Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Eli Broad Family Foundation“

Abstract HVEM is a TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor contributing to a broad range of immune functions involving diverse cell types. It interacts with a TNF ligand, LIGHT, and immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members BTLA and CD160. Assessing the functional impact of HVEM binding to specific ligands in different settings has been complicated by the multiple interactions of HVEM and HVEM binding partners. To dissect the molecular basis for multiple functions, we determined crystal structures that reveal the distinct HVEM surfaces that engage LIGHT or BTLA/CD160, including the human HVEM–LIGHT–CD160 ternary complex, with HVEM interacting simultaneously with both binding partners. Based on these structures, we generated mouse HVEM mutants that selectively recognized either the TNF or Ig ligands in vitro. Knockin mice expressing these muteins maintain expression of all the proteins in the HVEM network, yet they demonstrate selective functions for LIGHT in the clearance of bacteria in the intestine and for the Ig ligands in the amelioration of liver inflammation. Supported grants from NIH (S10 OD020068, P30CA023100, P30 DK120515, S10RR027366, U01 AI125955, P01 DK46763), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-06CH11357), National Center for Research Resources (P41RR012408), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P41GM103473), Albert Einstein Cancer Center (P30CA013330), Eli Lilly Company, Albert Einstein Macromolecular Therapeutics Development Facility, Price Family Foundation, Albert Einstein Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Pamela and Edward S. Pantzer, and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.

Canadian scientists have played a major role in the discovery and characterization of various atrial natriuretic factors (ANF). It is now clear that this family of polypeptides induces multiple biological actions in a broad variety of peripheral tissues including the kidney, adrenal gland, and blood vessels. One generalized observation derived from multiple studies reveals that these peptides most likely act as important modulators of homeostasis by modulating the production of various body fluids. Recently, it became clear that the atrial natriuretic factors present in the central nervous system could influence various brain functions. Thus, the ANF-like peptides should be considered as a new family of brain–heart peptides.The present symposium, the first of its kind, was organized to examine and critically discuss the evidence for putative roles of atrial natriuretic peptides in the brain. It was clearly demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity is widely distributed in mammalian and nonmammalian brains with a high number of cell bodies and (or) fiber terminals present in areas associated with water and salt intake and with the control of cardiovascular parameters. The gene transcripts responsible for the production of brain atrial natriuretic polypeptides have been isolated and their characteristics appear to be similar to those found in peripheral tissues. The presence and plasticity of specific brain ANF receptor sites have also been reported. It appears that at least one population of sites is associated with the activation of guanylate cyclase and it was also shown that specific ANF receptors are located on brain microvessels and can modulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Finally, it has been shown that atrial natriuretic polypeptides exert various biological actions in the brain including electrophysiological effects in the hypothalamus, modulation of water and salt intake, alteration of various cardiovascular parameters, and release of certain pituitary hormones.Interactions with dopaminergic pathways, vasopressin, and (or) angiotensin II systems could be associated with some biological effects of atrial natriuretic peptides in the brain. Naturally, much remains to be known on the exact physiological role of brain atrial natriuretic factors, but this meeting represents the first attempt towards the integration of the most recent findings in this exciting research area.This symposium was an official satellite of the first joint meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry and the American Society for Neurochemistry, held in Venezuela in May–June 1987. The success of the symposium has been ensured by generous donations from the International Society for Neurochemistry, the Medical Research Council of Canada, and various companies including Amersham International (England), ANAWA Trading SA (Switzerland), Ayerst Laboratories (U.S.A.), Bachem (Switzerland), Bayer AG (West Germany), Bio-Mega Inc. (Canada), Ciba-Geigy Corporation (U.S.A.), Dupont Canada – New England Nuclear Co. (Canada), Eli Lilly Research Laboratories (U.S.A.), Farmitalia Carlo Erba (Italy), Institut Henri Beaufour (France), Merck Sharp &Dohme Research Laboratories (U.S.A.), Miles Laboratories Inc. (U.S.A.), Monsanto Co. (U.S.A.), Novabiochem (Switzerland), Novopharm Ltd. (Canada), Peninsula Laboratories (U.S.A.), and the Peptide Institute and Protein Research Foundation (Japan).

