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Bučko, Ondrej. "Efektivní řízení technologií budov s důrazem na měření vlhkosti a koncentrace CO2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442540.
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The diploma thesis deals with automated measurement of humidity and CO2 concentration inside buildings. Results of this measurement form the input parameters for the effective management of technologies reducing the energy performance of buildings. In the introduction, the issue of indoor air quality of buildings and indicators characterizing this quality are approached. The technical part of the thesis consists of making a measuring device which contains two prototype sensors provided by Teco Inc. with online access to measured data. The measurement of relative humidity, CO2 concentration and temperature in the interior of the building with the made device is compared with commercially available devices for measuring selected parameters. For unambiguous interpretation of online data, the virtual machine with an online database is configured for the created measuring device. The possibilities of using the prepared measuring device to achieve a reduction in the energy performance of buildings are discussed in the final part.
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Kim, Bo Young. "Building a design team management model for effective corporate design management." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479438.
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Bather, Sebastian N. S. (Sebastian Neville Sven). "Building and sustaining effective relational contracts in multinational firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80688.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).<br>The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how complex interactions in organizational transactions and behavior can be better understood by using theory related to relational contracts. Further, given this understanding, suggestions are made as to how firms can increase competitive advantage by building and sustaining better relational contracts in their organizations.<br>by Sebastian N.S. Bather.<br>S.M.
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Kwaye, Alphonse Shefa. "Effective Strategies for Building Trust in Virtual Teams." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5740.
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Virtual teams often fail to achieve their objectives because virtual team leaders lack strategies for nurturing trust among dispersed team members. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies virtual team leaders in large corporate banks use to build trust among virtual team members. The population of this study included 6 virtual team leaders from a large corporate bank located in the northeast region of the United States. The interpersonal trust theory was the conceptual framework of this study. Data were collected via semistructured telephone interviews and review of company documents. The data analysis process included content analysis and thematic analysis for theme identification. Data analysis revealed four themes related to strategies that leaders of virtual teams can use to build trust among team members: reliable technology, effective communication, teamwork and participation, and respect for people and culture. A fifth theme emerged related to barriers to trust strategies. The implications for positive social change include the potential to improve work environments for virtual team members isolated because of the absence of a social context.
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Priebe, Torsten. "Building integrative enterprise knowledge portals with semantic Web technologies." Berlin : Aka, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2745741&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Pinfold, Laura. "Innovative practices for effective management of building production processes within urban centres." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2173.
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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.<br>Urbanisation and globalisation are the foremost trends propelling the growth and development of cities and towns in the world today. The Cape Town central business district is an example of an urban centre that is required to deal with rapid urbanisation. The increasing number of inner-city developments evoked the congested construction sites and are rapidly becoming the norm within the industry. Innovative building production management is crucial in driving productivity which includes reducing cost at all stages, from planning to completion. However, from several literatures, construction firms are not significantly proactive towards innovative technology that could enhance the efficient delivery of building production. The improved building production management is advancing at a slow pace both in South Africa and internationally. Hence, this research analyse the strategies that could significantly enhance current building production processes and establish the effective management systems that could enhance efficient building production in the urban centres. Innovative methods of stimulating building production processes are needed to ensure that building projects are completed within timeframes and budgets. The research method is both quantitative and qualitative using surveys for data collection. This type of research aims to record an accurate and adequate description of the problem statement and the sub-question. Data for the study are collected through observations, semi-structured and unstructured qualitative interviews and quantitative close-ended questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders working in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. This research focuses on the City of Cape Town to gain an understanding of the dynamics of innovation in building production processes within the building industry. The population of this research include building project managers, registered contractors as well as consultants. Quantitative data obtained from the structured questionnaire design was analysed with descriptive statistics, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software 21 and content analysis are used to analyse the qualitative data obtained through interviewees.
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Rowlands, Adrian Stanley. "Effective collaboration in construction : the importance of managing power." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6835/.
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The search to find new ways of improving performance in the construction industry led to the introduction of collaborative working and, after fifteen years the question is has this approach delivered the expected improvements. The management of collaborative relationships is often underpinned by trust as a governance mechanism. However, owing to the practical problems of operating in the public sector combined, with the natural disposition of human behavior, the risk of opportunism and exploitation remains, requiring additional governance mechanisms to be put in place. However these mechanisms can only be realised if there is a position of strong buyer power. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to consider what impact buyer / supplier power has on collaboration and the consequent benefits delivered. Research has been carried out on a case study involving four projects from the Birmingham Construction Partnership using interviews and a questionnaire. It was found that levels of collaboration were not affected by marginal differences in power, but rather by agency factors and trust. However, the conclusion drawn is that the buyer must retain a strong position of power in order to ensure the buyer obtains a good apportionment of value generated by collaboration.
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Ngan, Chiu Chung. "Is mediation an effective alternative dispute resolution method to resolve building management disputes?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22446072a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW 6409 dissertation." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Akinyede, Imisioluseyi Julius. "Framework for effective management of cost constraint on building project delivery in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1063.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree
Master of Technology (Construction Management)
In the Faculty of Engineering
2014<br>According to findings presented in literature, construction projects are restrained within budgeted cost. Hence, the operational system is challenged within prohibitive cost limits to deliver projects at a stipulated time and at a satisfactory quality. This has prompted the intention of establishing effective management of cost constraint on building project delivery in South Africa. Data for the main study were collected through observations, semi-structured and unstructured qualitative interviews and quantitative close-ended questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders working in the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Findings are that the following are factors that affect cost during building production process: additional works without contractual procedure, inadequate co-ordination of design phase and construction phase during production by project managers, financial mismanagement, frequent changes in design, cost of materials in the market, fluctuation of price of materials. Additional findings are proper monitoring and controlling at stages during production, procurement of competent contractors and subcontractors, involvement of experienced professionals in production, proper briefing by the client during production process, targeting quality during production, prompt decision taking during production, and the establishment of effective communication systems on site during production, frequent changes in building design by the client during production affect construction cost; frequent changes in building design during production cause rework; changes in building design during construction caused by errors and omissions detected affects quality of project delivered; and specification due to procurement of new materials during construction causes changes in building design, labour productivities, wrong planning for machine usage on site, late delivery of equipment during production and unanticipated increases in prices of building materials. Late delivery of materials also affects production process. Regular meetings on site will promote efficient productivities of human resources, team work on site during production, general progress reports on site during production, projects schedule/timetable for production and work programmes for site activities.
The study concluded by recommending that proper adoption of these findings by the South African construction stakeholders during production processes will enhance delivery of building projects at reduced construction resources, at the standard of quality expected, at the time stipulated, at the budgeted cost specified, and to the satisfaction of the client. Interest will be achieved as illustrated under each objective of the research study. This research recommends further investigation of the effects of building material supply management during production processes in the South African construction industry.
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Zhang, Kaiying. "Studying building behaviors by using the Building Management System of a new teaching building : A study case of a school building in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Hållbara byggnader, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278537.
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Building management system (BMS) offers a wide range of measurements and historical data about the building but few types of researches use these data to analyze the building performance. This study aims to explore the indoor climate and building insulation by taking advantage of the BMS of the study case, which 767 sensors are installed in the room and wall structures and the signal data are available at the online web application. In addition, during the inspection, several error sensors and meters are detected are discussed as feedback for the system. It is concluded that the building management system is a good tool to study the building performance in different aspects and the measurements from the sensors are helpful but need validation by conducting a further field measurement in the building.
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Rabbi, Ahm Fazle. "Mobile advertisement : a model for designing personalised visual ads for effective brand memory building." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2011. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/3004/.
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Lowry, Jonathan E. "The Language of Team: Building a lexicon integrating multiple disciplines for effective project management." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306499898.
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Gogia, Ashish. "Towards a Zero - Energy Smart Building with Advanced Energy Storage Technologies." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1470427921.
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Shaikh, Ishrat. "Virtual Team Management in Construction Projects and the role of BIM : A study of challenges faced by construction projects in managing virtual teams distributed globally." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235695.
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Cano, Jorge C. "Effective energy conservation and management in the building sector : the answer to the energy predicament." FIU Digital Commons, 1985. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1995.
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Modern civilization has developed principally through man's harnessing of forces. For centuries man had to rely on wind, water and animal force as principal sources of power. The advent of the industrial revolution, electrification and the development of new technologies led to the application of wood, coal, gas, petroleum, and uranium to fuel new industries, produce goods and means of transportation, and generate the electrical energy which has become such an integral part of our lives.
The geometric growth in energy consumption, coupled with the world's unrestricted growth in population, has caused a disproportionate use of these limited natural resources. The resulting energy predicament could have serious consequences within the next half century unless we commit ourselves to the philosophy of effective energy conservation and management.
National legislation, along with the initiative of private industry and growing interest in the private sector has played a major role in stimulating the adoption of energy-conserving laws, technologies, measures, and practices. It is a matter of serious concern in the United States, where ninety-five percent of the commercial and industrial facilities which will be standing in the year 2000 - many in need of retrofit - are currently in place.
To conserve energy, it is crucial to first understand how a facility consumes energy, how its users' needs are met, and how all internal and external elements interrelate. To this purpose, the major thrust of this report will be to emphasize the need to develop an energy conservation plan that incorporates energy auditing and surveying techniques. Numerous energy-saving measures and practices will be presented ranging from simple no-cost opportunities to capital intensive investments.
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Schmitt, Heinz-Ulrich. "Effective model building for strategic planning : a knowledge-based system for enhanced model and knowledge management /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl. [u.a.], 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007337513&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Lagerqvist, Ove. "Patch loading : resistance of steel girders subjected to concentrated forces." Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 1995. http://epubl.luth.se/avslutade/0348-8373/159/index.html.
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Ahlgren, Ahlgren, and Alexander Ekblad. "Förvaltande byggherrars inställning till BIM." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37301.
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Madden, Jennifer R. "The Collaboration Blueprint: Designing and Building Effective Strategies for Innovation and Rejuvenative Collaboration." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427799769.
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Matallaoui, Amir [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Zarnekow, Rüdiger [Gutachter] Zarnekow, and Andreas [Gutachter] Eckhardt. "Leveling up gamification: technologies & strategies for more effective gamification design / Amir Matallaoui ; Gutachter: Rüdiger Zarnekow, Andreas Eckhardt ; Betreuer: Rüdiger Zarnekow." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118783064X/34.
