ketepatan pengendalian covid-19 serta edukasi pasar modal syariah yang masif. Hasil ini berimplikasi pada pemilihan investor pada saham-saham yang masuk ke dalam indeks saham syariah di Indonesia, karena terbukti bahwa ISSI dan JII cukup kebal dengan adanya pandemi covid-19. Kata Kunci: Saham Syariah, ISSI, JII, Pandemi Covid-19, Makro Ekonomi REFERENCES Abdalloh, I. (2018). Pasar Modal Syariah. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Abdullahi, S. I. (2021). Islamic equities and COVID-19 pandemic: measuring Islamic stock indices correlation and volatility in period of crisis. Islamic Economic Studies, 29(1). doi:10.1108/ies-09-2020-0037 Adediran, I. A., Salawudeen, A., & Ashraf Sabzwari, S. N. (2022). Islamic stock markets and COVID-19-induced shocks: simulations with global VAR approach. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(2), 287–309. doi:10.1108/IMEFM-02-2021-0077 Adekoya, O. B., Oliyide, J. A., & Tiwari, A. K. (2022). Risk transmissions between sectoral Islamic and conventional stock markets during COVID-19 pandemic: What matters more between actual COVID-19 occurrence and speculative and sentiment factors? Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(2), 363–376. doi:10.1016/j.bir.2021.06.002 Ahyar, M. K., & Yasin, R. M. (2023). Pasar modal syariah: Teori, praktik dan analisis. Sukoharjo: Tahta Media Gorup. Alawiyah, T., & Setiyaningsih, R. F. (2021). Analisis Syariah Online Trading System (Sots) Atas Kinerja Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Di Pasar Modal. Jurnal Riset Keuangan dan Akuntansi, 7(1), 13–22. doi:10.25134/jrka.v7i1.4398 Amsi, M. (2022). Berkah dengan investasi syariah: Saham syariah kelas pemula. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo. Bank Indonesia. (2021). Statistik ekonomi dan keuangan Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.id/ Boediono. (2018). Seri sinopsis pengantar ilmu ekonomi no. 2 ekonomi makro (Keempat). Yogyakarta: BPFE. BPS, D. A., & BPS, P. S. (2021). Kajian perkembangan pasar saham dan keuangan emiten selama pandemi covid-19. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id Elfiswandi, E., & Hendri, A. (2021). Analisis pengaruh Inflasi, Kurs Rupiah/Dolar Amerika, dan Jumlah Uang Beredar Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2016. Jurnal Ekobistek, 7(1), 68-80. doi:10.35134/ekobistek.v7i1.5 Febrina, R. S., Sumiati, S., & Ratnawati, K. (2018). Pengaruh variabel makroekonomi dan harga saham asing terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 5(1), 118-126. doi:10.26905/jbm.v5i1.2321 Fikri, Y., & Anis, A. (2019). Analisis faktor penentu indeks harga saham gabungan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 1(4), 37-50. doi:10.24036/jkep.v1i4.8952 Ganar, Y. B., Agrasadya, Dinantara, M. D., Apriansyah, M., Sahroni, Zulfitra, Sampurnaningsih, S. R., Rachmawaty, Noryani, Sari, W. I., Jati, W., Marjohan, M., Sarwani, Maddinsyah, A., & Sunarsi, D. (2020). The Reaction of the Sharia Stock Market in the Early Days of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 1516–1526. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.11.214 Gujarati, D. N., Porter, D. C., Mardanugraha, E., Wardhani, S., & Mangunsong, C. (2013). Dasar-dasar ekonometrika buku 1 (Edisi 5). Surabaya: Salemba Empat. Hakim, A. (2017). Pengantar ekonometrika time series. Yogyakarta: EKONISIA. Hamzah, H., Valeriani, D., & Yusfany, A. (2021). Pengaruh Variabel Makro Ekonomi Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham LQ-45 Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. SOROT, 16(2), 85-98. doi:10.31258/sorot.16.2.85-98 Hasan, M. B., Mahi, M., Hassan, M. K., & Bhuiyan, A. B. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stock markets: Conventional vs. Islamic indices using wavelet-based multi-timescales analysis. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 58. doi:10.1016/j.najef.2021.101504 Hery. (2021a). Pasar modal syariah mengenal dan memahami ruang lingkup pasar modal Islam di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Gava Media. Hery, A. (2021b). Pengantar pasar modal syariah. Bandung: Penerbit Yrama Widya. Kholipah, S. N., & Kurniasih, A. (2017). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembiayaan perbankan syariah sektor industri di Indonesia. NISBAH: Jurnal Perbankan Syariah, 3(1), 351-364. doi:10.30997/jn.v3i1.785 Lathifah, H. M., Febrianti, D. S., Utami, A. P., Ulhaq, A. A., Tulasmi, T., & Mukti, T. (2021). Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Nilai Saham Syari'ah di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 7(1), 223–229. doi: 10.29040/jiei.v7i1.1772 Nurdany, A., Ibrahim, M. H., & Romadoni, M. F. (2021). The asymmetric volatility of the Islamic capital market during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 7, 185-202. doi:10.21098/jimf.v7i0.1312 Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2016). Buku seri literasi keuangan. Retrieved from https://sikapiuangmu.ojk.go.id/FrontEnd/LiterasiPerguruanTinggi/ Prastio, M. B., & Muhani. (2022). Fundamental, Teknikal, dan Makroekonomi Terhadap Harga Saham Sektor Energi Tahun 2015-2019. JBMI: Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Informatika, 18(3), 141–163. doi:10.26487/jbmi.v18i3.19643 Pratitis, F. A., & Setiyono, T. A. (2021). Komparasi Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia (ISSI) Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi Covid-19. JIEF : Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 1(1), 68–79. doi:10.28918/jief.v1i1.3730 Puspitasari, N. (2018). Keuangan Islam teori dan praktik. Yogyakarta: UII Press. Retnoningsih, S., Naufa, A. M., & Astuti, W. B. (2022). The covid-19, policy, and islamic capital market in Indonesia. Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 10(1), 31-53. doi:10.21043/equilibrium.v10i1.13542 Rizki, M. (2021). Dampak suku bunga, inflasi, nilai tukar, dan cadangan devisa terhadap return IHSG di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Journal of Business Administration Economic & Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 44-54. Romadhon, M. R., & Mutmainah, S. (2023). Islamic capital market integration in 5 ASEAN countries in the covid-19 era. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan, 10(3), 262–274. doi:10.20473/vol10iss20233pp262-274 Rorizki, F., Sakinah, S., Dalimunthe, A., & Silalahi, P. R. (2022). Perkembangan dan tantangan pasar modal Indonesia. Economic Reviews Journal, 1(2), 147-157. doi:10.56709/mrj.v1i2.24 Salisu, A. A., & Shaik, M. (2022). Islamic stock indices and COVID-19 pandemic. International Review of Economics and Finance, 80, 282–293. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2022.02.073 Salisu, A. A., & Sikiru, A. A. (2020). Pandemics and the Asia-Pacific Islamic Stocks. Asian Economics Letters, 1(1). doi:10.46557/001c.17413 Saputro, A. E. (2020). Analysis of sharia stock prices and trading volume before and after the announcement of Covid 19. Ecoducation: Economics and Education Journal, 2(2), 159–168. doi:10.33503/ecoducation.v2i2.869 Siregar, H. A. (2020). Komparasi index saham syariah dan konvensional selama pandemik Covid-19 di Indonesia. Bilancia : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 4(3), 289–297. Statistik, B. P. (2021). Statistik PDB. BPS. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/ Sukirno, S. (2013). Makroekonomi teori pengantar. Depok: Rajawali Pers. Suryaputri, R. V., & Kurniawati, F. (2020). Analisis ISSI, IHSG, dan nilai tukar rupiah selama pandemi COVID-19. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi (KNEMA), Jakarta: 10-11 Desember 2020. Hal 1–17. Tandelilin, T. (2013). Portofolio dan investasi: Teori dan aplikasi. Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Waryati, S. Y., & Solaiman, A. (2022). Pengaruh lingkungan makroekonomi terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Coopetition: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 13(2), 299–308. doi:10.32670/coopetition.v13i2.1417 Wibowo, C. Y., & Aminda, R. S. (2021). Pengaruh variabel makroekonomi terhadap indeks harga saham gabungan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call For Papers, Sukoharjo: 20 Desember 2021. Hal 272–282. Widarjono, A. (2018). Ekonometrika pengantar dan aplikasinya disertai panduan EViews (Kelima). Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.

Abstract Introduction The NES post-registration Foundation Programme1 for pharmacists introduced in 1989, has recently been extended to primary-care and community sectors. The programme, approximately two years in duration, is based on a competency framework (six core elements & 2 sector specific). Foundation pharmacists (FPs) are assigned a tutor, have 6 monthly appraisals, and are assessed by an e-portfolio and OSCE. Aim The aim of this paper is to describe FPs’ experiences and personal development when undertaking the Programme. This study is part of larger mixed methods evaluation of the Programme. Methods Eligible participants were pharmacists registering with the programme in September 2017/February 2018. NES staff sent emails inviting them to take part in either a focus group or interview (face-to-face or virtual) at baseline, mid-point, and-programme completion, to explore their expectations and experiences of the programme. Proceedings were digitally recorded, transcribed, and managed using NVivo. Analysis was inductive and thematic2 and synthesised in relation to Bandura’s Social Cognitive theory3 (SCT) which posits that learning and knowledge enhancement are related to interaction between environmental, person/cognitive, and behavioural factors. Facilitators and barriers to undertaking the Programme were identified. IRAS advised ethical approval was not required; NHS Research & Development approval was given. Results Ninety-six pharmacists registered for the Programme. In total 22 participated in 7 baseline focus groups, 7 in 2 midway focus group/3 in interviews, and 4 in end-of-programme interviews. At baseline environmental factors predominated in motivation to undertake the Programme such as the structured approach and robust support network (tutors, peers & NES). These also contributed to the perceived facilitators for programme completion. Conversely environmental factors linked to the external working environment could also be barriers. Person/cognitive factors were other motivators to undertaking the Programme because of perceived improved employability, and benefits of increased confidence. Finally, the behavioural domain also contributed to motivation with perceptions of benefits in both transferable and clinical skills. At midway, pharmacists confirmed their improvements in both the personal/cognitive domain (confidence, resilience, reflective practice) and the