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Dehio, Niels, Joshua Smith, Dennis L. Wigand, Pouya Mohammadi, Michael Mistry und Jochen J. Steil. „Enabling impedance-based physical human–multi–robot collaboration: Experiments with four torque-controlled manipulators“. International Journal of Robotics Research 41, Nr. 1 (24.11.2021): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783649211053650.
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Robotics research into multi-robot systems so far has concentrated on implementing intelligent swarm behavior and contact-less human interaction. Studies of haptic or physical human-robot interaction, by contrast, have primarily focused on the assistance offered by a single robot. Consequently, our understanding of the physical interaction and the implicit communication through contact forces between a human and a team of multiple collaborative robots is limited. We here introduce the term Physical Human Multi-Robot Collaboration (PHMRC) to describe this more complex situation, which we consider highly relevant in future service robotics. The scenario discussed in this article covers multiple manipulators in close proximity and coupled through physical contacts. We represent this set of robots as fingers of an up-scaled agile robot hand. This perspective enables us to employ model-based grasping theory to deal with multi-contact situations. Our torque-control approach integrates dexterous multi-manipulator grasping skills, optimization of contact forces, compensation of object dynamics, and advanced impedance regulation into a coherent compliant control scheme. For this to achieve, we contribute fundamental theoretical improvements. Finally, experiments with up to four collaborative KUKA LWR IV+ manipulators performed both in simulation and real world validate the model-based control approach. As a side effect, we notice that our multi-manipulator control framework applies identically to multi-legged systems, and we execute it also on the quadruped ANYmal subject to non-coplanar contacts and human interaction.
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Somerville, Mary M., und Niki Chatzipanagiotou. „Informed Systems: Enabling Collaborative Evidence Based Organizational Learning“. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 10, Nr. 4 (13.12.2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8vp4x.
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Abstract
Objective – In response to unrelenting disruptions in academic publishing and higher education ecosystems, the Informed Systems approach supports evidence based professional activities to make decisions and take actions. This conceptual paper presents two core models, Informed Systems Leadership Model and Collaborative Evidence-Based Information Process Model, whereby co-workers learn to make informed decisions by identifying the decisions to be made and the information required for those decisions. This is accomplished through collaborative design and iterative evaluation of workplace systems, relationships, and practices. Over time, increasingly effective and efficient structures and processes for using information to learn further organizational renewal and advance nimble responsiveness amidst dynamically changing circumstances.
Methods – The integrated Informed Systems approach to fostering persistent workplace inquiry has its genesis in three theories that together activate and enable robust information usage and organizational learning. The information- and learning-intensive theories of Peter Checkland in England, which advance systems design, stimulate participants’ appreciation during the design process of the potential for using information to learn. Within a co-designed environment, intentional social practices continue workplace learning, described by Christine Bruce in Australia as informed learning enacted through information experiences. In addition, in Japan, Ikujiro Nonaka’s theories foster information exchange processes and knowledge creation activities within and across organizational units. In combination, these theories promote the kind of learning made possible through evolving and transferable capacity to use information to learn through design and usage of collaborative communication systems with associated professional practices. Informed Systems therein draws from three antecedent theories to create an original theoretical approach.
Results – Over time and with practice, as co-workers design and enact information-focused and evidence based learning experiences, they learn the way to decision-making and action-taking. Increasingly more complex experiences of information exchange, sense making, and knowledge creation, well supported by workplace communication systems and professional practices, further dialogue and reflection and thereby enrich analysis and interpretation of complexities and interdependencies.
Conclusions - Research projects and evaluation studies conducted since 2003 demonstrate the transformative potential of the holistic Informed Systems approach to creating robust workplace learning environments. Leaders are responsible for design of workplace environments supportive of well contextualized, information-rich conversations. Co-workers revisit both the nature of organizational information and the purpose of organizational work. As colleagues better understand the complexities of the organization and its situation, they learn to diagnose problems and identify consequences, guided by Informed Systems models. Systemic activity and process models activate collaborative evidence based information processes within enabling conditions for thought leadership and workplace learning that recognize learning is social. Enabling communication systems and professional practices therefore intentionally catalyze and support collegial inquiry to co-create information experiences and organizational knowledge through evidence based practice to enliven capacity, inform decisions, produce improvements, and sustain relationships. The Informed Systems approach is thereby a contribution to professional practice and workplace renewal through evidence based decision-making and action-taking in contemporary organizations.
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Leng, Jie Wu, Ping Yu Jiang, Fu Qiang Zhang und Wei Cao. „Framework and Key Enabling Technologies for Social Manufacturing“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (Februar 2013): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.498.
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The role of manufacturing has changed from a producer of products and services to one that integrates the whole industry value chain. In this situation, this paper proposed a new-type networked manufacturing mode which is called outsourcing-driven social manufacturing (od-SM) to solve complex manufacturing problems and perform large-scale collaborative manufacturing. First, the framework of od-SM is proposed. Then, some key enabling technologies such as modeling and community structure of outsourcing-driven social manufacturing network (od-SMN) and generation of outsourcing-driven transient machining system (od-TMS) are talked about in detail. Finally, the conclusions and future work are put forward.
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JOHNSON, WILLIAM H. A. „ASSESSING ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE CREATION THEORY IN COLLABORATIVE R&D PROJECTS“. International Journal of Innovation Management 06, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2002): 387–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919602000653.
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The paper describes research from an intensive study of technological innovation in collaborative research and development (R&D) projects. Specifically, the factors of organizational knowledge creation presented by Nonaka and Takeuchi are extended into the inter-organizational realm by examining survey results of 25 collaborative R&D projects. A case study is also presented from a set of six in-depth cases from the study's population of projects. It was found that specification of goals and scanning of relevant environment factors were significant positive factors in successful technological innovation in this context. In general, the results presented in this paper indicate that inter-organizational collaboration in R&D may require different technical knowledge-creating factors or enabling conditions from the single organization situation. Practical and theoretical implications regarding the use of such managerial devices in successful technical knowledge creation strategies are also discussed.
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Castellano, Giovanna, Mario G. C. A. Cimino, Anna Maria Fanelli, Beatrice Lazzerini, Francesco Marcelloni und Maria Alessandra Torsello. „A multi-agent system for enabling collaborative situation awareness via position-based stigmergy and neuro-fuzzy learning“. Neurocomputing 135 (Juli 2014): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2013.03.066.
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Jiang, Chenhan, Yiqi Xiao und Hongyi Cao. „Co-Creating for Locality and Sustainability: Design-Driven Community Regeneration Strategy in Shanghai’s Old Residential Context“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (08.04.2020): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072997.
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Community regeneration has drawn much attention in both the urban development and sustainable design fields in the last decade. As a response to the regeneration challenges of Shanghai’s old and high-density communities, this article proposes two design-driven strategies: enabling residents to become innovation protagonists and facilitating collaborative entrepreneurial clusters based on the reorganization of community resources. Two ongoing collaborative projects between the Siping community and Tongji University—Open Your Space microregeneration (OYS) and the Neighborhood of Innovation, Creativity, and Entrepreneurship Towards 2035 (NICE 2035) living labs project—are adopted as main case studies. Research findings are put forward through a structured analysis of qualitative data. Firstly, we reviewed the situation and sustainable goals for Shanghai’s old residential communities, and how design-centric social innovation and collaboration can be effective interventions. Secondly, we analyzed resident empowerment approaches to decision-making, co-design, and co-management processes in OYS with participatory observation. Finally, through participants’ interviews and key events analysis in NICE 2035, we investigated how living labs reuse community distributed resources to develop lifestyle-based business prototypes. The inquiry of this article proposes a co-creation mechanism and action guides towards localized and sustainable community regeneration, which can provide a contextual paradigm for similar challenges.
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Nuhoğlu Kibar, Pınar, Kevin Sullivan und Buket Akkoyunlu. „Creatıng Infographics Based on the Bridge21 Model for Team-based and Technology-mediated Learning“. Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice 18 (2019): 087–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4418.