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Adebowale, Oluseyi Julius. "Framework for effective management of the construction workforce towards enhancement of labour efficiency during the building production process in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1065.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Construction Management in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014<br>The study investigates the predominant factors that adversely affect the efficiency of construction labour in the South African construction industry.
There is a significant number of studies on construction labour efficiency and productivity. Nonetheless, construction labour efficiency in developed and developing nations is widely reported to be inadequate, and thus adversely impacts the delivery of construction projects. Adequate utilisation of basic construction resources (construction materials and machinery) is significantly dependent on the efficiency of human assets in the construction industry. Hence, the utilisation of construction resources to achieve project objectives in the construction sector cannot be disconnected from the efficiency of construction employees. As a result, the study identified five objectives directed towards improving the efficiency of employees in the construction industry. The first objective identified construction-related factors affecting construction workers’ efficiency; the second objective highlighted design-related factors reducing the efficiency of construction labour; the third identified the impact of construction resources on construction labour efficiency; and the fourth ascertained the external factors affecting the efficiency of human assets in the construction industry. Finally, the last objective is directed towards developing a framework for improving the efficiency of the South African construction workforce.
The research adopted a mixed methodological approach, utilising a quantitative questionnaire completed by construction professionals (architects, quantity surveyors, site engineers, project managers, contract managers and site manager). Due to the high level of awareness of site supervisors on labour performance in construction, the quantitative data obtained from construction professionals was subsequently validated using semi-structured interviews with site supervisors. The research questionnaire was designed to elicit the perceptions of construction professionals on various identified factors affecting construction workers’ efficiency on Gauteng and Western Cape construction sites in South Africa.
With the aid of 35 unstructured questionnaire surveys, an exploratory study was undertaken within construction firms in Cape Town to ensure the validity of research instruments, where the inputs and comments of respondents were duly considered in formulating the questionnaire for the main study. In the main study, two hundred and sixty-five (265) questionnaires were administered via hand-delivered and electronic mail to construction professionals in the Western Cape and Gauteng
provinces, South Africa. Sixty-two (62) questionnaires (23.39%) were duly completed, returned and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Cronbach's alpha coefficient reliability test was subsequently conducted on scaled research questions to ensure reliability of the research questionnaire.
The findings revealed that the major factors contributing to the shortfall of construction workers’ performance include; missing details in architectural working drawings, the communication ability of site managers, site managers’ coordinating skills, the effect of strikes on construction operations, the planning ability of site managers, slow response of architects to drawing questions, slow response of structural engineers to drawing questions, construction skills of site supervisors and, finally, shortages of construction materials. Improved construction productivity is a product of construction labour efficiency and enables the achievement of construction project objectives. Therefore, an adequate implementation of the framework presented in this study will not only enhance construction labour efficiency and heighten construction productivity during building production process, but will also increase the satisfaction of construction stakeholder on Gauteng and Western Cape construction projects.
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Borgenstam, Sebastian. "Livscykelanalys och ekonomisk kalkyl av två KL-bjälklag." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172272.
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Sammanfattning Inom husbyggnad sker en ständig utveckling i form av nya material och innovativa tekniska lösningar. Viljan att minska vårt koldioxidavtryck är påtaglig i världen. Trä är ett miljövänligt råmaterial och skog är en stor resurstillgång vi har i Sverige. Korslimmat trä är ett massivträ med goda hållfasthetsegenskaper som har gjort det möjligt att bygga större än någonsin tidigare i trä. Syftet med detta projekt var att optimera utformningen av byggnadsstommar i bostadshus med avseende på ekonomisk kostnad och miljöpåverkan uttryckt i koldioxidutsläpp. I denna studie jämfördes två olika bjälklagsutformningar båda med en bärande stomme i korslimmat trä. Jämförelsen skedde utifrån livscykelanalyser och ekonomiska kalkyler. Studien omfattade delen av livscykeln som kallas ”vagga till grind”. Tjockleken för den bärande KL-skivan i denna studie var 230 mm. Bortsett från den skiljde sig bjälklagen både på under- och översidan av skivan. Ena bjälklaget var uppbyggt med ett regelsystem tillverkat av Granab AB. Det andra bjälklaget var uppbyggt med makadam och ett tjockt lager spackel. Det var den väsentliga skillnaden i uppbyggnad av bjälklagen. Konstruktionen skiljde sig även vid anslutningen mellan vägg och bjälklag. För att uppnå Boverkets ljudkraven med Granab-bjälklaget tvingades det placeras en ljudlist längs alla väggar där det ansluter mot bjälklaget. För det bjälklaget med makadam var detta inte nödvändigt för att uppnå ljudkraven vilket enkelt kan förklaras med tyngden av makadam och spackel. I studien användes Östra Station Kvarter A i Umeå som referensobjekt. Detta kvarter ska uppföras av Balticgruppen AB och var under studien fortfarande i projekteringsstadiet. Resultatet av jämförelsen blev att Makadam-bjälklaget hade 22,9 procent lägre ekonomisk kostnad än Granab-bjälklaget. Däremot hade Granab-bjälklaget 9 procent lägre miljöpåverkan.<br>Abstract In building construction, there is a constant development in new materials and innovative technical solutions. The desire to reduce our carbon footprint is evident in the world and wood is a sustainable raw material. Forests is one of the big resources we have in Sweden. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a massive wood with high load-bearing capacity and stiffness has made it possible to build larger than ever before in wood. The question now is how to optimize the use of this environmentally friendly material. In this study, two different floor slabs with a supporting frame in cross-laminated timber were compared. To be able to compare CO2 consumption, Life Cycle Assessment was used and for the costs, economic calculations was built. The study covered part of the life cycle known as "cradle-to-gate". The thickness of the CLT slab was 230 mm. Apart from the slab, the beams differed both above and beneath the slab. One of the floor slabs was constructed with a subfloor system manufactured by Granab AB. The other floor slab was constructed with macadam and a thick layer of putty. That was the significant difference in the construction of the floor slab. There was also a differed connection between the walls and floor slabs. To achieve Boverket sound requirements, an elastic interlayer had to be placed along all the walls where it connects to the floor slab with subfloor system. For the joists with macadam, this was not necessary to achieve the sound requirements, which can easily be explained by the weight of macadam and putty. In the study, Östra Station Kvarter A in Umeå was used as a reference object. These buildings are to be built by Balticgruppen AB and during the study were still in the design stage. As a result of the comparison, the Macadam joists had a 22.9 percent lower economic cost than Granab, while the subfloor system-joists had a 9 percent lower environmental impact.
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Meixner, Timothy. "The Role of Trust in Building Effective Virtual Teams: A Mixed Methods Study in a Large Public Sector Organization." Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank1551994734525517.
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Lundström, Arvid. "Jämförelse av stabiliseringssystem : En undersökning av två olika horisontalstabiliseringssystem. Hur skiljer de sig åt?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160873.
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Byggnadskonstruktioner utsätts inte bara för vertikala laster, utan även horisontella. Dessa härstammar framförallt från naturens vind, men även stötbelastningar eller excentriciteter av olika slag. För att säkerställa en byggnads stabilitet måste dessa hanteras, och då kan olika horisontalstabiliseringsmetoder tillämpas. I detta projektarbete riktades fokus på två av dessa. Den ena med stabiliserande diagonaler som överför sidokrafterna via ett diagonalt element. Den andra metoden förlitar sig på momentstyva pelarfötter som förhindrar vinkeländring mellan konstruktionsdelarna. Structor Bygg Umeå AB har tidigare projekterat en besiktningshall med en bärande limträstomme. De använde den förstnämnda horisontalstabiliseringsmetoden med diagonaler. Konsultbolaget ville dock veta hur resultatet hade blivit vid nyttjande av den andra horisontalstabiliseringsmetoden. I detta projektarbete dimensionerades därför två nya limträstommar. Den ena limträstommen med stabiliserande diagonaler, och den andra med momentstyva pelarfötter. Samma längder, bredder, höjder samt lutningar användes från den redan befintliga limträstommen. Horisontalstabilisering med momentstyva pelarfötter används sällan. Detta beror främst på känsligheten för icke-linjära effekter. Den första frågeställningen detta projektarbete då behandlar är om det överhuvudtaget är möjligt att använda sig av metoden för limträstommen i fråga. Dessutom var det av intresse att jämföra dimensioner på pelare, infästningar samt grundkonstruktion. På så vis kan eventuella kostnadsskillnader uppskattas. Detta utgör projektarbetets andra frågeställning. Limträstommen med diagonaler jämfördes mot den med momentstyva pelarfötter. Pelarvolymen ökade med 141 procent och betongplintvolymen med 181 procent. Pelarinfästningarna blev också större och krävde fler spikar. Att använda momentstyva pelarfötter som horisontalstabilisering var därför i detta fall inte ekonomiskt. Dessutom tog pelarna endast mer plats vilket talade emot den praktiska effekten av metoden. Däremot uppnådde limträstommen kraven för både brottgränstillstånd och bruksgränstillstånd, vilket talade för att möjligheten faktiskt finns.<br>Various constructions are not only exposed to vertical loads, but also horizontal ones. These mainly origin from the wind caused by nature, but also shock loads, different types of eccentricities as well as earthquakes. To make sure of the stability in a building these must be handled. For this, different types of methods for horizontal stabilization can be used. In this project, two specific methods will be focused on. One with stabilizing diagonals, which transfers horizontal loads via diagonal elements through the construction. The other method relies on rigid torque feet for a column, which prevents the angel between construction parts from changing. Structor Bygg Umeå AB has previously projected an inspection hall with a supporting glulam body. For this, they used the first mentioned method for horizontal stabilization based on diagonals. However, the consultant company wanted to know about the result of using the other method for stabilizing. Therefore, in this project, two new glulam bodies were dimensioned. One with the stabilizing diagonals and the other with rigid torque feet for the columns. The same lengths, widths, heights and angels were from the already existing glulam body. Stabilization with rigid torque feet for columns I rarely used. This is mainly because of the sensitivity for non-linear effects. For that reason, the first question at issue for this project is if it is possible to use this method for stabilizing whatsoever. Can the glulam body satisfy the requirements in ultimate stress limit and serviceable stress limit? It is also of interest to compare dimensions of columns, attachments and the foundation. That way eventual differences in cost can be estimated. This represents the second question at issue for the project. The glulam body with stabilizing diagonals was compared to the one with rigid torque feet for the columns. The volume of columns increased by 141 percent and the volume of concrete footstall by 181 percent. The column attachments also got bigger required more nails. Using rigid torque feet for columns were therefore not very economic. The columns also took more physical space which contradicts the practical effects of the stabilizing method. However, the glulam body reached the requirements for both ultimate stress limit as well as serviceable stress limit, which means that the possibility exists.