behavioural domain of clinical and transferable skills. Facilitators (support & resources) and barriers (lack of support, time, and feedback) were almost exclusively environmental. Comments around professional identity also emerged inextricably linked to FPs’ relationships with and recognition by other members of the HCP team. At programme end the views from the midway point remain unchanged. Perceived skills had increased largely in the behavioural domain but also in the person/cognitive domain with understanding the value of reflective practice emerging as a key area of improvement and being reported as influencing professional identity. Facilitators were solely reported in terms of environmental factors relating to extensive support networks and barriers again related to environmental factors which included lack of support, resources, and external influences. Views of the programme overall were very positive Discussion/Conclusion All three SCT factors influenced the learning and development of the FPs, but environmental influences dominated the barriers. As a qualitative study these results cannot be generalised, but they highlight areas to explore in more details for future programme delivery. References 1. Post-registration Foundation Programme for Newly Qualified Pharmacists in Scotland. Available from: https://nes.scot.nhs.uk/our-work/post-registration-foundation-programme-for-newly-qualified-pharmacists-in-scotland-autumn-2021-onwards/ Accessed July 25, 2022 2. Braun, V., Clarke, V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2006;3(2):77-101. ISSN 1478-0887. Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/11735 Accessed October 12, 2021 3. Bandura, A. Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall; 1977.

<p><strong>List of abstracts and authors:</strong></p><p><strong>1. Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified -overdiagnosed or underdiagnosed?</strong></p><p>E Allers</p><p><strong>2. The prognosis of major depression untreated and treated: Does the data reflect the true picture of the prognosis of this very common disorder?</strong></p><p>E Allers</p><p><strong>3. Can we prolong our patients' life expectancy? Providing a better quality of life for patients with severe mental illness</strong></p><p>O A Betencourt</p><p><strong>4. The scope of ECT practice in South Africa</strong></p><p>J Benson-Martin, P Milligan</p><p><strong>5. Biomarkers for schizophrenia: Can we evolve like cancer therapeutics?</strong></p><p>P Buckley<strong></strong></p><p><strong>6. Relapse in schizophrenis: Major challenges in prediction and prevention</strong></p><p>P Buckley</p><p><strong>7. Informed consent in biological treatments: The right to know the duty to inform</strong></p><p><strong></strong>I Chetty</p><p><strong>8. Effectiveness of a long-acting injectable antipsychotic plus an assertive monitoring programme in first-episode schizophrenia</strong></p><p><strong></strong>B Chiliza, L Asmal, O Esan, A Ojagbemi, O Gureje, R Emsley</p><p><strong>9. Name, shame, fame</strong></p><p>P Cilliers</p><p><strong>10. Can we manage the increasing incidence of violent raging children? We have to!</strong></p><p>H Clark</p><p><strong>11. Serotonin, depression and antidepressant action</strong></p><p>P Cowen</p><p><strong>12. Prevalence and correlates of comorbid psychiatris illness in patients with heroin use disorder admitted to Stikland Opioid Detoxification Unit</strong></p><p>L Dannatt, K J Cloete, M Kidd, L Weich</p><p><strong>13. Investigating the association between diabetes mellitus, depression and psychological distress in a cohort of South African teachers</strong></p><p>A K Domingo, S Seedat, T M Esterhuizen, C Laurence, J Volmink, L Asmal</p><p><strong>14. Neuropeptide S -emerging evidence for a role in anxiety</strong></p><p>K Domschke</p><p><strong>15. Pathogenetics of anxiety</strong></p><p>K Domschke</p><p><strong>16. The effects of HIV on the fronto-striatal system</strong></p><p>S du Plessis, M Vink, J Joska, E Koutsilieri, C Scheller, B Spottiswoode, D Stein, R Emsley</p><p><strong>17. Effects of acute antipsychotic treatment on brain morphology in schizophrenia</strong></p><p>R Emsley, L Asmal, B Chiliza, S du Plessis, J Carr, A Goosen, M Kidd, M Vink, R Kahn</p><p><strong>18. Development of a genetic database resource for monitoring of breast cancer patients at risk of physical and psychological complications</strong></p><p>K Grant, F J Cronje, K Botha, J P Apffelstaedt, M J Kotze</p><p><strong>19. Unipolar mania reconsidered: Evidence from a South African study</strong></p><p><strong></strong>C Grobler</p><p><strong>20. Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders: Occurence and management</strong></p><p>P Haddad</p><p><strong>21. The place of observational studies in assessing the effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics</strong></p><p>P Haddad</p><p><strong>22. Molecular mechanisms of d-cycloserine in fear extinction: Insights from RNS sequencing</strong></p><p>S Hemmings, S Malan-Muller, L Fairbairn, M Jalali, E J Oakeley, J Gamieldien, M Kidd, S Seedat</p><p><strong>23. Schizophrenia: The role of inflammation</strong></p><p>DC Henderson</p><p><strong>24. Addictions: Emergent trends and innovations</strong></p><p>V Hitzeroth</p><p><strong>25. The socio-cultural-religious context of biological psychiatric practice</strong></p><p>B Janse van Rensburg</p><p><strong>26. Biochemical markers for identifying risk factors for disability progression in multiple sclerosis</strong></p><p><strong></strong>S Janse van Rensburg, M J Kotze, F J Cronje, W Davis, K Moremi, M Jalali Sefid Dashti, J Gamieldien, D Geiger, M Rensburg, R van Toorn, M J de Klerk, G M Hon, T Matsha, S Hassan, R T Erasmus</p><p><strong>27. Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder: Brain perfusion and psychopathology - before and after antipsychotic treatment</strong></p><p>G Jordaan, J M Warwick, D G Nel, R Hewlett, R Emsley</p><p><strong>28.'Pump and dump': Harm reduction strategies for breastfeeding while using substances</strong></p><p>L Kramer</p><p><strong>29. Adolescent neuropsychiatry - an emerging field in South African adolescent psychiatric services</strong></p><p>A Lachman</p><p><strong>30. Recovery versus remission, or what it means to be healthy for a psychiatric patient?</strong></p><p>B Latecki</p><p><strong>31. Holistic methods utilised to normalise behaviours in youth diagnosed with neuro-biochemical disorders</strong></p><p>P Macqueen</p><p><strong>32. Candidate genes and novel polymorphisms for anxiety disorder in a South African cohort</strong></p><p>N McGregor, J Dimatelis, S M J Hemmings, C J Kinnear, D Stein, V Russel, C Lochner</p><p><strong>33. Higher visual functioning</strong></p><p>A Moodley</p><p><strong>34. The effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure on trace element and antioxidant levels in rat offspring following 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal insult</strong></p><p>Z M Moosa, W M U Daniels, M V Mabandla</p><p><strong>35. Paediatric neuropsychiatric movement disorders</strong></p><p>L Mubaiwa</p><p><strong>36. The South African national female offenders study</strong></p><p>M Nagdee, L Artz, C de Clercq, P de Wet, H Erlacher, S Kaliski, C Kotze, L Kowalski, J Naidoo, S Naidoo, J Pretorius, M Roffey, F Sokudela, U Subramaney</p><p><strong>37. Neurobiological consequences of child abuse</strong></p><p>C Nemeroff</p><p><strong>38. What do Stellenbosch Unviversity medical students think about psychiatry - and why should we care?</strong></p><p>G Nortje, S Suliman, K Seed, G Lydall, S Seedat</p><p><strong>39. Neurological soft skins in Nigerian Africans with first episode schizophrenia: Factor structure and clinical correlates</strong></p><p><strong></strong>A Ojagbemi, O Esan, O Gureje, R Emsley</p><p><strong>40. Should psychiatric patients know their MTHFR status?</strong></p><p>E Peter</p><p><strong>41. Clinical and functional outcome of treatment refractory first-episode schizophrenia</strong></p><p>L Phahladira, R Emsley, L Asmal, B Chiliza</p><p><strong>42. Bioethics by case discussion</strong></p><p>W Pienaar</p><p><strong>43. Reviewing our social contract pertaining to psychiatric research in children, research in developing countries and distributive justice in pharmacy</strong></p><p>W Pienaar</p><p><strong>44. The performance of the MMSE in a heterogenous elderly South African population</strong></p><p>S Ramlall, J Chipps, A I Bhigjee, B J Pillay</p><p><strong>45. Biological basis addiction (alocohol and drug addiction)</strong></p><p>S Rataemane</p><p><strong>46. Volumetric brain changes in prenatal methamphetamine-exposed children compared with healthy unexposed controls</strong></p><p><strong></strong>A Roos, K Donald, G Jones, D J Stein</p><p><strong>47. Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the amygdala in social anxiety disorder in the context of early developmental trauma</strong></p><p>D Rosenstein, A Hess, S Seedat, E Meintjies</p><p><strong>48. Discussion of HDAC inhibitors, with specific reference to supliride and its use during breastfeeding</strong></p><p>J Roux</p><p><strong>49. Prevalence and clinical correlates of police contact prior to a first diagnosis of schizophrenia</strong></p><p>C Schumann, L Asmal, K Cloete, B Chiliza, R Emsley</p><p><strong>50. Are dreams meaningless?</strong></p><p>M Solms</p><p><strong>51. The conscious id</strong></p><p>M Solms<strong></strong></p><p><strong>52. Depression and resilience in HIV-infected women with early life stress: Does trauma play a mediating role?</strong></p><p>G Spies, S Seedat</p><p><strong>53. State of affairs analysis for forensic psychiatry in SA</strong></p><p>U Subramaney</p><p><strong>54. Escitalopram in the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder: A pilot randomised controlled trial</strong></p><p>S Suliman, S Seedat, J Pingo, T Sutherland, J Zohar, D J Stein</p><p><strong>55. Epigenetic consequences of adverse early social experiences in primates</strong></p><p>S Suomi</p><p><strong>56. Risk, resilience, and gene x environment interactions in primates</strong></p><p>S Suomi</p><p><strong>57. Biological aspects of anorexia nervosa</strong></p><p>C Szabo</p><p><strong>58. Agents used and profiles of non-fatal suicidal behaviour in East London</strong></p><p>H Uys</p><p><strong>59. The contributions of G-protein coupled receptor signalling to opioid dependence</strong></p><p>J van Tonder</p><p><strong>60. Emerging trend and innovation in PTSD and OCD</strong></p><p>J Zohar</p><p><strong>61. Making the SASOP treatment guidelines operational</strong></p><p>E Allers</p><p><strong>Poster Presentations</strong></p><p><strong>62. Neuropsychological deficits in social anxiety disorder in