Background:Patients affected by chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin or joints (CIDs; including psoriasis [PSO], rheumatoid arthritis [RA], juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA], psoriatic arthritis [PsA], non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis [nr-axSpA; reported in the survey as ‘axSpA’], or ankylosing spondylitis [AS]) may be challenged in their attempts to have children. A multinational survey conducted in Europe and the US, including 969 patients, revealed that most patients’ concerns regarding family planning and pregnancy (FPP) were inadequately or inconsistently addressed.1Objectives:To investigate the general level of information on FPP and the potential concerns among Danish patients with CIDs.Methods:An online survey to identify FPP issues was designed, and CID patients aged 18–50 years (yrs) were included. Respondents were recruited through patient organisations providing their members with a link to the questionnaire. In addition to demographics, information relating to time of diagnosis, treatments received, pregnancies, and course of disease were collected along with access to and concerns regarding FPP. Descriptive statistics were applied.Results:Eligible patients included 368 with rheumatological diagnoses (RA, PsA, JIA, nr-axSpA, or AS; 304 [83%] female, mean age: 40 yrs; 64 [17%] male, mean age: 42 yrs) and 95 with dermatological diagnoses (PSO or PsA; 64 [67%] female, mean age: 37 yrs; 31 [33%] male, mean age: 42 yrs). Among the rheumatic patients, 43% of females and 53% of males were currently receiving systemic treatment and 37% of females and 22% of males had received >3 different systemic treatments (other than painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]). Lack of access to FPP information was consistent across age groups, but higher in those with dermatological diagnoses (Table).In total, 68% of patients with rheumatological and 73% with dermatological diagnoses had biological children and among these 18% and 23% of patients, respectively, indicated their disease had affected how many children they had or planned to have. The most frequent concerns among patients with rheumatological diagnoses were the potential physical impact of a pregnancy, disease worsening, heredity and being able to take care of the child (19, 16, 16 and 13%, respectively), whilst disease worsening and heredity (12 and 16%, respectively) were the most frequent concerns in those with dermatological diagnoses. Many patients experienced disease worsening during or after pregnancy (rheumatologic diagnoses: 16% and 34%; dermatologic: 20% and 59%, respectively).Conclusion:Danish CID patients of reproductive age have concerns related both to their disease and to FPP, which affect their decisions around family planning. The majority of patients responding to this survey reported limited access to information about FPP, pointing to a need for healthcare professionals to provide standardised family planning information.References:[1] Chakravarty E. BMJ Open 2014;4:e004081.Table.Thematic analysis and quotesThemeDescriptionQuoteOral-RA linksRA medications caused dry mouthThe medications, really, really are awful on your mouth, in particular prednisone. I get very raw gums… it [was] painful to brush my teeth.We don’t have saliva to wash things away. We have a different mouth floraComplicated oral careTime-demanding oral care routines.Multiple oral health care tools and adaptations used depending on current oral health, and RA activity.The severe pain made it very hard to open my mouth to brush my teeth. The joint damage [makes it] really hard to handle a toothbrush.We have to have toothbrushes with a wide handle… and different attachments when we need them.Even with those [special] products, the pain sometimes was just overwhelming. I’m dedicated about brushing my teeth, but boy, it was a struggle. It took me a long time to brush my teeth.Access to professional oral careLack of dental insurance and costs of careLogistical access: multiple dental visits.Physical access: attending appointments; prolonged sitting in a dental chair.I have a hygienist, and a dentist, and a gum dentist and a bunch of dentists with fancy names. I see them every 3 months.Dental offices have dental hygienists. And some of them are an A+, and some of them are C-…it’s important that hygienists are trained, that they really understand the tools.When I go back in the [dental] chair, it was uncomfortable [when first diagnosed]. I struggled. I couldn’t keep my mouth open.Shame due to oral healthShame relating to poor oral health.Seeking oral care possibly considered unusual for their age.I would feel ashamed. Something’s wrong. Everyone around me has these beautiful teeth. I don’t, and something is wrong.I’m getting braces. At my age, I’m getting braces.Table.Proportion of patients with rheumatological or dermatological diagnoses who reported having little or no access to FPP information, stratified by ageAgeRheumatological diagnosisN (%)Dermatological diagnosisN (%)18–29 yrs19 (49)14 (74)30–39 yrs61 (58)16 (73)40–50 yrs134 (60)34 (63)Acknowledgments:This study was funded by UCB Pharma. Editorial services were provided by Costello Medical.Disclosure of Interests:Karen Schreiber Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Caecilie Johansen Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Ulla-Fie Jensen Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Employee of: UCB Pharma, Alexander Egeberg Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Novartis, AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, the Danish National Psoriasis Foundation and the Kgl Hofbundtmager Aage Bang Foundation, Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Almirall, Leo Pharma, Samsung Bioepis Co. Ltd., Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Galderma, Dermavant, UCB Pharma, Mylan, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Simon F. Thomsen Grant/research support from: UCB Pharma, AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi, Leo Pharma, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Roche, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Celgene, Leo Pharma, Almirall, Speakers bureau: UCB Pharma, AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Leo Pharma, Asbjorn L Hansen Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Employee of: UCB Pharma, Trine Bay Laurberg Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Lone Skov Grant/research support from: Pfizer, AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and LEO Pharma, Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Eli Lilly, LEO Pharma, Almirall, and Sanofi, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and LEO Pharma. Investigator for AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Regeneron, and LEO Pharma, Lars Erik Kristensen Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Sannofi (Advisory Board), Abbvie (Advisory Board), Biogen (Advisory Board), Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb,Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Forward Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma