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Fröding, Albin, and Eric Larsson. "Förändringar i tid- och resursplanering vid gjutning med slaggbetong." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50347.
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Syfte: Genom att ersätta en del av cementen med tillsatsmaterial såsom flygaska eller mald granulerad masugnsslagg (MGMS) kan en betong med minskat utsläpp av koldioxid (CO2) uppnås. Dessa tillsatsmaterial reagerar långsammare en rent cement vilket leder till en försämrad hållfasthet de första dygnen. Enligt en studie från Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF) sker uttorkningen annorlunda jämfört med traditionell betong. Då hållfasthetstillväxt och uttorkning kan påverka planeringen är därför målet med studien att utreda hur tid- och resursplaneringen för företag förändras vid övergången från gjutning med traditionell betong till slaggbetong för att underlätta framtida planering. Metod: Rapporten är en kvalitativ studie som grundar sig i tidigare forskning inom ämnet. De valda undersökningsmetoderna är litteraturstudie, fallstudie, dokumentanalys och intervjuer. Den huvudsakliga datainsamlingstekniken har varit semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: Studien konstaterar att metoden och arbetsgången för tid- och resursplanering av gjutning med slaggbetong inte förändras jämfört med traditionell betong. Slaggbetong har en lägre hållfasthetstillväxt de första dygnen men planeras detta för i tidigt skede påverkas ej produktionen. Någon form av kortare utbildning för produktionschefer kan behövas för att underlätta övergången till att gjuta med slaggbetong. Konsekvenser: Arbetet belyser vikten i att planera i ett tidigt skede. En god kommunikation med kund, betongleverantör och fuktsakkunniga skapar förutsättningar för ett lyckat projekt med slaggbetong. Organisationer som ska börja använda sig av slaggbetong bör hålla någon form av utbildning och ha ett system för erfarenhetsåterföring. Att skapa ett engagemang från medarbetare är viktigt för att snabbare implementera nya material. Begränsningar: Studien är avgränsad till att endast undersöka en organisation hur de hanterar skillnader i tid- och resursplanering vid gjutning med slaggbetong. Intervjuerna berör endast tjänstemän och på grund av begränsad tid och arbetets omfattning berörs inte tekniska egenskaper, ekonomiska faktorer eller miljöanalyser. Resultaten från studien kan inte appliceras på alla organisationer då olika företag hanterar frågan om nya material och hållbarhet på olika sätt.
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Akande, Sodiq. "Selecting the Most Effective Energy Modeling Tool Based on a Project Requirement." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3472.
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Building energy usage can be derived and controlled by performing building energy modeling. BEM can be performed using numerous software tools such as DesignBuilder, OpenStudio, EnergyPlus etc. These modeling tools can be sorted into three different modeling categories: Black-box, Gray-box and White-box. It is important for a modeler to be able to quickly select the proper tool from the proper category to meet the need of the project. To validate the method of categorizing tools, the three models generated using tools from each category and the modeling outputs required were compared. Each model was designed to estimate the amount of heat transfer through building envelope elements. All the modeling tools were able to generate the required output, therefore, the method for selecting the most effective tool will be based on the output requirements and the time it takes to build the model, time it takes to generate the output and interpret the output.
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Glad, Torbjörn. "Effective urban planning through a - Process-oriented approach." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147651.
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My point in this essay has been to look beyond the regulations governing urban develop-ment - this by focusing on how the laws are interpreted and translated into physical action. Is there room for a more effective organization of urban development? By studying how Nacka municipality in Stockholm County has organized its urban con-struction process has three distinct areas with scope for efficiency improvements been identified. The political role in urban development Increased public dialogue at an early stage in urban development process. Focus political control towards this vision, the early stages and conceptual planning of urban construction. Reduce the number of political detail decisions during the planning process. Purify the division of responsibility between management and policy. Urban planning as a process City development is a process, with several stages. This should be reflected in the planning organization and management. The vision phase before the formal planning process begins and management stage after the implementation stage ends should be more closely integrated into the ur-ban planning process. Knowledge management in urban development Ensure that the right conditions are organizationally for a structured experience- reversal work - regarding quality and IT support, resources, incentives, and under-standing of the importance of the individual to the whole.<br>Min utgångspunkt i denna uppsats har varit att titta bortom regelverken som styr stadsbyg-gandet - detta genom att fokusera på hur lagarna tolkas och omsätts till fysisk handling. Finns det utrymme för en effektivare organisation av stadsbyggandet och dess ingående processer? Genom att studera hur framförallt Nacka kommun har organiserat sin stadsbyggnadspro-cess har tre avgränsade områden med utrymme för effektivisering kunnat utpekas. Den politiska rollen i stadsbyggandet Ökad medborgardialog i tidiga skeden i stadsbyggandet. Fokusera den politiska styrningen mot visionen, tidiga skeden och översiktliga pla-nering av stadsbyggandet. Minska antalet politiska detaljbeslut under planprocessen. Renodla ansvarsfördel-ningen mellan förvaltning och politiken. Stadsbyggandet som en process Stadsbyggandet är en process, med flera ingående skeden. Detta bör speglas i stadsbyggandes organisation och styrning. Idéskedet innan den formella planprocessen börjar och förvaltningsskedet efter ge-nomförandeskedets slut, bör i större utsträckning integreras i stadsbyggnadsproces-sen. Erfarenhetsåterföring i stadsbyggandet Säkerställ att rätt förutsättningar finns organisatoriskt för ett strukturerat erfaren-hetsåterföringsarbete – gällande kvalitets- och IT-stöd, resurser, incitament och för-ståelse av individens betydelse för helheten.
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Isaksson, Frida, and Julia Dahlberg. "Att dimensionera balkonger : Svårigheter, begränsningar och dimensionsskillnader för trä och stål." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184773.
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During 1965 - 1974, Sweden had a project which included constructions of real estates, called the million program. In total Sweden produced over a million different dwellings and some of them are now in need of different types of renovations, there among the balconies. Also, a way to increase the value for real estates is to add a balcony. This bachelor thesis will examine two constructions of balconies, one made of timber and the other of steel. The purpose with this work is to dimension two constructions and state the difficulties, dimension differences and possible restrictions considering the choice of material. Beside from the dimensioning process, the material costs will be compared. Furthermore, the report will examine if a building and demolition permit is required for the new constructions. The aim with the report is to state the pros and cons for each contructions and state the price differences. The dimensioning is made by hand based calculations, according to EKS 11 and Eurocode. To estimate the cost differences the program Bidcon is used. The balconies are designed in two different sizes but the dimensioning process is based on the larger balcony which is 7x2 m. The construction made of timber is designed with columns. To the columns, two joists are connected to hold the secondary beams. The floor decking is connected directly to the beams and the maximum height is 370 mm. The deflection can be challenging due to the material properties for timber. Timber is to prefer when it is exposed for compression load instead of tension, also due to the variety of the material properties. Except for the deflection, difficulties with the material is that it is sensitive to water and needs a specific surface treatment. The steel construction is designed with three columns connected directly to the facade. A UPE-profile is connected to the columns and represents the balcony’s shorter side. On top of the UPE-profile’s flange a L-profile is placed and will complete the frame of the balcony. Inside the frame HEA-profiles are placed which the floor decking will be connected to. The construction will have a total height of 140 mm. An advantage for steel is that it is a homogeneous material with the same capacity in all directions. Although steel is usually heavier and more expensive than timber. Steel also needs a surface treatment because it is sensitive to water and fire. However, the steel construction is to prefer when larger span is used and with limited space between the floors. The result shows that the construction made of timber is more cost effective, 45 % compared to the steel construction. For these constructions both building and demolition permit is required.
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Dahir, Mohamed. "Invändig eller Utvändig tilläggsisolering av ett flerbostadshus- LCC analys av optimal isoleringstjocklekar : Fallstudie på Sicksackvägen 39 i Gävle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24715.
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Stadsdelen Sätra som ligger 3 km norr om Gävle centrum uppfördes undermiljonprogrammet mellan 1960-1974. Det är enkelt och ta sig till och från Sätramed både fordon, cykel och till fots. AB Gavlegårdarna har tagit initiativ till attrenovera deras byggnadsbestånd som uppfördes under miljonprogrammet istadsdelen Sätra, däribland Sicksackvägen 39. Byggnaden har byggts 1969 ifunktionalistisk stil i närheten av Sätra Centrum.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka den kostnadsoptimala isoleringstjocklenvid invändig eller utvändig tilläggsisolering av husets ytterväggar. Med hänsyn tillandra åtgärder som AB Gavlegårdarna vill genomföra vid renovering av denbefintliga byggnaden.För att genomföra denna studie har en okulärbesiktning, litteraturstudie,beräkningar, uppmätningar, undersökningar, samt energisimulering utförts. Därpåjämfördes lönsamheten vid tilläggsisolering med optimala isoleringstjocklekeninvändigt respektive utvändigt.Resultatet av denna studie visar att de komponenter i husets klimatskärm somläcker mest värme är ytterväggar och fönster. Med hänsyn taget till derenoveringsåtgärder som AB Gavlegårdarna ska genomföra blir den optimalaisoleringstjockleken invändigt är 45 mm och utvändigt 170 mm. Den åtgärd som germest lönsamhet är tilläggsisolering utvändigt med 170 mm mineralull i kombinationmed AB Gavlegårdarnas renoveringsåtgärder: fönsterbyte och uppgradering avventilationssystemet till FTX.