the context of early developmental trauma</strong></p><p><strong></strong>S Bakelaar, D Rosenstein, S Seedat</p><p><strong>63.Social anxiety disorder in patients with or without early childhood trauma: Relationship to behavioral inhibition and activation and quality of life</strong></p><p><strong></strong>S Bakelaar, C Bruijnen, A Sambeth, S Seedat</p><p><strong>64. Exploring altered affective processing in obssessive compulsive disorder symptom subtypes</strong></p><p>E Breet, J Ipser, D Stein, C Lochner<strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>65. To investigate the bias toward recognising the facial expression of disgust in obsessive compulsive disorder as well as the effect of escitalopram</strong></p><p>E Breet, J Ipser, D Stein, C Lochner</p><p><strong>66. A fatal-case of nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson's syndrome in HIV mania</strong></p><p>A Bronkhorst, Z Zingela, W M Qwesha, B P Magigaba<strong></strong></p><p><strong>67. Association of the COMT G472A (met/met) genotype with lower disability in people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis</strong></p><p>W Davis, S J van Rensburg, L Fisher, F J Cronje, D Geiger, M J Kotze</p><p><strong>68. Homocycsteine levels are associated with the fat mass and obesity associated gene FTO(intron 1 T&gt;A) polymorphism in MS patients</strong></p><p>W Davis, S J Van Rensburg, M J Kotze, L Fisher, M Jalali, F J Cronje, K Moremi, J Gamieldien, D Geiger, M Rensburg, R van Toorn, M J de Klerk, G M Hon, T Matsha, S Hassan, R T Erasmus</p><p><strong>69. Analysis of the COMT 472 G&gt;A (rs4680) polymorphism in relation to environmental influences as contributing factors in patients with schizophrenia</strong></p><p>D de Klerk, S J van Rensburg, R A Emsley, D Geiger, M Rensburg, R T Erasmus, M J Kotze</p><p><strong>70. Dietary folate intake, homocysteine levels and MTHFR mutation detection in South African patients with depression: Test development for clinical application </strong></p><p>D Delport, N vand der Merwe, R Schoeman, M J Kotze</p><p><strong>71. The use ofexome sequencing for antipsychotic pharmacogenomic applications in South African schizophrenia patients</strong></p><p>B Drogmoller, D Niehaus, G Wright, B Chiliza, L Asmal, R Emsley, L Warnich</p><p><strong>72. The effects of HIV on the ventral-striatal reward system</strong></p><p>S du Plessis, M Vink, J Joska, E Koutsilieri, C Scheller, B Spottiswoode, D Stein, R Emsley</p><p><strong>73. Xenomelia relates to asymmetrical insular activity: A case study of fMRI</strong></p><p>S du Plessis, M Vink, L Asmal</p><p><strong>74. Maternal mental helath: A prospective naturalistic study of the outcome of pregancy in women with major psychiatric disorders in an African country</strong></p><p>E du Toit, L Koen, D Niehaus, B Vythilingum, E Jordaan, J Leppanen</p><p><strong>75. Prefrontal cortical thinning and subcortical volume decrease in HIV-positive children with encephalopathy</strong></p><p>J P Fouche, B Spottiswoode, K Donald, D Stein, J Hoare</p><p><strong>76. H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites in schizophrenia</strong></p><p>F Howells, J Hsieh, H Temmingh, D J Stein</p><p><strong>77. Hypothesis for the development of persistent methamphetamine-induced psychosis</strong></p><p><strong></strong> J Hsieh, D J Stein, F M Howells</p><p><strong>78. Culture, religion, spirituality and psychiatric practice: The SASOP Spirituality and Psychiatry Special Interest Group Action Plan for 2012-2014</strong></p><p>B Janse van Rensburg</p><p><strong>79. Cocaine reduces the efficiency of dopamine uptake in a rodent model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An <em>in vivo</em> electrochemical study</strong></p><p><strong></strong>L Kellaway, J S Womersley, D J Stein, G A Gerhardt, V A Russell</p><p><strong>80. Kleine-Levin syndrome: Case in an adolescent psychiatric unit</strong></p><p>A Lachman</p><p><strong>81. Increased inflammatory stress specific clinical, lifestyle and therapeutic variables in patients receiving treatment for stress, anxiety or depressive symptoms</strong></p><p>H Luckhoff, M Kotze, S Janse van Rensburg, D Geiger</p><p><strong>82. Catatonia: An eight-case series report</strong></p><p>M Mabenge, Z Zingela, S van Wyk</p><p><strong>83. Relationship between anxiety sensitivity and childhood trauma in a random sample of adolescents from secondary schools in Cape Town</strong></p><p>L Martin, M Viljoen, S Seedat</p><p><strong>84. 'Making ethics real'. An overview of an ethics course presented by Fraser Health Ethics Services, BC, Canada</strong></p><p>JJ McCallaghan</p><p><strong>85. Clozapine discontinuation rates in a public healthcare setting</strong></p><p>M Moolman, W Esterhuysen, R Joubert, J C Lamprecht, M S Lubbe</p><p><strong>86. Retrospective review of clozapine monitoring in a publica sector psychiatric hospital and associated clinics</strong></p><p>M Moolman, W Esterhuysen, R Joubert, J C Lamprecht, M S Lubbe</p><p><strong>87. Association of an iron-related TMPRSS6 genetic variant c.2007 C&gt;7 (rs855791) with functional iron deficiency and its effect on multiple sclerosis risk in the South African population</strong></p><p>K Moremi, S J van Rensburg, L R Fisher, W Davis, F J Cronje, M Jalali Sefid Dashti, J Gamieldien, D Geiger, M Rensburg, R van Toorn, M J de Klerk, G M Hon, T Matsha, S Hassan, R T Erasmus, M