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Aim/Purpose: The main aim of this study was modeling a collaborative process for knowledge visualization, via the creation of infographics. Background: As an effective method for visualizing complex information, creating infographics requires learners to generate and cultivate a deep knowledge of content and enables them to concisely visualize and share this knowledge. This study investigates creating infographics as a knowledge visualization process for collaborative learning situations by integrating the infographic design model into the team-based and technology-mediated Bridge21 learning model. Methodology: This study was carried out using an educational design perspective by conducting three main cycles comprised of three micro cycles: analysis and exploration; design and construction; evaluation and reflection. The process and the scaffolding were developed and enhanced from cycle to cycle based on both qualitative and quantitative methods by using the infographic design rubric and researcher observations acquired during implementation. Respectively, twenty-three, twenty-four, and twenty-four secondary school students participated in the infographic creation process cycles. Contribution: This research proposes an extensive step-by-step process model for creating infographics as a method of visualization for learning. It is particularly relevant for working with complex information, in that it enables collaborative knowledge construction and sharing of condensed knowledge. Findings: Creating infographics can be an effective method for collaborative learning situations by enabling knowledge construction, visualization and sharing. The Bridge21 activity model constituted the spine of the infographic creation process. The content generation, draft generation, and visual and digital design generation components of the infographic design model matched with the investigate, plan and create phases of the Bridge21 activity model respectively. Improvements on infographic design results from cycle to cycle suggest that the revisions on the process model succeeded in their aims. The rise in each category was found to be significant, but the advance in visual design generation was particularly large. Recommendations for Practitioners: The effectiveness of the creation process and the quality of the results can be boosted by using relevant activities based on learner prior knowledge and skills. While infographic creation can lead to a focus on visual elements, the importance of wording must be emphasized. Being a multidimensional process, groups need guidance to ensure effective collaboration. Recommendation for Researchers: The proposed collaborative infographic creation process could be structured and evaluated for online learning environments, which will improve interaction and achievement by enhancing collaborative knowledge creation. Impact on Society: In order to be knowledge constructors, innovative designers, creative communicators and global collaborators, learners need to be surrounded by adequate learning environments. The infographic creation process offers them a multidimensional learning situation. They must understand the problem, find an effective way to collect information, investigate their data, develop creative and innovative perspectives for visual design and be comfortable for using digital creation tools. Future Research: The infographic creation process could be investigated in terms of required learner prior knowledge and skills, and could be enhanced by developing pre-practices and scaffolding.
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Yu, Tong. „Exploration of Training culinary talents in Higher vocational colleges under the background of “Cantonese Cuisine Chef Project”“. SHS Web of Conferences 168 (2023): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316803011.
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The implementation of the “Guangdong Cuisine Master” project in Guangdong Province has promoted the development of school-enterprise cooperation in the integration of production and education in higher vocational culinary majors, and the integration of production and education, as well as school-enterprise collaborative education, have become the main direction of the reform and development of the talent cultivation model for higher vocational culinary majors. Through the establishment of an industrial college, the construction of a community of shared destiny between schools and enterprises, the implementation of modern apprenticeship, and the joint construction, management, win-win cooperation, and benefit sharing between schools and enterprises, truly enabling “enterprises to obtain talents, students to obtain skills, and schools to develop”, achieving a win-win situation among schools, enterprises, and students.
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A. Ghaleb, Fuad, Faisal Saeed, Mohammad Al-Sarem, Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy, Wadii Boulila, A. E. M. Eljialy, Khalid Aloufi und Mamoun Alazab. „Misbehavior-Aware On-Demand Collaborative Intrusion Detection System Using Distributed Ensemble Learning for VANET“. Electronics 9, Nr. 9 (01.09.2020): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091411.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) play an important role as enabling technology for future cooperative intelligent transportation systems (CITSs). Vehicles in VANETs share real-time information about their movement state, traffic situation, and road conditions. However, VANETs are susceptible to the cyberattacks that create life threatening situations and/or cause road congestion. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that rely on the cooperation between vehicles to detect intruders, were the most suggested security solutions for VANET. Unfortunately, existing cooperative IDSs (CIDSs) are vulnerable to the legitimate yet compromised collaborators that share misleading and manipulated information and disrupt the IDSs’ normal operation. As such, this paper proposes a misbehavior-aware on-demand collaborative intrusion detection system (MA-CIDS) based on the concept of distributed ensemble learning. That is, vehicles individually use the random forest algorithm to train local IDS classifiers and share their locally trained classifiers on-demand with the vehicles in their vicinity, which reduces the communication overhead. Once received, the performance of the classifiers is evaluated using the local testing dataset in the receiving vehicle. The evaluation values are used as a trustworthiness factor and used to rank the received classifiers. The classifiers that deviate much from the box-and-whisker plot lower boundary are excluded from the set of the collaborators. Then, each vehicle constructs an ensemble of weighted random forest-based classifiers that encompasses the locally and remotely trained classifiers. The outputs of the classifiers are aggregated using a robust weighted voting scheme. Extensive simulations were conducted utilizing the network security laboratory-knowledge discovery data mining (NSL-KDD) dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed MA-CIDS model. The obtained results show that MA-CIDS performs better than the other existing models in terms of effectiveness and efficiency for VANET.
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Anderson, Theo. „Keeping the workforce healthy and safe during COVID-19 at Woodside“. APPEA Journal 61, Nr. 2 (2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20154.
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Keeping the workforce healthy and safe during COVID-19 required extraordinary responses from Australian extractive industries. Woodside maintained safe and reliable operations using a collaborative and principle driven approach to health and safety leadership to protect its workforce. Woodside demonstrated an ability to respond rapidly and decisively to the COVID-19 pandemic. Health principles were quickly developed, guiding staff on the importance of hygiene, maintaining health at work and quickly reporting any flu-like illness symptoms. Technology was used to analyse travel history, health status and potential exposure. Site-specific controls to limit access and prevent potential spread of infections were implemented. Procedures to manage potential cases were developed and operating models were modified to ensure business continuity for safety critical roles. As rosters were modified and people worked from home, a wellbeing framework guided the implementation of preventative and mitigative controls for mental health. Leaders encouraged the small working groups to back their judgement as the situation rapidly evolved, providing time and space for the teams to develop and implement effective health management plans. Woodside worked collaboratively with industry partners, contractors and communities, recognising the importance of collaboration to align responses and remove barriers to deliver effective controls. Support and enablement of leaders was a key focus area. Significant emphasis was placed on enabling optimal human performance by focusing on emerging risks, for example how leaders can optimise human performance in the key areas of mental wellbeing, fatigue management and remote leadership when restrictions limited traditional face-to-face support on operational sites.
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Chellali, R., C. Dumas, Nicolas Mollet und G. Subileau. „SyTroN: A Virtual Classroom for Collaborative and Distant E-Learning System by Teleoperating Real Devices“. International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/627109.
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Distant E-learning is a main issue nowadays, and it is strongly motivated by social and economical considerations. The increased people mobility and the reduction of educational costs push to develop ad hoc solutions enabling to access to knowledge regardless to geographical situation and economical capabilities. These parameters should not be limits for good training: learning material's pertinence and efficiency have to remain the core of educational activities. In this paper we address the problem through SyTroN: a tele-learning system. This system combines virtual reality and teleoperation techniques to offer an open platform with two main objectives. The first one is to propose intuitive virtual classrooms/desks, including a real teacher supervision and supporting collaborative and individual distant learning. The second goal is to place learners in real conditions with remote connections to real devices allowing distant experimentations. Both goals participate to increase learning impacts and to reduce costs, that is, sharing costly real devices from anywhere at any time. After 5 years of development, our work has been validated by an extensive use at a high engineering school. In situ tests and learning impact studies have been done. They show some advantages and some drawbacks of our global solution.
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Monteiro, Elisabete S. V., Cidália C. Fonte und João L. M. P. de Lima. „Improving the positional accuracy of drainage networks extracted from Global Digital Elevation Models using OpenstreetMap data“. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 66, Nr. 3 (01.09.2018): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0057.
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Abstract Drainage networks allow the extraction of topographic parameters that are useful for basins characterization and necessary for hydrologic modelling. One way to obtain drainage networks is by their extraction from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). However, it is common that no freely available DEMs at regional or national level exist. One way to overcome this situation is to use the available free Global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs). However, these datasets have relatively low spatial resolutions, 30 and 90 meters for ASTER and SRTM, respectively, and it has been shown that their accuracy is relatively low in several regions (e.g., Kääb, 2005; Mukul et al., 2017). In this study a methodology is presented to improve the positional accuracy of the drainage networks extracted from the GDEMs using crowdsourced data available in the collaborative project OpenStreetMap (OSM). In this approach only free and global datasets are used, enabling its application to any location of the world. The methodology uses elevation points derived from the GDEMs and the water lines extracted from the collaborative project OSM to generate new DEMs, from which new water lines are obtained. The methodology is applied to two study areas and the positional accuracy of the used data and the obtained results are assessed using reference data.
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Khennache, Lylia, Jan Adamowski und Nicolas Kosoy. „The Eastern Nile River Waterscape: The Role of Power in Policy-making and Shaping National Narratives“. International Negotiation 22, Nr. 1 (20.02.2017): 123–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341350.
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This article examines the role of power interchanges in hindering collaborative efforts over shared water resources in the Eastern Nile River. We track the formative process of riparian countries’ narratives, showing how they problematize the watershed differently in accordance with the typology of power dimensions laid out under a proposed framework calledPower on Water to Water Policy(pwwp). The framework presented attempts to give: (i) a power analysis of the riparian countries’ interactions, and (ii) a prescription of intervention avenues for river basin governance. The use of scientific literature and interviews triangulate data collection to ensure a more accurate analysis. Application of thepwwpframework is shown to contribute an original perspective to watershed management, enabling first, a comprehensive understanding of the Eastern Nile River situation from a power and institutional perspective and second, the identification of elements disrupting effective implementation of water resources management in the watershed.
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Hansson, Karin, Teresa Cerratto Pargman und Shaowen Bardzell. „Materializing activism“. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 30, Nr. 5-6 (25.10.2021): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-021-09412-5.