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Blomberg, Emil, Simon Boqvist, and Markus Lauridsen. "Tvärkraftsförstärkning av limträ med inlimmade gängstänger." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29683.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur tvärkraftskapaciteten i limträ påverkades om den förstärktes med inlimmade gängstänger samt att studera samverkan mellan limträ och gängstänger. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att ta del av tidigare forskning. Förstärkning av tvärkraftskapaciteten hos limträbalkar är ett område där begränsad forskning skett. Ahlskog och Ross (2015) berörde detta område om hur limträ förstärkts mot tvärkraftbrott med pålimmade träribbor på utsidan. Resultatet från Ahlskog och Ross (2015) visade att deras förstärkningsmetod medförde en ökad tvärkraftskapacitet på 11 %. Denna studie var en vidareutveckling på Ahlskog och Ross (2015) arbete men med en ny förstärkningsmetod med inlimmade gängstänger i olika vinklar mot fiberriktningen. Testet bestod av fem olika provserier med åtta prover i varje serie. Provserie 1 var oförstärkt. Provserie 2 och 4 var förstärkta med inlimmade gänstänger i två olika vinklar mot fiberriktningen och testades med avseende för tvärkraftkapaciteten och jämfördes mot den oförstärkta. Provserie 3 och 5 var förstärkta på samma sätt som provserie 2 och 4 men provbitarna var klyvda i mitten och testades med avseende på gängstängernas hållfasthet och jämfördes mot provserie 2 och 4 för att undersöka samverkan. Provbitarna skruvades fast i två anhåll som placerades i tryckprovmaskinen som utsatte provbitarna med belastning tills brott inträffade. Maskinen var kopplad till en dator som registrerade samtliga värden i maskinens datorprogram Trapezium X. Studien resulterade i en ökning av tvärkraftkapaciteten på 13 % för provserie 2 förstärkt 45° och 1,0 % för provserie 4 förstärkt 90° jämfört med provserie 1. Samverkan mellan limträ och gängstänger resulterade i 32 % samverkan för provserie 2 förstärkt 45° och 4 % samverkan för provserie 4 förstärkt 90°. Resultatet hade förbättrats och visat en tydligare ökning av tvärkraftskapaciteten om fler felkällor hade beaktats i ett tidigare skede. En av dessa felkällor var torrsprickor, vilket resulterade i att provbitarna gav ett lägre värde gentemot de teoretiska beräkningarna.
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Hellsing, Johanna, and Sara Mård. "Bostadshus från Miljonprogrammet med påbyggnad i trä : En jämförelse mellan KL-träelement och BoKlok-moduler ur bärighets- och klimatsynpunkt." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68693.
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Klimatförändringar och höga koldioxidutsläpp är idag några av vår tids stora utmaningar. Byggbranschen är en stor bidragande faktor till utsläppen och i Sverige står branschen för 10 miljoner ton koldioxidutsläpp per år. Det är lika mycket som alla personbilar i landet genererar varje år. En stor del av utsläppen kan kopplas till val av material som används i en byggnad. Att använda trä istället för andra stommaterial ger lägre koldioxidutsläpp eftersom trä binder kol under hela dess livstid. Andra utmaningar är bostadsbrist, urbanisering och förtätning av städerna. Bostadsbristen finns idag över hela landet och Boverket bedömer att ca 700 000 nya bostäder behöver byggas inom de kommande 10 åren. En del av lösningen kan vara att renovera gamla byggnader och i samband med renoveringen bygga på våningsplan för att skapa fler bostäder. Att dessutom använda trä vid dessa påbyggnader är fördelaktigt både ur klimatsynpunkt och bärighet, eftersom trä är ett lätt stommaterial. Problematiken med både klimatförändringarna och stadsförtätningen går hand i hand med Skanskas mål och visioner inför framtiden, och detta examenarbete skrivs i samarbete med dem. Ett av Skanskas renoveringsprojekt kommer att vara referensbyggnad för studien. Byggnaden är en betongkonstruktion från miljonprogrammets tid och ligger i Södertälje utanför Stockholm. Idag genomför Skanska en totalrenovering samt bygger på en våning med trästomme. Syftet med studien var att belysa fördelarna med att använda trä som stommaterial för påbyggnader, både ur klimat- och konstruktionssynpunkt. Målet med studien var att ta fram ett underlag där antalet teoretiska våningsplan samt genererat koldioxidutsläpp för de olika påbyggnadsalternativen redovisas. Frågor som besvarades under detta arbete var vilket stomalternativ i trä som teoretiskt sett möjliggör flest antal våningsplan vid påbyggnad av en befintlig byggnad. Även vilket av stomalternativen som ger upphov till lägst klimatpåverkan i form av utsläpp av koldioxidekvivalenter besvarades. Stomalternativen som studerades var planelement av korslimmat trä, KL-trä, från Martinsons samt BoKlok-moduler som är volymelement av träregelstomme från Skanska och IKEA. Klimatpåverkan för de olika stomalternativen studerades utifrån systemgräns A1-A4 som beskriver utsläppen från produktframställning samt transporterna från leverantör till byggarbetsplats. StruSoft FEM-Design har använts för att modellera den befintliga betongbyggnaden. De två olika påbyggnaderna har placerats ut i form av linjelaster ovanpå modellen. Hållfasthetsberäkningar och kontroller har genomförts för de olika påbyggnaderna. Detta för att fastställa betongkonstruktionens och markens bärighet samt storlek av påverkande laster. Resultatet visade att den befintliga byggnaden klarar en påbyggnad med fem våningar av såväl KL-träelement som BoKlok-moduler. Dock är KL-trä tyngre. Ur klimatsynpunkt är påbyggnaden av KL-trä det alternativ som genererar minst koldioxidutsläpp sett till materialframställning och transporter.<br>Climate change and large carbon dioxide emissions are a few of today's major challenges, and the construction industry is a major contributing factor to these emissions. In Sweden, the industry accounts for 10 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions each year, which is equal to the emissions from all passenger cars in the country per year. A large part of the emissions can be traced to the materials in a building. By using wood instead of other materials, the emissions can be reduced since wood binds coal throughout its lifetime. Other challenges today are housing shortage, urbanization and urban densification. Housing shortage is an issue throughout Sweden, and the Swedish National Board of Housing estimates that approximately 700,000 new homes need to be built within the next 10 years. A part of the solution may be to renovate old buildings and, in addition to renovations, adding floors to create more housing. Additionally, using wood in these superstructures is beneficial both from a climate perspective and because wood is a lightweight material. The challenges of climate change and urban densification is in accordance with Skanska's goals and visions for the future. This report is written in collaboration with Skanska and we are looking closer at one of the company's projects in this study. The building is a concrete construction from the so called Million Programme and is located in Södertälje outside of Stockholm. Skanska is carrying out a complete renovation of the building and is adding a wood-framed top floor.The purpose of this degree project was to highlight how the choice of material can affect the emissions from future build-up projects. The purpose was also to develop a basis where the number of theoretical floor plans and the generated carbon dioxide emissions for the two alternatives are presented. Questions answered in this report were which alternative of the wooden construction that theoretically make the most amount of floors possible when building onto an existing building. Which one of the alternatives that leads to the lowest climate impact in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents is also answered. The two materials in this study were cross-laminated timber elements from Martinsons and BoKlok-modules, which are volume elements of wood stud frames from Skanska and IKEA. The climate impact of the different alternatives was based on categorization A1-A4 in the system boundary describing the material production as well as transportation from supplier to construction site. StruSoft FEM-Design has been used to model the existing concrete building. The two different attachments have been placed out as line loads on top of the model. Analysis and strength calculations have been carried out for the various additions. This is to determine the load bearing capacity of the concrete structure and the ground as well as the size of impact loads. The results showed that the concrete building could carry five floors of both CLT elements and BoKlok-modules. Despite this, the conclusion is that CLT is heavier. From a climate perspective, the CLT building is the one that generates the least carbon dioxide emissions in terms of production and transport of materials.
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Johansson, Christine. "Arbetsberedningar : Processen bakom ett viktigt produktionsverktyg." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172463.
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Arbetsberedningar är ett viktigt verktyg för att arbetsmoment på bygg- och anläggningsprojekt ska genomföras på ett säkert sätt. Dokumentet säkerställer att företaget följer de lagar och regler som finns i Sverige men säkerställer också sina medarbetares välbefinnande på arbetsplatserna. Däremot är arbetsberedningar ett verktyg som ofta upprättas i ett alltför sent skede i produktionsprocessen, vilket kan leda till ökade kostnader och osäkra arbetssätt. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka processen bakom uppförandet av arbetsberedningar samt att se vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som finns med fokus på standardiserade arbetssätt. Undersökningen baseras på semi-strukturerade intervjuer med ämnesexperter på Züblin Scandinavia AB, en workshop samt lagkrav och interna krav inom företaget. Resultatet pekar på att processen kring arbetsberedningar inte existerar på företaget men att behovet av en process efterfrågas för att minska stress och förtydliga arbetsuppgifter. Ifyllda arbetsberedningsmallar för repetitiva arbetsmoment är något som bör satsas på inom företaget då standardiserade arbetssätt kan öka produktiviteten. Detta examensarbete visar att det är viktigt med en tydlig och visuell process som en grund till arbetsberedningar. Processen tydliggör vilka roller som skall involveras och inom vilket ansvarsområde, samt förtydligar arbetsuppgifter. En visualisering av processen visar vilka projektspecifika och övriga styrande dokument som ska användas som grund för informationshämtning till arbetsberedningen, till exempel inför upprättande av arbetsberedningsmallar för repetitiva arbetsmoment. Totalt bidrar en tydlig process för arbetsberedningar till att minska stressen och risken för olyckor, samtidigt som det medför en möjlighet till ökad produktiviteten för ett företag.<br>Work preparations are an important tool for the safe implementation of work on construction projects. The document ensures that the company complies with the laws and regulations that exist in Sweden, but also ensures the well-being of its employees in the workplace. However, work preparation is a tool that is often established at too late a stage in the production process, which can lead to increased costs and uncertain working methods. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the process behind the construction of work preparations and the challenges and opportunities that there are with a focus on standardized working methods. The survey is based on semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts at Züblin Scandinavia AB, a workshop as well as law requirements and internal requirements within the company. The result indicates that the process of preparation does not exist at the company, but that the need for a process is demanded to reduce stress and clarify tasks. Completed work preparation templates for repetitive tasks are something that should be invested in within the company as standardized working methods can increase productivity. This thesis shows that it is important to have a clear and visual process as a basis for work preparations. The process clarifies which roles should be involved and in what area of responsibility and clarifies tasks. A visualization of the process shows which project-specific and other governing documents will be used as a basis for information retrieval for the work preparation, for example, for the preparation of work preparation templates for repetitive tasks. In total, a clear process for work preparation helps to reduce stress and the risk of accidents, while at the same time providing an opportunity for increased productivity for a company.
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Mårtensson, Johan, and Jonatan Bengtsson. "Från BIM-modell till beräkningsprogram : Kompatibilitet mellan Tekla Structures 21 och FEM-Design 15 3D Structures." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33720.