Kidd, M J Kotze</p><p><strong>88. Identifying molecular mechanisms of apormophine-induced addictive behaviours</strong></p><p>Z Ndlazi, W Daniels, M Mabandla</p><p><strong>89. Effects of lifestyle factors and biochemistry on the major neck blood vessels in patients with mutiple sclerosis</strong></p><p>M Nelson, S J van Rensburg, M J Kotze, F Isaacs, S Hassan</p><p><strong>90. Nicotine protects against dopamine neurodegenration and improves motor deficits in a Parkinsonian rat model</strong></p><p>N Ngema, P Ngema, M Mabandla, W Daniels</p><p><strong>91. Cognition: Probing anatomical substrates</strong></p><p>H Nowbath</p><p><strong>92. Chronic exposure to light reverses the effects of maternal separation on the rat prefrontal cortex</strong></p><p>V Russel, J Dimatelis</p><p><strong>93. Evaluating a new drug to combat Alzheimer's disease</strong></p><p>S Sibiya, W M U Daniels, M V Mabandla</p><p><strong>94. Structural brain changes in HIV-infected women with and without childhood trauma</strong></p><p>G Spies, F Ahmed, C Fennema-Notestine, S Archibald, S Seedat</p><p><strong>95. Nicotine-stimulated release of hippocampal norepinephrine is reduced in an animal model of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: the spontaneously hypertensive rat</strong></p><p>T Sterley</p><p><strong>96. Brain-derive neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in anxiety disorders: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis</strong></p><p>S Suliman, S M J Hemmings, S Seedat</p><p><strong>97. A 12-month retrospective audit of the demographic and clinical profile of mental healthcare users admitted to a district level hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa</strong></p><p>E Thomas, K J Cloete, M Kidd, H Lategan</p><p><strong>98. Magnesium recurarization: A comparison between reversal of neuromuscular block with sugammadex v. neostigmine/ glycopyrrolate in an <em>in vivo</em> rat model</strong></p><p><strong></strong>M van den Berg, M F M James, L A Kellaway</p><p><strong>99. Identification of breast cancer patients at increased risk of 'chemobrain': Case study and review of the literature</strong></p><p>N van der Merwe, R Pienaar, S J van Rensburg, J Bezuidenhout, M J Kotze</p><p><strong>100. The protective role of HAART and NAZA in HIV Tat protein-induced hippocampal cell death</strong></p><p>S Zulu, W M U Daniels, M V Mabandla</p>

The 19th International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics (ICCT-19) took place as part of THERMO International 2006, together with the 16th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties and the 61st Calorimetry Conference, from 30 July to 4 August 2006 at the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. Dr. W. M. Haynes was President of the Executive Board of THERMO International 2006, and Drs. M. Frenkel, R. D. Chirico, and J. W. Magee were the organizers of ICCT. Overall, 768 speakers submitted the abstracts of their presentations, including about 30 students and 11 exhibitors, from 62 countries (235 from North America, 341 from Europe, 76 from Japan, and 33 from China). About 65 % of the participants were from academia and 15 % from industry, with 20 % from governmental and international organizations.These individual conferences have an overlap of areas of interest, but this was the first time that they have been held jointly at the same site. This provided a unique opportunity for researchers and practitioners worldwide to meet and discuss a broad range of scientific problems in the fields of thermodynamics and thermophysical properties for a wide variety of systems, with applications in chemistry and other scientific and engineering disciplines.After the official opening ceremony, there was an invited keynote presentation by Prof. W. A. Wakeham from the University of Southampton, Southampton, UK, entitled "Thermophysical property measurements: The journey from accuracy to fitness for purpose". The Rossini Award lecture was given by Prof. A. Navrotsky on "Calorimetry of nanoparticles, surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and multilayers".The ICCT program consisted of nine symposia, some of which were held jointly with the other conferences. The plenary lecturers and invited speakers in these symposia, and the titles of the plenary lectures, were as follows:Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Thermodynamics: J. M. Prausnitz (plenary), "Some promising frontiers in the thermodynamics of protein solutions"; C. G. Panayiotou, P. R. Tremaine, and T. Kimura (invited)Ionic Liquids: K. Seddon (plenary); "The mark of an educated mind"; L. P. N. Rebelo and C. J. Peters (invited)Molecular Modelling, Including Simulation: D. Evans (plenary), "The fluctuation and non-equilibrium free energy theorems: Theory and experiment"; H. Tanaka, J. Errington, and A. Klamt (invited)Thermochemistry and Molecular Energetics: J. A. de Sousa Martinho Simões (plenary), "Energetics of free radicals: Bridges between gas-phase and solution data"; W. E. Acree, Jr. and J. S. Chickos (invited)Thermodynamics and Properties in the Biological, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Agricultural, and Food Sectors: P. L. Privalov (plenary), "Thermodynamic problems in structural molecular biology"; J. M. Sanchez-Ruiz and H. H. Klump (invited)Databases, Data Systems, Software Applications, and