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AbstractOnline activism showcases how available digital tools allow social movements to emerge, scale up, and extend globally by fundamentally enabling new forms of power. This special issue brings together eight research articles that engage with the collaborative efforts embedded in various types of activism by studying features such as the socio-technical systems involved; how the activism is organized; relations between traditional and social media; and the complex network of systems, information, people, values, theories, histories, ideologies, and aesthetics that constitutes such activisms. The articles show the spaces in which this activism materializes, and particularly their situation in several intersecting dimensions including motivation, culture, language, and infrastructure. Together, these articles reflect the methodological breadth required to materialize online activism and the need to develop a more nuanced conceptualization of the media ecologies involved. By mapping out how activism is enabled and constrained by human-computer interfaces, this special issue contributes to open up the black box of online activism.
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Hynes, Niki, und Andrew David Elwell. „The role of inter-organizational networks in enabling or delaying disruptive innovation: a case study of mVoIP“. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 31, Nr. 6 (04.07.2016): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2012-0168.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of inter-organizational networks in the emergence of a disruptive technology by taking a snapshot view of the UK market for mobile voice over internet protocol (mVoIP) technologies. By delineating the technologies required for an mVoIP call to occur, the role of incumbents, technology and inter-organizational networks is explored. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a case study approach using secondary data from a variety of sources including company websites, newspapers, technical press and users to form a picture of the current situation. Findings The authors show that inter-organizational networks can act both to enable and delay disruptive technologies. They discuss the difference between collaborative and collective actions and the way in which these can slow or even prevent a new emerging technology. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on secondary data and the research results may lack generalizability to other technologies. Practical implications The need for new business models for mVoIP is discussed. Originality/value Disruptive technologies are difficult to predict or map until after the market disruption has occurred. This paper aims to map a disruptive technology at a point in time when the technology is still emerging. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of technology and market actions and is also based on secondary data: it is limited at the detailed level to one geographic market but provides a unique snapshot of an emerging disruptive technology.
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PITTARELLO, FABIO. „SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF WEB 3D WORLDS THROUGH SOCIAL TAGGING“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 21, Nr. 01 (Februar 2011): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194011005165.
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Free-tagging is one of the leading mechanisms characterizing the so-called web 2.0, enabling users to define collaboratively the meaning of web data for improving their findability. Tagging is applied in several forms to hypermedia data, that represent the largest part of the information on the web. In spite of that, there is a growing part of web data made of 3D vectors representing real objects such as trees, houses and people that lacks any semantic definition. Such situation prevents any advanced use of the data contained inside these 3D worlds, including seeking, filtering and manipulation of the objects represented by vectors. This work proposes a bottom-up approach for adding semantics to such data, based on the collaborative effort of users navigating the web. This paper, after describing the similarities and the differences that characterize tagging for hypermedia and interactive 3D worlds, discusses the design choices that have guided the definition of a specification for associating tags to 3D objects. The proposed specification is based on X3D — the ISO standard for describing 3D interactive worlds for the net — and permits to tag a large part of the existing 3D worlds compliant with this standard. A client-software web architecture for tagging and navigating 3D worlds compliant with the specification presented is illustrated. Finally, a web-based user interface for tagging and browsing the result of the cooperative activity of users is presented and applied to a complex 3D world related to the cultural heritage domain.
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Ezemenaka, Kingsley Emeka. „Unregulated Migration and Nigeria-EU Relations“. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 13, Nr. 3 (25.09.2019): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51870/cejiss.a130302.
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This article presents the social and political causes of Nigeria-EU migration issues concerning unregulated migration that has been affecting the EU. This was done through qualitative and quantitative methodology, which includes interviews, data gathering and documentary analysis. From the findings and discussion, the article submits that the main problems frustrating the effort of the EU interventions on migration is the political situation of Nigeria. If the political sphere in Nigeria is not addressed in a proper way by eradicating numerous vices that undermine the economy and security through corruption, granting and assisting funds by the EU will be a superficial solution. It also presents the unconventional neo-vectors of migration and concludes that, since migration is a part of the human right through freedom of movement, which is also enshrined in human security, migration issues therefore cannot be exterminated through the building of migration centres. However, they can be reduced, if there are effective collaborative efforts by the Nigeria-EU relations in conjunction with other African states through strong border controls and enabling development as a precursor to addressing migration problems.
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Sinha, Manish, und Divyank Srivastava. „Impact of recommender algorithms on the sales of e-commerce websites“. International Journal of Innovation Science 13, Nr. 2 (13.01.2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-09-2020-0155.
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Purpose With the current pandemic situation, the world is shifting to online buying and therefore the purpose of this study is to understand how the industry can improve sales based on the product recommendations shown on their online platforms. Design/methodology/approach This paper has studied content-based filtering using decision trees algorithm and collaborative filtering using K-nearest neighbour algorithm and measured their impact on sales of product of different genres on e-commerce websites and if their recommendation causes a difference in sales.This paper has conducted a field experiment to analyse the customer frequency, change in sales caused by different algorithms and also tried analysing the change in buying preferences of customers in post-pandemic situation and how this paper can improve on the search results by incorporating them in the already used algorithms. Findings This study indicates that different algorithms cause differences in sales and score over each other depending upon the category of the product sold. It also suggests that post-Covid, the buying frequency and the preferences of consumers have changed significantly. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to existing users of these sites, it also requires the sites to have a huge database of active users and products. Also, the preferences and likings of Indian subcontinent might not generally apply everywhere else. Originality/value This study enables better insight into consumer behaviour, thus enabling the data scientists to design better algorithms and help the companies improve their product sales.
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Berger, Jens D., Steve Hughes, Richard Snowball, Bob Redden, Sarita Jane Bennett, Jon C. Clements und Fawzy Nawar. „Strengthening the impact of plant genetic resources through collaborative collection, conservation, characterisation, and evaluation: a tribute to the legacy of Dr Clive Francis“. Crop and Pasture Science 64, Nr. 4 (2013): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13023.
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This paper is a tribute to the legacy of Dr Clive Francis, who directly and indirectly collected >14 000 accessions across 60 genera of pasture, forage, and crop species and their wild relatives around the Mediterranean basin, Eastern Africa, and Central and South Asia from 1973 to 2005. This was achieved by a collaborative approach that built strong interactions between disparate organisations (ICARDA, VIR, CLIMA, and Australian genebanks) based on germplasm exchange, conservation and documentation, capacity building, and joint collection. These activities greatly strengthened Australian pasture, forage, and crop genebanks, and led to widespread germplasm utilisation that has waned in the last 5 years, reflecting changing priorities among industry funding bodies and research providers. This situation must be reversed, given the pivotal role genetic resource collections must play to broaden the genetic and adaptive base of plant breeding, to meet the challenge of feeding an increasing population in a depleting resource base. Because the use of germplasm subsets that facilitate phenotyping will stimulate wider utilisation of genetic resources, we discuss the application of core collection and germplasm selection through habitat characterisation/filtering in Australian collections. Both are valid entry points into large collections, but the latter has the advantage of enabling both trait discovery and investigation of plant adaptation, and because it is based on a priori hypothesis testing, it increases understanding even when the trait of interest is not identified.
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Welsford-Ackroyd, Finn, Andrew Chalmers, Rafael Kuffner dos Anjos, Daniel Medeiros, Hyejin Kim und Taehyun Rhee. „Spectator View: Enabling Asymmetric Interaction between HMD Wearers and Spectators with a Large Display“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, ISS (03.11.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3486951.
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In this paper, we present a system that allows a user with a head-mounted display (HMD) to communicate and collaborate with spectators outside of the headset. We evaluate its impact on task performance, immersion, and collaborative interaction. Our solution targets scenarios like live presentations or multi-user collaborative systems, where it is not convenient to develop a VR multiplayer experience and supply each user (and spectator) with an HMD. The spectator views the virtual world on a large-scale tiled video wall and is given the ability to control the orientation of their own virtual camera. This allows spectators to stay focused on the immersed user's point of view or freely look around the environment. To improve collaboration between users, we implemented a pointing system where a spectator can point at objects on the screen, which maps an indicator directly onto the objects in the virtual world. We conducted a user study to investigate the influence of rotational camera decoupling and pointing gestures in the context of HMD-immersed and non-immersed users utilizing a large-scale display. Our results indicate that camera decoupling and pointing positively impacts collaboration. A decoupled view is preferable in situations where both users need to indicate objects of interest in the scene, such as presentations and joint-task scenarios, as it requires a shared reference space. A coupled view, on the other hand, is preferable in synchronous interactions such as remote-assistant scenarios.
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CABALLÉ, SANTI, THANASIS DARADOUMIS, FATOS XHAFA und JORDI CONESA. „ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN ONLINE COLLABORATIVE LEARNING“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 20, Nr. 04 (Juni 2010): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194010004839.