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Building designing can be made by a powerful tool, BIM-programs. With these programs, you quickly get a view of future design. Elements of the model are intelligent, which means that they are more than just some dashes. These intelligent elements can be analytically studied with programs that make calculations according to finite element methods. This report describes the export of BIM-elements into a calculation program that calculates static using the finite element method. Applications for the method and appropriate project size and complexity is described in the report. The software used in the case studies in the report is the BIM modelling software Tekla Structures 21 and the calculation program FEM-Design 15. To determine if the connection between the chosen applications are possible, two case studies has been made. The case studies have shown that a one-way transfer from Tekla to the FEM-Design is possible and useful. But because the reversal is not possible when the calculations and analysis are completed, the method can't be implemented in an automatized BIM- design.
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Svensson, Andreas, and Andreas Martinez. "Härdnings- och stämpningstider för prefabricerade murstensskift." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34551.
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According to good practice within the Swedish masonry industry brick beams needs to be underpinned during the 28 first days. Masonry craftsmen and construction engineers believe that the supports can be disassembled before this time has elapsed. This will facilitate subsequent entrepreneurs to begin their work earlier. Previous studies on this subject haven’t been done. Within this project tensile tests have been made in order to find out how the adhesion between brick and mortar develops over time, and how the temperature affects it. The aim has been to test if the adhesion is strong enough to remove the underpinning earlier than 28 days. Interviews with bricklayers and project managers have been done to get their point of view on the problem. The result of interviews showed that bricklayers removed the underpinning earlier than 14 days, the results of the traction tests did show that the underpinns can’t be removed after an exact number of days. What determines if the stamp can be picked up earlier is the size of the opening and the temperature it cures in.
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Viklund, Emma. "Design approaches in industrialized house building : A creativity perspective." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63034.
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Industrialized house builders strive towards structure and control of their processes, including design. Such structure is seldom sought for in architectural design practice, where individuality and autonomy are considered essential. This is causing a tension in the construction industry as industrialized house builders and architects strive to improve their collaboration. In this licentiate thesis, a first step towards better understanding this tension is taken by exploring different design approaches from a creativity perspective. The analytical framework builds on a theoretical conceptualization of design approach features, including design task, design process, design organization, and knowledge sharing. A creativity perspective is added using heuristic or algorithmic design tasks; divergent or convergent design processes; autonomy or imposed structure from the design organization; and sole designer or teamwork as the basis for knowledge sharing. This framework is used to analyze four empirically explored design approaches, two focusing on platform development and two focusing on project specific design. Three of these are explored using a case study approach, while the fourth is explored through interviews with multiple architects. The architectural design approach’s features seem likely to facilitate creativity: the design task is mainly heuristic; the design process enables divergence; and the architects have autonomy in how to go about the design process. However, they experience a lack of knowledge sharing, which could further facilitate creativity. The studied standardized design development approach has the opposite features: the design task is mainly algorithmic; the design process facilitates convergence; and there is a clear structure with instructions of how each subtask should be executed. Hence, this design approach is not likely to facilitate creativity (which was also not its intention). The structure has however improved the design team’s knowledge sharing, which is likely to facilitate creativity. The two platform development approaches have a mix of features. Both design tasks are more algorithmic than heuristic and creativity was not expected of the design results. The design processes are clearly convergent. While the house platform development team is multi-functional and work in close collaboration, the design automation platform developers’ knowledge sharing is based on communication with the client’s organization, thus not enabling as many perspectives on the designed product. The design automation platform developers use a support structure with process descriptions and methods to ensure quality, motivated by the variety of platforms that they develop on a regular basis. The house product platform developers on the other hand, were expected to develop only this one platform. Hence, they worked autonomously, using the teamwork setting to progress and converge in the process. In summary, the creative intention seems related to how design is approached. If creativity is sought for, the design task is heuristic, and divergence and autonomy is promoted. If creativity is not sought for, structure seem to facilitate other benefits such as reliability and quality control. Knowledge sharing could however be potentially beneficial in most design approaches. By understanding that different design approaches will influence creativity in different ways, a first step has been taken towards understanding why architects and industrialized house builders approach design differently.
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Nylander, Lucas, and Manfred Carlsson. "PROBLEMIDENTIFIERING VID HANTERING OCH MONTAGE AV YTTERVÄGGAR AV KL-TRÄ." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53372.
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Syfte: Bygg- och fastighetssektorn stod år 2018 för en femtedel av Sveriges totala utsläpp av växthusgaser. För att minska andelen utsläpp behöver användandet av mer miljövänliga material främjas. Förutsatt att skogsbruket bedrivs hållbart är trä ett förnyelsebart material som inte bidrar till en ökning av växthusgasutsläppen. Byggbranschen kännetecknas av tids- och kostnadsöverskridande projekt samt låg produktivitet. Inom svenskt trähusbyggande pågår en stark utveckling och korslimmat trä (KL-trä) har potential att effektivisera byggbranschen. Syftet med denna rapport är att identifiera problem vid hantering och montage av ytterväggselement av KL-trä, med målet att problem ska kunna förebyggas för att främja byggnation med materialet. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att få en överblick av det studerade området och låg till grund för utformandet av en intervjuguide. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts för att samla information om upplevelser, uppfattningar och erfarenheter kring det studerade ämnet. Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visar bland annat på problem med runda innerhörn från urfräsningar vid tillverkning, höga element, ändringar och tillägg som innebär tidskrävande omarbete. Något som vanligen sker med hjälp av motorsåg. Vidare pekas bristfälliga montageplaner, fukt, påväxt, bågnade element, väderförhållanden och otillräcklig yta på byggarbetsplatser ut som vanliga problem. Konsekvenser: För att bemöta de ökade kraven på minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser och effektivisering inom byggbranschen, krävs det att systematiska och standardiserade rutiner utvecklas. Vidare har bristande planering visat sig ligga till grund för flera identifierade problem. Genom att i god tid upprätta en montageplan kan flera problem förebyggas. Bristande kunskap och erfarenhet om KL-trä och dess materialegenskaper ligger till grund för flera identifierade problem. Vilket bör beaktas redan i planeringsskedet då dessa problem kräver nya arbetssätt och rutiner. Även geografiskt läge och tillgänglig yta bör beaktas vid val av storlek på väggskivor i planeringsskedet. Vidare bör valet av kran även göras utifrån tillgänglig yta för leveransmottagning och mellanlagring, och inte enbart utifrån vikt och utformning på element. Begränsningar: Studien har inte tagit hänsyn till olika entreprenadformer och beaktar inte problem som uppstår under projektering, upphandling eller tillverkning av KL-trä. Problem som identifierats kan således inte kopplas till dessa. Respondenterna är enbart från södra Sverige vilket begränsar möjligheten för generella slutsatser gällande hela landet. Studien beaktar inte förekomsten av väderskydd och slutsatser kopplat till detta kan därför inte utföras.<br>Purpose: The construction and real estate industry accounted for one-fifth of Sweden’s total emission of greenhouse gases in 2018. To reduce the proportion, the use of more environmentally friendly materials needs to be promoted. Given that the forestry is conducted sustainably, wood is a renewable material that does not contribute to an increase of greenhouse gas emissions. The construction industry is characterized by time-consuming projects, cost overruns and low productivity. A strong development of Swedish wooden housing is taking place, and cross-laminated timber (CLT) has the potential to increase efficiency in the construction industry. The aim of this report is to identify problems when handling and mounting exterior wall elements in CLT, with the purpose that the problems can be prevented, to promote construction with the material. Method: A literature study was conducted to get an overview of the area studied and was the foundation in the process of developing an interview guide. Semi-structured interviews have been performed to gather information about experiences, perceptions, and knowledge about the topic. Findings: The result of this study indicates problems with round inner corners from manufacturing, tall elements, changes, and additions that require time-consuming modifications. A work that generally is performed using a chain saw. Further are inadequate erection methods, damp, mold, bent elements, weather conditions and lack of space on the construction site pointed out as common problems. Implications: To meet the increasing demands on lowering the greenhouse gas emissions and increasing of efficiency of the construction industry, systematic and standardized working methods needs to be developed. Poor planning has shown to be the cause of several identified problems. These problems can be prevented by establishing an erection method in an early stage of planning. Lack of knowledge and experience of CLT and its material properties has shown to be the cause of several identified problems. These problems require new working methods and routines, which should be taken in consideration in the planning phase. Geographical location and accessible space should also be considered when choosing the size of the walls in the design phase. Not only weight and size of elements should be considered when choosing a crane, but also accessible space for incoming goods and storage of elements. Limitations: The study has not taken any project delivery methods in consideration and does not pay attention to problems occurring in the design phase, procurement, or manufacture of CLT. Identified problems can therefore not be connected to these phases. The respondents are from the southern parts of Sweden which limits the possibility to make general conclusions valid for the whole country. The study is limited to further conclusions regarding weather protection.
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Karlsson, Matilda, and Rima Ajeel. "Färjestadsskolan – en jämförelse av stommaterial : En ekonomisk och miljömässig jämförelse av stommaterialen prefabricerad betong och KLträ." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72334.
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In today’s society the environmental impact of the construction industry is a major problem. Something that should be pursued is a more sustainable construction in which economic, social and environmental sustainability cooperate. The choice of building materials plays a significant role in creating a more sustainable development. In order to further encourage the development within sustainable building materials, the public sector is an important participant. In Karlstad, the municipality has decided to build a new school building in the residential area Färjestad. In this study, two different framework materials will be compared through an economical and environmental perspective where social aspects are considered in form of sound and fire requirements. The materials that will be compared are cross-laminated timber, CLT, and prefabricated reinforced concrete. The purpose of the study is to find out which of the materials is most economically and environmentally advantageous. In a school building, high demands are made regarding sound reduction and fire safety, which must be taken into account while calculating dimensions of the framework materials. The materials that will compared differ in several ways. Reinforced concrete has a high mechanical strength and is heavy which makes it steady and favorable to be used in tall buildings. Concrete is inorganic which also makes it fire and moisture resistant. CLT is made of minimum three layers of cross-glued wood boards which creates a stable and isotropic building material. In relation to its light weight CLT has great mechanical properties. Wood in general is an organic and combustible material, however cross-laminated timber has relatively good fire and moisture properties. In order to reach a result extensive calculations are made to decide the proportion of the two framework materials. The dimensions that are calculated are used to further calculate the costs of the project and the amount emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents. The economical calculation is primarily calculated by using BidCon. To calculate emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents, environmental product declarations, EPD, are used. The EPD: s reports the global warming potential for each material. The result of the economic calculation shows that a framework of CLT is slightly more expensive than a corresponding framework of prefabricated reinforced concrete. The calculations of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions show that the reinforced concrete contributes to more than twice as much emissions as a framework of CLT. From an economic perspective, prefabricated reinforced concrete framework is more profitable, but from an environmental perspective, cross-laminated timber is more beneficial.