Correlations: M. Satyro (plenary), "Life, data and everything"; R. L. Rowley and R. Sass (invited)Phase Equilibrium, Supercritical Fluids, and Separation Technologies: S. Sandler (plenary), "Computational quantum mechanics: An under-utilized tool for applied thermodynamics"; L. F. Vega and R. P. Danner (invited)Colloid and Interface Science: L. Piculell (plenary), "Controlling structure in associating polymer-surfactant mixtures"; H. K. Yan and K. Lohner (invited)New Materials: V. K. Pecharsky (plenary), "Structure, mechanism, and thermodynamics of novel rare-earth-based inter-metallic materials"; C. Staudt-Bickel and J. Pons (invited)The plenary lectures, with the exception of the lecture by Prof. K. Seddon, are published in this issue.There were workshops on New Experimental Techniques, with Profs. C. Schick and J. P. M. Trusler as invited speakers, on Properties and Processes for a Hydrogen-Based Economy, where Prof. C. J. Peters was the invited speaker, and on Thermodynamic Frontiers and Education, with Profs. R. N. Lichtenthaler and R. Battino as invited speakers.In addition, there was a workshop on the Thermodynamic Properties of Hydration (with Prof. V. Majer as invited speaker), software demonstrations, and two afternoon poster sessions, with over 400 posters. The sessions were held in the well-appointed Stadium Club, against the beautiful backdrop of the Flatirons to the west and the plains stretching across to the east. IUPAC had donated three poster prizes, a framed certificate signed by IUPAC President Brian Henry, a copy of the IUPAC "Gold Book" and a two-year subscription to Chemistry International. These were awarded to Martinez-Herrera Melchor (Mexico), Lisa Ott (USA), and Isabel Marrucho (Spain).Doctorate awards were presented by the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics (IACT), with sponsorship from Elsevier. The four recipients were M. Fulem (Prague, Czech Republic), Y. U. Paulechka (Minsk, Belarus), E. Asabina (Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation), and J. Xu (Trondheim, Norway). They each received a certificate, plus a cash prize of $500, and presented their papers at the conference.All the lectures demonstrated how chemical thermodynamics is making, and will continue to make, very significant contributions to the rapidly developing interdisciplinary fields such as the life sciences, new materials, medicine and pharmacy, new energy resources, the environment, separation technologies, agriculture, green chemistry, and so on. These are all extremely important issues for scientists worldwide, and particularly for those who are in developing or economically disadvantaged countries. The opportunity for face-to-face discussion and communication with scientists from developed countries was a great benefit, which will lead to further research and improved education.The weather was most pleasant for the conference. This, together with the attractive setting of the campus, the welcoming reception, the conference banquet at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the high standard of the presentations, made this a memorable conference. In addition, there was a full program of tours for accompanying persons, which included a visit to the mile-high city (Denver). Our thanks are extended to the Conference Chair and Co-chairs, and to all members of the local Organizing Committee, the members of the International Advisory Committee, and the members of the International Scientific Committee. We are most grateful to IUPAC, the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Elsevier, Honeywell, and Mettler Toledo for sponsoring THERMO International 2006.Thermodynamics will continue to be an important area of research for many years to come, with a wide range of applications from chemical engineering to the biosciences. We look forward to the presentation and discussion of the results of further advances in chemical thermodynamics at the next ICCT, which will take place in Warsaw, Poland in August 2008.John H. DymondConference Editor

In the COVID-19 pandemic era, the e-pharmacy sector has been a boon to the community at large and evolved as a revolution in the digital marketplace in India. Through e-CRM software and AI tools, the e-pharmacy web portal evolves as a blockchain technology by binding up customers’ service on one side and the admin back-office system on the other side. E-pharmacies fulfilled customers’ needs such as essentials and medicines at the customers’ doorstep. Its ease of access using a smartphone, contactless delivery at the pandemic made people purchase medicines and essentials via web platforms. The transformation to e-pharmacies over conventional pharmacies created competition in the pharma industry and brought up more startups into this field. Therefore, this paper aims to study the customers’ preference towards e-pharmacies in the pandemic era and to identify the factors influencing customers’ buying intention towards e-pharmacies for online medicine purchases in Chennai city. The primary data were collected from 100 respondents using the convenience sampling technique. The data collected through a questionnaire were analysed using Weighted average method, factor analysis and chi-square test. The findings showcase the e-pharmacy customers’ viewpoints towards the existing services and preference towards e-pharmacy health line.