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This paper aims to explore two crucial aspects of collaborative work and learning: on the one hand, the importance of enabling collaborative learning applications to capture and structure the information generated by group activity and, on the other hand, to extract the relevant knowledge in order to provide learners and tutors with efficient awareness, feedback and support with regards to group performance and collaboration. To this end, in this paper we first propose a conceptual model for data analysis and management that identifies and classifies the many kinds of indicators that describe collaboration and learning into high-level aspects of collaboration. Then, we provide a computational platform that, at a first step, collects and classifies both the event information generated asynchronously from the users' actions and the labeled dialogues from the synchronous collaboration according to these indicators. This information is then analyzed in next steps to eventually extract and present to participants the relevant knowledge about the collaboration. The ultimate aim of this platform is to efficiently embed information and knowledge into collaborative learning applications. We eventually suggest a generalization of our approach to be used in diverse collaborative learning situations and domains.
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Gudauskas, Renaldas, Rimantas Gatautis und Elena Vitkauskaitė. „Statybų sektoriaus smulkių ir vidutinių įmonių ateities e. vizija: e. verslo perspektyva“. Informacijos mokslai 41 (01.01.2007): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2007.0.3458.
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Europos Komisijos finansuojamo e-NVISION projekto tikslas – sukurti naujovišką e. verslo platformą smulkioms ir vidutinio dydžio įmonėms, sudarant joms sąlygas modeliuoti ir pritaikyti savo organizacijose konkrečius e. verslo scenarijus, kurie tenkintų vartotojų ir tiekėjų poreikius. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas šių scenarijų įgyvendinimas, grindžiamas sprendimais, integruojančiais partnerių reikalavimus atitinkančias paslaugas. Laikomasi į paslaugas orientuotos sprendimų architektūros kūrimo principo, įvertinančio teisinius, ekonominius ir socialinius veiksnius, lemiančius tokio pobūdžio paslaugų įgyvendinimą. Kuriami technologiniai sprendimai siekti bendro tikslo – paskatinti smulkių ir vidutinių įmonių, ypač naujų šalių narių įmonių, dalyvavimą Europos Sąjungos ateities e. verslo scenarijuose.SMEs in construction sector: future business scenariosRenaldas Gudauskas, Rimantas Gatautis, Elena Vitkauskaitė SummaryFuture business in Europe will be conducted through flexible networks of interdependent organizations. It will be global, open and collaborative, dynamic and adoptive, frictionless and consistent. Information communication technologies (ICT) will be one of the essential presuppositions for successful business development. All industries will be affected by such kind transformations and construction sector is not an exception.Problem: e-Business use in construction sector is very limited comparing with other industries analysed in e-Business W@tch (2005). Most of companies prefer reactive activities to active ones in terms of ICT use. Such situation might be explained by particularities of services provided and construction processes and by slow penetration of ICT in sector there dominates SMEs. The main objective of EU funded project e-NVISION is the development and validation of an innovative e-Business platform enabling Construction SMEs to model and adapt particular business scenarios; to integrate all their enterprise applications and to incorporate legal, economical, social and cultural services, with the final goal of facilitating their participation in the Future European e-Business Scenario.The aim: to identify most important internal processes of construction SMEs and to evaluate possibilities to use ICT to optimise those processes.
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Brigh, A., D. Brass, J. Clachan, KA Drake und AD Joret. „Canopy cover is correlated with reduced injurious feather pecking in commercial flocks of free-range laying hens“. Animal Welfare 20, Nr. 3 (August 2011): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860000289x.
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AbstractInjurious feather pecking in non-cage systems is a serious economic and welfare concern for the egg-producing industry. Here, we describe the first results from an ongoing collaborative project to improve range environment and welfare of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) within the McDonald's Restaurants Ltd, UK supply base. The objective of this study was to investigate, in a commercial situation, the correlation between: i) proportion of range cover and ii) proportion of canopy cover, with plumage damage of end-of-lay hens. The assessment of plumage damage due to injurious feather pecking is a key animal-based welfare indicator for laying hens in non-cage systems. In 2007 and 2008, all laying-hen producers within the McDonald's Restaurants Ltd egg-supply base, were required to plant (if not present already), 5% of the total range area with blocks of trees ether side, and between 20-25 m from the laying hen house. Plumage damage at end of lay was positively correlated with mortality and flocks depleted in summer had less plumage damage at end of lay than flocks depleted in autumn or winter, possibly because of weather conditions at the time of placement. There was no correlation between the proportion (5-90%) of range cover and plumage damage at the end of lay, however, plumage damage was negatively correlated with percent of canopy cover within tree-planted areas. Providing a minimum of 5% tree cover, planted close to the house but with good canopy coverage, may be a feasible and practical method enabling producers to reduce plumage damage due to injurious feather pecking in their laying-hen flocks. Tree cover provision may also provide environmental benefits, such as soil stabilisation, reduced nutrient leaching and carbon sequestration.
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Cunningham, Charmaine, Marietjie Vosloo und Lee A. Wallis. „Interprofessional sense-making in the emergency department: A SenseMaker study“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 3 (09.03.2023): e0282307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282307.
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Background Emergency Departments serve as a main entry point for patients into hospitals, and the team, the core of which is formed by doctors and nurses needs to make sense of and respond to the constant flux of information. This requires sense-making, communication, and collaborative operational decision-making. The study’s main aim was to explore how collective, interprofessional sense-making occurs in the emergency department. Collective sense-making is deemed a precursor for adaptive capability, which, in turn, promotes coping in a dynamically changing environment. Method Doctors and nurses working in five large state emergency departments in Cape Town, South Africa, were invited to participate. Using the SenseMaker® tool, a total of 84 stories were captured over eight weeks between June and August 2018. Doctors and nurses were equally represented. Once participants shared their stories, they self-analysed these stories within a specially designed framework. The stories and self-codified data were analysed separately. Each self-codified data point was plotted in R-studio and inspected for patterns, after which the patterns were further explored. The stories were analysed using content analysis. The SenseMaker® software allows switching between quantitative (signifier) and qualitative (descriptive story) data during interpretation, enabling more deeply nuanced analyses. Results The results focused on four aspects of sense-making, namely views on the availability of information, the consequences of decisions (actions), assumptions regarding appropriate action, and preferred communication methods. There was a noticeable difference in what doctors and nurses felt would constitute appropriate action. The nurses were more likely to act according to rules and policies, whereas the doctors were more likely to act according to the situation. More than half of the doctors indicated that they found it best to communicate informally, whereas the nurses indicated that formal communication worked best for them. Conclusion This study was the first to explore the ED’s interprofessional team’s adaptive capability to respond to situations from a sense-making perspective. We found an operational disconnect between doctors and nurses caused by asymmetric information, disjointed decision-making approaches, differences in habitual communication styles, and a lack of shared feedback loops. By cultivating their varied sense-making experiences into one integrated operational foundation with stronger feedback loops, interprofessional teams’ adaptive capability and operational effectiveness in Cape Town EDs can be improved.
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Hussain, Manzoor, Nazakat Ali und Jang-Eui Hong. „Vision beyond the Field-of-View: A Collaborative Perception System to Improve Safety of Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems“. Sensors 22, Nr. 17 (01.09.2022): 6610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176610.
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Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that interact with each other to achieve common goals are known as collaborative CPSs. Collaborative CPSs can achieve complex goals that individual CPSs cannot achieve on their own. One of the examples of collaborative CPSs is the vehicular cyber-physical systems (VCPSs), which integrate computing and physical resources to interact with each other to improve traffic safety, situational awareness, and efficiency. The perception system of individual VCPS has limitations on its coverage and detection accuracy. For example, the autonomous vehicle’s sensor cannot detect occluded objects and obstacles beyond its field of view. The VCPS can combine its own data with other collaborative VCPSs to enhance perception, situational awareness, accuracy, and traffic safety. This paper proposes a collaborative perception system to detect occluded objects through the camera sensor’s image fusion and stitching technique. The proposed collaborative perception system combines the perception of surrounding autonomous driving systems (ADSs) that extends the detection range beyond the field of view. We also applied logistic chaos map-based encryption in our collaborative perception system in order to avoid the phantom information shared by malicious vehicles and improve safety in collaboration. It can provide the real-time perception of occluded objects, enabling safer control of ADSs. The proposed collaborative perception can detect occluded objects and obstacles beyond the field of view that individual VCPS perception systems cannot detect, improving the safety of ADSs. We investigated the effectiveness of collaborative perception and its contribution toward extended situational awareness on the road in the simulation environment. Our simulation results showed that the average detection rate of proposed perception systems was 45.4% more than the perception system of an individual ADS. The safety analysis showed that the response time was increased up to 1 s, and the average safety distance was increased to 1.2 m when the ADSs were using collaborative perception compared to those scenarios in which the ADSs were not using collaborative perception.
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Nakakawa, Agnes, Patrick Van Bommel, Erik H. A. Proper und Hans J. B. F. Mulder. „A Situational Method for Creating Shared Understanding on Requirements for an Enterprise Architecture“. International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 27, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843018500107.