Drug abuse problems have broad and complex dimensions, both from the medical, psychiatric, mental health and psychosocial perspectives. The use of drugs can damage the order of family life, the environment of the community and the school environment, even directly or indirectly a threat to the sustainability of development and the future of the nation and the State. The results in this study are in rehabilitating the Ar-Rahman foundation using emphasis on four main aspects, namely the recovery of physical, mental, spiritual and emotional. The recovery program for 6 months, in the reception of residents or addicts, does not limit the related services such as the BNN, but the family and the community play an important role, the majority of residents at the ArRahman foundation enter with coercion from their parents or family and. From the results of research conducted related to social rehabilitation of drug abuse carried out by the ArRahman Drug Rehabilitation Foundation, it has helped in returning or repairing addicts from drug dependence so that they can re-function as social beings. This is in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law or MaqashidShari'ah to maintain reason. Therefore rehabilitation can be done.

The journal was first established in 1976 with the title Australian Child and Family Welfare (quarterly), and it was known as such for the first 15 years of its existence. It was published by the Children’s Welfare Association of Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia. Co-editors were the Rev Denis Oakley and Dr Peter O’Connor. Denis tells us that the funds to get it started came from the Children’s Welfare Foundation. This foundation was an outstanding example of partnership between business and the non-government sector. Not without controversy, Denis performed on television in his clergyman clobber advertising products for Billy Guyatt stores, drawing in funds for the Foundation which were also applied to the establishment of Grassmere, a community-based youth facility, and to some research work into adoption and family law. The book review editor was Mr Cliff Picton, associate editor was Mr Max Liddell, Mr David Thackeray was business manager, Mr Vernon Knight was circulation manager and the committee providing support was Mrs Glenys Craig, Mr John Edwards, Mr Bill Hughes, Canon Neal Malloy OBE and Mrs Patsy Sebastian. It had a group of interstate representatives, Spencer Colliver, Ray Jenkins, Albert Kruipers, Rev Lyn Reilly, George Belchev, Adam Jamrozik, Geoff Aves and editorial consultants Concetta Ben, Prof Peter Boss, Spencer Colliver and Dr Len Tierney. In the editorial in the first issue was the explanation that the journal was being launched as so much was going on in child and family welfare, that there was a need for a forum. Many of the specialist journals failed to appeal to the broad readership in social welfare, whereas this journal would ‘aim for the broad spectrum of people who make up the vast army of workers in the child and family welfare field … Our concern is to open up discussion on policies and practices, to discuss innovations and the raising of standards.’

The red panda is a lesser carnivore that has adapted to the herbivore diet and is distributed in the Himalayan and Hengduan mountain ranges. The study conducted on red panda in Singalila National Park recorded the highest encounter of the species within the altitude of 2800 to 3200 meters in the broad leaf deciduous and broad leaf coniferous forest. 22.22% of direct sightings of red pandas occurred on plant species belonging to the family Fagaceae and were followed by the family Ericaceae (18.52%). The plant species mostly preferred by the red panda in Singalila National Park were Lithocarpus pachyphyllus, Rhododendron arboreum, Abies densa, and Betulia utilis. During all seasons, the dominant plants found in the red panda pellets were Arundinaria maling and Arundinaria aristata.  The distribution of the red panda is influenced by the presence of the preferred plant species, therefore, through this studies effort has been made to document the plant species used by the red panda in the wild habitat.

The BTB/POZ (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac) family of proteins is widespread in plants and animals and plays important roles in growth, development, metabolism, and environmental responses. There are few reports on BTB family genes in potato. In this study, 34 sequences containing conserved BTB domains were obtained from the potato gene database, and the phylogenetic, physical, and chemical properties, gene structure, conserved motif, domain, and chromosomal localization of the potato BTB protein family were analyzed via bioinformatics methods. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to detect 12 selected StBTB genes. The results confirmed that these genes are involved in cold, ABA, salt, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), drought, and low-nitrogen stress, which is highly important for elucidating BTB family members and studying stress response and tolerance mechanisms. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the function and expression of potato BTB and lays a solid foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanism of the potato BTB gene under various environmental stresses.