Abstract: Customers can visit and purchase medications from e-pharmacies online without visiting a pharmacy. However, there are always two sides to every story. Some clients choose to buy prescription drugs online. Anyone can now purchase anything online, including groceries, clothing, and electronics, thanks to the advancement of digital technology and the expansion of ecommerce platforms. As a result, purchasing prescription medications online has emerged as the new standard during this pandemic crisis. E-pharmacies are a cutting-edge and fascinating business idea that has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector. By doing away with middlemen, these online pharmacies that are entering the Indian market want to improve the availability of pharmaceuticals. This research attempts to examine and analyze the changing trends in medicine purchases. The project's objective is to understand how customers feel about online pharmacies and whether or not they will utilize them in the future. The sample size for the study was 520, and 12 items were included in the questionnaire presented to respondents. The results show that although only 46.34 per cent of respondents currently use e-pharmacies, 89.03 per cent of respondents are willing to use them in the future. According to the survey questionnaire, contactless delivery and convenience were the main factors influencing people to buy drugs from online pharmacies. The study sample could not be typical of the overall population of India, which is the research's main flaw. Despite the gradual pace, people are starting to change how they buy drugs from online pharmacies. The COVID-19 outbreak made drug purchases through online pharmacies easier.

BACKGROUND: Healthtech has become a nascent sector of the internet economy since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Telemedicine features are facilitated, such as teleconsultation, e-diagnosis, e-prescribing, and e-pharmacy. However, the intention to use digital health services in Indonesia is still underdeveloped though the sales of other risk-free e-commerce products are high enough. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the human perception of perceived value and social influences regarding the intention to use digital health services. METHODS: Google Forms web link is employed to disseminate a set of 4-Point Likert scale questionnaires. In total, 364 complete responses are collected-back. A descriptive approach is employed to process the data using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Validity and reliability are quantified using the item total-correlation method and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. RESULTS: Only 87 respondents (24%) ever used digital health services, of which Halodoc (92%) is the most preferred application, and teleconsultation became the most popular service to access. Out of four, the average score is 3.16 for perceived value and 2.86 for the social influence dimension. CONCLUSION: Most respondents, not dependent on user experience, perceive more values obtained using digital health services, such as time and money savings, convenience, flexible order time, undiscovered identity, adventurous experience, and enjoyment. Another finding of this research proves that some social influences from family, friends, and mass media also bring effect to amplify the intention to use. A low level of trust is assumed to be the cause of a small number of users.

The introduction of new types of aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family into the culture is relevant for the enrichment of the biological diversity of the flora of the Central Polissia of Ukraine, as well as for the expansion of the raw material base of spicy-aromatic, medicinal, food, decorative, and honey-bearing plants. The purpose of this study is to find methods of propagation of aromatic plants, best sowing times and feeding areas, and to obtain phytoraw and seed materials. Research methods: laboratory, field, statistical. It was established that the best period for sowing plants of the Lamiaceae family in the conditions of the botanical garden of the Polissia National University is the third decade of April. The use of various methods of propagation proves the expediency of propagation of all annual and perennial plant species under study by seeds, and for M. didyma, S. officinalis, L. vera, and O. vulgare – also by particles, rhizomes, transplanting, and propagule. It is recommended to place S. hortensis, D. moldavica, E. cristata, H. officinalis according to the scheme of 30x45 cm, L. vera, L. anisatus, N. transcaucasica, S. officinalis – 30x50 cm, and O. vulgare, S. sclarea, M. didyma, – 40x50 cm. Among the annual species, the highest productive potential was found in D. moldavica, the above-ground mass productivity of which was 24.7±1.7 t/ha; among perennials – in H. officinalis (38.9±0.2 t/ha) and L. anisatus (44.1±0.9 t/ha). The highest yield of essential oil in terms of absolutely dry substance was found in S. officinalis (1.2%), L. vera (1.808%) and H. angustifolius (2.054%). The results of research on reproduction methods can be used for growing new species of aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae family both on homesteads and in agricultural enterprises. The most productive types of aromatic plants should be introduced into production for further use of phytoraw materials and essential oil in pharmacy, food, and other sectors of the national economy.