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Lack of shared understanding among stakeholders is a commonly cited drawback in enterprise architecture development. Stakeholders need to have shared understanding of requirements and principles for an enterprise architecture, and the extent to which the resultant architecture addresses their concerns. However, existing approaches for enterprise architecture development lack adequate capabilities for managing aspects associated with creating shared understanding among stakeholders. Although such aspects can be largely managed by approaches for collaborative decision making and soft systems thinking, these approaches lack details on the enterprise architecture process and its products. Therefore, this paper explores ways of mutually diminishing these gaps through adopting situational method engineering, to guide the development of a situational method for enabling stakeholders to acquire shared understanding of requirements for an enterprise architecture. The situational method presented herein is a component of a broader method for supporting collaboration between stakeholders and architects during enterprise architecture creation. Although the latter was successfully evaluated in 6 enterprises, it exhibited highest performance scores in two enterprises after it was amended with the situational method. Therefore, this paper also presents key findings from evaluating the situational method in the two agencies that are located in Uganda.
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Crick, James M., Masoud Karami und Dave Crick. „The impact of the interaction between an entrepreneurial marketing orientation and coopetition on business performance“. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27, Nr. 6 (19.03.2021): 1423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2020-0871.
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PurposeCertain small businesses do not possess the assets needed to implement a performance-enhancing entrepreneurial marketing orientation (opportunity-driven behaviours focussed on creating value for customers). Although some entrepreneurs cooperate with their competitors (coopetition) to achieve their day-to-day and long-term goals, it is unclear whether these partnerships are advantageous in this capacity. Thus, grounded in the resource-based view, the purpose of this investigation is to examine whether coopetition positively moderates the relationship between an entrepreneurial marketing orientation and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey responses were obtained from 184 small tourism and hospitality organisations in New Zealand. Following a series of robustness checks, covariance-based structural equation modelling was used to test the elements of the conceptual model.FindingsUnique insights illustrate an entrepreneurial marketing orientation yielding a negative and significant link with financial performance. Nevertheless, this result was potentially related to the entrepreneurial marketing-oriented opportunities that owner-managers pursued within the context of their sector; in particular, situations when employing an individualistic business model constrained certain decision-makers' ability to pursue “growth-oriented” objectives. However, coopetition produced a positive and significant moderating effect, enabling owner-managers to pursue opportunities via collaborative business models facilitating mutually beneficial performance outcomes.Practical implicationsOwner-managers of under-resourced small firms should be careful when implementing entrepreneurial marketing strategies utilising an individualistic business model. For example, they might pursue opportunities that are not viable and/or become over-loaded with market intelligence that they cannot handle. By collaborating with competitors, owner-managers can learn improved ways to operate within their industries, alongside being equipped with new resources and capabilities. In doing so, coopetition can help overcome some of the potential performance-limiting issues owner-managers face by being under-resourced, namely, via employing a collaborative business model.Originality/valueThis current study contributes to the extant literature by evaluating the complexities of entrepreneurial marketing practices. That is, although earlier research has focussed on the performance-driving outcomes of an entrepreneurial marketing orientation, prior studies typically overlook certain moderating factors that could influence this association. By examining the interaction between an entrepreneurial marketing orientation and coopetition on financial performance, new evidence has emerged on how owner-managers of small firms can utilise interfirm collaboration to succeed within their markets, as opposed to struggling to cope with the challenges of an individualistic business model. Specifically, an entrepreneurial marketing orientation is likely to enhance financial performance when under-resourced companies effectively collaborate with their competitors.
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Kovienė, Skaistė. „COMPETENCE CONDITIONS ENABLING EDUCATION IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENTS: PARENTS’ EVALUATION“. Problems of Education in the 21st Century 75, Nr. 2 (20.04.2017): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/17.75.157.
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Competence, psychological and material-organisational conditions determine favourable educational environment for parent education in pre-school education establishments. The aim of this research is - to identify competence conditions determining favourable educational environment for parent education in pre-school education establishment. Competence conditions, determining favourable educational environment for parent education in pre-school education establishments, which are formed of pedagogues and parents’ collaboration and parents’ communication between themselves, have been examined in the research. One of the determining factors, forming favourable educational environment for parent education is- pre-school educational establishment pedagogues, therefore both professional and personal pedagogues’ abilities were analysed to apply the most suitable communication and collaboration forms with parents in a concrete situation, to give parents pedagogical-psychological support. Standardised interview was applied for the research (for gathering empiric research data) and content analysis (empiric data analysis). Parents of the children attending pre-school education establishments participated in the research. The obtained results allowed making concrete conclusions about competence conditions determining favourable environment for parent education and to identify, according to parents, the most necessary for parents’ education improvement educational environment area, – pedagogues and parents’ communication and collaboration. Keywords: competence conditions, educational environment, parent education, communication and collaboration, parent involvement, pre-school education establishment.
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Borthick, A. Faye, Donald R. Jones und Sara Wakai. „Designing Learning Experiences within Learners' Zones of Proximal Development (ZPDs): Enabling Collaborative Learning On-Site and Online“. Journal of Information Systems 17, Nr. 1 (01.03.2003): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2003.17.1.107.
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In recent years, learning has been reconceptualized from an additive process characterized by an individual's acquisition of knowledge to a socially enabled developmental process in which learners continually reorganize knowledge structures and create new representations. In the new view, learning is defined as the development that results from social interaction that affords learners increased access to roles in expert performances. Accepting the dual cognitive-social nature of learning creates a new problem for instructors: designing learning experiences that meld the cognitive and social aspects without subordinating either to the other. This article addresses the problem by presenting, justifying, and exemplifying an approach to designing learning experiences that support learners' development of capabilities so that they learn to do without assistance things that they could initially do only with assistance. The goal of this design approach is for learners to develop capabilities that they first experience in assisted or collaborative learning situations. Formally, this approach comprises designing learning experiences within learners' zones of proximal development (ZPDs), “the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers” (see Vygotsky 1978, 86). The article illustrates the design phases with explanations of learning experiences for a master's course in information systems assurance.
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Austin, Zoë, James C. R. Smart, Steven Yearley, R. Justin Irvine und Piran C. L. White. „Identifying conflicts and opportunities for collaboration in the management of a wildlife resource: a mixed-methods approach“. Wildlife Research 37, Nr. 8 (2010): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10057.
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ContextThe sustainable management of many common-pool ecological resources can be strengthened through collaboration among stakeholder groups. However, the benefits of collaborative management are often not realised because of conflicts of interest among stakeholders. Effective strategies for enhancing collaborative management require an understanding of the trade-offs that managers make between different management outcomes and an understanding of the socioeconomic and location-specific differences that drive these preferences. Approaches based on quantitative or qualitative methods alone often fail to reveal some of the underlying factors inhibiting collaboration. AimsOur aim was to understand the relative importance that private-sector deer managers attach to changes in the following three outcomes of deer management: deer numbers, deer-related road-traffic accidents (RTAs) and deer impacts on conservation woodlands. MethodsWe used a mixed-methods approach, combining choice-experiment methodology with qualitative analysis of focus-group discussions from 10 study regions throughout Britain. Key resultsOur results showed that most of the private-sector stakeholders responsible for deer-management decisions at the local level would prefer to see a future with fewer deer-related RTAs but do not want to see a future with lower deer population levels. This is especially the case for those stakeholders managing for sporting purposes and those that rely on deer as a financial resource. ConclusionsThe preferences of many private-sector stakeholders responsible for deer management are at odds with those of private landowners currently experiencing economic and conservation damage from deer, and with the aims of government and non-government bodies seeking to reduce grazing and browsing damage through lower deer densities. Similar barriers to collaborative management are likely to exist in any situations where ecological resources deliver an unequal distribution of benefits and costs among stakeholders. ImplicationsOvercoming barriers to collaboration requires enhanced understanding of how different collaborative mechanisms are viewed amongst the stakeholder community and how collaborative management can be promoted. More holistic approaches to deer management, which include greater public awareness, additional road-traffic speed restrictions and appropriate fencing, or perhaps include deer-population reduction as only one of a suite of mechanisms for delivering multiple benefits from the land, are likely to gain more support from private-sector stakeholders. Mixed-methods approaches can provide an important first step in terms of both quantifying preferences in relation to the management of ecological resources and enabling detailed insights into the motivations and behaviours underlying them.
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Głębocki, Rafał, Alina Gil, Urszula Nowacka, Joanna Górna und Monika Kowalczyk-Gnyp. „EDUCATIONAL MODEL FOR CROSS-GENERATIONAL COLLABORATION“. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (17.06.2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol2.6606.
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The paper's considerations relate to an Erasmus+ project called Generation: Smart. Social Competences Transmedia Bridge To Cultivate A New Culture For Cross-Generational Collaboration. The consortium agreed that due to profound changes in the contemporary Network Societies, people of various generations have to collaborate. However, it is a complex issue due to the divergent life purposes of different aged people. Thus, the project's targeted group, i.e., educators who support adult learners, should be equipped with an educational model that constitutes a solution to this situation. The assumption was that such a model is to include social competences enabling the processes of cross-generational collaboration. Information technology transmedia blend is supposed to bridge the gap between generations. In the paper, we present an overlook of the research that focuses on developing such a framework model. The research features triangulation, which means the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. It is structured in three parts. The first one deals with the statistical embracement of the social environment in which the cross-generational collaboration occurs in project partner countries. It is quantitative desk research that utilizes Eurostat information. It is worth pointing out that the research is in statu nascendi. In two consecutive parts, the researchers want to acknowledge the cross-generational collaboration in working life and everyday life. Here, the survey method and the questionnaire interview technique serve as the qualitative research method. Two research groups are to be reached: entrepreneurs and the Third Age Universities' participants. The results of the above two stages will be known after the publication of this paper. Nonetheless, a proto-model recommendation is presented along with educational conclusions on how to use the model. The concept is based on the prior partners' analysis and design work.