BISA School is a non-formal educational institution under the auspices of the Hands for Others Foundation, which provides social services in a broad sense for children from low-income families in the Bintaro area, South Tangerang. This research aims to find out the programs and activities carried out by the BISA School in fulfilling children's rights. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from primary and secondary data with data collection techniques by conducting interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out through data presentation, data reduction, and conclusion. The results of the study indicate that BISA School has several programs and activities that support the fulfillment of children's rights, including educational programs with teaching and learning activities for academic subjects..

This year's annual review of women, work and industrial relations marks an important milestone. Nearly 10 years have elapsed since the introduction of the Fair Work Act 2009, which enshrined important new rights for the progression of gender equality. It is also 10 years since the Journal of Industrial Relations commenced this annual review. In addition to focusing on developments affecting women and work in 2018, this review provides a broad summary of key events over the past decade. We explore trends in women's workforce participation, union membership, economic security and pay equity, as well as major changes pertaining to work–family policy settings, workplace sexual harassment, and family and domestic violence leave. We conclude that although policy and employment frameworks have created a foundation on which to build gender equality, policy development has been sporadic and the context for women in Australian workplaces remains far from equal.

Abstract Innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens, relies on efficient elimination of the invading agents by phagocytes. Thus in the co-evolution of host and pathogen, pathogens developed mechanisms to dampen and evade phagocytic clearance. Here, we report that bacterial pathogens can evade clearance by macrophages through molecular mimicry of a mammalian anti-phagocytic “don’t eat me” signal. Using a high affinity structural probe for human CD47, a dominant “don’t eat me” signal, we discovered a bacterial protein that mimics CD47’s structure on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), a bacterial spirochete that can establish infection in mammals including Lyme Disease (LD). Blockade of the mimic promotes clearance of the infection in vivo. We identified P66, a known virulence factor, as the bacterial mimic of CD47. Finally, we determined that patients who return to health following LD infection are more likely to generate antibodies to p66 compared to patients who do not. This study demonstrates molecular mimicry as a means used by Bb to inhibit macrophages and evade phagocytic clearance; this mechanism may have broad implications for understanding host-pathogen interactions and the development of therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infection. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Fairbairn family foundation; Bay Area Lyme Foundation; the Younger family foundation; the Robert J. Kleberg, Jr., and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation; the Virginia and D. K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research; AML grant R01CA086017; the PCBC from NIHLB U01HL099999; as well as grant U19AI109662. M.C.T. was supported by Stanford Immunology training grant 5T32AI007290, and the NIH NRSA 1 F32 AI124558-01 award. L.B.T.D. was supported by a Stanford Diversifying Academia Recruiting Excellence fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

AbstractThis chapter aims to outline some of the future goals for fragility fracture care and to offer some thoughts on how some of the more significant challenges need to be approached. The increase in the prevalence of fragility fractures is a growing challenge. Globally, fragility fractures have a varied impact. In resource-rich nations, approximately 10–20% of patients move to residential care after a hip fracture, with accompanying financial and socioeconomic costs. Where healthcare services are less well resourced, much fragility fracture care takes place in the patient’s place of residence or that of their family; placing significant stress on their ability to cope. There is also a chronic worldwide shortage of nurses and, in specialties such as orthogeriatrics and fragility fracture management, there is also high patient acuity and high demand for expert care, often resulting in failure to meet patient and community needs. Care is complex and time and staff intensive, demanding staffing flexibility. Nursing care is likely to be missed when staffing ratios are low and when staffing flexibility is lacking. Inordinate energy must be spent in trying to provide care that meets constantly changing patient needs. Clinicians must also engage with governments, policy makers, leaders, employers, and communities to present evidence, lobby and negotiate for their own working conditions, and the care priorities of those for whom they provide care.This chapter focuses on several aspects of the future development of fragility fracture and orthogeriatric care. This includes highlighting the need for new ways of working and nursing role development along with ensuring that care is provided by nurses who not only understand the injury and the acute care needs related to the fracture, but who also recognise the specific and complex needs relating to the frail older person with multiple comorbidities. Clinicians must also be skilled in chronic condition management, especially concerning osteoporosis and other comorbidities.The evidence base for orthogeriatric and fragility fracture nursing is considered throughout this book. Expert care needs a specific and broad body of evidence that identifies exactly what its actions are and what its value is. Hence, the development, conduct, translation, and application of nursing research for the care of patients with fragility fractures is essential and needs to be developed with a global perspective.Education is the foundation of transforming care and services so that patient outcomes following fragility fracture can be optimised and future fractures prevented. Even though nursing education is paramount in achieving optimum patient care, acknowledging that orthogeriatric and fragility fracture care is, by necessity, interdisciplinary is essential. The benefits of multidisciplinary approaches to care, supported by interdisciplinary education are considered here.