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Källström, Simon. "Störningsfritt byggande : Om störningar på tredje man från byggarbeten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326835.
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In recent years, a densification of Uppsala's city center has taken place. Construction works are now happening closer to existing buildings than before. This raises the question of how the construction industry interferes with those already living and working in the area more relevant than ever before. This degree project investigates the extent to which the construction of Gränby Entré affects Gränbystaden's customers. The disorders that affect most are investigated and recommendations for how Atrium Ljungberg should work with disturbances in the future is being developed. This was investigated through surveys with the visitors and interviews with key people in the project. A total of approximately 400 surveys were done, half of which was done in paper form in Gränbystaden's mall and half from a web-site marketed via Gränbystaden’s Facebook page. The disorders investigated are parking problems, noise, waste and dust, light, vibration, and closed or different routes. The result of the survey shows that parking problems and route changes are the disorders that are considered to affect the most. Then there will be rubbish and dust, then noise, light and last vibration. The survey has also examined how visitors would like to get information about the construction works. Here, the answers differ quite a bit between the web survey and the paper survey, but there’s a trend towards social media, but also a desire to get the information in paper form. The study has resulted in recommendations to Atrium Ljungberg on how the problems should be addressed in the future. I suggest that they should use social media in the future to inform about construction works and send out information by mail to the immediate area in case of major disturbances. They should review bicycle and walkways to and from the mall as well as create routines for cleaning around the construction site.
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Halaf, Evan. "FORMSÄTTNING AV HÖGA PLATSGJUTNA BETONGKOSTRUKTIONER : Undersökning av diverse klättersystem samt alternativa lösningar för silo-projektet Gråbergsutfrakt i Kiruna." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49300.
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Today construction industry is building higher and more complicated constructions than ever thanks to the advancements in materials, technical knowledge and methodologies. One important material is concrete, which has been used to create impressive architectural marvels. This dissertation aims to examine the differences between climbing and slip formwork systems for tall concrete structures that require several pouring steps in height. The main differences noted between both systems are formwork configuration, assembly and cycling of the formwork and climbing elements, price and quantity of material, labor required, the quality of the finished structure and safety during construction. A case study was investigated with the help of formwork supplier PERI Sverige AB and nordic contractor PEAB AB regarding a 20,5 meter high reinforced concrete silo located in a mining complex in Kiruna, Sweden. Through a review of the existing literature in the subject, interviews with experts in the topic and the outcome from the project case study, the results shows that while the SCS climbing system from PERI Sverige AB required more working days compared to a slip formwork system, it was chosen as a more appropriate solution for this project in combination with the crane at the jobsite, due to the amount of labor required, safety and overall cost of it. In conclusion, the selection of the SCS climbing system as formwork system proved to be the most adequate solution for the case study when critical aspects such as assembly and cycling of formwork, price and safety were evaluated.
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Jonsson, Henric. "Production Strategy in Project Based Production within a House-Building Context." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143262.
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A production strategy enables companies to effectively manage the different challenges that the production function face in a competitive environment. A production strategy helps a company to make operational and strategic decisions that follow a logical pattern and supports the corporate strategy and the competitive priorities of the company. When no strategy exists the decisions may be arbitrary and unpredictable leading to an under-achieving production system. Production strategy involves decisions that shape the long term capabilities of a producing company. For the traditional production industry there are a number of production strategy frameworks that facilitates the process of designing production systems. However, these frameworks typically leave project based production out of the scope or treat project based production as one type of production system, when in fact project based production systems can be multifaceted depending on product design and market requirements. This thesis focus on project based manufacturing in a house-building context. Houses can be produced by different types of production systems, and depending on how the production systems are designed they have strengths and weaknesses in different areas of competition. To be able to meet the increasing demand for residential houses, and improve performance in the house-building industry, the way houses are produced have to match different market requirements in a more effective and efficient way. To do this a production strategy has to exist. Typically there is a trade-off between productivity and flexibility, hence a production system designed to meet customer requirements concerning product design is probably not the best process choice if the customer thinks price and delivery time are the most important. A production strategy helps a company to make decisions so that the output of the production system meets customer requirements in the best possible way. Due to the fact that project based production is typically left out of the scope in traditional production strategy literature and that there is a lack of research concerning production strategy in a house-building context, the purpose of this research is: … to extend the production strategy body of knowledge concerning project based production in a house-building context. To fulfil the purpose the following four research questions are studied and answered: RQ1: What aspects can be useful in a classification matrix contrasting different production systems for house-building? RQ2: Which competitive priorities are important to measure when evaluating different production systems on a production strategy level in a house-building context, and how can they quantitatively be measured? RQ3: How does the characteristics of the production system, i.e. the process choice, affect information exchange in a house-building context? RQ4: How can a new production strategy be formulated and implemented in an industrialised house-building context and what challenges are important to consider in that process? To answer RQ1 a classification matrix was developed that classify production systems along two dimensions: a product dimension (degree of product standardisation) and a process dimension (degree of off-site assembly). The two dimensions are related, for example a high degree of standardisation should be matched with a high degree of off-site assembly and consequently a low degree of product standardisation should be matched with a low degree of off-suite assembly. A mismatch, e.g. high degree of off-site assembly and low degree of standardisation, typically leads to poor performance and should hence be avoided. To be able to see how different types of production systems perform in different areas of competition key performance indicators (KPIs) were developed. The KPIs presented in this research can be used to measure quality, delivery (speed and dependability), cost (level and dependability), and flexibility (volume and mix) at a production strategic level (RQ2). Furthermore, to answer RQ3, a production strategy perspective was taken on information exchange by relating information exchange to the design of the production system. The results indicate that employing different types of production systems leads to different approaches to information exchange. Employing a production systems using traditional production methods on-site and a low degree of product standardisation lead to a traditional approach to information exchange, e.g. project meetings, telephone and mail. Production systems employing some degree of off-site assembly have less complex and more stable supply chains and use ICT-solutions to a higher extent, which facilitates information exchange. The findings also indicate that a high degree of product standardisation facilitates the use of ICT-solutions such as ERP and BIM. RQ4 concerns the production strategy process, i.e. formulation and implementation. Failure in this processes can jeopardise the whole business. Based on a longitudinal case study of an industrialised house-builder a suggested production strategy process was developed, including both production strategy formulation and implementation. The study also identified context specific challenges that have to be considered in an industrialised house-building context, e.g. the complexity that comes with using two different production processes (off-site and on-site) in the same production system. The research is case based and a total number of eight different production systems have been studied. Data has been collected through interviews, observations, and review of company documents.
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Algabroun, Hatem. "On the development of a maintenance approach for factory of the future implementing Industry 4.0." Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68026.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop a maintenance approach that fulfills the requirements of Industry 4.0. It explores the role and importance of maintenance activities in today’s industry. Then, it develops the features and tasks required to be performed by maintenance to fulfill the demands of Industry 4.0. Finally, it develops a reference model to be used in designing maintenance system for Industry 4.0. To perform these studies, real data were collected and applied as well as a typical scenario was implemented. The results achieved in the papers of this thesis are 1) a mathematical representation and application of a model that identifies, analyses and prioritizes economic weakness in working areas related to production, 2) a model that analyses, identifies and prioritizes failures that impact the competitive advantages and profitability of companies, 3) characterization of a suitable maintenance technique for Industry 4.0 and 4) a reference model i.e. a framework, that could be utilized to develop a maintenance approach for Industry 4.0. The conclusion of this thesis confirms that maintenance has a significant impact on companies’ competitive advantages, other working areas and profitability. To achieve a suitable maintenance technique for Industry 4.0, this technique must be able to monitor, diagnose, prognosis, schedule, assist in execution and present the relevant information. In order to perform these tasks several features must be acquired, the most important features are to be: digitized, automated, intelligent, able to communicate with other systems for data gathering and monitoring, openness, detect deviation in the condition at an early stage, cost- effective, flexible for adding new CM techniques, provide accurate decisions and scalable. The developed framework could be used as a base to design a maintenance system for Industry 4.0. This study contributes to our understanding of the maintenance importance in today’s industry and how to develop a maintenance approach for Industry 4.0.
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Böör, Zsofia, and Clara Sporrong. "Hand- och armvibrationer i byggbranschen : En studie av vilka faktorer som bidrar till uppkomsten av vibrationsskador." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad mekanik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388261.