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Howley, Marie, David Preece und Terence Arnold. „Multidisciplinary use of ‘structured teaching’ to promote consistency of approach for children with autistic spectrum disorder“. Educational and Child Psychology 18, Nr. 2 (2001): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2001.18.2.41.
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AbstractConsistency of approach across environments is an integral part of service delivery for children with autistic spectrum disorders in Northamptonshire. These services use the ‘structured teaching’ approach developed by Division TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children). A collaborative, multi-disciplinary approach to using structured teaching has been established involving practitioners from education, social services, health and voluntary agencies, enabling cohesive provision of services to be developed. This paper describes how different agencies worked together to meet the needs identified by two families. A narrative case study approach illustrates how collaborative practice was used to develop appropriate and consistent provision across settings. There are clearly limitations to this case study approach. However, it is anticipated that the conclusions might relate to other situations and a number of tenets for effective multi-disciplinary working are therefore proposed.
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Herald, Sarvjeet, Geo George Philip, Archna Sharma und Poulomi Ganguly. „Enabling Students with 21st Century Competency Skills for Delivering Innovation“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION METHODOLOGY 8, Nr. 1 (07.02.2017): 1390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijrem.v8i1.2152.
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In India, students’ level of learning is measured through their reading, writing and arithmetic abilities. Although prerequisite, but these are not sufficient for excelling as individuals in the 21st century, for preparing future leaders within the nation and for expediting growth of a nation into an economic powerhouse. In our view, we need to equip students with a new extended skill set as identified by Partnership for 21st century skills (P21) so that they can apply their academic learning innovatively into new situations for overcoming day-to-today challenges in their lives and in the society. Therefore, a novel Conceptual Research Experience program was introduced at Indus World School in Indore(India), where selected secondary and higher secondary school students underwent research process and were encouraged to be creative, critically think, collaborate and communicate their research findings on a topic ranging from science and commerce to law and humanities. These students not only improved reading, writing and arithmetic abilities, but with better conceptual understanding were able to deliver an innovative solution for a practical problem and disseminate it at an international level, thus creating new opportunities for themselves and for their nation.
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Kinnunen, Anu, Ira Jeglinsky, Nea Vänskä, Krista Lehtonen und Salla Sipari. „The Importance of Collaboration in Pediatric Rehabilitation for the Construction of Participation: The Views of Parents and Professionals“. Disabilities 1, Nr. 4 (30.11.2021): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/disabilities1040032.
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Purpose: Collaboration between parents and professionals is essential to enable participation of children with disabilities. Participation is a widely researched topic in pediatric rehabilitation, and evidence for it providing opportunities for involvement and a sense of belonging in community and in larger society exists. There are, however, less research results on how collaboration builds participation pertaining to involvement in life situations. In collaboration with parents, therapists and teachers, the aim of the study was to describe factors that (a) promote and (b) prevent participation in life situations for school-aged children with disabilities, working towards participation in adulthood. Methods: The study applied a qualitative research design. The data was collected during the 2015–2016 academic year with five focus-group interviews by sampling procedure. The study involved five parents of children with disabilities, three therapists and two teachers. The research data was analyzed by inductive content analysis. Results: The results identified thirteen factors that promote child participation, with an emphasis on taking the child’s individuality into account. There were three barriers, which focused on attitudes or technical issues. Conclusions: The results suggest that collaboration on child-related factors has been well identified and implemented, but collaboration on enabling environmental factors needs to be developed. The results can be utilized to design what adults’ collaboration should focus on in promoting child participation.
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Villardón-Gallego, Lourdes, Lirio Flores-Moncada, Lara Yáñez-Marquina und Roberto García-Montero. „Best Practices in the Development of Transversal Competences among Youths in Vulnerable Situations“. Education Sciences 10, Nr. 9 (02.09.2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090230.
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(1) Background: The aim of Second Chance Schools (E2Cs) is to provide employment-focused training for young people who left compulsory education without any formal qualifications by encouraging them to pursue initial vocational training. Transversal Competences (TCs) are important for enabling the social inclusion of young people in vulnerable situations by promoting their entry into the labour market. However, TCs are not always systematically developed. The objective of this study is to analyse good practices in inculcating these skills in this group of young people. (2) Methods: In-depth case studies were conducted in six best-practice schools. The following methods were used in the studies: questionnaires to school; a checklist to analyse the teaching materials used: an interview with the people responsible for the programme; an interview with students; and a questionnaire to representatives from the business sector. (3) Results: The six E2Cs attached great importance to TCs, which were taught specifically through a student-centred, active, varied and collaborative methodology that was periodically reviewed and adapted to students’ needs. TCs were evaluated before, during, and after the process was completed. (4) Conclusions: The results identified specific key elements for promoting the development of TCs that could be transferred to other schools and, consequently, could have implications for education policies in this field.
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Aas, Marit, und Jan Merok Paulsen. „National strategy for supporting school principal’s instructional leadership“. Journal of Educational Administration 57, Nr. 5 (09.09.2019): 540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-09-2018-0168.
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Purpose A number of empirical studies and evaluations in Norway and Sweden shows variabilities in the degree to which the municipalities succeed in their endeavors to support school principals’ instructional leadership practices. In response to this situation, the Norwegian and Swedish directorates of education have developed a joint collaborative design for practice learning of instructional leadership. Based on findings from two separate studies, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to theory development and improved practice for school district administrators and their subordinated school leaders. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on the data from participants who completed the program in June 2015, June 2016 and June 2017, respectively. The data are based on individual reflection documents from students on their learning and new leadership practices 4 months, 16 months and 28 months after the end of the program. Findings The project subjected to this study, labeled “Benchlearning,” involved learning from experiences of others, observational learning, dialogic group learning and in the final round translating what is learnt into the social and cultural context in which the individual school principal’s school is situated. When participating school principals experience observation-based learning together with trusted colleagues, followed by vicarious learning from these experiences in their schools, the authors see some facilitating factors to be of particular importance: learning infrastructure, digital tools, compulsory tasks associated with preparation and subsequent experiments with their teachers. Emerging from the analysis was a systematic balancing act of autonomy and structure running through the various learning activities. Finally, a strong evidence was found that developing core competence in digital learning and formative assessment among teaching staff required enhanced distributed leadership across the whole school organization. By sharing leadership tasks on instructional issues with teachers and other non-leaders, principals succeeded in leveling up instructional leadership significantly. Research limitations/implications The implications of the study can be summed up in the following four principles. First, policy makers should take into accounts the fact that principals’ motivation and willingness to initiate change processes can be created in a synergy between structured school visits and engagement in learning groups based on a sound theoretical foundation. Second, within a socially contracted practice in a well-designed learning group, it is possible to raise principals’ level of self-efficacy. Third, a systematic reflection process on authentic practice is an example of how principals can develop their metacognitive capacity and how knowledge can be transformed into new practice. Finally, educators should be trained to be process leaders in order to create a balance between demand and support in promoting principals’ learning of new instructional leadership practices. Practical implications School district administrators should take into accounts the fact that changing practices will be supported by sense-making processes involving discussions about how new instructional practices are justified. Specifically, shifts in talk and actions will also involve shifts in the ways people relate to each other and how they relate to their internal context. Further, leadership programs should include trying out new practices as the focal learning mode, accompanied by individual and collective reflective activities. Originality/value The findings of the study underscore the mutual interdependence of distributed leadership and student-centered focus accompanied with the school’s learning capacity as enabling conditions for principals’ practice learning in the field of instructional leadership.
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Almani, Dimah, Steven Furnell und Tim Muller. „Supporting Situational Awareness in VANET Attack Scenarios“. European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 21, Nr. 1 (08.06.2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.215.
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The integration of sensors and communication technologies is enabling vehicles to become increasingly intelligent and autonomous. The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) is built from intelligent vehicles that work collaboratively and interact with the surrounding environment in real time. The underlying communications infrastructure is provided by Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications. The volume of autonomous vehicles (AVs) increases, as well as the level of automation for vehicles. The potential for related incidents and attacks increases as a result. A particular concern is the ability to disseminate alerts and emergency messages effectively and securely via the V2V/V2I nodes, given the diminishing involvement of autonomous vehicle users with the operation of the autonomous vehicles.
With this challenge in mind, this paper investigates the issue of situational awareness for occupants in autonomous vehicles. Building from the concept of VANETs and recognised classification of automation levels, the discussion considers a range of related attack scenarios that could be encountered, each of which illustrates also contexts in which occupants may need to be made aware and take decisions in response. Consideration is then given to resulting support for situational awareness that would be required, particularly highlighting the associated requirements for user responsibility at different levels of automation. The resulting discussion serves to articulate the challenge and serves as a basis for further research to inform the mechanisms to address the resulting requirements.