Abstract Since its foundation in 1845, Christofle, the firm of silversmiths, has been managed successively by five generations of Charles Christofle ‘s descend ants.1 This enterprise, with its obvious familial character, is representative of a kind of company which is often viewed as being typically French, i.e. one specializing in luxury production.2 In this chapter we will explore the way in which the family managed Christofle. Consequently, we will study the origins of capital at the time of the firm ‘s foundation and examine the mechanisms by which funds were raised for its further development. This point is a crucial one, especially as the family-even in a broad sense-did not hold a majority of the capital before the 1940s. Another key element to understand is the capital structure and the importance of the various alliances among the different shareholders. It is apparent that successive generations of shareholder proved to be very faithful to the company.

Introducing the relationship between weaving and poetry, this chapter presents the study as one bringing together seemingly disparate elements as the foundation of early modern cultural and behavioural norms. Nizami Ganjavi (d. 1209) is cited as the poet whose Khamsa (Quintet) codified two legendary romances: ‘Khusrau and Shirin,’ a love story about besotted royals from Iran and Armenia, respectively; and ‘Layla and Majnun,’ a tale of young Bedouin lovers separated by family strife. Both tales take place in the pre-Islamic era, yet are adapted to medieval Islamic audiences, with strong Sufi mystic references embedded in the text. The Persianate realm is introduced as a broad transnational expanse from Iran to South Asia, unified in the early modern period by the Persian language and Sufi literature.

This chapter considers a broad selection of Perec's writings with particular focus on 'Les Lieux d'une ruse', Espèces d'espaces, Je me souviens, W, ou le souvenir d'enfance, and La Vie mode d'emploi. It brings Perec's work into dialogue with psychoanalyst D.W Winnicott's understanding of creative play as the foundation of a person's sense of self, to argue that, in Perec's writing, play is intimately linked to survival. In particular, it is through play that Perec manages the tension present in his work between a desire to withdraw from the world, and a desire to find one's place within it and belong. Ultimately, the chapter argues, it is through play that Perec creates a substitute, however inadequate, for the structures of family and community from which he was severed.

Abstract In previous chapters we have seen how young people of teen age, quite contrary to the popular view, are mostly reasonably well-behaved, cheerful, equable, and studious. They find much to enjoy in their lives, especially their friendships, their leisure activities, and their family life. In support of this conclusion, a report from the Future Foundation, based on a survey of 500 representative 13–18-year-olds in the spring of 2002, concludes ‘Most teenagers express broad satisfaction with their lives. The majority choose to describe their lives as happy, fun, and carefree. Much of this satisfaction stems from their lives outside of school, where they are enjoying growing freedoms The majority express satisfaction with their family life and enjoy a supportive relationship with their parents Astonishingly, a third of teenagers claim they have not argued at all with their parents in the past year ‘. So this is not a time of life that parents should anticipate with the fear and trembling that some of the media and indeed some professionals seem to encourage. Those in their teens who, as children, got by reasonably well can be expected to continue to do so. Some will have difficulties, but many of those who do will have been troubled since their earlier years. The teen years are not a cure for troubled behaviour; nor do they, as a general rule, cause trouble. Most parents and young people themselves can look forward to the teens as an enjoyable and rewarding time of life.

Abstract Chapters 1 and 4 explored the beginnings of social development in deaf children during the first months of life. The focus there was primarily on the early interactions between infants and their parents, which also were shown to have a role as a foundation for later social development. The present chapter moves beyond early childhoodand the influences of particular individuals to consider the ways in which deaf children develop socially and emotionally as they pass through the school years and into adulthood. In this context, we can look at the influences of early social interactions on later social behavior, but we also have to consider the skills and preferences that children acquire during the early years —characteristics that help to make up their personalities. Throughout the chapter it will be useful to keep in mind that we are discussing general observations and broad but imprecise statements about social-emotional development and other kinds of psychological functioning. Not all deaf children will fit these stereotypes and they are not meant to be prescriptive for any particular child or family. Similarly, because children and families vary widely, the rules, customs, and behaviors learned in the home will not always apply to social situations outside of the home, and those learned in the immediate neighborhood may not apply at school. This situation may be even more true for deaf children.