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At today's construction sites, most of the work is carried out using hand-held and or hand-operated machines that create vibrations. Work with hand-held vibrating machines can result in damage to vessels, nerves and muscles, sometimes even on the skeleton, during continuous work. The effects of vibration damage can be powerful and in order to prevent these, work with vibrations needs to be considered and checked. The purpose of this thesis is to identify which factors contribute to the fact that vibration-induced injuries are so common at the construction sites today, despite the knowledge about the serious symptoms of the injury. By studying working methods, attitudes and behaviors and how the injury is prevented today, it is examined whether it is possible to reduce the occur-rence of vibration-induced injuries. The research begins with a literature study to obtain knowledge about vibration diseases and associated symptoms, as well as about the facilities and working methods that exist today to reduce vibrations at the construction sites. Further-more, a survey is conducted on how Skanska AB works with vibrations and interviews at some of Skanska Sverige AB's projects to clarify how the work against vibration injuries looks like in practice. The result of the thesis shows that work with reducing vibration is given some priority, but that it can be further improved. The employees have knowledge of the injury, but not enough to make demands on how developments can be made in the working environment. The working methods used are not optimal and there is resistance to the methods developed to reduce work with vibrations. During the interviews it emerges that many methods are mentioned in theory but that they are rarely used in practice. There are also deficiencies in the communica-tion between the different occupational groups regarding who is responsible for reducing the work with vibrating tools. The construction industry is developing in the work with reducing vibration, but there are also many parts of the industry that make the prevention work more difficult. The result shows signs of this and lack of time proves to be a great reason why the work with reducing vibrations is not prioritized. At the end of the report there are some recommendations given for further stud-ies to improve the preventive work. For instance, continued studies are recommended on how the difficulty with lack of time can be reduced and on how methods for reducing vibration can be more adaptable in practice.<br>På dagens byggarbetsplatser utförs flertalet arbetsmoment med hjälp av handhållna och eller handdrivna maskiner som skapar vibrationer. Då arbete med handhållna vibrerande maskiner utförs kontinuerligt under längre tid kan det ge upphov till skador på kärl, nerver och muskler, ibland till och med på skelettet. Effekterna av vibrationsskador kan vara kraftiga och för att förhindra dessa behöver arbete med vibrationer tas hänsyn till och kontrolleras. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga vilka faktorer som bidrar till att vibrationsskador är så pass vanligt förekommande på byggarbetsplatser idag, trots kunskap om skadans allvarliga symtom. Genom att studera arbetssätt, attityder och beteenden samt hur man förebygger inför skadan idag undersöks huruvida det är möjligt att minska uppkomsten av vibrationsskador. Arbetet inleds med en litteraturstudie för att hämta kunskap om vibrationsskador och tillhörande symptom, samt om de hjälpmedel och arbetssätt som finns idag för att reducera vibrationer på byggarbetsplatser. Vidare genomförs en undersökning av hur Skanska AB arbetar med vibrationer samt intervjuer på några av Skanska Sverige AB:s projekt för att klarlägga hur arbetet med vibrationsskador ser ut i praktiken. Resultatet av examensarbetet visar att arbete med att reducera vibrationer prioriteras till viss del, men att det kan förbättras ytterligare. De anställda har kunskap om skadan, men inte tillräcklig för att ställa krav på arbetsmiljöarbetet med vibrationer. De arbetssätt som används är inte optimala och det finns ett motstånd mot de metoder som tagits fram för att reducera arbete med vibrerande verktyg. Under intervjuerna framkommer att många metoder nämns i teorin men att de sällan används i praktiken. Det upptäcks även brister i kommunikationen mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna gällande vem som bär ansvar för att reducera arbetet med vibrerande verktyg. Byggbranschen utvecklas i arbetet med att reducera vibrationer men det finns även många delar av branschen som försvårar det förebyggande arbetet. Resultatet visar tecken på detta och tidsbrist visar sig vara en stor anledning till att arbetet med att reducera vibrationer bortprioriteras. Rapporten avslutas därför med rekommendationer av fortsatta studier för att förbättra det förebyggande arbetet. Bland annat rekommenderas fortsatta studier i hur svårigheten med avsaknad av tid kan reduceras samt studier i hur metoder för att reducera vibrationer kan anpassas bättre till praktiken.
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Hagren, Viktor. "Programkalkylens verkliga funktion : Hur Serneke använder kalkyler i tidiga skeden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172144.
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Syfte – I kombination med insamlad empiri och med stöd av tidigare teorier inom områden byggprojekt, kalkylering och möjliga avvikelser redovisas konsekvenser med användandet av programkalkylen. Vilket leder till en möjlighet för företaget att utveckla användandet av kalkylen. Syfte med studien är därför: Att skapa en förståelse för hur byggföretag och hur deras programkalkyl stämmer mot anbud och byggprojekts slutgiltiga resultat samt att ge en utvärdering av risk och vinst med programkalkylen. Metod – En fallstudie har genomförts med kvantitativ insamling av data och via intervjuer. Detta har analyserats mot ett teoretiskt ramverk för att komma kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna och slutligen uppnå studiens syfte. Resultat – Denna studie har kommit fram till att programkalkylens upplägg gör förenklingar av kalkylen och detta gör att programkalkylen riskerar att inte ta med alla byggdelar. Detta leder till att kalkylen inte blir så träffsäker som kravet av en kalkyl anses vara. Kalkylen bör användas som ett relationsbyggande verktyg mot byggherrar i ett tidigt skede istället för att verktyg för att skapa en anbudskalkyl. Implikationer – Studiens resultat kan komma att fungera som vägledning för liknande byggföretag vilka har motsvarande förutsättningar som fallföretaget. Med hjälp av studien kan företag hitta orsaker till osäkerheter i sina egna kalkyler och få reda på hur dessa kan minskas. Det kommer även leda till att byggföretag får mer effektiva kalkyler. Begränsningar – Fallstudien har endast gjorts mot ett fallföretag, då det i studiens tidsram inte ansetts möjligt att samla in empiri från fler företag. Studiens tidsomfång har begränsats av den estimerade tidsomfattningen som 15 högskolepoäng innefattar.<br>Purpose – By combining the empirical data and with the support of already known theories about construction projects, building calculations and possible deviations, the consequences of the use of “program calculation” are shown. Which leads to the opportunity for the company to develop the use of this calculation. Therefor the purpose of this study is: To create an understanding of how construction companies and how their program calculation corresponds to the results of tenders and construction projects and to give an evaluation of risk and profit of the use of the “program calculation”. Method – A case study has been conducted at a company. The methods that are used are through quantitative data collection and interviews. The data has been analyzed against a theoretical framework to be able to answer the research questions and finally achieve the purpose of the study. Findings – This study has concluded that the structure of program calculation makes simplifications of the calculation and this means that the program calculation have a risk of not including all building parts. This leads to the calculation not becoming as accurate as the calculation ought to be. The calculation should be used as a relationship-building tool against customers at an early stage instead of tools to produce precise tenders. Implications – The results of the study may serve as a guide for similar companies with similar conditions as the case company. With the help of this study, companies can find the causes of uncertainties in their own calculations and find out how these can be reduced. It will also lead to companies getting more efficient calculations and therefor getting more competitive. Limitations – The case study has only been conducted against one company, as in the time frame of the study it was not considered possible to collect empiricism from more companies. The scope of the study has been limited by the estimated time span of 15 credits.
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Tadayon, Najafabadi Davood. "Methods of survey for technical evaluation and planning of renovation strategies in residential building properties : Case Study, Tyresö municipality (Ekbacken)." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232329.
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The thesis is an outcome of a collaborative work between the author and the renovation team of Modexa AB on project of housing renovation of Tyresö municipality ( Ekbacken ). During this thesis we tried to analyse the ongoing process of renovation in Stockholm and try to provide a solution which helps to improve the data gathering and analysis by production of the BIM model. Further studies to provide further details about the possible outcomes of the BIM model and integration with other software for energy studies, project management and building management had been done.
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Nuseibeh, Hasan. "An Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) Decision Framework for Building an Information Economy in Developing Countries: The Case of Palestine." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6338.
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Building a thriving information economy is a goal for many developing countries. This research helps identify the factors (inhibitors and motivators) that can be used to leverage the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector in a developing country to build a sustainable information economy that benefits other sectors of the economy. This is done by studying the current literature on this topic and then synthesizing the theoretical models to create a unified decision framework to help developing countries set their path to building a sustainable information economy.
Drawing on past literature and extant theory, a novel ICT4D decision framework is built that provides a three-dimensional view based on 1) the ICT value chain, 2) key factors (e.g. infrastructure, policies, markets), and 3) stakeholders (e.g. industry, government, academia). This decision framework is then used to study the case of Palestine, where secondary and primary data are used to compare the critical success factors for Palestine with the general framework. This synthesized framework and critical success factors superset is expected to advance the field’s understanding of how both controllable and non-controllable country characteristics contribute to or inhibit the growth and development of an ICT sector in developing countries. In addition, the framework and identified success factors help in setting a future path for development.
Results from both secondary data sources demonstrate the usability of the framework to analyze the current setting of the ICT sector, in addition, to help investigate a range of possible opportunities for action to reach a higher level of ICT success. Then, via a targeted set of interviews with academic, industrial, and governmental sources who are experts in the Palestinian ICT arena, an exploratory study was performed that focused on key critical success factors for future development of the ICT economy. Controllable factors that have the potential for sustainable action were identified.
In the case of Palestine, it appears that despite having many challenges that are out of control, there seem to be many opportunities for change specifically in government and educational policies that can help the ICT sector in specific, and the Palestinian economy in general reach its real potential. Given the current political situation in Palestine, it was found that there is a great potential in creating new software products for export. The challenges in this particular area in the case of Palestine lies in the lack of adequate business skills to research the global market and to market products and services that can be offered by the Palestinian ICT sector.
The findings should also help stakeholders see if the challenges to developing an ICT sector in Palestine are the same as those for any developing country, and where they are truly unique. The outcomes of this research have the potential to frame and inform economic development decisions that could define the future of the Palestinian state.
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Curan, Selma, and Jesper Hansen. "SPEGLAR SVERIGES LÅGA GRAD AV DIGITAL UTVECKLING INOM BYGGSEKTORN ANVÄNDANDET AV BIM I PROJEKTERINGSSKEDET? : EN UNDERSÖKNING OM DAGENS ANVÄNDNING AV BIM I PROJEKTERINGSSKEDET." Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54063.
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Purpose: There are clear benefits with BIM in the design phase, but also barriers and challenges that limit the implementation of BIM in the design phase. At present, there are no requirements for BIM in Sweden, which differs from several international countries. The aim of the report is to examine the current use of BIM in the design phase in Sweden. The report is executed in hope of contributing to an increased BIM integration in the design phase and contribute with increased knowledge about how the development of BIM can increase. Method: The research method in this study is a survey. To achieve the aim of the report and answer the research questions, data are collected via a questionnaire that is covered by both quantitative and qualitative questionnaire questions in combination with a literature study. The questionnaire has been sent out to architects, designers and constructors at various engineering- and architectural companies in Sweden. Findings: Today's use of BIM in the design phase is assumed to be high and most of the participants in the survey are aware of the benefits of BIM and how it can make the workflow in the design phase more effective. Factors that prevent the implementation of BIM are assumed to go hand in hand with factors that contribute to an increased use of BIM and thus need to be considered for the use of BIM to increase. Implications: Sweden's low degree of digital development in the construction sector does not reflect the current use of BIM in the design phase at architectural- and engineering companies in Sweden. Common uses that architect- and engineering companies apply with BIM are collision controls, information management and visualization. By increasing knowledge and informing customers about the benefits of BIM, the use of BIM is assumed to increase. A further recommendation that assumes increased use of BIM is a requirement for BIM in public construction in Sweden. Limitations: The report is limited to examining the use of BIM in the design phase and only examines architectural- and engineering companies in Sweden. The respondents consist of architects, designers and constructors. The results are representative for the report but cannot be applied to all architectural- and engineering companies in Sweden as the selection method is not generalizable.<br>Syfte: Det finns tydliga fördelar med BIM i projekteringen men även hinder och utmaningar som begränsar implementering av BIM i projekteringsskedet. I Sverige finns i dagsläget inga krav på BIM vilket skiljer sig från flera internationella länder. Målet med rapporten är att undersöka dagens användning av BIM i projekteringsskedet i Sverige. Studien genomförs i förhoppning om att bidra till en ökad BIM-integrering i projekteringsskedet samt bidra med ökad kunskap om hur utvecklingen av BIM kan drivas framåt. Metod: Forskningsmetoden i denna undersökning är en survey. För att besvara rapportens frågeställningar och uppnå målet sker datainsamling via en enkät som omfattas av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa enkätfrågor i kombination med litteraturstudie. Enkäten har skickats ut till arkitekter, projektörer och konstruktörer på olika ingenjörs- och arkitektföretag runt om i Sverige. Resultat: Användningen av BIM i projekteringsskedet antas vara hög i dagsläget och majoriteten av medverkande i undersökningen känner till fördelarna med arbetssättet och hur det kan effektivisera arbetsgången i projekteringsskedet. Faktorer som hindrar implementering av BIM antas gå hand i hand med faktorer som bidrar till en ökad användning av BIM och behöver därmed beaktas för att användningen av BIM ska öka. Konsekvenser: Sveriges låga grad av digital utveckling inom byggsektorn speglar inte användandet av BIM i projekteringsskedet på arkitekt- och ingenjörsföretag i Sverige i dagsläget. Vanligt förekommande användningsområden med BIM i projekteringsskedet bland arkitekt- och ingenjörsföretag är kollisionskontroller, samgranskning, informationshantering och visualisering. Genom att öka kunskapen om BIM i beställarledet och informera om nyttan med arbetssättet antas användningen av BIM stiga. Vidare rekommendation som antas leda till en ökad användning av BIM är en kravställning på arbetssättet inom offentligt byggande i Sverige. Begränsningar: Rapporten är avgränsad till att undersöka användningen av BIM i projekteringsskedet och undersöker endast arkitekt- och ingenjörsföretag runt om i Sverige. Enkätrespondenterna utgörs av projektörer, arkitekter och konstruktörer. Resultaten är representativa för undersökningen men kan inte tillämpas på alla arkitekt och ingenjörsföretag i Sverige eftersom urvalstekniken inte är generaliserbar.