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Saarnio, Lotta, Anne-Marie Boström, Ragnhild Hedman, Petter Gustavsson und Joakim Öhlén. „Enabling At-Homeness for Older People With Life-Limiting Conditions: A Participant Observation Study From Nursing Homes“. Global Qualitative Nursing Research 6 (Januar 2019): 233339361988163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393619881636.
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At-homeness, as an aspect of well-being, can be experienced despite living with life-limiting conditions and needs for a palliative approach to care. In nursing homes, older residents with life-limiting conditions face losses and changes which could influence their experience of at-homeness. The aim of this study was to explore how nursing staff enable at-homeness for residents with life-limiting conditions. Interpretive description was employed as the design using data from participant observations and formal and informal interviews related to nursing care situations. The strategies found to be used to enable at-homeness comprising nursing staff presenting themselves as reliable, respecting the resident’s integrity, being responsive to the resident’s needs, collaborating with the resident in decision-making, and through nurturing comforting relationships. The result on how to enable at-homeness could be used as strategies for a person-centered palliative approach in the care for residents in nursing homes.
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Ijiga, Owoicho E., Reza Malekian und Uche A. K. Chude-Okonkwo. „Enabling Emergent Configurations in the Industrial Internet of Things for Oil and Gas Explorations: A Survey“. Electronics 9, Nr. 8 (14.08.2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081306.
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Several heterogeneous, intelligent, and distributed devices can be connected to interact with one another over the Internet in what is termed internet of things (IoT). Also, the concept of IoT can be exploited in the industrial environment for enhancing the production of goods and services and for mitigating the risk of disaster occurrences. This application of IoT for enhancing industrial production is known as industrial IoT (IIoT). Emergent configuration (EC) is a technology that can be adopted to enhance the operation and collaboration of IoT connected devices in order to improve the efficiency of the connected IoT systems for maximum user satisfaction. To meet user goals, the connected devices are required to cooperate with one another in an adaptive, interoperable, and homogeneous manner. In this paper, a survey of the concept of IoT is presented in addition to a review of IIoT systems. The application of ubiquitous computing-aided software define networking (SDN)-based EC architecture is propounded for enhancing the throughput of oil and gas production in the maritime ecosystems by managing the exploration process especially in emergency situations that involve anthropogenic oil and gas spillages.
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Real-Arce, Daniel A., Eduardo Quevedo, Carlos Barrera, Joaquin Hernández, Octavio Llinás, Fernando Barbero und Alvaro Morais. „A New Integrated Border Security Approach: The FP7 PERSEUS Project“. Marine Technology Society Journal 50, Nr. 4 (01.07.2016): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.50.4.12.
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AbstractPERSEUS (Protection of European Borders and Seas Through the Intelligent Use of Surveillance) was selected as a demonstration project in the FP7 Security call FP7-SEC-2010-1. Its goals were to define and demonstrate a European concept for maritime surveillance systems and to deploy it across the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean. The systems were set to operate in a real-life environment by exercising a comprehensive set of maritime surveillance cross-border scenarios between 2013 and 2015. During its 4.5 years, it involved 32 partners from 12 countries with a budget of 42M€. PERSEUS is set in the EUROSUR policy context. EUROSUR is the information exchange framework designed to improve the management of Europe's external borders. It aims to support member states by increasing their situational awareness and reaction capability in combating cross-border crime, tackling irregular migration, and preventing loss of migrant lives at sea. However, it also is in the reality of the existing national and regional systems operated by each member state to monitor its own maritime space. The PERSEUS project delivered successful results in three different domains. Some of them are a validated solution enabling shared surveillance of maritime borders (operational); an architecture, domain, target vision, and processes contributing to EUROSUR (integration); and recommendations and lessons learned toward evolving collaborative maritime surveillance policies (best practices). The line followed by PERSEUS using autonomous maritime surveillance systems such as the Wave Glider (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" href="http://www.liquidr.com">http://www.liquidr.com</ext-link>) opens new research lines for future collaboration opportunities.
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Catibog-Sinha, Corazon, und Ruth Sarra Guzman. „ENABLING SUSTAINABLE MARINE TOURISM IN ISLAND COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF GILUTUNGAN MARINE SANCTUARY“. BIMP-EAGA Journal for Sustainable Tourism Development 4, Nr. 1 (06.06.2015): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bimpeagajtsd.v4i1.3095.
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This paper focuses on the enabling conditions to achieve sustainable tourism within an island ecosystem in the Philippines. It explores how a marine reserve, in the context of sustainable tourism, is being managed and governed at the local level. The study site is the Gilutungan Marine Sanctuary (GMS), in Cordova, Cebu, Philippines, one of the preferred diving sites in the country, after having its damaged coral reefs restored to health by the community. The study argues that community-based tourism can be a tool in the management of Marine Protected Areas. The paper discusses the strategies that have been initiated by the local government to pursue a self-sufficient and sustainable marine reserve. It also attempts to propose ways to address the issues and challenges in marine conservation, such as provision of local livelihoods, community empowerment, and benefit sharing. Certain conditions have to be in place to ensure the sustainability of marine tourism. This study shows that mass tourism in GMS is becoming a serious problem. Coral reef check and visitor impact monitoring should also be strengthened to assess the damage of tourism and appropriate action taken immediately. The enabling conditions necessary to achieve sustainability while conserving marine life at the GMS are: strict observance of Laws and regulations; greening of Local Governance; viable Management Plan; financial mechanism through the Environmental User Fee (EUF) system; benefit sharing of environmental fees; collaboration and public-private partnerships; community involvement and livelihoods; and, promoting responsibility of tourists and the tourism industry.Recommendations, applicable to the Philippines and similar sites elsewhere, are also presented to help ensure sustainable tourism in a marine sanctuary. The lessons learned from this study can provide valuable management ideas and impetus for healthy governance of marine reserves in the Philippines and other sites overseas that have similar situation and concerns.
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Isouchi, Chikako. „District Continuity Plans for Large-Scale Disaster Coordination: Case Study in Kagawa District“. Journal of Disaster Research 12, Nr. 4 (28.07.2017): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0733.
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To deal with large-scale disasters, it is necessary to maintain important community functions. One way to achieve this goal is through strategic collaboration with local organizations to ensure district continuity in the aftermath of disaster. It is therefore necessary for local organizations to form a consensus in order to draft measures for the reduction of disaster damage, enabling each organization to act strategically in a post-disaster situation. These measures taken together are called a district continuity plan (DCP).In this paper, the concept of district continuity is defined as a BCP method. The utility of this method is clarified through two case studies. The Kagawa DCP focuses on a possible future Nankai Trough earthquake, and the Basin DCP against large-scale flooding is based on the DCP concept.
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Poole, Jolyon, Valeria Mercadante, Sanjeet Singhota, Karim Nizam und Joanna M. Zakrzewska. „Exploring patient satisfaction of a joint-consultation clinic for trigeminal neuralgia: Enabling improved decision-making“. British Journal of Pain 16, Nr. 2 (19.10.2021): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20494637211045877.
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Background Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a relatively rare condition which has a profound impact not only on the patient but also on those around them. There is no cure for TN, and the management of the condition is complex. The most effective forms of treatment are either through medication, neurosurgery, or combination of the two. Each option has risks and implications for the patient. As with all clinical decisions, it is important for patients to understand and be fully informed of the treatments available to them. A London UK unit adopted a joint-consultation clinic approach where the patient meets with both physician and neurosurgeon at the same time to discuss treatment options. The purpose of this evaluation is to understand patients’ level of satisfaction with the joint-consultation clinic and evaluate utilisation of a clinical decision-making tool. Method Patients who had attended the joint-consultation clinic over a period of 12 months were invited to participate in a telephone or paper survey (N = 55). Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results Forty-one patients (77% response rate) participated in the survey, and the results were overwhelmingly positive for the joint-consultation clinic regarding satisfaction. The benefits were broad ranging including increased understanding, collaboration and confidence in decision-making. Conclusions A joint-consultation clinic comprising a neurosurgeon and a physician for the treatment of TN is valued by patients who become better informed and able to make decisions about their care. Positive application of clinical decision-making aids in this situation offers potential across specialities.
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Docherty-Skippen, Susan, und Karen Beattie. „Duoethnography as a dialogic and collaborative form of curriculum inquiry for resident professionalism and self-care education“. Canadian Medical Education Journal 9, Nr. 3 (29.07.2018): e76-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.42981.
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Medical residency is an important time in the development of physician professionalism, as residents’ identities and medical responsibilities shift from student-learners to practitioner-leaders. During this transition time, many residents struggle with stress due to the unique pressures of their post-graduate training. This, in turn, can potentially hinder successful professional identity development. In response, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) has incorporated physician health into its CanMEDS professional competency framework.Although this framework identifies enabling self-care professional competencies (e.g., capacity for self-regulation and resilience for sustainable practice), it does not specify the types of educational strategies best suited to teach and assess these competencies. To support the prevention and rehabilitation of resident health issues, residency training programs are faced with the complex challenge of developing socially accountable curricula that successfully foster self-care competencies. Duoethnography, a dialogic and collaborative form of curriculum inquiry, is presented as a pedagogical model for resident professionalism and self-care education. Merits of duoethnography centers on its: 1) capability to foster self-reflexive and transformative learning; 2) versatility to accommodate learner diversity; and 3) adaptability for use in different social, situational, and ethical contexts.
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Rojas-Pernia, Susana, und Ignacio Haya-Salmón. „Inclusive Research and the Use of Visual, Creative and Narrative Strategies in Spain“. Social Sciences 11, Nr. 4 (01.04.2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040154.
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In recent decades, there have been many works on inclusive research that provide a clear framework on its meaning and the implications it entails. They also highlight the importance of addressing outstanding challenges, among others, to inquire after research strategies that respond to the diversity of situations in which people with intellectual disabilities find themselves. This article presents a research project carried out in Spain over a period of eighteen months by a team of researchers with and without intellectual disabilities. Specifically, we explore how the construction of enabling relationships, both dialogic and horizontal, requires giving greater emphasis to visual and creative methodological strategies, such as photographs, image-theatre, body-mapping, murals or visual presentations. The findings reported by the researchers and co-researchers have encouraged us to review some methodological premises such as our role as researchers or the type of relationships we establish. They also demonstrate the value of using a variety of collaborative enquiry strategies that recognise the agency of all researchers.
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Ali, Zain, Munam Ali Shah, Ahmad Almogren, Ikram Ud Din, Carsten Maple und Hasan Ali Khattak. „Named Data Networking for Efficient IoT-based Disaster Management in a Smart Campus“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 8 (12.04.2020): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083088.
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Disasters are uncertain occasions that can impose a drastic impact on human life and building infrastructures. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in coping with such situations by enabling and integrating multiple technological resources to develop Disaster Management Systems (DMSs). In this context, a majority of the existing DMSs use networking architectures based upon the Internet Protocol (IP) focusing on location-dependent communications. However, IP-based communications face the limitations of inefficient bandwidth utilization, high processing, data security, and excessive memory intake. To address these issues, Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising communication paradigm, which is based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architecture. An NDN is among the self-organizing communication networks that reduces the complexity of networking systems in addition to provide content security. Given this, many NDN-based DMSs have been proposed. The problem with the existing NDN-based DMS is that they use a PULL-based mechanism that ultimately results in higher delay and more energy consumption. In order to cater for time-critical scenarios, emergence-driven network engineering communication and computation models are required. In this paper, a novel DMS is proposed, i.e., Named Data Networking Disaster Management (NDN-DM), where a producer forwards a fire alert message to neighbouring consumers. This makes the nodes converge according to the disaster situation in a more efficient and secure way. Furthermore, we consider a fire scenario in a university campus and mobile nodes in the campus collaborate with each other to manage the fire situation. The proposed framework has been mathematically modeled and formally proved using timed automata-based transition systems and a real-time model checker, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of the proposed NDM-DM has been performed using NS2. The results prove that the proposed scheme has reduced the end-to-end delay up from 2 % to 10 % and minimized up to 20 % energy consumption, as energy improved from 3 % to 20 % compared with a state-of-the-art NDN-based DMS.
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Seturidze, Rusudan, und Nino Topuria. „A way of developing collaboration between universities and businesses in a time of COVID-19“. Kybernetes 50, Nr. 5 (26.02.2021): 1661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2020-0518.
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Purpose Central to problems affecting effective university–business collaboration (UBC) is the lack of intensive communication in addition to some administrative issues. This paper aims to resolve this issue by use of a uniquely designed “UBC system.” It suggests establishing a unified business analytics portal as one of the most convenient ways of facilitating UBC. This research paper describes the development and functioning of the “UBC system,” which is capable of supporting universities and businesses in terms of the COVID-19 crisis and in enabling the implementation of innovations in their activities. Design/methodology/approach Several dozen organizations and students and graduates of different universities were selected to test the “UBC system.” This research was conducted in several phases. The “UBC system” was developed on the basis of Microsoft 365, which is a solution made on a single platform with the integrated operation of several applications (SharePoint [Easy-Quiz and Survey], Outlook, Teams, Power Automate and Power BI). The system collects, processes and compares the data; schedules online interviews; conducts intelligence quotient testing and surveys; and its business analytic reports and dashboards are shared on the internet and are accessible from any location and from any device. Findings The results of the given study suggest that establishing reliable and convenient online coordination through the “UBC system” can provide help in enabling efficient collaboration between universities and businesses – something that has gained special importance in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper provides a number of conclusions and recommendations to improve online cooperation between universities and businesses. Practical implications The system can be administered by state entities (such as the Ministry of Education) and by career development centers within universities. The use of these kinds of systems can become a permanent part of effective UBC. The “UBC system” will not only help overcome employment problems in times of crisis but also make it easier to analyze the real situation and to introduce and develop innovative trends by both businesses and universities through mutual cooperation in an automated mode. Originality/value The proposed “UBC system” platform was developed by the authors.
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Zhu, Zhongxian, Hongguang Lyu, Jundong Zhang und Yong Yin. „An Efficient Ship Automatic Collision Avoidance Method Based on Modified Artificial Potential Field“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, Nr. 1 (21.12.2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010003.
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A novel collision avoidance (CA) algorithm was proposed based on the modified artificial potential field (APF) method, to construct a practical ship automatic CA system. Considering the constraints of both the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) and the motion characteristics of the ship, the multi-ship CA algorithm was realized by modifying the repulsive force model in the APF method. Furthermore, the distance from the closest point of approach-time to the closest point of approach (DCPA-TCPA) criterion was selected as the unique adjustable parameter from the perspective of navigation practice. Collaborative CA experiments were designed and conducted to validate the proposed algorithm. The results of the experiments revealed that the actual DCPA and TCPA agree well with the parameter setup that keeps the ship at a safe distance from other ships in complex encountering situations. Consequently, the algorithm proposed in this study can achieve efficient automatic CA with minimal parameter settings. Moreover, the navigators can easily accept and comprehend the adjustable parameters, enabling the algorithm to satisfy the demand of the engineering applications.
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Li, Weifeng, Lufeng Zhong, Yaochen Liu und Guoyou Shi. „Ship Intrusion Collision Risk Model Based on a Dynamic Elliptical Domain“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 6 (26.05.2023): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061122.
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To improve navigation safety in maritime environments, a key step is to reduce the influence of human factors on the risk assessment of ship collisions by automating the decision-making process as much as possible. This paper optimizes a dynamic elliptical ship domain based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, combines the relative motion between ships in different encounter situations and the level of ship intrusion in the domain, and proposes a ship intrusion collision risk (SICR) model. The simulation results show that the optimized ship domain meets the visualization requirements, and the intrusion model has good collision risk perception ability, which can be used as the evaluation standard of ship collision risk: when the SICR is 0.5–0.6, the ship can establish a collaborative collision avoidance decision-making relationship with other ships, and the action ship can take effective collision avoidance action at the best time when the SICR is between 0.3 and 0.5. The SICR model can give navigators a more accurate and rapid perception of navigation risks, enabling timely maneuvering decisions, and improving navigation safety.
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Willoughby, Cerys, und Jeremy G. Frey. „Documentation and Visualisation of Workflows for Effective Communication, Collaboration and Publication @ Source“. International Journal of Digital Curation 12, Nr. 1 (16.09.2017): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v12i1.532.
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Workflows processing data from research activities and driving in silico experiments are becoming an increasingly important method for conducting scientific research. Workflows have the advantage that not only can they be automated and used to process data repeatedly, but they can also be reused – in part or whole – enabling them to be evolved for use in new experiments. A number of studies have investigated strategies for storing and sharing workflows for the benefit of reuse. These have revealed that simply storing workflows in repositories without additional context does not enable workflows to be successfully reused. These studies have investigated what additional resources are needed to facilitate users of workflows and in particular to add provenance traces and to make workflows and their resources machine-readable. These additions also include adding metadata for curation, annotations for comprehension, and including data sets to provide additional context to the workflow. Ultimately though, these mechanisms still rely on researchers having access to the software to view and run the workflows. We argue that there are situations where researchers may want to understand a workflow that goes beyond what provenance traces provide and without having to run the workflow directly; there are many situations in which it can be difficult or impossible to run the original workflow. To that end, we have investigated the creation of an interactive workflow visualization that captures the flow chart element of the workflow with additional context including annotations, descriptions, parameters, metadata and input, intermediate, and results data that can be added to the record of a workflow experiment to enhance both curation and add value to enable reuse. We have created interactive workflow visualisations for the popular workflow creation tool KNIME, which does not provide users with an in-built function to extract provenance information that can otherwise only be viewed through the tool itself. Making use of the strengths of KNIME for adding documentation and user-defined metadata we can extract and create a visualisation and curation package that encourages and enhances curation@source, facilitating effective communication, collaboration, and reuse of workflows.