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Larsson, Louise. "Slope Stability Evaluation from a RiskManagement Perspective : Case Study: the Slussen project in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232175.
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Site characterization and the subsequent determination of soil strengthparameters constitute a significant part of slope stability assessment.Geotechnical engineering is always governed by great uncertainties sincethe soil properties are challenging to estimate for a large soil volume. Nostandardized method exists for evaluation of soil parameters, since eachcountry uses its own methods for evaluation and interpretation of soils.Uncertainties are common in geotechnical engineering and thereforequalitative and quantitative risk management is required for most projects.The evaluation of the shear strength is essential in slope stability, since ithas a great influence on the stability. This report investigates threedifferent methods regarding the estimation of the characteristic value ofthe undrained shear strength in clay for heterogeneous soils. The followingmethods are used: de 7 with the 5 % fractile, the Swedish applicationdocuments with 𝜂-factor regarding uncertainties and the subjectiveassessment of geotechnical engineers by a questionnaire. In the case studyfor this thesis work, three quayside slopes at Slussen in central Stockholmcontaining highly heterogeneous organic clay located beneath gravel filland esker material were analysed to estimate the stability of the slopes. Theresults show that the 𝜂-factor returned the lowest values, the questionnaireresulted in the second highest and 5 % fractile basted on the samplingdistribution on the mean gave the highest values. No correlation could befound connecting the subjective estimation of the shear strength and otherinfluencing parameter. A method with low subjective judgement, that takethe spatial variability and some degree of interpretation uncertainties witha factor would be to prefer.<br>Utvärdering av jordar med bedömning av dess egenskaper ochklassificering är en viktig del i släntstabilitetsutredningar. Utmaningenligger i att geoteknik styrs av stora osäkerheter eftersom markensegenskaper är omständliga att uppskatta för en hel jordvolym. Problemetär att det inte existerar någon standardiserad metod för bedömningen avjordparametrar då varje land har sina egna metoder för utvärderingen.Stora osäkerheter ett vanligt problem inom geoteknik och därför krävsbåda kvalitativa och kvantitativa riskhanteringar inom de flesta projekt.Utvärderingen av skjuvhållfasthet är en viktig del i släntstabilitetsutredningareftersom denna parameter har stort inflytande på stabiliteten,därmed även säkerheten. I denna rapport har tre olika metoder undersöktsmed avseende på bedömningen av det karakteristiska värdet förskjuvhållfasthet i lera för heterogena jordar. Dessa är: Eurokod 7 med 5 %fraktil, den svenska metoden med 𝜂-faktor för att beakta osäkerheter ochslutligen subjektiva bedömningen från geotekniker med hjälp av ettfrågeformulär. I denna fallstudie har tre slänter belägna vid kajer i Slusseni Stockholm analyserats. Jordprofilen innehåller heterogen organisk lerasom täcks av en grusig fyllning och överlagrar av årsmaterial. Resultat visaratt metoden med hänsyn till både osäkerheter med 𝜂-faktor samtsubjektiva bedömning gav lägst skjuvhållfasthet, frågeformuläretresulterade i det näst hösta värdena och metoden som gav högts resultatvar 5 % fraktilen baserad på medelvärden. Ingen korrelation kunde hittasangående den subjektiva bedömningen av odränerad skjuvhållfasthet ochinfluensen från andra faktorer. En metod med subjektiv bedömning, somtar rumslig variation samt inkluderar osäkerheter i en faktor skulle vara attföredra eftersom detta skulle medföra ett mer tillförlitligt resultat
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Pennanen, Oskar, and Simon Syed. "Social hållbarhet i renoveringsprocessen : En studie om hur dialog, jämställdhet och trygghet främjas vid ombyggnationer av bostäder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356301.
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This report examines the correlation between social sustainability and the renovation process, focusing on the aspects; dialogue, gender equality and security. They were chosen after an interpretation of needs was done with help from a literature study. It concluded that the three chosen aspects were most beneficial to focus on from a socially sustainable perspective. Through interviews, a model of all stages of Uppsalahem's renovation process have been created to find opportunities for development with regard to the chosen aspects. The report begins with a comprehensive background description of today’s state and knowledge regarding renovation needs, social sustainability, civil dialogue and also an introduction of Uppsalahem. The main part of the report starts with an account of interviews in the form of a clarification of Uppsalahem's current renovation process. The main part also presents the results from a deeper literature study with regard to the selected aspects. In the final sections, the aspectsare linked to the renovation process, which then leads to conclusions summarized in the areas; renovation, dialogue,equality and security. The study has shown, among other things, that a neighbourhood security survey as a method of making the residential area more secure in association with the renovation can benefits theresidents. Housing company have also deemed to benefit by constructing a good dialogue.. It also appears that the action package is a progressive method that favors social sustainability,but is also a method with great development potential.<br>Detta examensarbete undersöker kopplingen mellan social hållbarhet och renoveringsprocessen med fokus på aspekterna; dialog, jämställdhet och trygghet. Aspekterna valdes ut till följd av en tolkning av behov som gjordes med hjälp av en litteraturstudie. Det var mest fördelaktigt att fokusera på dessa tre aspekter ur ett socialt hållbart perspektiv Genom intervjuer skapas en modell över alla steg i Uppsalahems renoveringsprocess för att kunna hitta utvecklingsmöjligheter med avseende på de valda aspekterna. Rapporten inleds med en omfattande bakgrundsbeskrivning av kunskapsläget idag gällande renoveringsbehov, social hållbarhet, medborgardialog samt en introduktion av Uppsalahem. I rapportens huvuddel inleds resultatet med en redovisning av intervjuer i form av ett klarläggande av Uppsalahems nuvarande renoveringsprocess. I huvuddelen framförs även resultatet från en djupare litteraturstudie med avseende på de utvalda aspekterna. I de avslutande delarna kopplas aspekterna till renoveringsprocessen som sedan leder till slutsatser som sammanfattas inom områdena; renoveringsprocessen, dialog, jämställdhet och trygghet. En slutsats i studien är att trygghetsvandring är en metods som i samband med renovering kan öka tryggheten i ett område. Bostadsbolagen har också bedömts vinna på att föra en god dialog. Det framkommer även att åtgärdspaket är en progressiv metod som gynnar sociala hållbarheten men även en metod med stor utvecklingspotential.
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Andersson, Jakob, and Sakarias Norqvist. "Granskning och utveckling av rutiner kring markradon vid projektering i Helsingborg." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448280.
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A building with high levels of radon gas in the indoor air has a negative effect on the users of the building. Radon in buildings is one of the most common cause to lung cancer in Sweden today, which is why the Boverkets byggregler have set a limit value of 200 Bq/m3 for indoor air in new buildings. The limit value is twice as high as the limit value set by WHO, due to the high uranium levels in Sweden. The soil conditions in Sweden vary, which leads to the problem with the concentration of radon in the soil being different in different geographical locations in Sweden. The thesis has examined routines regarding radon in the soil at the design stage at Skanska in Helsingborg to highlight the risks of the municipality designating the area as a low-risk area. The methods used in this thesis consists of a survey, interviews and examination of documents and geodata. The survey and interviews were conducted with employees at Skanska in both Helsingborg and Uppsala, in order to make a comparison between two areas where the radon problem differ. The results show that there are gaps in knowledge about radon among the employees in Helsingborg, due to lack of experience. If the municipality does not set requirements regarding radon in the inspection plan, Skanska will not do so either. The results also show from measurements that there are areas in Helsingborg that should be considered a high-risk area for radon. One conclusion for the thesis is that regular internal education regarding radon can be beneficial in an area that is considered a low-risk area, as there is a lack of practical experience. Another conclusion is that it is misleading to generalize an area as a low-risk area, as measured values from radon examination in soils show local differences. A recommendation is therefore to always perform a radon examination before a new building is constructed.
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Johansson, Robin. "En jämförelse, armering av hakupplag : Utifrån teori från PRE-Stress jämfört med föreskrifterna i BBK-97/BBK-94." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74711.
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Detta är ett examensarbete som kommer avhandla en jämförelse mellan datorprogrammet PRE-Stress förlag av dimensionering av armeringsareor för en balk med FB/F-tvärsnitt. Emot beräkningar från ett internt beräkningsdokument för dimensionering av hakupplag. Beräkningarna grundar sig utifrån gemensamma förutsättningar som omfattar tvärsnittets geometri, hakupplagets utformning samt den dimensionerade upplagskraften. Beräkningarna har skett via datorprogrammet PRE-Stress samt det interna beräkningsdokumentet i Excel-format. Datorprogrammet PRE-Stress ger generellt en större mängd armering jämt emot det interna beräkningsdokumentet.